taxonID	type	description	language	source
F5C53A35629F5133BA89DEED488FD3D2.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6	en	Neira-Salamea, Karla, Doumbia, Joseph, Hillers, Annika, Sandberger-Loua, Laura, Kouame, N'Goran G., Brede, Christian, Schaefer, Marvin, Blackburn, David C., Barej, Michael F., Roedel, Mark-Oliver (2022): A new slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua Nieden, 1908) from the Fouta Djallon Highlands, west-central Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (1): 23-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692
F5C53A35629F5133BA89DEED488FD3D2.taxon	materials_examined	Additional referred material. For the description of the new species, we restrict the type series to the population from Konkoure Fetto. We do so because there may be additional undescribed diversity within the group identified as " C. alleni 1 b " by Blackburn et al. (2020). The vouchers from Hoere Binti, Pita and Chute de Ditinn, Dalaba (all from Fouta Djallon, Guinea) are, therefore, listed as additional referred material (see Table 2). Hoere Binti, Pita. ZMB 90301, ZMB 90304 (field and tissue #: CB 2010 - 055, CB 2010 - 061), adult females; ZMB 90302 (field and tissue #: CB 2010 - 056), adult male; ZMB 90177 (field and tissue #: CB 2010 - 057; GenBank # for 16 S: MT 669401), subadult; ZMB 90303 (field and tissue #: CB 2010 - 059), subadult, 10 ° 51 ' 04.8 " N, 12 ° 31 ' 14.1 " W, 657 m a. s. l.; 22 July 2010, collected by Christian Brede & Joseph Doumbia. Chute de Ditinn, Dalaba. ZMB 90305, ZMB 90307, ZMB 90309 (field and tissue #: CB 2010 082, CB 2010 089, CB 2010 091), adult males; ZMB 90306, ZMB 90308 (field and tissue #: CB 2010 088, CB 2010 090), adult females, 10 ° 49 ' 13.1 " N, 12 ° 11 ' 30.7 " W, 760 m a. s. l.; 24 July 2010, collected by Christian Brede & Joseph Doumbia.	en	Neira-Salamea, Karla, Doumbia, Joseph, Hillers, Annika, Sandberger-Loua, Laura, Kouame, N'Goran G., Brede, Christian, Schaefer, Marvin, Blackburn, David C., Barej, Michael F., Roedel, Mark-Oliver (2022): A new slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua Nieden, 1908) from the Fouta Djallon Highlands, west-central Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (1): 23-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692
F5C53A35629F5133BA89DEED488FD3D2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species resembles other members of the genus Conraua Nieden, 1908. Conraua kamancamarai sp. nov. is an aquatic frog with the following traits: smooth dorsal skin, covered with scattered small, rounded warts on back and longitudinal ridges on dorsal part of hind legs; venter skin smooth; three odontoid projections on lower jaw, one at symphysis and one to each side on dentary; vocal sacs absent; fully webbed feet, i. e. to end of last phalanx of toe. Conraua kamancamarai sp. nov. is closely related to a clade including C. alleni sensu stricto, C. derooi and C. sagyimase (see Blackburn et al. 2020). Genetic distances between the new species and all other Conraua species were higher than 6 % in the examined part of the 16 S gene. Conraua kamancamarai sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. goliath by a rounded snout (pointed in C. goliath), the absence of short dorsal skin ridges, a white venter with dark brown botches (yellow venter in C. goliath), the presence of a lateral line system, an indistinct tympanum, a wide tarsal fold and by having more than one subarticular tubercle on fingers (one in C. goliath). Conraua kamancamarai sp. nov. differs from C. crassipes by a white venter with dark brown blotches (uniform white or cream in C. crassipes), an indistinct tympanum, the presence of a lateral line system, by a conspicuous outer metatarsal tubercle (less conspicuous in C. crassipes) and by lacking a dermal fold near the elbow. Conraua kamancamarai sp. nov. differs from C. beccarii by the absence of a transverse fold behind the eyes and across the interorbital region, by lacking a swollen post-occipital and suprascapular region in adult males, by a white-coloured venter with dark brown blotches (no spots in C. beccarii) and by having a head that is as wide as long (wider than long in C. beccarii). Conraua kamancamarai sp. nov. differs from C. robusta by having a head that is as wide as long (wider than long in C. robusta), by having a U-shaped notched tongue-tip (tip of tongue rounded in C. robusta), by a white venter with dark brown blotches (uniformly white or with dark mottling in C. robusta) and the presence of a lateral line system. Conraua kamancamarai sp. nov. differs from C. alleni sensu stricto by having an undivided palmar tubercle, by having a white-coloured venter with dark brown blotches (uniform light or light with dark mottling in C. alleni), by a larger inner metatarsal tubercle, a wider tarsal fold and by the presence of webbing between fingers I and II. Conraua kamancamarai sp. nov. differs from C. derooi by having a more slender body and limbs, a slightly curved supratympanic fold (distinctly curved in C. derooi), two subarticular tubercles on finger III (one in C. derooi), by lacking a swollen postoccipital and suprascapular region in adult males, by the absence of a divided palmar tubercle, by a white venter with dark brown blotches (uniform whitish or with dark mottling in C. derooi) and by the presence of webbing between fingers I and II. Conraua kamancamarai sp. nov. differs from C. sagyimase by having narrower fingertips, a wider tarsal fold, by the absence of a divided palmar tubercle, by a white venter with dark brown blotches (uniform pale or with dark mottling in C. sagyimase) and by the presence of webbing between fingers I and II.	en	Neira-Salamea, Karla, Doumbia, Joseph, Hillers, Annika, Sandberger-Loua, Laura, Kouame, N'Goran G., Brede, Christian, Schaefer, Marvin, Blackburn, David C., Barej, Michael F., Roedel, Mark-Oliver (2022): A new slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua Nieden, 1908) from the Fouta Djallon Highlands, west-central Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (1): 23-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692
