taxonID	type	description	language	source
9F4C617C4924FF8BC6B6F9EFFD69F900.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Entesia tarsata Oldroyd, 1968: 378, by original designation.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4924FF8BC6B6F9EFFD69F900.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, slender, yellow to brown flies; antenna shorter than, or subequal to head length; scape subequal to flagellum length, usually narrow and cylindrical; parafacial setae absent; male sometimes with additional macrosetae scattered on occiput; palpus slender; cervical sclerite sometimes with one or more macrosetae on lateral lobe; prosternum medial pile present or absent; 1 or 2 pairs of scutellar macrosetae; wing cell m 3 open; hind femur with subapical anteroventral macroseta (rarely absent); male abdominal sternite 8 with paired secondary sclerites along posterior margin.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4924FF8BC6B6F9EFFD69F900.taxon	description	Redescription. Head. Dimensions in profile higher than long, to subequal; antennae positioned on lower half of head and directed anteriorly, usually shorter than head (rarely same length); flagellum cone-shaped to cylindrical, slightly tapered distally, subequal to or shorter than combined scape and pedicel length; scape cylindrical, length usually less than 3 x pedicel length (rarely longer), slightly wider than other segments and with macrosetae variable; frons flat, grey or brown pubescent, sometimes with setae; male frons width (at narrowest point) variable, ranging from eyes being contiguous to width equal to ocellar tubercle; parafacial without setae; face flat; gena rounded; mouthparts short, palpus slender; male postocular macrosetae length variable, sometimes elongate and recurved; male occiput sometimes with additional macrosetae scattered medially. Thorax. Medial furrow of prosternum with or without setae; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite sometimes with one or more macrosetae; pleuron overlain with dense silver, brown or grey pubescence; metanepisternum without setae; scutum with filiform setae, often of variable length; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs of macrosetae): notopleural (np): 3 – 6; supra alar (sa), 1; post alar (pa), 1; dorsocentral (dc), 2 – 6; scutellar (sc) 1 – 2; wing infuscation and markings variable, including hyaline, dark along wing veins to uniformly smoky infuscate, sometimes opaque white with brown mottled pattern; wing membrane uniformly covered with microtrichia; vein R 2 + 3 shape a gradual sigmoid curve; vein R 1 with setae absent; cell m 3 open, veins M 3 and M 4 separate to margin; posterior surfaces of mid- and hind coxae usually without setae; hind coxal knob present; femoral velutum patches absent; macrosetae absent on fore- and midfemora, hind femur with anteroventral (av) seta usually present subapically; leg length variable, femora and tibiae approximately equal in length across all legs, hind leg sometimes distinctly longer and thicker than fore and mid legs. Abdomen. Shape in basal half distinctly tapered from base; tergite 2 usually with a concentrated patch of shortened setae posteromedially. Terminalia. Male gonocoxites with velutum patches absent, halves separate medially, rarely fused, posterior outer gonocoxal process well developed; inner gonocoxal process well developed and articulated; ventral lobe usually at least half length of gonostylus; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath ‘ T’ - shaped or triangular, distiphallus shape variable, ventral apodeme forked. Female with spermathecal sac as a single lobe with three spermathecae joining common spermathecal sac duct close to bursa (Fig. 30); sternite 8 emarginate posteromedially; acanthophorite macrosetae with two sets A 1 enlarged; tergite 8 elongate with broad anteromedial process. Included species. Entesia blackmani (Oldroyd, 1968), E. delicata sp. n., E. dolichochele sp. n., E. glauca sp. n., E. guttata sp. n., E. hyalina sp. n., E. lurida sp. n., E. maculicornis (Jaennicke, 1867) (= Psilocephala leptiformis Kröber, 1928 a syn. n.), E. notabilis (Macquart, 1841 a) (= Psilocephala fuzi Kröber, 1928 a syn. n.), E. pallidiventris (Malloch, 1932), E. pallidiventroides sp. n., E. penai sp. n., E. rubida (Wulp, 1888) (= Entesia tarsata Oldroyd, 1968 syn. n.), E. rubidaster sp. n. and E. tessera sp. n. Several undescribed species are known in collections but are not described herein as they are damaged specimens.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4924FF8BC6B6F9EFFD69F900.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South America: Argentina, Chile.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4924FF8BC6B6F9EFFD69F900.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia was erected for E. tarsata and diagnosed by the slender appearance, pale colouration and the long and swollen basitarsus of the hind leg. The characters that separate Entesia and Melanothereva overlap considerably, with numerous species exhibiting characters diagnostic of both genera, as well as intermediate states. A good example of the composite nature of species in both these genera is E. blackmani, which was originally described by Oldroyd (1968) in Melanothereva in the same paper he described Entesia. Moreover, in footnotes, Malloch (1932: 249 – 250) quoted contemporaneous annotations by F. W. Edwards on specimens in the Bigot collection, which were determined as E. notabilis but noting their striking similarity to Melanothereva in all but colouration. Three synonyms are identified here, including E. rubida (Wulp, 1888) (= Entesia tarsata Oldroyd, 1968 syn. n.), E. notabilis (Macquart, 1841 a) (= Psilocephala fuzi Kröber, 1928 a syn. n.) and E. maculicornis (Jaennicke, 1867) (= Psilocephala leptiformis Kröber, 1928 a syn. n.).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4926FF8AC6B6F95BFD04F8D5.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 3 A; 12 A, B; 49)	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4926FF8AC6B6F95BFD04F8D5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Moderate-sized, pilose species; male frons narrower than anterior ocellus, eyes not contiguous; male with macrosetae scattered on occiput in addition to row of elongate postocular macrosetae, postocular macrosetae row black, occipital macrosetae yellowish; prosternum with medial pile present; two pairs scutellar macrosetae; numerous large macrosetae on forecoxa; scape relatively short, slightly longer and thicker than flagellum; scutum punctate with black setal bases; posterior surface of mid coxa and medial furrow of prosternum with setae present; sternite 1 without medial setal tuft.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4926FF8AC6B6F95BFD04F8D5.taxon	description	Redescription. Body length. 9.5 – 10.0 mm (male), 10.0 – 11.5 mm (female). Head. Frontal pubescence yellow to grey with dark brown markings, frons flat, patch of short, dark setae above antenna (male), sparse short setae widely distributed (female), male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but eyes not contiguous; genal setae pale; male postocular ridge with single row of black setae and additional paler macrosetae irregularly arranged medially on occiput, occipital pubescence grey; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, brown, overlain with grey pubescence, densely covered with large, dark setae; flagellum orange-yellow, terminus dark. Thorax. Scutum pubescent grey with dark brown suffusion, extensive scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly, punctate with dark brown setal bases; macrosetae black; scutellum grey pubescent, similarly punctate with dark setal bases; pleuron with dense silver-grey pubescence; prosternum with setae in medial furrow; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with a single black macroseta; pleural vestiture as sparse, white setae on anepisternum and dorsal 1 / 2 of katepisternum, katatergite setae white, anepisternum brownish in dorsal half; scutal chaetotaxy: np, 3 – 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4; sc, 2; coxae yellow, overlain with dense silver-grey pubescence admixed with setae white, macrosetae numerous, strong, black; mid- and hind coxa with setae on posterior surface (Fig. 3 A); femora dark yellow with apices brown, vestiture as uniform short dark setae; hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with brown apices; wing uniformly faint infuscate, venation dark, costal margin setae scattered, not in rows; haltere dark yellow. Abdomen. Sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae; abdomen base colour dark yellow, dark brown medially on tergites; vestiture mostly dark setae, elongate laterally, male abdomen without silver velutum on tergites; abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially, terminalia dark yellow. Male terminalia. Gonocoxite with extensive large black macrosetae, longer posterolaterally; epandrium broadly rounded; outer gonocoxal process relatively short, truncated; inner gonocoxal process with tuft of strong dark setae apically; ejaculatory apodeme slightly spatulate anteriorly; lateral ejaculatory apodeme relatively small. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4926FF8AC6B6F95BFD04F8D5.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia blackmani was originally described in Melanothereva based on the abundant strong macrosetae on the forecoxa and was subsequently transferred to Entesia by Webb et al. (2013). Examination of the type reveals a dark appearance due to oils from the body and the actual cuticle colouration is much lighter (e. g., Fig. 1). Indeed Entesia was described in the same paper by Oldroyd (1968) based on the lighter (unblemished) and more slender species E. rubida (as E. tarsata). The confusion over the generic placement of E. blackmani highlights the close morphological similarity of Entesia and Melanothereva. Entesia blackmani is the only species in the genus with setae on the posterior surfaces of the mid- and hind coxae.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4926FF8AC6B6F95BFD04F8D5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires Province: F. Chacabuco [- 34.6481, - 60.4745], 28. II. 1966 (reared) (NHM) [examined]. Paratypes. ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires Province: 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype (NHM) [examined]. Other material examined — ARGENTINA: Neuquén Province: 1 male, Lanin National Park, Pucara [- 40.1564, - 71.3638], X. 1952 – III. 1953, Scharov (MEI 154226; MLIT); 1 female, Rio Caleufú, 20 mi. W Collon-Curá R. [- 40.5012, - 71.1751], 9 – 14. III. 1987, W. W. Middlekauff (MEI 154248; CASC). Rio Negro Province: 1 male, Pilcaniyeu [- 41.1362, - 70.7223], 15. III. 1939, R. Maldenado (MEI 154227; MLPA). CHILE: Aysén Region: 1 male, Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez, Lake General Carrera [- 46.2981, - 71.9411], 12 - 15. I. 1961, L. Peña (CSCA). Araucania Region: 1 female, Angol [- 37.8098, - 72.7177], 17. II. 1943, D. S. Bullock (MEI 154230; USNM). Maule Region: 1 male, El Colgo C. Curicó [- 34.9814, - 71.2308], 1 – 20. XI. 1960, L. E. Peña (MEI 079715; CNC); 3 females, 20 km E Potrero Grande, El Relvo [- 35.1869, - 70.9352], 1 – 25. III. 2004, Malaise trap, J. E. Barriga (CSCA). Ñuble Region: 3 males, Las Trancas [- 36.9124, - 71.4723], 25 – 18. II. 1959, L. E. Peña (MEI 154223, 154225, 154228; CNC); 1 male, 6 females, Las Trancas [- 36.9124, - 71.4723], III. 1984 (MEI 106403 – 8; FMNH); 1 female, Invernada, Recinto [- 36.8497, - 71.6561], III-IV. 1971, O. Ocare (MEUC). Santiago Metropolitan Region: 1 female, Colina [- 33.1951, - 70.6545], III. 1980, L. E. Peña (MEI 078912; FMNH).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF86C6B6FF3AFCF1FB4D.taxon	description	(Figs 4; 49) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: pub: FE 9 E 6180 - 3 AC 3 - 4 CC 3 - 9 F 09 - F 279 EBC 37692	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF86C6B6FF3AFCF1FB4D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Slender, yellowish-tan species; male with a single row of postocular macrosetae; wing hyaline, slightly infuscate along costal margin and along wing veins; posterior surface of mid coxa and medial furrow of prosternum with setae absent; one pair scutellar macrosetae; hind femur with subapical anteroventral seta; sternite 1 without erect setal patch medially; abdominal tergite 2 with short setal patch anteromedially.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF86C6B6FF3AFCF1FB4D.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 7.5 mm (male). Slender species. Head. Dark yellowish-tan; frons flat, pubescence entirely dark yellow, male without setae; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but eyes not contiguous; pale postocular setae as single row, occiput without additional macrosetae; postocular ridge yellowish brown pubescent, silver-grey medially on occiput; genal setae pale; antenna shorter than head; scape shorter than flagellum, dark yellow with few small pale setae; flagellum orange-yellow, darker apically. Thorax. Dark yellowish-tan; scutum brown, lighter laterally, scattered short dark setae, two suffuse medial vittae anteriorly, macrosetae black; scutellum dark yellow; prosternum without setae in medial furrow; cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae; pleuron tan, overlain with sparse greyish pubescence, white setae dorsally on anepisternum, absent on katepisternum, katatergite setae uniform pale; scutal chaetotaxy: np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 1; coxae yellow, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale, macrosetae few in number, pale, mid- and hind coxa without setae on posterior surface; femora yellow with short dark setae, hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta; tibiae dark yellow; tarsi dark yellow; wing mostly hyaline, darker anteriorly; venation yellow, darker apically along cell bm, costal margin setae arranged in two rows; haltere pale orange. Abdomen. Dark yellowish-tan; sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae; male abdomen without silver velutum on tergites, vestiture mostly elongate pale setae, denser laterally, darker distally; abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially, terminalia dark yellow. Male terminalia. Not dissected; externally epandrium sub quadrangular; numerous black macrosetae on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxal process slightly rounded distally.