identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C387BAFFB3FFF6EFC6F8DAFD6BFF29.text	03C387BAFFB3FFF6EFC6F8DAFD6BFF29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Surirella liubingii J. Y. Long 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Surirella liubingii J.Y.Long sp. nov. (LM: Figs 1–14, SEM: Figs 15–26, 102, 103) </p>
            <p>Observations:— LM: Valve outline long-ovate to ovate with broadly rounded headpole and cuneate footpole (Figs 1– 14). Valve dimensions (n = 21): length 22–33 μm, width 8.5–9.9 μm (measured at widest part of the valve), length/width ratio 2.3–3.7. Costa-stria bundles (CSBs) distinct, alternated with over-fibula costae (OFCs) from pole to pole. CSBs not reaching valve margins because the internal wall of raphe canal growing into cell cavity to form a “pseudoseptum” from the valve margin (indicated by two arrows in Fig. 4, see also Figs 21–23). CSBs parallel at the valve middle, slightly radiate approaching apices. Fibulae distinct, extending to midline, 6–7 in 10 μm.</p>
            <p>SEM: Each CSB mostly composed of three costae and four striae, but occasionally two costae and three striae or four costae and five striae (Figs 15–17). Tiny rib-like thickenings produced externally (Fig. 18, arrows). Striae multiseriate, composed of 3 or 4 rows of areolae, 24–26 in 10 μm (measured from SEM images, n = 3). Outside openings of areolae round to slit-like (Figs 18–20). Raphe canal located directly on mantle. Distal raphe endings simple and interrupting at both apices (Figs 19, 20, two arrows respectively). Internally, wall of raphe canal growing into cell cavity to the extent that the internal raphe canal wall is developed to form a longitudinal siliceous plate (a “pseudoseptum” from the valve margin, indicated by two double-headed arrows in Fig. 21), which hides the portula structure. The wall of the raphe canal is striated (Fig. 26). Fibulae robust, occasionally bifurcate, extending to valve midline (Figs 21–23, 25, 102). Raphe continuous at headpole (Fig. 24, arrow), but interrupted at footpole (Fig. 26, two arrows). One portula produced between two adjacent fibulae (Fig. 103, three arrows).</p>
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                 Type:—   CHINA, Qinghai province, Menyuan County: unnamed freshwater river course, sampling point 37°27'28" N, 101°23'15" E, 2940 m asl.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.3875/lat 37.45778)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.3875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.45778">Bing Liu</a>
                 , 18 th July 2019 (holotype slide JIU! DIA202315, specimen circled on slide = Fig. 1)  . 
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            <p>Etymology:— Named after Dr. Bing Liu who is the first author’s supervisor and who collected the samples.</p>
            <p> Ecology and distribution:— Epilithic in river. The following environmental parameters were measured. Conductivity was 448 ± 1 μS̔cm –1, pH was 8.36 ± 0.03 and water temperature was 11.9 ± 0.5 °C. So far,  Surirella liubingii has only been found in the type locality. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387BAFFB3FFF6EFC6F8DAFD6BFF29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Long, Ji-Yan;Liu, Bing;Rioual, Patrick;Yang, Bin;Zhou, Min	Long, Ji-Yan, Liu, Bing, Rioual, Patrick, Yang, Bin, Zhou, Min (2023): Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae. Phytotaxa 592 (2): 163-177, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C387BAFFB5FFF6EFC6FC18FC69F9E5.text	03C387BAFFB5FFF6EFC6FC18FC69F9E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Surirella lacrimula J. D. English 2012	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Surirella lacrimula J.D. English 2012 (LM: Figs 55–66, SEM: Figs 67–77, 105) </p>
            <p>Observations:— LM: Valve outline ovate with broadly rounded headpole and cuneate footpole (Figs 55–66). Valve dimensions (n = 30): length 24–34 μm, width 10.3–13.1 μm (measured at the widest part of the valve), length/width ratio 2.1–2.6. Valve composed of two distinct portions: central portion and outside portion (indicated in Fig. 59). Fibulae evident, spanning c. 1/4 of valve width, not extending to midline, 7–9 in 10 μm. Fibulae parallel at valve middle, radiate approaching apices.</p>
            <p>SEM: Valve face flat making CSBs difficult to distinguish as CSBs not elevated from OFCs (Fig. 67–71). Striae multiseriate, composed of 3 or 4 rows of areolae, 30–32 in 10 μm (measured from SEM images, n = 4). Outside openings of areolae slit-like (Figs 68–71). Raphe canal located directly on mantle. Internally, valve composed of two portions: central portion and outside portion (indicated in Fig. 74). Wall of raphe canal growing slightly into cell cavity so that the portulae are easily visible (Figs 72–74). Fibulae short, a few bifurcate, spanning c. 1/4 of valve width, not extending to valve midline (Figs 72–74). Raphe continuous at headpole (Fig. 76, wavy arrow), but interrupted at footpole (Fig. 77, two arrows). One to three portulae occurring between two adjacent fibulae (Fig. 75, three arrows; Fig. 105, three arrows).</p>
