identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B78780D434FFB4C4E5C6E9BA79C359.text	03B78780D434FFB4C4E5C6E9BA79C359.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris pallescens (Stal 1861)	<div><p>Limnocoris pallescens (Stål, 1861)</p> <p>(Figs. 1–2)</p> <p>Discussion. Wing polymorphism in adults of Heteroptera is common and the adult may have the fore- and hindwings well-developed or have some degree of reduction in both pairs of wings or in only one pair. In Limnocoris, in general, the forewing is not reduced, but varying degrees of suppression of the clavus, claval suture, intraclaval suture, and posterior suture of the embolium can occur (Fig. 1). The hemelytral membrane is usually not reduced, although this may occur in some species, as L. abbreviatus Montandon, L. decarloi Nieser &amp; López-Ruf, L. longirostris Rodrigues &amp; Sites, and L. moapensis (La Rivers). Because individuals with some degree of hindwing reduction probably have limited or no ability to fly, the thoracic musculature of these specimens also has some degree of reduction, as was verified for the Palearctic species Ilyocoris cimicoides (Linnaeus) (Larsén 1970). The external morphology of some structures, most notably the pronotum and embolium, is associated with this musculature reduction; thus, the appearance of these structures can differ depending on the wing condition.</p> <p>In the revision of Limnocoris associated with the foothills and slopes of the Andes, Rodrigues &amp; Sites (2021) examined brachypterous and macropterous specimens of L. pallescens. In the macropterous form, the posterolateral corner of the pronotum is more broadly rounded, the posterior margin of the pronotum is sinuous, the curvature of the embolium lateral margin near the humeral angle is approximately 37 degrees, and the claval, intraclaval, and posterior embolar sutures are well-developed (Fig. 1F), whereas in the brachypterous form, the posterolateral corner is narrowly rounded, the posterior margin of the pronotum is shallowly concave medially, the curvature of the embolium lateral margin near the humeral angle is approximately 45 degrees, and the claval, intraclaval, and posterior embolial sutures are usually absent (Fig. 1D), although the claval and/or intraclaval sutures may be present but suppressed in some specimens (as in Fig. 1E). Another difference between the two wing forms studied by Rodrigues &amp; Sites (2021) is the pair of posterior indentations in the pronotum, present only in the macropterous specimens. These indentations are located laterally to the posterior, dark-brown transverse sulcus of the pronotum, and are probably associated with the pleural apodemes (see Parsons 1967, 1968) that support the origins of thoracic musculature (Fig. 1F).</p> <p>In the present study, we examined brachypterous specimens of L. pallescens from the states of Monagas and Sucre, northern Venezuela. In these specimens, the pronotum and embolium are shaped differently in comparison to the brachypterous specimens examined by Rodrigues &amp; Sites (2021). Specifically, the posterolateral corner of the pronotum is acute, the posterior margin of the pronotum is straight and without a median concavity, and the embolium has greater curvature (approximately 60 degrees) near the humeral angle (Figs. 1A, C). We also verified the hindwing sizes of the two brachypterous forms. In the specimens examined from Monagas and Sucre, the hindwing reaches to only the anterior margin of abdominal tergum II, whereas in the brachypterous specimens examined by Rodrigues &amp; Sites (2021), the hindwing extends to slightly beyond the anterior margin of abdominal tergum III (Fig. 1E). Similar variation in these structures can be found in other species in which brachypterous and macropterous forms are known.</p> <p>The diagnostic characteristics of the species in the material examined here and that studied by Rodrigues &amp; Sites (2021) are similar: shape of the meso- and metasternal carinae (Fig. 1G), the propleuron shagreened area with posterior end weakly angulate (Fig. 1B), and the posterior margin of the female subgenital plate rounded (Fig. 1H); thus, we consider all these specimens to belong to L. pallescens. As such, L. pallescens is now known to have two brachypterous forms.</p> <p>Published records. Colombia (Stål 1861). Venezuela: Aragua, Carabobo, and Vargas (Montandon 1898; Rodrigues &amp; Sites 2021).</p> <p>Distribution. This species is distributed in Colombia and Venezuela, northern South America. The Colombian record, which represents the type locality of L. pallescens, does not have precise data, as only the name of the country was given in the original description. The previously reported records from Venezuela were concentrated in the central portion of the Coastal Range, a mountain range system near the Caribbean coastline. The specimens examined in the present study, which represent new distribution records, were collected in the eastern portion of the Venezuela Coastal Range, in the states of Monagas and Sucre (Fig. 2).