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF86C6B6FF3AFCF1FB4D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin, delicatus — dainty; referring to the diminutive habitus of this species.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF86C6B6FF3AFCF1FB4D.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia delicata sp. n. is known only from a single male from northern Argentina. This species is distinctive for its slender body, uniform dark yellow-tan colour and sparse setae.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF86C6B6FF3AFCF1FB4D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, ARGENTINA: Tucumán Province: San Pedro de Colalao [- 26.2414, - 65.5018], 14. X. 1968, L. E. Peña (MEI 079684; MACN).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF9DC6B6FA96FA61FA41.taxon	description	(Figs 5 – 7; 12 C, D; 13 A; 49) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 73 EE 2010 - 7209 - 439 A-B 0 FC- 403 A 7835697 F	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF9DC6B6FA96FA61FA41.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pale grey pubescent and yellow species; male with postocular macrosetae in a single row and additional occipital macrosetae irregularly arranged; male frons narrower than anterior ocellus; claws relatively elongate and narrow; wing opaque white with dark speckling; posterior surface of midcoxa and medial furrow of prosternum with setae absent; scutellum with one pair macrosetae; hind femoral subapical seta present.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF9DC6B6FA96FA61FA41.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 6.0 – 7.5 mm (male), 7.0 – 8.0 mm (female). Head. Densely overlain with grey pubescence; frons flat, light brown dorsally, greyish silver ventrally, markings absent (male) or with brown suffusion (female), female with sparsely distributed short, dark setae, male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but eyes not contiguous; male postocular setae as a single row, additional setae irregularly arranged medially on occiput, macrosetae vary from white to yellow and occasionally black; occiput relatively convex, overlain with grey pubescence; genal setae white; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, dark yellow, densely overlain with grey pubescence admixed with relatively few dark macrosetae; flagellum orange, terminus dark. Thorax. Overlain with dense grey pubescence; scutum brown, lighter laterally and with grey dorsocentral vittae, scattered short dark setae, longer and pale posteriorly, macrosetae black; scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4 – 9; sc, 1; scutellum brownish orange, dark brown anteromedially; prosternum without setae in medial furrow; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae; pleuron with dense silver-grey pubescence, anepisternum with faint brownish suffusion dorsally; pleuron with white setae on anepisternum and katepisternum, katatergite setae uniform pale; coxae yellow, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae and macrosetae few in number, pale, mid- and hind coxa without setae on posterior surfaces; femora brown, sometimes with yellow basally and apically, extensive long pale setae, hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta; tibiae and tarsi dark yellow; claws relatively elongate and narrow; wing whitish with irregular fine brown speckling, venation yellow, darker distally and on cross-veins, costal margin setae arranged in two rows; haltere stem yellow, knob white. Abdomen. Sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae; male abdomen dark yellow, suffused with grey laterally, without silver velutum on tergites, elongate pale setae denser laterally; tergite 2 with setae of uniform length, unmodified; terminalia dark yellow; female abdomen brown with greyish pubescence. Male terminalia. Epandrium with dark medial vitta, sub-quadrangular; outer gonocoxal process relatively short, truncated and subtriangular, macrosetae relatively fine; distiphallus narrow, straight. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF9DC6B6FA96FA61FA41.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is a noun derived from the Greek, dolichos –– long; chele –– claw, nail; referring to the elongate claws.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF9DC6B6FA96FA61FA41.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia dolichochele sp. n. is known only from Argentina. This is as pale, dune-associated species that is variable in colour and body size. Like other dune associated species, the tibial and tarsal macrosetae, and claws, are relatively elongate. The opaque white wing with dark speckling and scutal marking are distinctive for this species. The type series represents well-preserved specimens from Santa Cruz and Neuquen Provinces, although this species is relatively widely distributed (Fig. 49) with poorer quality, non-type specimens examined from an additional five provinces.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C492BFF9DC6B6FA96FA61FA41.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, ARGENTINA: Santa Cruz Province: 5 km W Comandante Luis Piedrabuena [- 50.0011, - 68.9866], 130 m, 25. XI. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin (MEI 153952; MACN). Paratypes. ARGENTINA: Santa Cruz Province: 5 males, 2 females, same data as holotype, 10. XII. 1966, 25. XI. 1966, low dunes (MEI 153950 – 1, 153954 – 5, 153958 – 9, 153987; MACN, CSCA); 2 males, 2 females, 2 km S Caleta Olivia [- 46.4888, - 67.4855], 10 m, 12. XII. 1967, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin, coastal dunes (MEI 153963, 153439, 153988, 153990; CSCA). Neuquen Province: 1 female, 10.2 km S Zapala [- 38.9992, - 70.0881], 1020 m, 17. XII. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin (MEI 153981; CSCA). Other material examined — ARGENTINA: Catamarca Province: 1 male, Los Corales, 46 km S Santa Maria [- 27.0049, - 66.2514], Malaise in white dunes, M. E. Irwin F. D. Parker, S. Roig (MEI 106754; CASC); 3 males, 1 female, 45 km S Belén [- 27.9619, - 67.2064], 1175 m, hand netted in small wash, 14. IX. 1999, 7 – 9. IX. 1999, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker (CSCA); 1 female, 6 km N Santa Maria [- 26.6555, - 66.0191], 19. II. 1967, sand dunes, 1900 m (MEI 153982; CSCA). Chubut Province: 1 female, 24 km W Sarmiento [- 45.5174, - 69.2944], 21 – 31. XII. 2005, M. E. Irwin, Malaise in dry wash (CSCA); 1 female, 25 km S Comodoro Rivadavia [- 45.9968, - 67.5988], 7. I. 2006, M. E. Irwin, hand netted on hillside dune (CSCA). La Rioja Province: 1 male, Sierra de Sanogasta, Los Tambillos, 5 km E Piedra Pintada [- 29.3598, - 67.7857], 12 – 15. X. 1997, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, S. Roig, Malaise (MEI 106818; CSCA); 1 female, Sierra de Arganaraz, 24 km N Chepes [- 31.2036, - 66.7122], 825 m, Malaise in dry canyon, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker (CASC). Mendoza Province: 1 female, Santa Rosa, Nacunan [- 34.0462, - 67.9527], G. Debandi, 15. XII. 1995 (MEI 106759; CSCA). Salta Province: 6 males, 10 km S Cafayete [- 26.1501, - 65.9551], 26. X – 13. XI. 2003, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, Malaise in Prosopis - covered dunes, 1644 m (MEI 164036 – 40; CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4930FF9EC6B6F99AFE65FD21.taxon	description	(Figs 3 B; 8; 9; 12 E, F; 50) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 802 F 2094 - 27 CB- 42 F 7 - BF 94 - 003860682 F 93	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4930FF9EC6B6F99AFE65FD21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Robust, yellowish-brown body with numerous strong, dark setae; sternite 1 with medial patch of erect setae; male with numerous occipital macrosetae; male frons narrower than anterior ocellus; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with one or more macrosetae; wing smoky infuscate; posterior surface of midcoxa and medial furrow of prosternum lacking setae; two pairs of scutellar macrosetae; hind femur with subapical macroseta present; tergite 2 medial setal patch present; sternite 1 with tuft of erect setae medially.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4930FF9EC6B6F99AFE65FD21.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 10.0 – 11.5 mm (male), 11.0 mm (female). Head. Densely overlain with yellowishbrown pubescence; frons flat, yellow-brown with irregular brown markings, male with small patch of black setae above antenna, shorter and more widely distributed on frons in female, male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but eyes not contiguous; both sexes with numerous robust, black and occipital macrosetae, postocular macrosetae longer in male; occipital pubescence tan-brown; genal setae dark; antennal scape length subequal to flagellum, brown overlain with grey pubescence, densely covered with large, dark setae; flagellum brown pubescent. Thorax. Scutum greyish tan with brown markings, numerous erect, elongate black setae (shorter in female), narrow medial vitta, lateral vittae tessellate, macrosetae black; scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 6 – 8; sc, 2; scutellum light brown, dark brown anteromedially; prosternum without setae in medial furrow (sometimes a few setae present); pleuron with dense grey pubescence suffused with brown, few black setae on anepisternum and katepisternum, katatergite with admixed pale and dark setae; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with 1 – 3 black macrosetae; coxae overlain with silver-grey pubescence admixed with numerous black macrosetae, mid- and hind coxa without setae on posterior surface; femora uniform dark yellow, suffused with dark brown (male), extensive short black setae, admixed with longer setae (male), hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta; tibiae dark yellow; tarsi dark yellow with apices darker; wing uniform smoky infuscate, venation dark, costal margin setae scattered, not in rows, costal cell brown infuscate; haltere brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, overlain with yellowish pubescence (denser in male), segments lighter along posterior margins; sternite 1 with tuft of erect setae medially; male without silver velutum on tergites, male vestiture mostly dark setae, elongate laterally, paler ventrally on anterior sternites; female with uniform short black setae; tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially; terminalia dark yellow. Male terminalia. Epandrium sub quadrangular, emarginate anteriorly; numerous elongate black macrosetae on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxal process relatively elongate, narrow distally; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath subtriangular; ejaculatory apodeme narrow. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4930FF9EC6B6F99AFE65FD21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin, glaucus — greyish; referring to the brown to grey pubescence of the pleuron.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4930FF9EC6B6F99AFE65FD21.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia glauca sp. n. is known from relatively few collections in coastal central Chile, frequently associated with dune vegetation. This yellowish-tan species is distinguished by the numerous dark macrosetae and smoky infuscate wings. This species is one of the few therevids with a medial tuft of erect setae on abdominal sternite 1 (along with E. pallidiventroides sp. n. and E. notabilis).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4930FF9EC6B6F99AFE65FD21.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, CHILE: Ñuble Region: 5.6 km N Cobquecura [- 36.0865, - 72.8077], 27. I. 1967, L. E. Peña, L. W. Alfaro, leaves of Lithrea (MEI 153962; MEUC). Paratypes. CHILE: Valparaíso Region: 2 males, Quintay [- 33.1809, - 71.6828], 19. II. 1967, E. I. Schlinger, on top of Bacharris in dune area, 10 m (MEI 153967, 153968; CSCA); 1 male, 2 km N Algarrobo [- 33.3406, - 71.6501], 15. X. 1967, E. I. Schlinger, on dunes (MEI 153971; CSCA); 1 female, Quintero [- 32.7865, - 71.5159], Feb. 1959, Etcheverry (MEI 152213; UCCC). Other material examined — CHILE: Ñuble Region: 1 male, Cobquecura [- 36.1332, - 72.8019], 13. II. 1959, Pina (MEI 153978; MEUC). Valparaíso Region: 1 male, Quintero [- 32.7865, - 71.5159], 10. II. 1967, F. Rojas (MEI 112362; UCCC).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4933FF98C6B6FD7AFC50F84C.taxon	description	(Figs 10 – 12 G, H; 50) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 627 C 01 EE- 8 AE 0 - 48 EE-BD 77 - 132 B 07 A 80 A 15	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4933FF98C6B6FD7AFC50F84C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Slender species with yellow and grey pubescence with opaque white wings with brown speckling; scutum with a pronounced dome shape; male with macrosetae irregularly arranged on postocular ridge and occiput; male frons wider than anterior ocellus but narrower than ocellar tubercle; tibial and tarsal macrosetae and claws relatively elongate and narrow; posterior surface of mid coxa and medial furrow of prosternum lacking setae; scutellum with one pair macrosetae; hind femoral subapical seta present.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4933FF98C6B6FD7AFC50F84C.