identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
870687D7FF8BFFA215A5910CAD1D9634.text	870687D7FF8BFFA215A5910CAD1D9634.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scytodes Latreille 1804	<div><p>Genus Scytodes Latreille, 1804</p> <p>Scytodes Latreille, 1804: 134 (type species Aranea thoracica Latreille, 1802, by subsequent designation).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Species of the genus Scytodes differ from those of Dictis in having three tarsal claws (Figs 1A, 3C–F) (vs. two in Dictis).</p> <p>Composition. 225 species (WSC 2021).</p> <p>Distribution. Worldwide, with several synanthropic species (WSC 2021).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF8BFFA215A5910CAD1D9634	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF8BFFA215A59780AB619096.text	870687D7FF8BFFA215A59780AB619096.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scytodinae Blackwall 1864	<div><p>Subfamily Scytodinae Blackwall, 1864</p> <p>Type genus. Scytodes Latreille, 1804</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of Scytodinae differ from those of Scyloxinae subfam. n. by the palp with bulb inserted subapically and cymbium with apical digitiform extension bearing blunt macrosetae (Figs 3G–H, 5A–D, 8F–G, 11G–J) (vs. bulb inserted apically on cymbium, lacking digitiform extension and blunt macrosetae in Scyloxinae subfam. n.). Females differ by the presence of pair of epigynal postepigastric fovea and positioning ridges (Figs 3I, 6A, 9A–B, 12A) (vs. absent in Scyloxinae subfam. n.).</p> <p>Included genera. Scytodes and Dictis.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF8BFFA215A59780AB619096	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF8BFFA415A59093AA5A928A.text	870687D7FF8BFFA415A59093AA5A928A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scytodes arwa Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten. A 2006	<div><p>Scytodes arwa Rheims, Brescovit &amp; van Harten, 2006</p> <p>Figs 1A–D, 2A–C, 3A–J</p> <p>Scytodes arwa Rheims, Brescovit &amp; van Harten, 2006: 163, figs 6–11 (♂ holotype from YEMEN, [Hajjah] near Hajjah [15°41'N 43°36'E], 10 July 2001, A. van Harten leg., deposited in IBSP 35570, examined).</p> <p>Scytodes makeda Rheims, Brescovit &amp; van Harten, 2006: 164, figs 12–14 (♀ holotype from YEMEN, [Hajjah], Manakhah [15°05'N 43°42'E], 1500 m, under outer leafsheet of banana, 28 August 2001, A. van Harten leg., deposited in IBSP 35583, examined; ♀ paratype from OMAN, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=59.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 59.3/lat 21.633333)">Qarhat Mu’ammar</a> [21°38'N 59°18'E], 130 m, 23 February 1986, deposited in NHMB, examined). Syn. n.</p> <p>Additional material examined. YEMEN: Abyan: 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.083333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.35/lat 13.083333)">Al Kowd</a> [Al Kawd, 13°05'N 45°21'E], 15 May 2000, A. van Harten leg. (IBSP 35581); Lahij: 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.866665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.866665/lat 13.05)">Lahij</a> [13°03'N 44°52'E], 24 March 1998, A. van Harten leg. (IBSP 35580); Socotra Archipelago: 1♀, Socotra Island [12°27'N 53°49'E], <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.816666/lat 12.45)">Steroh Cave</a>, 17 February 2000, W. Wranik leg. (IBSP 35582); IRAN: Hormozgan: 1♂, Hormuz Island (27°02'42.0"N 56°29'35.0"E), 11 m, January 2014, A. Zamani &amp; A. Kazemi leg. (JAZM); 2♀, same locality and data as previous specimen (JAZM).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of S. arwa resemble those of S. kumonga and S. univittata Simon, 1882 (Brescovit &amp; Rheims 2000: figs 11–20) in having a double row of strong spines on the ventral face of femur I; males of S. arwa and S. univittata also possess a single row of prolateral spines on metatarsus III (Fig. 1D). They are distinguished from the latter species (and from the rest of the species occurring in the region) by having two parallel rows of small spines on femur IV (Fig. 1C), and by the palp with long embolus and large, trapezoid, hyaline, prolateral extension on the apical part of the embolus (Fig. 3G–H; Rheims et al. 2006: figs 7–8) (vs. embolus shorter and prolateral extension spade-shaped in S. kumonga, and prolateral extension sclerotized, short and rounded in S. univittata). Females differ from S. kumonga and S. univittata in having bean-shaped spermathecae with U-shaped ducts (vs. tubular with straight ducts in S. kumonga and small and rounded in S. univittata) and posterior plate straight with pair of slender, sclerotized lateral areas (vs. shorter and rounded lateral areas in S. univittata and S. kumonga) (Fig. 3J; Rheims et al. 2006: fig. 14).