</p> <p>Material examined. COLOMBIA: HOLOTYPE of L. pallescens, Columbia [= COLOMBIA]/ Dohrn / Typus / NHRS-GULI 000008904 (♀ brachypterous NHRS). VENEZUELA, Aragua: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.79597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.39376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.79597/lat 10.39376)">Carretera</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.79597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.39376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.79597/lat 10.39376)">Maracay-Choroní</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.79597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.39376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.79597/lat 10.39376)">Sector</a> los <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.79597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.39376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.79597/lat 10.39376)">Cerritos</a>, 18–19.IX. 2004, 200 m/ Collector J. Camacho (1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.79597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.39376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.79597/lat 10.39376)">Choroní</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.79597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.39376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.79597/lat 10.39376)">Los Cerritos</a>, 200 m, 17.XI.2005, J. Camacho col. (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.79597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.39376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.79597/lat 10.39376)">Henri Pittier National Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.79597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.39376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.79597/lat 10.39376)">Río Cumboto</a>, 10.39376°N, 67.79597°W, 4 January 2009, 130 m, leaf packs &amp; kick netting, leg. A. Short, VZ09-0104-02A (1♀ macropterous, 1♀ brachypterous UMC). Monagas: Monagas bor., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.79597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.39376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.79597/lat 10.39376)">Cueva del Garcháro</a> cave env. (ca. 10 km W of Caripe), 21-22 Feb. 2005 / Venezuela 2005 Exp., GPS (??? N11 o 48’15.3”, W62 o 06’57.4” ???), Janšta P. &amp; Musilová Z. lgt. (2♁, 1♀ NMPC; 1 ♀ UMC; all brachypterous). Sucre: El Yaque near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.79597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.39376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.79597/lat 10.39376)">Mt. Turumquire</a>, Sucre, Venez., G. Netting/ Jan.8 1930 (5♁ CMNH; 1♁ UMC; all brachypterous).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B78780D434FFB4C4E5C6E9BA79C359	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2023): Notes on the morphology of two species of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) from South America. Zootaxa 5264 (1): 137-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.1.10
03B78780D436FFB3C4E5C386BBC5C547.text	03B78780D436FFB3C4E5C386BBC5C547.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris pectoralis Montandon 1897	<div><p>Limnocoris pectoralis Montandon, 1897</p> <p>(Figs. 3A–F)</p> <p>Discussion. Limnocoris pectoralis was described based on material from Salta, Argentina. In the original description, Montandon (1897) did not specify the number of specimens of the type series that he indicated were deposited in the “Musée Zoologique de Turin” and in his collection. Nieser &amp; López-Ruf (2001) designated the lectotype of this species based on a male (Figs. 3A–C) from Montandon’s original series deposited at the Natural History Museum Vienna—NHMW. Recently, two female specimens from the type series of L. pectoralis were located in the Natural History Museum in London (Figs. 3D–E). One of these females also has a lectotype label (Fig. 3D); thus, two specimens were labelled as lectotypes by Nieser &amp; López-Ruf. Because the original lectotype designation was based on the specimen from the NHMW, the only specimen mentioned in that paper (by Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001), the two specimens at the BMNH are considered paralectotypes.</p> <p>Nieser &amp; López-Ruf (2001) described the female of L. pectoralis based on non-type specimens since they had access only to the male lectotype. The female described by them has the posterior margin of the subgenital plate rounded; however, all specimens examined by Rodrigues &amp; Sites (2021) of L. pectoralis from Argentina, the country of the type locality of this species, have the posterior margin of the subgenital plate narrowed and produced medially. Thus, Rodrigues &amp; Sites (2021) realized that the female of L. pectoralis described by Nieser &amp; López-Ruf (2001) actually belongs to L. peruvianus, a morphologically similar species with the subgenital plate posterior margin broadly to narrowly rounded (Fig. 3G). Similarly, Rodrigues &amp; Sites (2021) did not have the opportunity to examine females of the type series of L. pectoralis, but the association among females and males from Argentina (including the male lectotype) led them to identify the females with narrowed and medially produced subgenital plates as L. pectoralis. This observation was corroborated after examination of photographs of the female paralectotypes of L. pectoralis deposited in the BMNH.</p> <p>Material examined. PARALECTOTYPES: ARGENTINA: Salta / Rep. Argentine Do A. Borelli / Montandon Coll. 1901-233/ Limnocoris pectoralis Montand. type 1897 (1♀ BMNH); same data, except: L. pectoralis Montd. co-type (1♀ BMNH). NON-TYPES: PERU: Cusco Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.54633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.054833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.54633/lat -13.054833)">San Pedro</a>, 1390 m, 13°03.29’S, 71°32.78’W, 08 IX 2013, WDS-A-1915, W.D. Shepard (7♁, 4♀ UMC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B78780D436FFB3C4E5C386BBC5C547	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2023): Notes on the morphology of two species of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) from South America. Zootaxa 5264 (1): 137-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.1.10