            <p> Distribution:—  S. lacrimula was found in the same site with  S. liubingii . From the literature, this species appears to have a global distribution as it has been reported in the USA, France, Argentina, and Iran (English &amp; Potapova 2012, Bey &amp; Ector 2013, Seeligmann &amp; Maidana 2019, Safiallah et al. 2020). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387BAFFB5FFF6EFC6FC18FC69F9E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Long, Ji-Yan;Liu, Bing;Rioual, Patrick;Yang, Bin;Zhou, Min	Long, Ji-Yan, Liu, Bing, Rioual, Patrick, Yang, Bin, Zhou, Min (2023): Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae. Phytotaxa 592 (2): 163-177, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C387BAFFB5FFF6EFC6FEA4FCCEFC7D.text	03C387BAFFB5FFF6EFC6FEA4FCCEFC7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Surirella minuta Brebisson	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Surirella minuta Brébisson in Kützing 1849 (LM: Figs 27–42, SEM: Figs 43–54, 104) </p>
            <p>Observations:— LM: Valve outline long-ovate to ovate with broadly rounded headpole and cuneate footpole (Figs 27–42). Valve dimensions (n = 38): length 20–46 μm, width 8.4–11.0 μm (measured at widest part of the valves), length/width ratio 2.1–4.4. Costa-stria bundles (CSBs) evident, alternated with over-fibula costae (OFCs) from pole to pole. CSBs reaching valve margins. CSBs parallel at valve middle, radiate approaching apices. Fibulae evident, nearly extending to midline, 7–9 in 10 μm.</p>
            <p>SEM: Each CSB mostly composed of three costae and four striae, or two costae and three striae (Figs 43–46). Striae multiseriate, composed of 3–5 rows of areolae, 25–27 in 10 μm (measured under SEM images, n = 3). Outside openings of areolae slit-like (Figs 45–48). Raphe canal located directly on mantle. Distal raphe endings simple and interrupting at both apices (Figs 47, 48, two arrows respectively). Internally, wall of raphe canal only slightly growing into cell cavity such as the portulae are visible (Figs 49, 50, 54, 104). Fibulae medium-sized, occasionally bifurcate, extending to valve midline (Figs 49–51). Each fibula corresponds to a sinking in the mantle (Fig. 51). Raphe continuous at headpole (Fig. 52, wavy arrow), but interrupted at footpole (Fig. 53, two arrows). One portula produced between two adjacent fibulae (Fig. 54, two arrows, Fig. 104, three arrows).</p>
            <p> Distribution:—  Surirella minuta was commonly found and was dominant in the assemblages collected on the stone surfaces in the river course. It was associated with  S. liubingii ,  S. lacrimula and  S. brebissonii var. kuetzingi . From the literature, this species has a global distribution (Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1987, English &amp; Potapova 2012, Bey &amp; Ector 2013, Dedić et al. 2015, Caglar et al. 2022). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387BAFFB5FFF6EFC6FEA4FCCEFC7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Long, Ji-Yan;Liu, Bing;Rioual, Patrick;Yang, Bin;Zhou, Min	Long, Ji-Yan, Liu, Bing, Rioual, Patrick, Yang, Bin, Zhou, Min (2023): Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae. Phytotaxa 592 (2): 163-177, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C387BAFFB5FFF4EFC6F990FF30F9B4.text	03C387BAFFB5FFF4EFC6F990FF30F9B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Surirella brebissonii var. kuetzingii Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1987	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Surirella brebissonii var. kuetzingii Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1987 (LM: Figs 78–89, SEM: Figs 90–101, 106) </p>
            <p>Observations:— LM: Valve outline ovate to elliptical with broadly rounded headpole and narrowly rounded footpole. Valve dimensions (n = 25): 14–25 μm long, 6.9–8.8 μm wide (measured at widest part of the valve), length/width ratio 1.4–1.6. Valve composed of two portions: central portion and outside portion (indicated in Fig. 83). Costa-stria bundles (CSBs) visible, alternated with over-fibula costae (OFCs) from pole to pole. CSBs reaching valve margins. CSBs parallel at valve middle part, radiate approaching apices. Fibulae well-developed, spanning c. 1/4 of valve width, not extending to midline, 6–8 in 10 μm.</p>
            <p> SEM: Each CSB often composed of three costae and four striae (Figs 90–92). Striae multiseriate, composed of 3–5 rows of areolae, 23–25 in 10 μm (measured from SEM images, n = 4). Outside openings of areolae slit-like (Figs 92–95). Raphe canal located directly on mantle. Distal raphe endings simple and interrupting at both apices (Figs 93, 94, two arrows respectively). Internally, valve composed of two portions: central portion and outside portion (indicated in Fig. 97). Wall of raphe canal growing slightly into cell cavity leaving the portulae visible. Fibulae short, spanning c. 1/4 of valve width, not extending to valve midline (Figs 96–98). Raphe continuous at headpole (Fig. 99, wavy arrow), but interrupted at footpole (Fig. 100, two arrows). Three portulae produced between two adjacent fibulae (Figs 101, 106, three arrows). The areas between the fibulae  form marginal trough-like depressions (Fig. 106). </p>
            <p> Ecology and distribution:— Epilithic in freshwater river.  Surirella brebissonii var. kuetzingi was found in the same sampling site with  S. liubingii , for the environmental parameters, see above. It is commonly found in Europe with reports from Germany, France and Poland (Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1987, Bey &amp; Ector 2013, Szczepocka et al. 2018). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387BAFFB5FFF4EFC6F990FF30F9B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Long, Ji-Yan;Liu, Bing;Rioual, Patrick;Yang, Bin;Zhou, Min	Long, Ji-Yan, Liu, Bing, Rioual, Patrick, Yang, Bin, Zhou, Min (2023): Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae. Phytotaxa 592 (2): 163-177, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