</p> <p>Synonymy. Rheims et al. (2006) described S. arwa based on a single male collected in the vicinities of Hajjah, northwestern Yemen, and S. makeda based on two female specimens collected in Manakhah, western Yemen, and Qarhat Mu’ammar, eastern Oman. The authors considered the distance between collecting sites, as well as differences in size and color pattern (Fig. 3A–B) as evidence of them belonging to different species. Nevertheless, sexually dimorphic color patterns are observed in several other Scytodidae species (e.g. Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837 and Dictis striatipes L. Koch, 1872), and Zamani (2014) reported males and females of these species, clearly within the same size range (Fig. 2A–C), collected only a few meters apart in Hormuz Island in the Persian Gulf. Thus, based on the above mentioned facts, we consider S. makeda syn. n. to be a junior synonym of S. arwa.</p> <p>Description. See Rheims et al. 2006: 163 (♂, S. arwa) and 164 (♀, S. makeda).</p> <p>Distribution. Yemen, Oman and southern Iran (Fig. 14).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF8BFFA415A59093AA5A928A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF8FFFA615A595A5A82C94FB.text	870687D7FF8FFFA615A595A5A82C94FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scytodes kumonga Zamani & Marusik 2020	<div><p>Scytodes kumonga Zamani &amp; Marusik, 2020</p> <p>Figs 4A–E, 5A–F, 6A–C, 7 A–E</p> <p>Scytodes univittata: Zamani, 2014: 43 (misidentified ♀ from IRAN, Bushehr Province [erroneously referred to as Fars], Kangan, deposited in JAZM, examined).</p> <p>Scytodes kumonga Zamani &amp; Marusik, 2020: 124, figs 4A–H (♀ holotype from IRAN, Hormozgan Province, 75 km N Bandar Abbas, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.633335/lat 27.55)">Siahu</a>, [27°33'N 55°38'E], 31 January 2020, A. Zamani leg., deposited in MHNG, examined).</p> <p>Additional material examined. IRAN: Hormozgan: 1♀, 2 subadult ♂, 28 km northwest of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=56.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 56.066666/lat 27.383333)">Bandar Abbas</a> [27°23'N 56°04'E], 28 March 1972, K. Bilek leg. (NHMW). OMAN: Ad Dakhliyah: 4♀, 2♂, Al Hamra, Wilayat, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=57.194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.2385" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 57.194/lat 23.2385)">Jebel Shams Mountains</a> (23°14'18.6"N 57°11'38.4"E), 1900 m, October 2017, M. Stockmann leg. (MACN-Ar 41839–41).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of S. kumonga resemble those of S. arwa (Figs 2A–C, 3A–J) and S. univittata (Brescovit &amp; Rheims 2000: figs 11–20) in having a double row of strong spines on the ventral face of femur I (Fig. 1B). They differ from S. arwa in lacking spines on metatarsus III and femur IV (vs. present in S. arwa) and from S. arwa and S. univittata by the palp with pear-shaped, distally tapering, shorter embolus (Fig. 5A–D) and spade-shaped prolateral extension at tip (Fig. 5E) (vs. embolus longer, prolateral extension trapezoid in S. arwa and small and rounded in S. univittata). Females differ from S. arwa and S. univittata in having tubular spermathecae, with straight ducts (Fig. 6B–C, Zamani &amp; Marusik 2020: fig. 4G–I) (vs. bean-shaped with U-shaped ducts in S. arwa, and small, rounded with U-shaped ducts in S. univittata) and posterior plate rounded with strongly sclerotized lateral areas (Fig. 6A–B, Zamani &amp; Marusik 2020: fig. 4G–H) (vs. straight with slender sclerotized lateral areas in S. arwa and rounded, with weakly sclerotized lateral areas in S. univittata).</p> <p>Description. Male (MACN-Ar 41841). Habitus as in Figs 4A‒C, 7A‒C, E. Coloration as in female (Zamani &amp; Marusik 2020: fig. 4A–E). Legs with raised, spine-like setal bases on ventral face of femur I (two rows of 8–9) and femur III (a patch of 22 on prolateral face) (Fig. 4E). Chelicerae with modified, hook-like cheliceral lamina (Fig. 4D). Total length 8.43, carapace length 4.63, width 3.82, abdomen length 3.91, width 3.07. Eye diameters and interdistances: PME 0.18, ALE 0.20, PLE 0.18, PME‒ALE 0.35. Sternum length (excluding labium) 2.44, width 1.80. Palp: femur length 1.14, height 0.43, tibia length 0.67, height 0.42, tarsus length 1.12. Measurements of legs: I: 32.54 (8.50, 1.24, 9.00, 12.70, 1.10), II: 25.28 (7.04, 1.22, 7.35, 8.82, 0.85), III: 19.32 (5.44, 1.20, 5.41, 6.51, 0.76), IV: 25.31 (6.99, 1.19, 7.55, 8.54, 1.04). Palp as in Fig. 5A‒E; cymbium with two apical macrosetae; bulb pear-shaped distally tapering; embolus with spade-shaped prolateral extension and subtriangular tip.</p> <p>Female. See Zamani &amp; Marusik (2020).</p> <p>Distribution. Known from Iran and herein recorded for the first time from Oman (Fig. 14). Most likely occurs in the United Arab Emirates as well (see “Note”).