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 7.0 – 8.6 mm (male), 7.4 – 8.5 mm (female). Head. Relatively small; frons rounded, pubescence grey ventrally, brown dorsally with dark band midway, male frontal vestiture absent, female with very few sparse short setae, male frons at narrowest point slightly wider than anterior ocellus; male occiput relatively convex, single row of postocular macrosetae, additional macrosetae irregularly arranged medially on occiput, macrosetae black along ridge, pale on occiput, occiput pubescence greyish silver, brownish dorsally; genal setae dark; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, cylindrical, black with grey pubescence admixed with a few small pale macrosetae; flagellum orange-yellow, style dark. Thorax. Scutum with a pronounced dome shape; male scutum yellow orange with grey pubescence, faint silver-grey dorsocentral vittae and dark brown medial vitta (narrowed posteriorly); female scutum dark brown, grey dorsocentral vittae and laterally, both sexes with sparse, short, dark setae; scutal macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4 – 6; sc 1; scutellum brownish orange, dark brown anteromedially, grey pubescent marginally; prosternum without setae in medial furrow; pleuron with grey pubescence suffused with orange, white setae on anepisternum and katepisternum, katatergite, anepisternum with brownish suffusion dorsally; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae; coxae yellow, overlain with silvergrey pubescence, coxal setae mostly pale, macrosetae few in number, mid- and hind coxae without setae on posterior surfaces; femora dark yellow, suffused with dark brown (darker in male), lighter apically, extensive short pale setae, hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta; tibiae and tarsi dark yellow with macrosetae and claws elongate, pulvilli relatively small; wing opaque white with irregular brown speckled infuscation, venation yellow, darker distally and on cross-veins, costal margin setae arranged in two rows; haltere stem yellow, knob white. Abdomen. Sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae, male abdomen without silver velutum on tergites, abdomen of both sexes dark yellow, suffused with grey laterally, vestiture mostly elongate pale setae, denser laterally (uniformly short in female); tergite 2 with setae of uniform length, unmodified; terminalia concolourous with rest of abdomen. Male terminalia. Epandrium sub-quadrangular, angular anteriorly; macrosetae pale on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxite process relatively elongate, subtriangular; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath subtriangular; ejaculatory apodeme narrow. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4933FF98C6B6FD7AFC50F84C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin, guttatus — dappled, speckled, spotted; referring to the distinctive speckling on the wing.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4933FF98C6B6FD7AFC50F84C.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is similar to E. dolichochele sp. n. and shares characteristics such as opaque white wings with brown speckling and elongate tibial and tarsal macrosetae and claws. It is likely also associated with sandy habitats.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4933FF98C6B6FD7AFC50F84C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, ARGENTINA: Chubut Province: 24 km W Sarmiento, 310 m [- 45.5361, - 69.2936], 21 – 31. XII. 2005, M. E. Irwin, Malaise in small dry wash (MACN). Paratypes. ARGENTINA: Chubut Province: 8 males, 1 female, same data as holotype (MACN, CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4937FF94C6B6F88AFCD6FB05.taxon	description	(Figs 14; 22 A, B; 49) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: F 0 A 7 CD 88 - E 23 F- 4803 - A 523 - D 282 BF 86 F 1 EA	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4937FF94C6B6F88AFCD6FB05.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, yellow and grey pubescent species with mostly hyaline wings; male with single row of postocular macrosetae, lacking additional macrosetae on occiput; male frons contiguous below ocellar tubercle; cervical sclerite with macrosetae absent; posterior surface of mid coxa and medial furrow of prosternum with setae absent; scutellum with two pairs of macrosetae; hind femur with subapical anteroventral macroseta present; male abdomen with silver velutum pubescence.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4937FF94C6B6F88AFCD6FB05.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 7.0 mm (male), 7.5 mm (female). Head. Frons flat, male eyes contiguous, frontal pubescence silver to light brown, male frontal vestiture absent; male occiput relatively concave, postocular macrosetae black, as single row, absent on occiput, occiput pubescence grey; genal setae pale; antennal scape longer than flagellum, dark yellow-orange overlain with grey pubescence, numerous large black setae; flagellum and pedicel brown. Thorax. Scutum grey-brown pubescent admixed with scattered dark setae, denser and longer anteriorly, macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4; sc, 2; scutellum concolourous with scutum; prosternum without setae in medial furrow; cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae; pleuron with dense silver-grey pubescence; white setae on anepisternum and katepisternum, katatergite setae pale; coxae yellow, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale, macrosetae few in number or admixed black and white, mid- and hind coxae without setae on posterior surface; femora yellow with short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae, hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta; tibiae and tarsi dark yellow; wing hyaline, infuscate anteriorly and along wing veins, venation brown, costal marginal setae arranged in two rows; haltere brown. Abdomen. Sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae; abdomen yellow, tergites dark brown medially, female abdomen dark brown, male abdomen with silver velutum on tergites 2 – 7; setae elongate and pale, darker on posterior segments and terminalia; abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short, modified setae posteromedially; terminalia dark yellow with dark setae. Male terminalia. Epandrium relatively short, emarginate anteriorly; gonocoxites with short, narrow outer gonocoxal process; distiphallus short, straight, narrow distally; ejaculatory apodeme broad apically; ventral apodeme rounded apically. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4937FF94C6B6F88AFCD6FB05.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is an adjective derived from Latin, hyalinus — of glass; referring to largely hyaline wings.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4937FF94C6B6F88AFCD6FB05.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia hyalina sp. n. is known from central Chile. It is one of the few species of Entesia where the males have silver velutum pubescence on the abdomen. This species is associated with coastal dune vegetation.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4937FF94C6B6F88AFCD6FB05.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, CHILE: Araucania Region: 12.7 km N Loncoche [- 39.2661, - 72.6941], 390 m, 21. I. 1967, M. E. Irwin (MEI 152198; UCCS). Paratype. CHILE: Los Lagos Region: 1 male, Pucatrihue, coastal dunes [- 40.466, - 73.716], 20. I. 1967, L. A. Stange (MEI 152199; CSCA); 1 female, 5 km E Rio Negro [- 40.8001, - 73.16601], 13. II. 1966, M. E. Irwin (MEI 154100; CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4939FF91C6B6FB5EFCA7FD55.taxon	description	(Figs 15; 16; 22 C; 50) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1100 A 2 BC-C 66 F- 4 E 0 C-B 2 C 6 - 299 D 052 CECC 2	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4939FF91C6B6FB5EFCA7FD55.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Slender, pale greyish-tan and dark brown species; male with single row of postocular macrosetae, macrosetae absent on occiput; male frons almost contiguous below ocellar tubercle; cervical sclerite with macrosetae absent; wing hyaline to slight smoky infuscate; posterior surface of mid coxa and medial furrow of prosternum with setae absent; scutellum with one pair macrosetae; hind femoral subapical anteroventral seta present; distiphallus short and broad.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4939FF91C6B6FB5EFCA7FD55.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 6.0 – 8.0 mm (male), 7.8 – 8.5 mm (female). Head. Frons flat, pubescence greyish tan, admixed with short, pale setae, more extensive in female; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but eyes not contiguous; postocular setae pale, male with single row, macrosetae absent on occiput, occiput relatively concave, pubescence grey, setae absent medially; genal setae pale; antenna scape shorter than flagellum, slightly thickened, cylindrical, dark yellow with few small pale setae; flagellum brownish orange, darker distally. Thorax. Scutum greyish-tan with brown suffusion, pair of tan dorsocentral vittae along length, scattered short dark setae, macrosetae brown, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4; sc, 1; scutellum brownish orange; prosternum without setae in medial furrow; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae; pleuron with grey pubescence suffused with orange, admixed with white setae on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite; coxae yellow, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae and macrosetae mostly pale, macrosetae few in number, mid- and hind coxa without setae on posterior surfaces; legs yellow with uniform short, dark setae and larger macrosetae, hind femur with a single, subapical anteroventral macroseta; wing hyaline, venation dark, costal margin setae arranged in two rows; haltere stem pale with knob mostly brown. Abdomen. Sternite 1 without medial tuft of setae; abdomen dark brown, yellow posteriorly on all tergites, white along posterior margin of tergites 2 – 5 in male; male abdomen without silver velutum on tergites, elongate setae pale and longer laterally in male, darker on posterior segments and terminalia; tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially; terminalia dark yellow, female abdomen mostly dark brown, posterior margin pale, broader laterally. Male terminalia. Epandrium sub-quadrangular, brown medially; macrosetae dark on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxite process well developed, narrow; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath subtriangular, distiphallus broad, straight and short; ejaculatory apodeme narrow. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4939FF91C6B6FB5EFCA7FD55.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin, luridus — pale yellow, ghostly; referring to the pale yellowish-tan body colour.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4939FF91C6B6FB5EFCA7FD55.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is a pale, drab species with brown and yellow colouration and markings. It appears to be at least crepuscular, with individuals active after sunset; the body colouration is similar to many other crepuscular and nocturnal fly species.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4939FF91C6B6FB5EFCA7FD55.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, ARGENTINA: Salta Province: 4 km W Cafayate [- 26.0758, - 66.0055], 1760 m, 1. X. 2009, M. E. Irwin, hand netted on east side of boulder on steep sandy hillside just after sun had set (MCAN). Paratypes. ARGENTINA: Salta Province: 20 males, 3 females, same data as holotype, 26. IX. 2009, 1 – 5. X. 2009, hand netted, Malaise on steep sandy hillside (MCAN, CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C493CFF92C6B6FCEEFACAFAA9.taxon	description	(Figs 17; 18; 22 D – F; 49)	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C493CFF92C6B6FCEEFACAFAA9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Robust, greyish-brown species with distinctive white and dark brown lateral lines along abdomen; wing mottled; single row of postocular macrosetae in male, macrosetae absent on occiput; male frons very narrow below ocellar tubercle; cervical sclerite with macrosetae absent; posterior surface of midcoxa with setae absent; medial furrow of prosternum with setae present; scutellum with one pair of macrosetae; hind femur with subapical anteroventral seta present; distiphallus short and broad.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C493CFF92C6B6FCEEFACAFAA9.taxon	description	Redescription. Body length. 7.0 – 8.5 mm (male), 8.0 – 9.5 mm (female). Head. Frons flat, pubescence brown dorsally, greyish silver ventrally, patch of short setae above antenna, female with uniform minute dark setae; male frons narrower than anterior ocellus but eyes not contiguous; male postocular setae black, as single row; male occiput relatively concave, pubescence grey, macrosetae absent on occiput; genal setae pale, sometimes admixed with dark setae; antennal scape equal to flagellum length, dark yellow with erect black setae of varying lengths; flagellum brown with grey pubescence. Thorax. Scutum tan-brown with dark brown markings and grey dorsocentral vittae, darker central vitta anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly; scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly; macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3 – 5; sc, 1; scutellum light brown, grey laterally, dark brown medially; prosternum with setae in medial furrow; cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae; pleuron with dense silver-grey pubescence, suffused with brown in male, white setae on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite; coxae yellow, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale, macrosetae black, relatively few in number; mid- and hind coxae without setae on posterior surfaces; femora dark yellow, suffused with brown-black dorsally, uniform short dark setae, hind femur with 1 – 2 subapical anteroventral macrosetae; tibiae and tarsi dark yellow, darker apically, macrosetae elongate; wing dark, mottled infuscate, fenestrate in some cells, venation dark, costal margin setae arranged in 3 – 4 rows; haltere brown. Abdomen. Sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae; abdomen brown dorsally, grey laterally, separated by dark brown vitta dorsolaterally; male without silver velutum on tergites, short dark setae dorsally, longer pale setae laterally, female setae uniform short and dark; abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially; terminalia dark yellow. Male terminalia. Epandrium elongate; macrosetae dark on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxite process short, ridge-like; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath subtriangular, distiphallus broad, straight and short; ejaculatory apodeme narrow. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C493CFF92C6B6FCEEFACAFAA9.