F5C53A35629F5133BA89DEED488FD3D2.taxon	description	Description of the holotype (Figs 2 - 5; measurements in mm). Adult female; slightly dorsoventrally flattened, short and rounded body; snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view, with upper lip slightly projecting forward; SVL 71.7; head width 23.7, approximately equal to head length 23.5; head length 33 % of SVL; snout length 7.0, 30 % of head length; eye-nostril distance 4.25; eye-snout distance 8.1; internarial distance 4.0, slightly larger than interorbital distance 5.2; nostrils protuberant, directed dorsolaterally, visible in lateral and dorsal view; large eyes, projecting laterally beyond margins of head in dorsal view; eyes projecting slightly above dorsal margin of head in lateral view; eye diameter 6.5, horizontal diameter of tympanum 4.3; upper eyelid width 3.8, 73 % of interorbital distance; eye-tympanum distance 3.9; tympanum indistinct; canthus rostralis distinct and rounded; loreal region concave; slightly curved supratympanic fold extending from posterior edge of eye to shoulder, joining the lateral fold; upper lip slightly protruding; premaxillary and maxillary teeth slender and pointed, three odontoid projections on lower jaw, one on at symphysis and one to each side on dentary; vomerine teeth pointed; about half of anterior tongue attached to floor of mouth, tongue-tip with U-shaped notch. Forelimbs robust; forearm length 12.4, 74 % of hand length 16.8; thenar and palmar tubercle oval and protruding, palmar tubercle larger than thenar tubercle; shape of fingers conical, wider at bases and narrower towards tips; finger tips rounded, non-expanded; one subarticular tubercle on fingers I and II; two subarticular tubercles on fingers III and IV; subarticular tubercles absent on base of fingers; relative length of fingers: III> IV> II ≈ I, length of finger III 9.8; fingers I and II webbed to first subarticular tubercle. Hind limbs moderately robust; crus length 33.3, 46 % of the SVL; foot including longest toe 44.8, 62 % of SVL; elongated, prominent oval inner metatarsal tubercle, more than twice as long (4.4) as wide (1.7); outer metatarsal tubercle absent; supernumerary plantar tubercles absent; subarticular basal tubercles absent; one subarticular tubercle on toes I and II; two subarticular tubercles on toes III and V, three subarticular tubercles on toe IV; toe tips rounded, forming small discs, as broad as subarticular tubercles; relative lengths of toes: VI> III> V> II> I; length of toe IV 29.3; webbing complete, i. e. to end of last phalanx of toe; dermal fringing on outer surfaces of toes I and V, forming lateral skin folds; wide tarsal fold. Skin texture on dorsal parts of head, body, flanks and limbs smooth with scattered, small, rounded warts; upper eyelid skin with many warts; inner surface of upper arm smooth; dorsal surface of crus with 12 rows of longitudinal ridges; ventral skin smooth, throat with longitudinal folds; a post-gular (thoracic) fold extending to level of forelimbs insertion; lateral line system with jugular line, upper lateral line, lower lateral line, median lateral line, caudal lateral line, infra-orbital line, supra-orbital line, mandibular lateral line and anterior lower lateral line (see Shelton 1970).	en	Neira-Salamea, Karla, Doumbia, Joseph, Hillers, Annika, Sandberger-Loua, Laura, Kouame, N'Goran G., Brede, Christian, Schaefer, Marvin, Blackburn, David C., Barej, Michael F., Roedel, Mark-Oliver (2022): A new slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua Nieden, 1908) from the Fouta Djallon Highlands, west-central Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (1): 23-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692
F5C53A35629F5133BA89DEED488FD3D2.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 8). So far, the known range of Conraua kamancamarai sp. nov. is restricted to the type locality at Konkoure Fetto and to two other sites, Hoere Binti and Chute de Ditinn. Although the species probably occurs in a few more rivers that have not yet been surveyed, the entire range almost certainly will not extend beyond the Fouta Djallon, where it is very likely patchily distributed.	en	Neira-Salamea, Karla, Doumbia, Joseph, Hillers, Annika, Sandberger-Loua, Laura, Kouame, N'Goran G., Brede, Christian, Schaefer, Marvin, Blackburn, David C., Barej, Michael F., Roedel, Mark-Oliver (2022): A new slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua Nieden, 1908) from the Fouta Djallon Highlands, west-central Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (1): 23-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692