</p> <p>Natural history. In Oman, adult gravid females were found under rocks in their loose webs in October. The habitat is a dry rocky slope with loose vegetation. Temperature varies from 0°C in winter to 35°C in summer and scarce rainfall is concentrated from autumn to spring. Females carry their egg-sacs until they hatch, ~4 weeks after oviposition; clutch sizes vary between 18 and 24 spiderlings. Juveniles take less than one year to reach maturity. Females that mate in autumn will produce an egg-sac in spring, after diapause, while females mated in summer or spring will produce an egg-sac after two months. These observations suggest an annual life cycle. Mated females may produce 2–3 egg-sacs, and live for a year after that; they may mate again, but egg-sacs from this second mating are mostly unfruitful, producing few or no spiderlings. Adult males refuse to eat and live only for 2–3 months after maturity. During copulation, they insert both palps in the female genitalia (Fig. 7E); this is a putative synapomorphy of Synspermiata, previously recorded for Scytodidae in S. velutina Heineken &amp; Lowe, in Lowe, 1832 and S. thoracica (Latreille, 1802) (see Huber 1998). Sexual cannibalism has been observed both before and after copulation.</p> <p>Note. Feulner &amp; Roobas (2015) provided a habitus photo of a female Scytodes specimen from the United Arab Emirates, and mentioned that they have encountered this species twice in Wadi Wurayah National Park and once at Jebel Fayah. The depicted specimen shows the characteristic coloration pattern for this species and suggests that it might occur in this country as well. However, these specimens would have to be examined in order to confirm their identification.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF8FFFA615A595A5A82C94FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF8EFFA915A595A5A89C92F2.text	870687D7FF8EFFA915A595A5A89C92F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dictis L. Koch 1872	<div><p>Genus Dictis L. Koch, 1872</p> <p>Dictis L. Koch, 1872: 294 (type species Dictis striatipes L. Koch, 1872, by original designation and monotypy).</p> <p>Soeuria Saaristo, 1997: 55 (type species Soeuria soeur Saaristo 1997, by original designation and monotypy). Syn. n.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Species of the genus Dictis differ from those of Scytodes in having only two tarsal claws (Figs 1E–F, 11E–F) (vs. three in Scytodes).</p> <p>Synonymy. The synonymy of Soeuria and Dictis is based on the comparison of type and non-type material of S. soeur, with the type species of Dictis, D. striatipes. All examined material have only two tarsal claws, considered diagnostic for the genus. Males of both species have very similar palps with embolus bearing subdistal prolateral pick and a retrolateral hyaline membrane (Figs 8F–G; 11G–K) and females show the typical vulva of Dictis with outer spermathecae on long stalks and inner spermathecae shorter and cylindrical (Figs 9A, C; 12B–D).</p> <p>Composition. Dictis soeur (Saaristo, 1997) comb. n., D. elongata Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop, 2010, and D. striatipes L. Koch, 1872.</p> <p>Distribution. Pantropical (Figs 15, 16).</p> <p>Notes. At least three species from Thailand and one from Malaysia were considered new by Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop (2010). Nevertheless, because they are known from only one sex, they were illustrated and only provisionally described using “open nomenclature” (species A, B, and C). We did not examine this material, but since these species were not formally named and no type material was established, they are not considered valid and within the genus composition. Furthermore, a single female specimen collected in Coetivy, Seychelles was identified by Saaristo (1997) as “ Dictis sp. ”; although we examined this specimen and noticed its considerably larger size in comparison to the rest of the material studied, the absence of males does not allow us to make further taxonomic decisions.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF8EFFA915A595A5A89C92F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF83FFAD15A593DCAD2D9146.text	870687D7FF83FFAD15A593DCAD2D9146.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dictis soeur (Saaristo 1997) Zamani & Stockmann & Magalhaes & Rheims 2022	<div><p>Dictis soeur (Saaristo, 1997) comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 8A–G, 9A–C</p> <p>Soeuria soeur Saaristo, 1997: 55, figs 18‒19 (♀ holotype from SEYCHELLES, Petit Soeur [04°17'S, 55°52'E], 24 April 1975, M. Muhlenberg leg., deposited in RMCA_ARA_177156, examined); Saaristo 2010: 207, figs 28.20‒23.