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia maculicornis is known only from a relatively small section of north-central Chile. The dark brown and grey lateral vittae on the abdomen are highly distinctive for this species. Relationships of this species with the rest of the genus are obscure, although it is one of the few species with setae medially on the prosternum. Kröber (1911) indirectly designated the original syntype of Thereva maculicornis as a lectotype (discussed by Webb et al., 2013). Metz et al. (2003) examined the lectotype (listed as the holotype) of Psilocephala leptiformis, included an English translation of the original description and moved it to Entesia. This species has been collected sitting in copula on the vegetated coastal dunes near Los Vilos (MEI, unpublished obervations).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C493CFF92C6B6FCEEFACAFAA9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Thereva maculicornis Jaennicke, 1867: Lectotype male, CHILE: Valparaiso Region: Valparaiso [- 33.0496, - 71.6163], Bayerhoffer (MEI 119839; SFMD) [examined]. Psilocephala leptiformis Kröber, 1928 a: Holotype male, CHILE: Valparaiso Region: Valparaiso [- 33.0496, - 71.6163], 24. IX. 1920, P. Herbst (MEI 115971; SDEI) [examined]. Other material examined — CHILE: Atacama Region: 1 male, 70 km S Copiapó [- 27.9572, - 70.5563], 18. VIII. 1966, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, dunes (reared) (MEI 153477; CSCA); 1 male, Illapel, Rio Illapel [- 31.6421, - 71.1718], 19. X. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin, 600 – 900 m (MEI 152155; CSCA); 3 males, 7 km N Los Vilos [- 31.8508, - 71.4952], 5. XI. 1997, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, Malaise in coastal dunes (MEI 106213, 106793, 106787; CSCA). Coquimbo Region: 4 males, 5 km N Los Vilos [- 31.8695, - 71.4973], 28. IX. 1997, M. E. Irwin, D. K. Yeates, coastal dunes (MEI 106254 – 7; CSCA); 5 males, 2 km N Huentelauquén [- 31.5683, - 71.5403], 7. X. 1966, M. E. Irwin, L. E. Peña, C. O. Berg (MEI 028413 – 4, 127069, 153949, 153957; CSCA); 1 male, E El Tofo [- 29.4551, - 71.2468], 17. X. 1971, L. E. Peña (MEI 154201; UCCC); 1 male, La Herradura [- 29.9829, - 71.3171], 21 – 23. X. 1971, L. Alvarez (MEI 154200; UCCC); 4 males, Fray Jorge N. P. [- 30.6111, - 71.6335], 12. X. 1997, 17 – 25. X. 1997, 290 m, M. E. Irwin, H. Vasques, Malaise in wash near Administration (MEI 106919 – 22; CSCA); 13 males, Fray Jorge N. P., 15 km SW Pachingo [- 30.5668, - 71.6444], 20. X. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin (MEI 153907 – 19; CSCA); 3 females, Fray Jorge N. P., entrance gate [- 30.6325, - 71.6104], 4. X. 1997, M. E. Irwin, D. K. Yeates (MEI 106129 – 31; CSCA); 1 female, Fray Jorge N. P., El Mineral [- 30.6571, - 71.6657], Malaise in wet creek bed, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, 225 m (MEI 106150; CSCA); 1 female, Fray Jorge N. P., Quebrada las Vacas, 2 km NW Administration [- 30.6710, - 71.6421], 3. XI. 1997, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, Malaise across damp wash (MEI 106151; CSCA). Santiago Metropolitan Region: 2 males, Cuesta la Dormida [- 33.0613, - 71.0221], 1. XI. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, Nothofagus forest (MEI 152166, 152170; CSCA). Valparaiso Region: 3 males, Papudo [- 32.5091, - 71.4332], (MEI 152165, 152167 – 8; UCCC); 1 male, 6 km SE Quintero [- 32.8367, - 71.4998], 20. IX. 1966, E. I. Schlinger (MEI 153503; CSCA); 1 male, 5 miles N Concón [- 32.8507, - 71.4978], 4. X. 1969, Rozen & Peña (MEI 074219; AMNH); 4 males, 5 km N Algarrobo, 12. X. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, coastal dunes (MEI 153463, 153492, 153902, 153904; CSCA); 1 male, 3 km S El Tabo [- 33.4777, - 71.6365], 2. X. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, coastal dunes (MEI 153501; CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C493FFFADC6B6FAF2FDBCF88D.taxon	description	(Figs 19 – 21; 22 G, H; 51)	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C493FFFADC6B6FAF2FDBCF88D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Robust, yellow-tan species with grey pubescence; wing hyaline, yellowish anteriorly; single row of post ocular macrosetae in male, macrosetae absent on upper occiput; male eyes almost contiguous below ocellar tubercle; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with macrosetae present; posterior surface of midcoxa and medial furrow of prosternum with setae absent; scutellum with two pairs of macrosetae; hind femur with subapical anteroventral seta present; distiphallus narrow.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C493FFFADC6B6FAF2FDBCF88D.taxon	description	Redescription. Body length. 7.0 – 8.0 mm (male), 8.0 – 10.0 mm (female). Head. Frontal pubescence light brown dorsally, silver ventrally, frons flat, male with very few short setae above antenna, female with sparse short, dark setae, male frons width at narrowest point with eyes almost contiguous; postocular setae admixed black and yellow, male as a single row; male occiput flat, pubescence grey, macrosetae absent medially on occiput; genal setae pale; antennal scape equal length to flagellum, dark yellow, erect black setae of varying lengths; flagellum orange-yellow. Thorax. Scutum uniform grey-tan pubescent, narrow brown vitta medially (barely evident in male), 2 – 3 small brown spots laterally, scattered dark setae, denser and longer anteriorly; macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 4, sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3 – 4; sc, 2; scutellum concolourous with scutum; prosternum without setae in medial furrow; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with 1 – 3 yellow macrosetae; pleuron with dense silver-grey pubescence, white setae on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite, anepisternum with brownish suffusion dorsally; coxae yellow, overlain with silvergrey pubescence, setae white, coxal macrosetae numerous, strong, black; mid- and hind coxae without setae on posterior surfaces; femora yellow, short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae, hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi brown, yellow basally; tibial and tarsal macrosetae elongate; wing hyaline, yellow infuscate anteriorly, venation yellow basally along major veins, darker distally, costal margin setae arranged in two rows; haltere stem pale with knob mostly brown. Abdomen. Sternite 1 with tuft of erect setae medially; abdomen dark yellow, dark brown spot medially on each tergite, darker brown in female; male abdomen without silver velutum on tergites; male vestiture mostly elongate pale setae, denser laterally, female uniform short dark setae; abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially; terminalia dark yellow. Male terminalia. Epandrium elongate, narrowed posteriorly; macrosetae fine, dark on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxite process narrow; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath subtriangular, distiphallus narrow, straight and short; ejaculatory apodeme narrow. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C493FFFADC6B6FAF2FDBCF88D.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia notabilis is distinctive yellowish species with dark spots along the abdomen that is restricted to central Chile. The tuft of erect setae on sternite 1, two pairs of scutellar macrosetae and multiple macrosetae on the lateral lobe of the cervical sclerite distinguish this species. Metz et al. (2003) examined the holotype of Psilocephala fuzi and transferred the species to Entesia (with an English translation of the original description). Webb et al. (2013) subsequently transferred Thereva notabilis to Entesia. Here, we synonymise P. fuzi Kröber, 1928 a with T. notabilis Macquart, 1841 a. Kröber (1928 a) apparently intended the name P. fuzi as a patronym for the collector A. Faz, but misspelt the epithet in the original publication. Kröber (1928 b) subsequently used the intended “ P. Fazi ” spelling in a checklist (page 6) and key to Psilocephala species (page 12). The two female specimens collected from Perales by A. Faz were referenced by Kröber (1928 a) in the original description (including a range of measurements), and he singled out the female deposited in SDEI as the Type. The additional specimens were subsequently deposited in the USNM and are considered paratypes here.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C493FFFADC6B6FAF2FDBCF88D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Thereva notabilis Macquart, 1841 a: Syntype female, CHILE (MEI 119895; MNHN) [examined]. Psilocephala fuzi Kröber, 1928 a: Holotype male, CHILE: Ñuble Region: Perales, A. Faz, II. 1925 [- 36.4205, - 72.8696] (MEI 115972; SDEI) [examined]. Paratypes. 2 females, same data as holotype (MEI 152211, 152216; USNM). Other material examined — CHILE: Coquimbo Region: 7 females, El Naranjo, Tilama [- 32.0321, - 71.1544], I. 1968, J. Molina (MEI 1154193 - 9; UCCC]. O’Higgins Region: 1 female, Bosque de la Conservadores [- 34.0566, - 70.7265], 1100 m, 1 – 4. III. 1962, Peña (MEI 15212; CNC). Santiago Metropolitan Region: 26 males, 22 females, Quebrada de la Plata, Rinconada, Maipú [- 33.4984, - 70.9042], 510 m, 25. II. 1966, M. E. Irwin, Malaise (MEI 028417 – 9, 154070 – 89, 154000 – 24; CSCA); 1 female, El Bollenar, 2 km N Pichi Alhue [- 33.5729, - 71.0215], 23 II – 12. III. 1999, G. Baria (MEI 121402; CSCA); 1 male, 5 km E Cuesta de Ibacache [- 33.4501, - 71.3329], 26. III. 1966, M. E. Irwin, Malaise (MEI 152220: CSCA); 3 males, El Arrayan [- 33.3425, - 70.4714], 7. III. 1963, L. E. Peña (MEI 152234, 1522361, 154182; UCCC); male, Peñalolén [- 33.4826, - 70.5117], 1. III. 1953, L. E. Peña (MEI 152219; CNC); 1 male, Colina [- 33.2045, - 70.6607], III. 1980, L. E. Peña (MEI 078913; FMNH). Valparaiso Region: Valparaiso [- 33.0496, - 71.6163], 1909, 1929, E. P. Reed (MEI 152221, 152208; CASC); 2 males, Valparaiso [- 33.0496, - 71.6163], 1907, P. Herbst (MEI 152207, 152209); 1 male, La Cruz [- 32.8281, - 71.2229], 2. III. 1966, L. E. Campos, M. E. Irwin, on citrus leaf (MEI 152222; CSCA); 1 male, Jardin Botanica Quilpué [- 33.0473, - 71.5001], 14. III. 1964, Peña (MEI 152223; CNC).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4905FFA8C6B6FF3AFE89F8BD.taxon	description	(Figs 23; 52)	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4905FFA8C6B6FF3AFE89F8BD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Robust, brown and yellow species with grey pubescence and numerous setae; scape slightly bulbous; wing hyaline and smoky infuscate; male with two irregular rows of macrosetae on postocular ridge and upper occiput; male frons as wide as ocellar tubercle with extensive elongate setae; posterior surface of mid coxa with setae absent; medial furrow of prosternum with setae present; two pairs of supra-alar macrosetae; scutellum with two pairs of macrosetae.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4905FFA8C6B6FF3AFE89F8BD.taxon	description	Redescription. Body length. 9.0 mm (male). Head. Relatively broad; frons flat, pubescence dark yellowish tan with dark brown suffusion, extensive covering of elongate, black setae, male frons width at narrowest point slightly wider than ocellar tubercle; male postocular setae black, as two discrete rows irregularly arranged onto occiput, occiput convex, occiput pubescence grey; genal setae white; antenna scape slightly bulbous, cylindrical and equal length to flagellum, brown with grey pubescence, numerous erect large black setae; flagellum brown; relatively elongate. Thorax. Scutum grey with tessellate brown pattern, numerous elongate black setae, macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 6; sa, 2; pa, 1; dc, 4; sc 2; scutellum concolourous with scutum; prosternum with setae in medial furrow; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae; pleuron with dense silver-grey pubescence, relatively few black setae admixed with white setae on anepisternum and katepisternum; katatergite setae white; coxae yellow, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly white, macrosetae few in number, yellowish; mid- and hind coxa without setae on posterior surfaces; femora dark yellow, suffused brown apically, vestiture as short white setae, black on dorsal surface apically, admixed with elongate white setae ventrally; hind femur with one black subapical anteroventral and two yellowish subapical posteroventral macrosetae; tibiae and tarsi dark yellow; tibial and tarsal macrosetae elongate; wing hyaline, slightly smoky infuscate anteriorly, venation dark, yellowish basally, costal margin setae arranged in 3 – 4 rows; haltere stem pale with knob mostly brown. Abdomen. Sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae; abdomen base colour dark brown dorsally, yellow laterally and ventrally, male abdomen with silver velutum on tergites 2 – 7, male with elongate white setae on all segments except darker on posterior segments and terminalia; abdominal tergite 2 with short modified setae along posterior margin; terminalia dark yellow. Male terminalia. Epandrium sub-quadrangular, black medially; distiphallus broad apically, with apical spines (terminalia not dissected).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4905FFA8C6B6FF3AFE89F8BD.taxon	discussion	Comments. Malloch (1932) described E. pallidiventris in the therevine genus Dialineura with some doubt, as the setae and antennal morphology did not fit well with this genus. Subsequently, Webb et al. (2013) transferred it to Entesia. It appears correctly placed in Entesia at the moment based on characters such as presence of strong macrosetae on the forecoxa, modified setal patch posteriorly on abdominal tergite 2 and general shape of the male genitalia, including shape of the gonostyli with an erect, medially directed patch of elongate setae. This placement remains tentative though, as E. pallidiventris also displays superficial similarity to South American therevine genera in the Anabarhynchus genus group (e. g., Peralia Malloch, 1932), although the modified setal patch posteriorly on abdominal tergite 2 is a feature found only in many agapophytine genera and never in Therevinae. Still, several distinctive features of the male of this species indicate a rather isolated position in the genus Entesia, including the slightly thickened antennal scape, silver velutum pubescence on the abdomen, wide frons below the ocellar tubercle, scattered dark macrosetae on the occiput and two supra-alar macrosetae. This species is known only from the male holotype. The discovery of females and detailed examination of the female and male genitalia would likely confirm the subfamily and genus placement of this species.