F5C53A35629F5133BA89DEED488FD3D2.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology and habitat (Figs 9 and 10). The new species occupies fast-flowing rocky streams with waterfalls within riverine forest in mountainous areas in the Fouta Djallon, Guinea (Figs 9 and 10). Like other frogs of the genus, they are predominately nocturnal and aquatic. Despite their occurrence in fast flowing streams, adults show a preference for calmer river sections, where turbulent water is absent. Usually, frogs are encountered at least partly submerged in shallow water, facing the riverbanks. When outside of the water, they remain within jumping distance to water. Disturbed frogs seek shelter on the ground of pools, sometimes trying to burrow deeper into them and cover themselves with gravel or substrate (Fig. 11). This behaviour is similar to what Knoepffler (1985) described for Conraua crassipes. They call (whistle) with an open mouth, sitting in shallow water (Fig. 7; compare Amiet 1990). Mating has never been observed by the authors; however, single observations of clutches and jelly remnants of spawn indicate that oviposition sites are small puddles or depressions on the riverbanks near the spray water zone of cascades and waterfalls. Conraua tadpoles usually were observed in silted calm ponds where up to 50 tadpoles of about the same size have been encountered. If this and other species of the genus show breeding behaviour comparable to Conraua goliath (compare Schaefer et al. 2019), remains to be researched. The surroundings of the forest fragments where the species occurs are generally degraded by anthropogenic disturbance, particularly peanut and rice crops and cattle grazing. The type locality (Fig. 10) is located between Konkoure and the largest city within the Fouta Djallon, Mamou, within a relatively short distance to the connection road and was surveyed on 20 June 2011. Along the national route one (N 1), one of the largest roads connecting the East with the West of Guinea, houses are numerous, but already within a relatively short distance to the road, human presence may be considerably scarcer. Slopes are either covered by an open, short, dry forest with signs of cattle grazing and used for charcoal production (Fig. 10) or comparatively large fields for peanuts or rice crops. Only steep slopes surrounding rivers had sometimes larger trees and denser vegetation with higher humidity levels than the surroundings. The type locality is at a river within denser forest, with large boulders and some cascades, allowing for a diverse river site with fast and slow flowing parts and comparatively clear water (Fig. 10). These forests are not protected and were in the past burned by the population as protest against government decisions in Conakry. The classified forest (partly protected areas allowing forestry) of Hoere Binti is located within a mountainous area containing several freshwater sources. It was surveyed from 22 - 23 July 2010. Many fast-flowing streams with cascades have its source on the mountain. The habitat degradation due to anthropogenic alterations was dramatic and only very small forest fragments remained. The anthropogenic pressure consisted of cultivations / fields (mainly peanut and rice) and grazing cattle. Only streams were surrounded by some remaining larger trees. The Ditinn / Dalaba site was within a small fragment of gallery forest with a stream, next to the waterfall of Ditinn. It was surveyed from 24 - 25 July 2010. Although there is a small village next to the forest, only minor anthropogenic alterations were detectable.	en	Neira-Salamea, Karla, Doumbia, Joseph, Hillers, Annika, Sandberger-Loua, Laura, Kouame, N'Goran G., Brede, Christian, Schaefer, Marvin, Blackburn, David C., Barej, Michael F., Roedel, Mark-Oliver (2022): A new slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua Nieden, 1908) from the Fouta Djallon Highlands, west-central Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (1): 23-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692
F5C53A35629F5133BA89DEED488FD3D2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated to Kaman Camara (Fig. 12), our long-term field assistant and friend, who started working with MOR in 2002 on a survey to the Simandou Range that was organised by Conservation International (Roedel and Bangoura 2004). From 2007 until his recent death, Kaman was a member of our Guinean team, investigating the amphibians of the Nimba Mountains and other Guinean areas. Kaman had outstanding skills in detecting and catching frogs, and, more importantly, an unswerving positive attitude. A day could be completely exhausting and frustrating, but with a simple joke from Kaman all was good again! Kaman was born and lived in a remote village at the western foothills of the Simandou Range. He never received any formal education. Still, he repeatedly rejected other better paying job offers from mining companies, preferring instead to work with his frog team whenever it was possible. Kaman died in June 2020 after a short severe disease. These frogs shall be a permanent memory to an outstanding person! We suggest ' Kaman Camara's Slippery Frog' as the English common name, ' la grenouille glissante de Kaman Camara' in French and in the local language Poular: ' Toti bhowroundi de Kaman Camara'.	en	Neira-Salamea, Karla, Doumbia, Joseph, Hillers, Annika, Sandberger-Loua, Laura, Kouame, N'Goran G., Brede, Christian, Schaefer, Marvin, Blackburn, David C., Barej, Michael F., Roedel, Mark-Oliver (2022): A new slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua Nieden, 1908) from the Fouta Djallon Highlands, west-central Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (1): 23-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76692