</p> <p>Additional material examined. SEYCHELLES: 1♂, 1♀, 1juv., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.154" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.161/lat 2.154)">Alphonse</a> [7°00'S 52°43'E], 8‒9 April 2001, J. Gerlach leg. (ZMUT AA2.154, 2.161); 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.7166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.2/lat -3.7166667)">Bird Island</a> [3°43'S 55°12'E], pitfall, 25 March 2000, BirdLife team leg. (ZMUT AA1.744); 14juv., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.142/lat 1.139)">Cousine Island</a> [4°21'S 55°38'E], 23‒25 January 1999, M. Saaristo leg. (ZMUT AA1.139‒1.142); 1♂, 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.666668/lat -3.8)">Denis Island</a> [3°48'S 55°40'E], sweeping, October 1999, BirdLife team leg. (ZMUT AA1.738); 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, sweeping, April 2000, BirdLife team leg. (ZMUT AA2.070); 2juv., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.072&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.071" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.072/lat 2.071)">Marianne Island</a> [4°20'S 55°55'E], sweeping, 23 October 1999, BirdLife team leg. (ZMUT AA2.071‒2.072); 10juv., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.483333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.233334/lat -4.483333)">Silhouette Island</a> [4°29'S 55°14'E], December 1993, J. Gerlach leg. (ZMUT AA1.143); 3♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.138&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.138/lat 1.136)">Praslin Island</a>, Anse Cimitiere [4°29'S 55°15'E], 17‒18 January 1999, M. Saaristo leg. (ZMUT AA1.136‒1.138); 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.483333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.25/lat -4.483333)">Silhouette Island</a>, Anse Lascars [4°29'S 55°15'E], 12 January 1999, J. Gerlach leg. (ZMUT AA1.135); 3♂, 2♀, 23juv., same locality as previous specimen, 7 January 1999, M. Saaristo leg. (ZMUT AA1.133‒1.134); 2♂, 1♀, 7juv., no specific locality, 12‒22 January 1999, M. Saaristo leg. (ZMUT AA1.129‒1.132).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of D. soeur resemble those of D. striatipes (Fig. 11G–K) by the palp with a subdistal prolateral pick and a retrolateral claw-like hyaline membrane. They differ from the latter species by the palpal tibia longer than patella (vs. subequal in D. striatipes), and by the embolus slightly constricted at base, subdistally curved with undulate tip (Fig. 8F–G) (vs. without constriction, mostly straight with gently curved tip in D. striatipes). Females are distinguished from all congeners by positioning ridges and postepigastric fovea separated from one another by almost seven times their width (Fig. 9A–C) (vs. four times or less in the other species).</p> <p>Description. See Saaristo (1997: 55) (♀) and Saaristo (2010: 207) (♂).</p> <p>Complementary description. Male (ZMUT): habitus as in Fig. 8D. Palp as in Fig. 8F, G; cymbium elongate, longer than tibia, with two apical macrosetae; bulb small, round. Female (RMCA_ARA_177156; ZMUT AA1.134): habitus as in Fig. 8A, C, E. Epigyne as in Fig. 9A–B: epigynal pouch three times wider than long; positioning ridges straight and narrow, slightly oblique; fovea triangular. Vulva as in Fig. 9B–C: dorsal receptacles separated from each other by four time their width; inner spermathecae ovoid on a long, slender stalk; outer spermathecae arm-shaped, three times longer than wide.</p> <p>Distribution. Known from the islands of Alphonse, Bird, Cousine, Denis, Marianne, Petite Soeur and Silhouette, Seychelles (Saaristo 2010) (Fig. 15).</p> <p>Note. Soeuria soeur was described based on a single female specimen collected in Petit Soeur, Seychelles, with “reduced copulatory pockets [fovea] represented by small, squamous areas” considered as diagnostic characters by Saaristo (1997). Subsequently, Saaristo (2010) reported more material of this species and described the male. We examined the same material studied by Saaristo (2010), all of which have only two tarsal claws. Although Saaristo himself identified this material as S. soeur, none of the females (including the holotype) show the reduced fovea depicted by Saaristo (1997), and they all have the typical vulva of Dictis. It seems that the poorly sclerotized fovea in the holotype specimen designated by Saaristo caused this mistake. Strangely, in the emended diagnosis provided by Saaristo (2010), this species is mentioned as “ D. soeur ”; perhaps with the discovery of the male and additional female specimens, Saaristo was going to transfer the species to Dictis, but this did not happen since this paper was published two years after his death and with the assistance of other arachnologists.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF83FFAD15A593DCAD2D9146	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF84FFB115A597BDABD992A9.text	870687D7FF84FFB115A597BDABD992A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dictis striatipes L. Koch. A 1872	<div><p>Dictis striatipes L. Koch, 1872</p> <p>Figs 10A–C, 11A–K, 12A–D</p> <p>Dictis striatipes L. Koch,1872:294,pl.24,f.5(♀ lectotype (ZMH-2298)and juvenile paralectotype (ZMH-A0015358) L.K. M.G. 6536 [here designated], SAMOA ARCHIPELAGO, Upolu [13°55'S 171°45'W]; examined).</p> <p>Dictis lugubris Thorell, 1887: 86 (♀ holotype from MYANMAR, deposited in MSNG, not examined). Syn. n.