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4905FFA8C6B6FF3AFE89F8BD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, CHILE: Ñuble Region: Perales, IX. 1923 [- 36.4205, - 72.8696] (MEI 159504; USNM) [examined].	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFAAC6B6FF3AFE66F989.taxon	description	(Figs 24; 26 A – D; 33 A; 51) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 391 C 52 F 3 - 0902 - 4 FA 6 - A 77 D-ED 10 A 59 DA 7 E 3	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFAAC6B6FF3AFE66F989.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Elongate, glaucous pubescent species with extensive setae; wing hyaline, yellowish basally and anteriorly; male with numerous postocular and occipital macrosetae; male frons contiguous below ocellar tubercle; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with macrosetae present; posterior surface of mid coxa without setae; medial furrow of prosternum with setae present; scutellum with two pairs of macrosetae; hind femoral subapical anteroventral seta present; abdominal sternite 1 with medial tuft of erect setae; distiphallus narrow.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFAAC6B6FF3AFE66F989.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 10.0 – 10.5 mm (male). Head. Relatively small; frons flat, pubescence greyish silver, male vestiture with small patch of short, dark setae close to eye margin, male eyes contiguous; both sexes with numerous robust, black postocular and occipital macrosetae, longer in male; male occiput flat, grey pubescent; genal setae black; antennal scape length equal to flagellum, brown, overlain with grey pubescence, admixed with numerous large, black setae; flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutum grey admixed with numerous erect, elongate, black setae, macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 8 – 9; sc, 2; scutellum concolourous with scutum; prosternum with setae in medial furrow; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with a single black macroseta; pleuron with dense grey pubescence, white setae on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite; coxae dark, overlain with grey pubescence, setae black, macrosetae numerous, strong, black; mid- and hind coxae without setae on posterior surfaces; femora dark yellow, suffused with dark brown, lighter apically, uniform short dark setae; hind leg length distinctly longer and thicker than mid- and forelegs, hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta; tibiae and tarsi dark yellow to brown; wing hyaline, yellowish anteriorly, venation yellow basally along major veins, darker distally, costal margin setae arranged in 3 – 4 rows; haltere stem pale with knob mostly brown. Abdomen. Sternite 1 with tuft of erect setae medially; abdomen without silver velutum on tergites, grey pubescent, admixed with pale elongate setae, darker on posterior segments and terminalia; abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially; terminalia dark yellow. Male terminalia. Epandrium elongate; macrosetae numerous, large, dark on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxite process narrow, subtriangular; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath subtriangular, distiphallus narrow, straight and short; ejaculatory apodeme narrow.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFAAC6B6FF3AFE66F989.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the name palllidiventris combined with the Latin, - oides — like; referring to the similarity of this species to E. pallidiventris.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFAAC6B6FF3AFE66F989.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia pallidiventroides sp. n. is a glaucous and pilose species known only from two males specimens collected in central Chile. The presence of the erect tuft of elongate setae medially on sternite 1 is shared with E. glauca sp. n. and E. notabilis, along with 2 pairs of scutellar macrosetae, and one or more macrosetae on the lateral lobe of the cervical sclerite; this suggests a likely close relationship amongst these three species. Entesia pallidiventroides sp. n. is very similar in appearance to E. glauca sp. n. in particular, but differs in body colour and pubescence. The male eyes are contiguous in E. pallidiventroides sp. n. (Fig. 33 A) while in E. glauca sp. n. they are narrower than the anterior ocellus but not contiguous. Entesia pallidiventroides sp. n. also bears some similarity to E. pallidiventris, especially in the extensive dark macrosetae on the head and thorax.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFAAC6B6FF3AFE66F989.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, CHILE: O’Higgins Region: Pichilemu [- 34.3827, - 72.0017], II. 1963, J. Astrosa (MEI 153977; UCCC). Ñuble Region: 1 male, Cobquecura [- 36.1365, - 72.8034], I. 1968, P. Ramirez F. (MEI 112354; CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFA6C6B6F9D2FD05FB4D.taxon	description	(Figs 25; 26 F – H; 51) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 F 3 DFF 58 - 70 A 2 - 458 C- 992 F- 6 C 708238 BD 89	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFA6C6B6F9D2FD05FB4D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Slender, tan and dark brown species; male with single row of postocular macrosetae, macrosetae absent medially on occiput; male frons wider than anterior ocellus at narrowest point; cervical sclerite with macrosetae absent; wing smoky infuscate; posterior surface of mid coxa and medial furrow of prosternum with setae absent; scutellum with one pair macrosetae; hind femoral subapical anteroventral seta present; distiphallus short and broad.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFA6C6B6F9D2FD05FB4D.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 7.0 – 8.0 mm (male), 7.5 mm (female). Head. Frons flat, pubescence brown, setae absent, male frons width at narrowest point slightly wider than anterior ocellus; male postocular macrosetae black, in a single row; occiput relatively convex in both sexes, pubescence tan-brown, macrosetae absent medially; genal setae black; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, cylindrical, dark yellow, sparsely covered with short, dark setae; flagellum brownish orange, darker distally. Thorax. Scutum pubescent brown, lighter laterally, scattered short dark setae, macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3 – 4; sc, 1; scutellum concolourous with scutum; prosternum without setae in medial furrow; cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae; pleuron tan, overlain with sparse greyish pubescence, few black setae on anepisternum and katepisternum, katatergite setae black; coxae yellow, overlain with brownish pubescence, setae mostly dark, macrosetae few in number, black, mid- and hind coxae without setae on posterior surfaces; hind leg length noticeably longer and thicker than mid- and forelegs; femora dark yellow, suffused with dark brown, lighter apically, uniform short, dark setae; hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta (sometimes lacking); tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with apices brown; wing uniform faint infuscate, darker anteriorly, venation yellow basally along major veins, darker distally, costal margin setae arranged in two rows; haltere stem pale with knob mostly brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, yellow posteriorly on tergites; female abdomen dark yellow; sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae; male abdomen without silver velutum on tergites, vestiture mostly dark setae, elongate laterally; abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially; terminalia brown. Male terminalia. Epandrium sub-quadrangular, posterolateral corners angular; cerci relatively narrow and elongate; macrosetae dark on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxite process well developed, narrow with numerous medially directed macrosetae, dense apically; inner gonocoxal process and gonostylus relatively small; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath subtriangular; ventral apodeme broad, extending beyond dorsal apodeme; distiphallus broad, straight and short; ejaculatory apodeme narrow. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFA6C6B6F9D2FD05FB4D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is named after the prolific Chilean collector and famed field entomologist, Luis Enrique Peña (1921 – 1995).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFA6C6B6F9D2FD05FB4D.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia penai sp. n. is closely related to E. lurida sp. n. and E. delicata sp. n. but can be distinguished by the dark brown body colour and pubescence and the male eyes wider than the anterior ocellus at narrowest point. Entesia penai sp. n. is known only from three localities in western Argentina.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4907FFA6C6B6F9D2FD05FB4D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, ARGENTINA: Neuquén Province: Estancia Mamuil Malal Lolen, 25 km N Junin de los Andes [- 39.7836, - 71.0345], 3. I. 2006, M. E. Irwin, Malaise nr. Rio Malleo, 990 m (MACN). Paratypes. ARGENTINA: La Rioja Province: 1 female, 28 km N Chepes, Sierra de Arganaraz Higuerita [- 31.1891, - 66.6898], 11 – 16. IX. 1999, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, Malaise in side wash (CSCA). Neuquén Province: 3 males, same data as holotype (CASC, CSCA). Salta Province: 1 male, 8 km S Cafayate [- 26.1476, - 65.9549], 27. IX – 1. X. 2009, M. E. Irwin, Malaise in semi-stable dunes, 1650 m (CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C490BFFA2C6B6FA96FECFFE51.taxon	description	(Figs 13 B; 27 – 30; 33 B; 52)	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C490BFFA2C6B6FA96FECFFE51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Slender, grey and brown or dark yellow species; dark spot on frons above antennae; male with single row of postocular macrosetae, macrosetae absent on upper occiput; male frons contiguous below ocellar tubercle; cervical sclerite macrosetae absent; wing smoky infuscate; posterior surface of midcoxa and medial furrow of prosternum with setae absent; scutellum with one pair macrosetae; hind legs relatively elongate with tibia and basitarsus thickened (male); hind femoral subapical anteroventral seta absent; distiphallus short and broad.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C490BFFA2C6B6FA96FECFFE51.taxon	description	Redescription. Body length. 8.0 – 9.0 mm (male), 10.0 – 12.0 mm (female). Head. Frons flat, pubescence yellow with dark brown medial spot above antennae, short dark setae sparse in female (absent in male), male frons width at narrowest point with eyes contiguous; male postocular setae as single row, postocular setae admixed black or yellow, especially in female; male occiput relatively concave, convex in female, occiput pubescence yellowish brown, grey medially on occiput, occiput with setae absent; genal setae yellow; antenna slightly shorter than head (Fig. 33 B); scape subequal in length to flagellum, dark yellow, sparsely covered with short, dark setae; flagellum conical shaped, orange-yellow, style dark. Thorax. Scutum grey (male) or tan-orange (female) with brown markings as a single narrow medial vitta and interrupted, dorsocentral vittae, scattered dark setae, denser and longer anteriorly in male, macrosetae yellow, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2 – 4; sc, 1; scutellum concolourous with scutum; prosternum without setae in medial furrow; cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae; pleuron yellow to tan, overlain with sparse greyish pubescence, white setae on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite; coxae yellow, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale, macrosetae few in number, yellow or black, mid- and hind coxae without setae on posterior surfaces; femora uniform yellow, short dark setae, admixed with longer pale setae ventrally; hind leg length noticeably longer than mid- and forelegs, hind tibia distally and all of basitarsus thickened; hind femur lacking subapical macroseta; tibiae and tarsi dark yellow with apices brown; wing smoky hyaline, infuscate anteriorly, venation dark, yellowish anteriorly, costal margin setae arranged in two rows, costal cell yellow infuscate; haltere stem pale with knob mostly brown. Abdomen. Sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae; male abdomen base colour dark brown dorsally, yellow laterally, elongate white setae, darker on posterior segments and terminalia, male abdomen without silver velutum on tergites; female abdomen dark yellow; short black setae uniformly distributed on all segments; abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially, male terminalia brown. Male terminalia. Epandrium short, oblong with rounded lateral margins; cerci relatively narrow and short; macrosetae dark on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxite process well developed, narrow; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath widely forked with arms parallel; ventral apodeme broad, extending anteriorly beyond dorsal apodeme; distiphallus straight and short; ejaculatory apodeme narrow. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C490BFFA2C6B6FA96FECFFE51.taxon	discussion	Comments. Metz et al. (2003) designated a neotype for Psilocephala rubida Wulp, as the syntypes are presumed destroyed (see Rotheray et al., 2000). They also transferred the species from Psilocephala to Entesia. After examination of types of both species we conclude that E. tarsata is a newly recognised synonym of P. rubida. Entesia rubida exhibits distinctive sexually dimorphic colouration as well as enlarged hind legs in male. The dark brown spot on the frons of both males and females is distinctive and is also in the closely related Entesia rubidaster sp. n., which largely differs notably in the length of the antenna. Entesia rubida is a relatively commonly collected species found on both sides of the Andes Mountain range, in central Chile and far western Argentina (Fig. 52).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C490BFFA2C6B6FA96FECFFE51.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Psilocephala rubida Wulp, 1888, ARGENTINA: Neotype female, Catamarca Province: Tucumán [- 26.7872, - 65.2678] (MEI 134210; MLUH) [examined]. Entesia tarsata Oldroyd, 1968, ARGENTINA: Holotype male, Río Negro Province: Chacabuco area, San Carlos de Bariloche, San Ramon, Hillside [- 41.1373, - 71.2482], coll. 18. iv. 1966, [reared] pupated 25. ix. 1966, emerged 17. xii. 1966 (NHM) [examined]. Paratypes. Río Negro Province: 3 males, 1 female, various dates, same data as holotype [reared] (NHM) [examined]. Other material examined — ARGENTINA: Chubut Province: 30 males, 22 females, Alerces National Park, Lago Futalaufquen, near Quime Quipan [- 42.8611, - 71.6026], 23 – 31. XII. 2005, M. E. Irwin, Malaise in Nothofagus forest, 530 m (MEI 164665 – 84; CASC); 12 males, 10 females, 2 km SE Alerces National Park entrance [- 42.8611, - 71.6026], 23 – 31. XII. 2005, M. E. Irwin, Malaise along stream in Nothofagus forest (CSCA); 10 males, 14 females, Cholila, Chacra of Stephen Bussey [- 42.4496, - 71.4503], 23 – 31. XII. 2005, M. E. Irwin, Malaise in steep gorge, 560 m (CSCA). Neuquén Province: 1 female, Pucará [- 40.1556, - 71.6318], I. 1955, (MEI 135335; MSU); 1 female, Auquinco, N shore, Lago Lolog [- 40.0217, - 71.4615], 3. I. 1994, O. Flint, M. Wood (MEI 123796; CNC); 6 males, Lanin National Park, 1.5 km N Puerto Canoa [- 39.7337, - 71.5143], 25. XII. 2005 – 2. I. 2006, M. E. Irwin, Malaise in steppe bunchgrass, 1010 m (CSCA); 2 males, Estancia Mamuil Malal, 6 km W highway 23 on Highway 60 [- 39.7551, - 71.0943], 26. XII. 2005, M. E. Irwin, Malaise in damp wash, 850 m (CSCA); 2 females, 2 km S Rincon Chico, Nahuel Huapi National Park [- 41.0025, - 71.1268], 24 – 31. XII. 2005, M. E. Irwin, Malaise in Patagonian steppe, 820 m (CSCA); 1 male, 5 females, 6 km N San Martin de los Andes [- 40.1082, - 71.3403], 1 – 4. I. 1994, G. & M. Wood, 1000 m (MEI 123790 – 5; CNC). Río Negro Province: 1 male, de Bariloche, Colonia Suiza [- 41.0956, - 71.5123], 24. XII. 1981, Nielsen, Karscholt, 800 m (MEI 152196; UZM). CHILE: Araucania Region: 1 female, Lago Icalma [- 38.8095, - 71.2836], 12. I. 1989, L. S. Kimsey, 1000 m (MEI 030506; MCZ); 1 female, Termas de Rio Blanco [- 39.1105, - 71.6124], 22. I. 1967, M. E. Irwin, L. A. Stange (MEI 153985; CSCA); 1 male, Marimenuco [- 38.7128, - 71.1097], 10 – 13. I. 1964, L. Peña, 1100 m (MEI 153973; CNC); 1 female, Nahuelbuta National Park, science information centre [- 37.8479, - 72.9492], 11. XI. 1997, M. E. Irwin, Araucaria leaf litter (MEI 106825; CSCA); Villarrica National Park, Quillelhue Sector [- 39.5701, - 71.5633], 14. III. 2005, M. E. Irwin, S. Ocares F., sieved from dry soil under fallen Nothofagus tree trunk, 1250 m (CSCA). Los Rios Region: 1 female, Valdivia [- 39.8251, - 73.2021], 16. XII. 1990, I. Krahner (CSCA); 1 female, Terao, 30 km SE Castro [- 42.7022, - 73.6476], 23 – 26. XII. 1993, G. & M. Wood (MEI 123795; CNC); 1 female, Dalcahue [- 42.3731, - 73.6519], 8. II. 1971, G. Barria, (MEI 154191; MEUC). Maule Region: 1 male, 20 km E Potrero Grande, El Relvo [- 33.1833, - 70.9491], 14. I. 2004, J. E. Barriga, Nothofagus dombeyi fogging (CSCA). Ñuble Region: 1 male, 7 females, 7.5 km E Recinto [- 36.8773, - 71.5785], 4 – 6. I. 2000, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, Malaise in dry riverbed, 760 m (MEI 121509, 121512 – 9; CASC); 3 females, 2 km N Las Trancas [- 36.9041, - 71.4828], 6 – 9. I. 2000, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, Malaise in Nothofagus forest, 3700 ft. (MEI 121514; CSCA). Santiago Metropolitan Region: 1 male, Quebrada de la Plata, Rinconada, Maipú [- 33.4984, - 70.9042], 24. XI – 7 XII. 1997, M. E. Irwin, G. Barria, Malaise in canyon (CSCA). Valparaiso Region: 1 male, Palma de Ocoa Campanas National Park [- 32.9324, - 71.0781], 6 – 20. XII. 1997, M. E. Irwin, G. Barria, Malaise in hillside draw (CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4910FFB9C6B6FADEFABCFD21.taxon	description	(Figs 31; 32; 33 C, D; 37 A, B; 52) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: DD 09 E 7 A 2 - BEF 4 - 43 DF-B 133 - 06 CEC 044 E 1 BE	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4910FFB9C6B6FADEFABCFD21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Slender, grey and brown or dark yellow species; antennae elongate; dark spot on frons above antennal bases; male with single row of postocular macrosetae dorsally; male frons contiguous below ocellar tubercle; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with macroseta present; wing smoky infuscate; posterior surface of midcoxa and medial furrow of prosternum with setae absent; scutellum with one pair macrosetae; hind legs relatively elongate with tibia and basitarsus thickened (male); hind femoral subapical anteroventral seta present; distiphallus short and broad.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4910FFB9C6B6FADEFABCFD21.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 7.5 – 8.5 mm (male), 8.2 – 12.5 mm (female). Head. Frons flat, pubescence yellow with dark brown medial spot above antennae, short dark setae sparse in female (absent in male), male frons width at narrowest point with eyes contiguous; male postocular setae as single row, admixed black or yellow, especially in female; male occiput relatively concave, convex in female, occiput pubescence yellowish brown, grey medially on occiput, occiput with setae absent; genal setae yellow; antenna elongate, longer than head (Fig. 33 C, D); scape elongate, cylindrical, dark yellow, sparsely covered with black and yellow setae of varying lengths, flagellum orange to yellow, darker apically. Thorax. Scutum grey (male) or yellow to tan (female) with brown markings, markings as grey dorsocentral vittae alternated with dark brown vittae, one medial and a pair of lateral vittae, scattered short, dark setae, denser and longer anteriorly in male, macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2 – 4; sc, 1; scutellum concolourous with scutum; prosternum without setae in medial furrow; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with single yellow macroseta; pleuron grey (male) or yellow (female), overlain with greyish pubescence, white setae on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite; coxae yellow, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale, macrosetae black, few in number, mid- and hind coxae without setae on posterior surfaces; hind leg length noticeably longer and thicker than mid- and forelegs; femora uniform yellow with short dark setae; hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta, tibiae and tarsi dark yellow with apices brown; wing smoky hyaline, infuscate anteriorly, venation dark, costal cell yellow infuscate, costal margin setae arranged in two row; haltere stem pale with knob mostly brown. Abdomen. Sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae; abdomen dark yellow, dark- brown spot medially on each tergite, and as thin line posteriorly along lateral margin; scattered dark setae, denser posteriorly and on terminalia, longer anteriorly in male; abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially; male abdomen without silver velutum; terminalia brown or dark yellow. Male terminalia. Epandrium short, oblong with rounded lateral margins, brown along lateral margin; cerci round; macrosetae dark on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxite process brown, well-developed, narrow; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath widely forked with arms parallel; ventral apodeme broad, extending beyond dorsal apodeme; distiphallus straight and short; ejaculatory apodeme narrow. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4910FFB9C6B6FADEFABCFD21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the name rubida combined with the Latin, - aster and is a diminutive suffix referring to the similarity of this species to E. rubida.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4910FFB9C6B6FADEFABCFD21.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia rubidaster sp. n. is very similar to E. rubida in body colour, vestiture and genitalia shape, suggesting a likely sister species relationship. Indeed, the main differences are the more elongate antennae and the presence of a single seta on the lateral lobe of the cervical sclerite. The distribution of E. rubidaster sp. n. is relatively restricted in Central Chile compared with the more widely distributed E. rubida, and appears to overlap in part.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4910FFB9C6B6FADEFABCFD21.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, CHILE: Valparaiso Region: El Naranjo, Tilama [- 32.0308, - 71.1528], X. 1968, J. Molina (MEI 154221; MEUC). Paratypes. CHILE: Santiago Metropolitan Region: 1 female, Quebrada de la Plata, Rinconada, Maipú [- 33.4984, - 70.9042], 620 m, 4. I. 1967, M. E. Irwin, Malaise (MEI 153986; CSCA). Valparaiso Region: 6 males, 12 females, same data as holotype, various dates: I. 1968, II. 1968, III. 1968, IX. 1968, XII. 1968, I. 1969 (MEI 154232 – 49; MEUC, CSCA). Other material examined — CHILE: Valparaiso Region: 2 males, 6 females, Palma de Ocoa Campanas National Park [- 32.9324, - 71.0781], 29. XII. 1999, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, 215 m (MEI 121521 – 7, 121529; CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4914FFB5C6B6FD7AFBB2FE2D.taxon	description	(Figs 34 – 36; 37 C – E; 51) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 5 B 692 AB 9 - 7 CB 8 - 4 B 5 F-A 6 D 3 - 6 A 54 B 9 F 38 CF 4	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4914FFB5C6B6FD7AFBB2FE2D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, glaucous species with frontal calli; wing mottled; male with postocular and occipital macrosetae irregularly arranged; male frons as wide as ocellar tubercle; glossy frontal and parafacial calli in female, barely evident in male; cervical sclerite with macrosetae absent; posterior surface of mid coxa with setae absent; medial furrow of prosternum with setae present; scutellum with one pair of macrosetae; hind femoral subapical anteroventral seta present.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4914FFB5C6B6FD7AFBB2FE2D.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 6.5 – 7.5 mm (male), 6.5 – 7.5 mm (female). Head. Relatively broad; frontal pubescence light brown dorsally, silver ventrally, frons flat, female with pair of domed calli above antennae and second pair on parafacial (female), male with frontal markings as a pair brown spots, glabrous concentrically, spots on parafacial barely evident, male frontal vestiture absent, female with a few minute setae lateral of ocellar tubercle, male frons width at narrowest point equal to ocellar tubercle; both sexes with postocular setae as single row of elongate black setae, strongly curved anteriorly, additional white macrosetae on occiput, occiput relatively convex, pubescent grey, occiput with scattered white setae; genal setae white, male admixed with dark setae extending onto lower part of parafacial; antennae much shorter than head, scape slightly thickened, cylindrical, dark yellow, overlain with grey pubescence admixed with large, dark setae; flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutum grey with broken, dark brown vittae, medial vitta narrow anteriorly, interrupted vittae laterally, scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly, macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 3 – 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 6 – 7; sc, 1; scutellum concolourous with scutum; prosternum with setae in medial furrow; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite without macrosetae; pleuron with dense silver-grey pubescence, white setae on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite, anepisternum with brownish suffusion dorsally; coxae yellow, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, coxal setae white, macrosetae black (male) or yellow (female), mid- and hind coxae without setae on posterior surfaces; hind leg subequal in length to mid- and forelegs; femora uniform yellow (female) or dark grey-brown with apices yellow (male), covered with short, dark setae admixed with longer pale setae, hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow or brown, wing starkly mottled infuscate, fenestrate in some cells in male, venation dark, costal margin setae arranged in two rows (irregularly); haltere brown. Abdomen. Sternite 1 lacking medial tuft of setae; abdomen glaucous grey pubescent, brown area laterally on all tergites, pale elongate setae, darker on posterior segments and terminalia, longer in male; abdominal tergite 2 with setae of uniform length, unmodified; male abdomen without silver velutum on tergites; terminalia brown. Male terminalia. Epandrium elongate, narrowed posteriorly; cerci round; macrosetae dark on epandrium and gonocoxites; outer gonocoxite process brown, small, narrow; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath narrowly forked; distiphallus straight and narrow; ejaculatory apodeme narrow; gonocoxal apodemes relatively elongate. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4914FFB5C6B6FD7AFBB2FE2D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Greek, tessares — four; referring to the four glabrous areas on the female head.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4914FFB5C6B6FD7AFBB2FE2D.taxon	discussion	Comments. Entesia tessera sp. n. is a highly distinctive, yet diminutive species with mottled wings and glossy calli on the frons of the female; all other species have an entirely pubescent frons in both sexes. All legs are relatively short in this species. It is known from two localities in southern Argentina.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4914FFB5C6B6FD7AFBB2FE2D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, ARGENTINA: Chubut Province: Arroyo Rio Verde, 12 km S Alto Río Senguer [- 45.0993, - 70.7507], 710 m, 20. XI. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin (MEI 153964; MACN). Paratypes. ARGENTINA: Santa Cruz Province: 3 males, 2 females, 5.6 km E Los Antiguos [- 46.5698, - 71.5703], 360 m, 23. XI. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin (MEI 153960 – 1, 153972, 153978 – 9; CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4919FFB4C6B6FF3AFA6AF875.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Thereva lugubris Macquart, 1841 a: 302, by original designation.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4919FFB4C6B6FF3AFA6AF875.