</p> <p>Scytodes bilqis Rheims, Brescovit &amp; van Harten, 2006: 161, f. 1‒5 (♂ holotype from YEMEN, Al Mahwit, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.183333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.416668/lat 15.183333)">Khamis Bani Sa’ad</a> [15°11'N 43°25'E], 550 m, 28 March 2000, A. van Harten leg., deposited in IBSP 35559, examined. Paratypes: 1♀, same locality as holotype, 28 March 2000, A. van Harten leg. (IBSP 35560; destroyed); 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.45/lat 14.883333)">Jebel Bura</a> [14°53'N 43°27'E], 1000 m, 7 December 1998, A. van Harten leg. (IBSP 35565; destroyed); 1♂, Socotra Archipelago, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.916668/lat 12.5)">Socotra Island</a> [12°30'N 53°55'E], 13 March 1999, A. Sallam &amp; A.R. Shamsam leg. (NHCY; temporarily IBSP 35568), examined). Syn. n.</p> <p>Dictis denticulata Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop, 2010: 126, figs 1, 3, 9, 17‒20, 47, 50, 52 (♂ holotype from THAILAND, Chaiyaphum, Tad Tone National Park, dry dipterocarp forest (15°59'02.2"N 102°02'06.2"E), 250 m, 26 September 2006, P. Dankittipakul leg., deposited in MHNG, not examined. Paratypes: Chaiyaphum, 1♂, 2♀, Tad Tone National Park, forest behind park headquarters (15°58'32.3"N 102°02'09.2"E), 280 m, pan trap, 10–11 July 2006, (MHNG); 1♂, ditto, pan trap, 5–8 November 2006 (MHNG); 1♀, ditto, Malaise trap, 19–26 July 2006 (MHNG); Loei, 1♂, Phu Ruea National Park, park headquarters (17°28'49.6"N 101°21'19.8"E), 860 m, pan traps, 5–6 July 2006 (MHNG); 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.57444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.622362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.57444/lat 16.622362)">Phu Kradueng National Park</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.57444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.622362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.57444/lat 16.622362)">Koke Hin Ngam</a> (16°51'49.0"N 101°50'42.2"E), 270 m, pan traps, 13–14 August 2006 (MHNG); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.57444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.622362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.57444/lat 16.622362)">Khonkaen</a>, 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.57444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.622362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.57444/lat 16.622362)">Nam Pong National Park</a>, office (16°37'20.5"N 102°34'28.0"E), 324 m, Malaise traps, 19–26 July 2006; Chaiyaphum, 1♂, Pa Hin Ngam National Park, Siamese tulip field (15°38'26.3"N 101°23'34.6"E), 780 m, pan trap, 7–8 July 2006 (MHNG); Sakon Nakhon, 1♂, 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.52097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.405055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.52097/lat 15.405055)">Phu Phan National Park</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.52097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.405055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.52097/lat 15.405055)">Huay Wien Prai Forest</a> Unit (17°06’48.6”N 104°00’19.1”E), 318 m, Malaise trap, 21–27 August 2006 (TNHM); 2♀, ditto, Malaise trap 15–30 September 2006 (TNHM); 2♀, ditto, Malaise trap, 21–27 August 2006 (TNHM); 1♀, park headquarters (17°03'31.3"N 103°58'27.0"E), 320 m, pan trap, 9 July–7 August 2006 (TNHM); Sakon Nakhon, 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.52097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.405055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.52097/lat 15.405055)">Phu Pha Yon National Park</a>, reservoir (16°55'39.3"N 104°10'39.5"E), 280 m, Malaise trap, 23–29 July 2006 (MHNG); 1♀, deciduous dipterocarp forest (16°55'26.9"N 104°10'45.4"E), 295 m, Malaise trap, 23–29 July 2006 (MHNG); 1♀, ditto, Malaise trap, 17–23 July 2006 (MHNG); Ubon Ratchathani, 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.52097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.405055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.52097/lat 15.405055)">Pha Taem National Park</a> (15°24'18.2"N 105°31'15.5"E), 230 m, Malaise trap, 5–12 August 2006 (MHNG); 1♀, ditto, Malaise trap, 5–20 September 2006 (MHNG); 1♀, ditto, Malaise trap, 15 August 2006 (MHNG), all P. Dankittipakul leg., not examined). Syn. n.</p> <p>Dictis ganeshi Keswani, 2015: 1, f. 1–5 (♂ holotype from INDIA Maharashtra, Jalgaon, banana agro-ecosystems near Raver, 21°15'00.0"N 76°01'48.0"E, 21‒25 December 2012, S. Keswani leg., deposited in Arachnology Museum, Forest Training Institute, Chikhaldara, Maharashtra, India, not examined). Syn. n.</p> <p>Dictis mumbaiensis Ahmed, Satam, Khalap &amp; Mohan, 2015: 60, f. 1–6 (♀ holotype from INDIA, Maharashtra, Mumbai, Aarey Milk Colony, 19°08'54.6"N 72°52'54.5"E, 7 May 2015, J. Ahmed &amp; Y. Satam leg., deposited in BNHS, not examined. Paratype: 1♀, same locality as holotype, 23 April 2015, same data as holotype, J. Ahmed &amp; Y. Satam leg. (BNHS), not examined). Syn. n.</p> <p>Additional material examined. IRAN: Hormozgan: 6♂, 1♀, 3juv., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=56.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 56.016666/lat 27.45)">Geno</a>, 38 km NW of Bandar Abbas [27°27'N 56°01'E], 3 April 1972, K. Bilek leg. (NHMW). UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Dubai: 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.400223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.129694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.400223/lat 25.129694)">Dubai</a> (25°07'46.9"N 55°24'00.8"E), 5 August 2021, P. Van Andel leg. (ZMUT). YEMEN: Al Mahwit: 1♂, 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.183333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.416668/lat 15.183333)">Khamis Bani Sa’ad</a> [15°11'N 43°25'E], 550 m, 9 July 1999, A. van Harten leg. (IBSP 35564); 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 23 June 1999, A. van Harten leg. (IBSP 35561); Al Hudaydah: 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.316666/lat 15.1)">10 km NE Bajil</a>, [15°06'N 43°19'E], 250 m, 6 December 1998, A. van Harten leg. (IBSP 35566); 1♀, at-Tuhayta [14°11'N 43°13'E], 50 m, 4 December 1997, A. van Harten leg. (IBSP 35583); Taʿizz: 1♀ <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.616665/lat 13.366667)">Mafraq</a> [13°22'N 43°37'E], 450 m, 13 July 1999, A. van Harten leg. (IBSP 35567); Lahij: 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.283334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.25/lat 13.283334)">Wadi</a> bana [13°17'N 45°15'E], 100 m, 16 January 2001, A. van Harten leg. (IBSP 35569).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of D. striatipes resemble those of D. soeur comb. n. by the palp with a subdistal prolateral pick and a retrolateral claw-like hyaline membrane. It differs from the latter species by the palpal tibia subequal in length to patella (vs. longer in D. soeur), by the embolus not constricted at base, and undulated at tip (vs. with constriction at base and gently curved at tip in D. soeur). Females are distinguished from D. soeur comb. n. by the positioning ridges and postepigastric fovea separated from each other by four times their width (vs. seven times in D. soeur comb. n.) and from D. elongata by the outer spermathecae smaller than the inner spermathecae (vs. larger in D. elongata) (Fig. 12A–D).</p> <p>Synonymies. The synonymy of D. striatipes with S. bilqis is based on the comparison between the type specimens. In the original description of S. bilqis, Rheims et al. (2006) overlooked the inner spermathecae and their stalks (Rheims et al. 2006: fig. 5), and mistakenly considered the sclerotized border of the median receptacles as copulatory ducts. Material previously cited by Rheims et al. (2006) was re-examined and the presence of these spermathecae was confirmed (see Fig. 12B).</p> <p>The synonymies of D. denticulata Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop, 2010, D. ganeshi Keswani, 2015 and D. mumbaiensis Ahmed, Satam, Khalap &amp; Mohan, 2015 with D. striatipes are all based on the comparison between the type specimens and the illustrations available in literature. In case of D. denticulata, the synonymy is on the basis of the palp of the male holotype which is identical to that of D. striatipes (cf. Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop 2010: figs 18, 19 and Fig. 11J, K); the illustrated females, however, appear to be mismatched and could belong to another species. The figures available for D. ganeshi (Keswani 2015: figs 1–5) and D. mumbaiensis (Ahmed et al. 2015: figs 1–6) are not satisfactory; however, the morphology of copulatory organs, coloration pattern of males and females and overall somatic characters are consistent with those of D. striatipes and corroborate the synonymies.</p> <p>The synonymy of D. lugubris Thorell, 1887 is based on the comparison of available figures (Lessert 1939: figs 19–22; Brignoli 1976: figs 105, 111, 114–115; Rheims et al. 2007: figs 20–22, 90–93; Caleb 2020: figs 20A–D, 29M) and material from Mexico, previously studied by Rheims et al. (2007).</p> <p>Description. See Rheims et al. (2006: 161) and Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop (2010: 126).</p> <p>Complementary description. Male (IBSP 35561, NHMW): habitus as in Fig. 11A, C. Palp as in Fig. 11G– K; cymbium elongate, longer than tibia, with two apical macrosetae; bulb small, round. Female (IBSP 35561, NHMW): habitus as in Fig. 11B–D. Epigyne as in Fig. 12A–B: epigynal pouch slightly more than three times wider than long; positioning ridges straight and narrow, slightly oblique; fovea rounded. Vulva as in Fig. 12C–D: dorsal receptacles separated from each other by four time their width; inner spermathecae ovoid on a long, slender stalk; outer spermathecae arm-shaped, two times longer than wide.</p> <p>Distribution. This species has one of the widest ranges in the whole family, known from southern United States, Mexico, Hawaii, southern Iran, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, western India, northeastern China to Australia and French Polynesia, Korea and Japan (Fig. 16).