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, mostly black flies with dark infuscate wings; antenna shorter than, or subequal to head length; scape subequal to flagellum length; parafacial setae absent; aside from postocular setae row, male sometimes with additional macrosetae scattered on upper occiput; palpi slender; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite sometimes with one or more macrosetae on lateral lobe; prosternum medial setae absent; one pair of scutellar macrosetae; wing cell m 3 open; hind femur lacking macrosetae (rarely present subapically); male abdominal sternite 8 with paired secondary sclerites along posterior margin.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4919FFB4C6B6FF3AFA6AF875.taxon	description	Redescription. Head. Height and length subequal; frons flat or silver pubescent, male frons with eyes contiguous below anterior ocellus; parafacial without setae; gena rounded; mouthparts short, palpus slender; male postocular macrosetae elongate and recurved; male occiput with or without additional row of macrosetae on upper occiput, occiput with silver pubescence; antennae positioned on lower half of head and directed anteriorly, usually shorter than head (rarely same length); flagellum tapered cone-shaped, subequal to combined length of scape + pedicel; scape cylindrical, 3 – 4 x length of pedicel, subequal to flagellum length. Thorax. Medial furrow of prosternum without setae; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite sometimes with a single macroseta; pleuron overlain with very sparse silver pubescence; metanepisternum without setae; scutum with filiform setae, often of variable length; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs of macrosetae): np: 4 – 5; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2 – 4; sc, 1; wing dark infuscate; cell m 3 open, veins M 3 and M 4 separate to margin; vein R 2 + 3 shape a gradual sigmoid curve; vein R 1 with setae absent; wing membrane uniformly covered with microtrichia; posterior surfaces of mid- and hind coxae without setae; hind coxal knob present; femoral velutum patches absent; macrosetae absent on femora, hind femur rarely with anteroventral (av) seta subapically; leg length variable, femora and tibiae approximately equal in length across all legs, hind leg distinctly longer than other legs. Abdomen. Elongate, tapered gradually from base; abdominal tergite 2 with a concentrated patch of short setae posteromedially. Terminalia. Male gonocoxites with velutum patches absent, halves separate medially, posterior outer gonocoxal process well developed, subtriangular; inner gonocoxal process (igp) well developed and articulated; ventral lobe shape variable, usually at least half length of gonostylus, rounded apically; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath subtriangular, distiphallus short, abruptly narrowed, ventral apodeme forked. Female with spermathecal sac absent, or when present, as a single lobe with the three spermathecae joining common spermathecal sac duct close to bursa; sternite 8 emarginate posteromedially; acanthophorite macrosetae with two sets, A 1 enlarged; tergite 8 elongate with broad anteromedial process. Included species. Melanothereva bicolorata sp. n., M. frayjorge sp. n. and M. lugubris (Macquart, 1841 a).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4919FFB4C6B6FF3AFA6AF875.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South America: Chile, western Argentina, Peru.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4919FFB4C6B6FF3AFA6AF875.taxon	discussion	Comments. Melanothereva was erected for a single, highly melanised species (M. lugubri s) with numerous strong macrosetae on the forecoxa. As mentioned previously, the similarity between the two genera suggests that they may be synonymous, but at this stage we find them sufficiently different to maintain them as separate. In their phylogeny of the family, Winterton et al. (2016) recovered Melanothereva in a clade with Entesia and Pachyrrhiza, although relationships amongst the three exemplars were weakly supported.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB7C6B6FF3AFDF2F98C.taxon	description	(Figs 38; 43 A, B; 54) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 414 D 1 C 9 F- 3 EB 0 - 46 B 3 - 9 CFD- 9 BDBF 39 E 635 A	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB7C6B6FF3AFDF2F98C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinctly yellow-orange and black bicoloured flies; antennal scape and flagellum relatively elongate; frons silver pubescent on lower half, black dorsally; male with macrosetae along postocular ridge only, absent on occiput; ventral half of pleuron bright yellow-orange; legs yellow-orange, tarsi black distally; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with a single orange macroseta; female with spermathecal sac present.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB7C6B6FF3AFDF2F98C.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 9.5 mm (male), 11.5 – 13.0 mm (female). Head. Relatively small; frontal pubescence black brown dorsally, bright silver ventrally, frons flat, male vestiture absent, female with minute black setae, male eyes contiguous below anterior ocellus; postocular macrosetae black; occiput pubescence silver and matte black, matte black medially, female with scattered black macrosetae on occiput, absent in male; antennal scape black, equal in length to flagellum, elongate, cylindrical, sparsely covered with short, dark setae; flagellum brown, elongate and tapered apically. Thorax. Scutum glossy black with sparse brown pubescence, light grey suffuse dorsocentral vittae anteriorly (female) or broad medial vitta (male), scattered short, dark setae, macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 1; scutellum glossy black, overlain with matte brown pubescence; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with an orange macroseta; pleuron black dorsally, yellow-orange ventrally, overlain with grey pubescence; katatergite setae black; coxae yellow-orange, overlain with sparse grey pubescence; coxal setae orange, macrosetae few in number, yellow-orange; femora yellow-orange with extensive, short white setae, rarely with very small subapical anteroventral macroseta on hind femur; tibiae yellow-orange with orange macrosetae; tarsi black distally; wing uniform black infuscate, venation dark, costal margin setae arranged in two rows; haltere brown. Abdomen. Black, overlain with brown pubescence, male abdomen without silver velutum on tergites, vestiture mostly short, black setae, longer laterally, abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially; terminalia black. Male terminalia. Epandrium elongate, rounded posterolaterally; cerci rounded, yellow; macrosetae dark and robust on epandrium and gonocoxites; gonocoxites black-brown, appendages yellow; outer gonocoxite process small, narrow; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath narrowly forked; distiphallus straight and narrow; ejaculatory apodeme broad; gonocoxal apodemes relatively short. Female terminalia. As per genus description, spermathecal sac present, rounded.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB7C6B6FF3AFDF2F98C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Latin, bi — two and coloratus — colour; referring to the distinctly bi-coloured body.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB7C6B6FF3AFDF2F98C.taxon	discussion	Comments. Melanothereva bicolorata sp. n. is a highly distinctive black and yellow-orange species distributed in central Chile.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB7C6B6FF3AFDF2F98C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype female, CHILE: Ñuble Region: Las Trancas [- 36.9124, - 71.4723], 17. XII. 1983, L. E. Peña (MEI 078908; FMNH). Paratypes. CHILE: Araucania Region: 1 female, SE Curacautin, Conguillio National Park, trail Los Carpinteros (site Conguillio MT & PT 03), Malaise trap # 1 [- 38.6402, - 71.6961], 9 – 21. I. 2013, A. De Braekeleer, M. Pollet, 1264 m (CSCA). Maule Region: 1 female, Estero la Jaula [- 35.0129, - 70.7466], I. 1964, L. E. Peña, Nothofagus (CSCA); 1 female, Forel, Carrizalillo [- 35.3529, - 72.1608], 30. I – 5. II. 1981, L. E. Peña, 250 m (USNM). Other material examined — CHILE: Coquimbo Region: 1 male, Coquimbo [- 29.9899, - 71.2942], 13. XI. 1964, L. E. Peña (MEI 112355; CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB3C6B6F9D4FE4AF9AD.taxon	description	(Figs 39; 40; 43 E, F; 53) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: AB 753312 - 6 C 96 - 4447 - 93 EF-D 8 FED 5 E 8 BCAE	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB3C6B6F9D4FE4AF9AD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dark species with numerous robust macrosetae and light brown dorsocentral vittae; male with additional macrosetae on occiput; small black setae on frons above antenna; wing smoky infuscate; thorax and legs black; female lacking spermathecal sac.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB3C6B6F9D4FE4AF9AD.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 7.0 – 8.5 mm (male), 8.0 – 9.6 mm (female). Head. Frons flat, pubescence silver ventrally, brown dorsally, small patch of short black setae above antenna in male, female setae short and sparse, male with eyes contiguous below anterior ocellus; male postocular setae black, elongate and recurved, additional macrosetae irregularly arranged on occiput, occiput relatively convex, pubescent silver; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, black, overlain with grey pubescence, relatively few large, black setae; flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutum black, overlain with grey to light brown pubescence as a pair of dorsocentral medial vittae joining posteriorly, scattered black setae, denser anteriorly, macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4 – 6; sc, 1; scutellum black, overlain with brown pubescence; pleuron black with sparse grey pubescence, black setae on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite; coxae black, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae black; femora dark brown, short black setae admixed with longer white setae, hind femur lacking subapical macroseta; tibiae and tarsi black with black macrosetae; wing smoky infuscate, darker and yellowish anteriorly, venation dark, costal margin setae arranged in two rows; haltere brown. Abdomen. Dark brown to black with brown pubescence dorsally, mostly dark setae, longer laterally in male, male abdomen without silver velutum, abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially; terminalia brown. Male terminalia. Epandrium elongate, pointed posterolaterally; cerci elongate, brown; macrosetae dark and robust on epandrium and gonocoxites; gonocoxites and appendages brown; outer gonocoxite process small, triangular; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath narrowly forked; distiphallus straight and tapered; ejaculatory apodeme narrow; gonocoxal apodemes relatively broad. Female terminalia. As per genus description, spermathecal sac absent.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB3C6B6F9D4FE4AF9AD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the type locality, Fray Jorge National Park.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB3C6B6F9D4FE4AF9AD.taxon	discussion	Comments. Melanothereva frayjorge sp. n. is a typical member of the genus, with a black body, dark infuscate wings and numerous macrosetae. It is very similar in appearance to M. lugubris, and can be differentiated by the lighter wing infuscation and pair of dorsocentral vittae on the scutum. The spermathecal sac is also absent in the female of this species, a trait shared only with M. lugubris; all other Agapophytine species have a spermathecal sac and its absence in these two species is clearly secondary and supportive of the sister pair relationship.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491AFFB3C6B6F9D4FE4AF9AD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, CHILE: Coquimbo Region: Quebrada los Hornitos, Fray Jorge National Park road [- 30.6197, - 71.5622], 4. XI. 1997, M. E. Irwin, 440 ft. (MEI 106579; MEUC). Paratypes. CHILE: Coquimbo Region: 5 males, same data as holotype (MEI 106559, 106572, 106576 – 8; CSCA); 9 males, Fray Jorge National Park, park entrance gate [- 30.6325, - 71.6104], 19. XI. 1997, E. I. Schlinger, 1100 ft. (MEI 106561 – 2, 106565 – 71; CSCA); 1 male, 1 female, Fray Jorge National Park [- 30.6505, - 71.6887], 2. XII. 1997, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, Malaise in rocky creek bed, 240 m (MEI 106573, 106687; MEUC); 1 male, Fray Jorge National Park, El Mineral [- 30.6571, - 71.6657], 3. XI. 1997, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, 225 m, Malaise in wet creek bed (MEI 106560; CSCA); 1 female, Fray Jorge National Park, Quebrada Las Vacas, 2 km NW administration, [- 30.6448, - 71.6572], 2. XI. 1997, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, Malaise across damp wash 550 ft., (MEI 106681; CSCA); 1 female, Fray Jorge National Park [- 30.6448, - 71.6572], 2. XI. 1997, Malaise on bank of Quebrada Las Vacas, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, 190 m, (MEI 106686; CSCA); 1 male, Vicuna, substation experimental [- 30.0435, - 70.6881], 29. IX – 3. X. 1997, M. E. Irwin, D. K. Yeates, Malaise in dry ravine (MEI 106788; CSCA). Other material examined — CHILE: Coquimbo Region: 1 female, same data as holotype (MEUC); 1 male, 1 female, Fray Jorge National Park [- 30.6397, - 71.6495], 12. XII. 2003 – 1. I. 2004, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, Malaise in picnic area, pan trap, 250 m (CASC); 1 male, 1 female, Fray Jorge National Park, El Mineral [- 30.6573, - 71.6651], 1 – 7. XI. 2003, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, 224 m, Malaise in wash upstream of seep (CASC); 15 females, Quebrada El Arrayan, 33 km S La Villa [- 30.1951, - 70.9338], 16 – 19. X. 2003, M. E. Irwin, 653 m, Malaise in vegetated draw (CASC). Maule Region: 1 male, 20 km E Petrero Grande, El Relvo [- 35.1858, - 70.9357], 23. I – 8. II. 2004, J. E. Barriga, Malaise (CASC).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491EFFCEC6B6F9F7FD8AFCB1.taxon	description	(Figs 13 C; 41; 42; 43 C, D; 44; 53)	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491EFFCEC6B6F9F7FD8AFCB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dark flies with numerous robust macrosetae and markings absent; male with additional macrosetae on occiput; small black setae on frons above antenna; wing dark infuscate; thorax and legs black; female with spermathecal sac absent.