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF84FFB115A597BDABD992A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF98FFB115A59758AD159726.text	870687D7FF98FFB115A59758AD159726.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dictis thailandica L. Koch 1872	<div><p>“ Dictis ” thailandica Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop, 2010</p> <p>Dictis thailandica Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop, 2010: 130, figs 28–30, 38–41, 48–49 (♂ holotype from THAILAND, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Khao Nan <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.57444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.622362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.57444/lat 16.622362)">National Park</a> [8°46'N 99°48'E], 25 February 2006, P. Dankittipakul leg., deposited in MHNG, not examined; Paratypes: 2♂, 2♀ with the same data as holotype, deposited in MHNG, TNHM; 1♀ from THAILAND, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.57444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.622362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.57444/lat 16.622362)">Khonkaen</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.57444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.622362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.57444/lat 16.622362)">Nam Pong National Park</a>, forest near headquarters (16°37'20.5"N 102°34'28.0"E), 325 m., 19–26 July 2006, P. Dankittipakul leg., deposited in MHNG, not examined).</p> <p>Note. Based on the illustrations of male and female copulatory structures, it is probable that D. thailandica is misplaced in Dictis and should be transferred to a new genus when a more thorough revision of the family is carried out. Although Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop (2010) mention the presence of only two tarsal claws, the conformation of the copulatory organs is markedly different from the other species currently assigned to the genus. Male palps have a large globose bulb, as long as or slightly longer than the short, funnel-shaped embolus bearing a single needlelike subdistal projection (Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop 2010: figs 39–40, 48) and females have a very simple vulva lacking the inner spermathecae (Dankittipakul &amp; Singtripop 2010: figs 28–30).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF98FFB115A59758AD159726	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF98FFB115A590D0AA339424.text	870687D7FF98FFB115A590D0AA339424.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scyloxes Dunin 1992	<div><p>Genus Scyloxes Dunin, 1992</p> <p>Scyloxes Dunin, 1992: 79 (type species: Scyloxes asiatica Dunin, 1992, by original designation and monotypy).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of Scyloxes can be distinguished from those of Stedocys by the palp with rounded bulb and embolus longer than bulb length (Fig. 13E–F) (vs. bulb pear-shaped and embolus shorter than bulb length in Stedocys). Females are distinguished by the presence of two pairs of spermathecae with long ducts (Fig. 13B, G) (vs. short ducts in Stedocys).</p> <p>Composition. Scyloxes asiatica Dunin, 1992, Scyloxes magna (Bristowe, 1952) comb. n., and S. zhaoi (Wu &amp; Li, 2017) comb. n.</p> <p>Distribution. Tajikistan, Thailand, Malaysia (Fig. 17).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF98FFB115A590D0AA339424	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF98FFB115A59196AB8F96EC.text	870687D7FF98FFB115A59196AB8F96EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scyloxinae Zamani, Magalhaes & Rheims 2022	<div><p>Subfamily Scyloxinae Zamani, Magalhaes &amp; Rheims, subfam. n.</p> <p>Type genus. Scyloxes Dunin, 1992.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of Scyloxinae subfam. n. differ from those of Scytodinae by the palp with a short cymbium, without a digitiform extension (Fig. 13E–F) (vs. long, with digitiform extension in Scytodinae). Females differ by the absence of epigynal fovea and positioning ridges (Fig. 13G–H) (vs. present in Scytodinae).</p> <p>Included genera. Scyloxes and Stedocys.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF98FFB115A59196AB8F96EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF9BFFB415A595A5AB269382.text	870687D7FF9BFFB415A595A5AB269382.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scyloxes magna (Bristowe 1952) Zamani & Stockmann & Magalhaes & Rheims 2022	<div><p>Scyloxes magna (Bristowe, 1952) comb. n.</p> <p>Fig. 13A–B</p> <p>Scytodes magnus Bristowe, 1952: 703, figs 9–10 (one ♂ and several ♀ syntypes from MALAYSIA, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.2383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.683334/lat 3.2383335)">Batu Caves</a> [3°14'18.0"N 101°41'00.0"E], November 1930 – January 1931, W.S. Bristowe leg., should be deposited in MNHN, not examined).</p> <p>Scytodes magna: Brignoli 1976: 159, fig. 55 (♀).</p> <p>Additional material examined. MALAYSIA: Selangor: 2♀, 1juv., surroundings of Kuala Lumpur, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.2383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.683334/lat 3.2383335)">Batu Caves</a> [3°14'18.0"N 101°41'00.0"E], 24 July 1969, R. Pilet leg. (MHNG).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Scyloxes magna comb. n. resembles S. zhaoi comb. n. (Fig. 13C–H; Wu et al. 2017: figs 16A–F, 17A–E) by the male palp with long, distally coiled embolus and by the female vulva with two pairs of spermathecae on very long stalks. Males are distinguished from the latter species by the cymbium longer than wide, embolus lacking medial twist and gently arched before coil (Bristowe 1952: fig. 10) (vs. cymbium wider than long, embolus medially twisted and strongly arched before coil in S. zhaoi comb. n.). Females are distinguished by the epigyne with reduced sclerotized pre-epigastric fovea (well-developed in S. zhaoi comb. n.) and by the vulva with one pair of spermathecae tubular (Fig. 13B; Bristowe 1952: fig. 10) (vs. both pairs rounded in S. zhaoi comb. n.).</p> <p>Description. See Bristowe (1952: 703) and Brignoli (1976: 159).</p> <p>Complementary description. Female (MHNG): habitus as in Fig. 13A. Epigyne: sclerotized pre-epigastric fovea reduced to small bump, separated from each other by almost three times their width. Vulva as in Fig. 13B: outer spermathecae tubular, sinuous; inner spermathecae ovoid on long slightly convoluted stalk.</p> <p>Distribution. Malaysia (Fig. 17).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF9BFFB415A595A5AB269382	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
870687D7FF9DFFB415A59121AB2294D9.text	870687D7FF9DFFB415A59121AB2294D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scyloxes zhaoi (Wu & Li 2017) Zamani & Stockmann & Magalhaes & Rheims 2022	<div><p>Scyloxes zhaoi (Wu &amp; Li, 2017) comb. n.</p> <p>Fig. 13C–H</p> <p>Stedocys zhaoi Wu &amp; Li in Wu et al., 2017: 232, figs 16–17, 20C–D (♂ holotype from THAILAND, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.020035&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.203138" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.020035/lat 14.203138)">Sai Yok</a>, Wang Krachae Subdistrict, unnamed cave, (14°12'11.3"N 99°01'12.1"E), 185 m a.s.l., 1 October 2014, H. Zhao, Y. Li &amp; Z. Chen leg., deposited in IZCAS; 5♀ paratypes, same data as holotype, deposited in IZCAS, not examined).</p> <p>Additional material examined. THAILAND: Chumphon: 1♂ 2♀ Lang Suan district, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.03972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.819445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.03972/lat 9.819445)">Tham Khao Kriab</a> (09°49'10.0"N 99°02'23.0"E), 130 m, dark part of limestone cave, 16 December 2013, P. Schwendinger leg. (MHNG).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Scyloxes zhaoi comb. n. resembles S. magna comb. n. (Bristowe 1952: figs 9–10, Brignoli 1976: fig. 55) by the male palp with long, distally coiled embolus (Fig. 13E–F) and by the female vulva with two pairs of spermathecae on very long stalks (Fig. 13G–H;). Males are distinguished from the latter species by the cymbium wider than long, embolus medially twisted and strongly arched before coil (Fig. 13E–F; Wu et al. 2017: fig. 16A–F) (vs. cymbium longer than wide, embolus lacking medial twist and gently arched before coil in S. magna comb. n.). Females are distinguished by the epigyne with pair of sclerotized pre-epigastric fovea (absent in S. magna comb. n.) and by the vulva with two pairs of rounded spermathecae (Fig. 13G, Wu et al. 2017: fig. 17B) (vs. one pair rounded and one tubular in S. magna comb. n.).</p> <p>Description. See Wu et al. (2017: 232).</p> <p>Note. Specimens examined in this study show some variation, when compared to the type specimens depicted in the original description (for comparison see Wu et al. 2017: figs 16–17, 20C–D). Males have the embolus tip loop distally extended, while the type specimens have it almost flat, and females have the pre-epigastric plates closer to each other and extending laterally from the epigastric plate, farther apart and not extending laterally in the type specimens. However, we believe that a denser sampling is necessary to raise a new name for this population and consider these differences as intraspecific variations.</p> <p>Distribution. Thailand (Fig. 17).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870687D7FF9DFFB415A59121AB2294D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zamani, Alireza;Stockmann, Mark;Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.;Rheims, Cristina A.	Zamani, Alireza, Stockmann, Mark, Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Rheims, Cristina A. (2022): New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Zootaxa 5092 (2): 151-175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.1