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491EFFCEC6B6F9F7FD8AFCB1.taxon	description	Redescription. Body length. 8.0 – 9.0 mm (male), 9.5 – 12.0 mm (female). Head. Relatively broad; frons flat, pubescence silver ventrally, brown dorsally, small patch of short black setae above antenna in male, female setae short and sparse, male with eyes almost contiguous below anterior ocellus; postocular setae black, elongate and recurved, additional macrosetae irregularly arranged on occiput, occiput relatively convex, pubescent silver; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, black, overlain with grey pubescence, relatively few large, black setae; flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutum black, overlain with sparse light brown pubescence, short black setae, denser anteriorly, macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4 – 6; sc, 1; scutellum black, overlain with grey pubescence; pleuron black with sparse grey pubescence, black setae on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite; coxae black, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae black, macrosetae few in number; femora dark brown, short black setae admixed with longer white setae, hind femur lacking subapical macroseta; tibiae and tarsi black with black macrosetae; wing dark infuscate, darker anteriorly, venation dark, costal margin setae arranged in two rows; haltere brown. Abdomen. Dark brown to black with brown pubescence dorsally, mostly dark setae, longer laterally in male, male abdomen without silver velutum, abdominal tergite 2 with patch of short modified setae posteromedially; terminalia brown. Male terminalia. Epandrium elongate, pointed posterolaterally; cerci elongate, brown; macrosetae dark and robust on epandrium and gonocoxites; gonocoxites and appendages brown; outer gonocoxite process triangular; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath narrowly forked; distiphallus straight and tapered; ejaculatory apodeme narrow; gonocoxal apodemes relatively broad. Female terminalia. As per genus description, spermathecal sac absent.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491EFFCEC6B6F9F7FD8AFCB1.taxon	discussion	Comments. Melanothereva lugubris is one of the few entirely black stiletto flies, with a black body and wings. Similar colouration is found in some members of the Australian genus Johnmannia Irwin & Lyneborg, 1989; interestingly, both genera also exhibit the relatively rare condition of matte red eye colour in living individuals. Melanothereva lugubris is distributed in Chile, Peru and western Argentina. Kröber (1912) and Webb et al. (2013) mention that it is also found in Bolivia, which appears likely, but we were not able to locate any specimens from that country. In addition, the type locality of Psilocephala nigra Bellardi is recorded as Messico (Mexico), but this is unverified and considered to be likely erroneous (see discussion by Webb et al., 2013). Notably, Charles Darwin collected a male specimen of this species during his visit to Valparaiso, Chile; this specimen was examined as part of this study.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C491EFFCEC6B6F9F7FD8AFCB1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Thereva lugubris Macquart, 1840 a — CHILE: Syntype female, 889 / 36, Gay coll. 1836 (MEI 119896; MNHN) [examined]. Psilocephala nigra Bellardi, 1861 — MEXICO: Lectotype male, 168, Messico, Semper (MRSN). Other material examined — ARGENTINA: Rio Negro Province: 1 male, 1 female, El Bolsón [- 41.9715, - 71.5477], 29. XII. 1957, A. Kovacs (MEI 074218, 118021; AMNH, CSCA). CHILE: Araucania Region: 1 male, 20 km E Temuco [- 38.7359, - 72.3899], 8. I. 1951, Ross, Michaelbacker (MEI 147629; CASC); 1 female, Angol [- 37.8098, - 72.7177], 8. XII. 1934 (MEI 113132; UCCC); 1 male, Villarrica, Fdo. Los Coigues [- 39.2876, - 72.2385], 15. I. 1965, M. Rivera (MEI 113118; UCCC). Antofagasto Region: 5 km S San Pedro de Atacama Solor [- 22.9433, - 68.1747], 15. XI – 21. XII. 2003, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, Malaise near dunes, 2414 m (MEI 178087; CSCA) Biobío Region: 1 female, Concepción [- 36.8501, - 73.0275], 10. XII. 1958, Carocca (MEI 113116; UCCC); 1 female, 30 km E Quilleco [- 37.5460, - 71.6444], 23. I. 1967, L. Campos (MEI 156217; CASC). Coquimbo Region: 1 male, Illapel [- 31.6396, - 71.1679], 1 – 6. XI. 1954, L. Peña (MEI 147586; USNM). Los Lagos Region: 1 male, Trumao [- 40.3615, - 73.1666], 28. XII. 1932, Fr. Atunasio (MEI 112390; USNM); 2 females, Castro [- 42.4752, - 73.7845], XII. 1926, R. & E. Shannon (MEI 112379 – 80; USNM); 1 male, Castro [- 42.4752, - 73.7845], 4. XI. 1966, M. E. Irwin, Gonzalez, in window (MEI 028426; CSCA); 1 female, Riñihue [- 39.8168, - 72.4429], 7. II. 1958 (MEI 113125; UCCC). Maule Region: 2 females, Estero la Jaula [- 35.0129, - 70.7466], I. 1964, L. E. Peña, Nothofagus (MEI 146588 – 9; CSCA); 1 female, Tregualemu [- 36.0039, - 72.7722], 7. XII. 1953, L. E. Peña (MEI 147587; CSCA). Ñuble Region: 1 male, Las Trancas, Cord Chilian [- 36.9124, - 71.4723], 14 – 21. I. 1971, Ocare (MEI 112323; UCCC). Santiago Metropolitan Region: 2 males, 4 females, Quebrada de la Plata, Rinconada, Maipú [- 33.4984, - 70.9042], 510 m, 10. XI. 1966, M. E. Irwin, Malaise (MEI 147573 – 6, 147591; CSCA); 1 female, San Cristobal [- 33.4206, - 70.6281], 28. XI. 1942 (MEI 147648; UCCC); 1 female, El Canelo [- 33.5753, - 70.4553], 1976 (MEI 112322; UCCC); 1 female, Maipu [- 33.5189, - 70.8168] (MEI 112387; UCCC); 1 female, El Bollenar, 2 km N Pichi Alhue [- 33.5729, - 71.0215], 1 – 10. I. 2000, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, 100 m Malaise in wash (CSCA). Tarapacá Region: 2 males, Mamiña [- 20.0747, - 69.2171], 8 – 16. XI. 1964, Herrera (MEI 147578, 147616; UCCC). Valparaiso Region: 1 male, Valparaiso [- 33.0638, - 71.6033], C. Darwin, 85 – 119, (NHMUK 010922290; NHM); 1 male, Piscicultura Rio Blanco [- 32.9319, - 70.2811], 17 – 20. XI. 1958, L. E. Peña (MEI 070589; CNC); 1 female, Quebrada Verde [- 33.1109, - 71.6571], 9. X. 1964, J. Gonzalez (MEI 147645; UCCC); 40 males, 23 females, Palma de Ocoa Campanas National Park [- 32.9324, - 71.0781], various dates 6 – 31. XII. 1997, 29. XII. 1999, 2 – 10. I. 2000, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, Malaise in hillside draw, 215 m (MEI 121384 – 423; 121332 – 354; CSCA); 1 female, La Cruz [- 32.8281, - 71.2229], 15 XI. 1971, R. Ripa (MEI 112324; UCCC); 1 female, Limache [- 32.9954, - 71.2513], X. 1924, Faz (MEI 112391; USNM). PERU: Junin Region: 1 female, Rio Charape [- 10.3888, - 74.9091], C. H. T. Townsend (MEI 112384; USNM); 1 male, 1 female, Tarma [- 11.4345, - 75.6853], 1. XII. 1942, Weyrauch, 3000 m (MEI 147564 – 5; MCZ). Moquegua Region: 2 males, Yacango, Moquegua [- 17.1949, - 70.9387], 8. X. 1965, J. C. Hitchcock Jr. (MEI 147596 – 7; CNC). Arequipa Region: 1 male, Arequipa [- 16.4141, - 71.5621], VIII – IX. 1936, R. M. Straw, 2400 m (MEI 147598; USNM); 1 female, Yura [- 16.2475, - 71.6901], A ca. 27465 (FSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFC9C6B6FF3AFB46FAAC.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Pachylopella antennata sp. n.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFC9C6B6FF3AFB46FAAC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Slender, dark flies with elongate, bulbous antennae; parafacial setae absent; antennae longer than head; scape elongate and bulbous with erect macrosetae; male with additional macrosetae scattered on occiput; wing cell m 3 open; scutellum with two pairs of macrosetae; palpus thickened; hind femur with single subapical anteroventral macroseta; medial furrow of prosternum without setae.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFC9C6B6FF3AFB46FAAC.taxon	description	Description. Head. Broad, dimensions in profile subequal; antenna longer than head; antennae positioned in middle of head, directed anteriorly, flagellum tapered cone-shaped, slightly shorter than combined scape and pedicel length, scape elongate and bulbous; head broadly projecting anteriorly around base of antennae; male frons width (at narrowest point) equal to width of anterior ocellus; parafacial without setae; face rounded; male occiput with additional macrosetae; gena rounded, palpus thickened, mouthparts short. Thorax. Medial furrow of prosternum without setae; cervical sclerite lacking macrosetae; pleuron sparsely pubescent; metanepisternum lacking setae; scutum covered with filiform setae, often of variable length, chaetotaxy: np: 3 – 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4 – 5; sc, 1 – 2 (irregular); posterior surfaces of mid- and hind coxae without setae; hind coxal knob present; legs relatively elongate; femora with velutum patches absent, macrosetae absent except hind femur with subapical anteroventral seta; tibial macrosetae regular sized; wing cell m 3 open, wing smoky infuscate, vein R 1 with setae absent, membrane uniformly covered with microtrichia. Abdomen. Basal half relatively slender, slightly narrowed along length; tergite 2 with all setae uniform and regular in length. Terminalia. Gonocoxites with velutum patches absent, gonocoxite halves separate medially; outer gonocoxal process present; inner gonocoxal process present, articulated; ventral lobe small, rounded apically; dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath ‘ T’ - shaped, distiphallus short, straight, ventral apodeme forked. Female sternite 8 posterior margin emarginate posteromedially; tergite 8 elongate with broad anteromedial process; spermathecal sac as small single lobe; three spermathecae.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFC9C6B6FF3AFB46FAAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South America: Chile.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFC9C6B6FF3AFB46FAAC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Greek, pachylos — thickish; pellos — dark coloured, dusky; referring to the thickened antennal scape and dark body colouration. Gender is feminine.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFC9C6B6FF3AFB46FAAC.taxon	discussion	Comments. Pachylopella gen. n. is a distinctive genus close to the recently described genus Sigalopella. The two genera share features such as dark body colour, infuscate wings, elongate antennae, thickened palpi and a rounded to bulbous face. Pachylopella gen. n. is differentiated by the presence of two pairs of scutellar macrosetae, bulbous scape, lack of parafacial setae and the male with scattered macrosetae on the occiput.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFCAC6B6FAF7FE23FCB1.taxon	description	(Figs 45 – 48; 54) Zoobank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 59450 CC 6 - 2 D 0 E- 4461 - A 1 CA- 12475 AA 2 AA 63	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFCAC6B6FAF7FE23FCB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As per genus diagnosis.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFCAC6B6FAF7FE23FCB1.taxon	description	Description. Body length. 6.5 – 8.0 mm (male), 8.0 – 9.0 mm (female). Head. Relatively broad; frons flat to rounded, glossy black, pubescent silver around antennae, brown pubescent around ocellar tubercle, male with small patch of elongate, black setae above antenna, female with scattered, short setae, male frons width at narrowest point slightly wider than anterior ocellus; male occiput concave, female convex; male postocular setae elongate, strongly curved anteriorly, additional setae irregularly arranged on occiput; occiput pubescence greyish silver, brown dorsally; genal setae brown; antenna pubescent brown, scape elongate, cylindrical and bulbous, longer than flagellum, numerous erect, large, black macrosetae; flagellum brown pubescent admixed with black setae. Thorax. Scutum glossy black with sparse brown pubescence, numerous erect black setae (longer and denser anteriorly in male), macrosetae black, chaetotaxy: np, 3 – 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc 4 – 5; sc 1 – 2; scutellum black, overlain with brown pubescence; pleuron glossy black with sparse grey pubescence, black setae on anepisternum, katepisternum and katatergite; coxae glossy black, overlain with silver pubescence, setae black, macrosetae numerous, strong, black; fore femur brown with yellow apex, mid- and hind femora dark yellow with apices brown, short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae and tarsi brown; wing uniform faint brown infuscate, darker anteriorly, venation dark, costal margin setae scattered, not in rows; haltere stem dark with knob yellow-white. Abdomen. Dark brown, yellow posteriorly on tergites, thicker laterally; male abdomen vestiture extensive long pale setae, female setae uniformly short and black; terminalia brown. Male terminalia. Epandrium elongate, pointed posterolaterally; cerci ovoid, brown; macrosetae dark and robust on epandrium and gonocoxites; gonocoxites and appendages brown; outer gonocoxite process triangular; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath forked; distiphallus straight and tapered; ejaculatory apodeme narrow; gonocoxal apodemes relatively narrow. Female terminalia. As per genus description.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFCAC6B6FAF7FE23FCB1.taxon	discussion	Comments. Pachylopella antennata sp. n. is a slender dark species with distinctive abdominal markings and yellow haltere knob, as well as elongate and numerous macrosetae on the head and thorax. It is known only from a few coastal localities in Frey Jorge National Park in the Coquimbo Region of central Chile.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFCAC6B6FAF7FE23FCB1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is adjective derived from the Latin, antenna — sailyard, pole; referring to the distinctive antennal shape.	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
9F4C617C4964FFCAC6B6FAF7FE23FCB1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material — Holotype male, CHILE: Coquimbo Region: Fray Jorge National Park, 15 km SW Pachingo [- 30.5664, - 71.6442], 30. X. 1966, M. E. Irwin, hand collected, 100 – 200 m (MEI 028434; MEUC). Paratypes: CHILE: Coquimbo Region: 2 males, same data as holotype (MEI 028433, 028435; CSCA); 1 female, Fray Jorge National Park [- 30.6576, - 71.6655], 17. X. 1997, Malaise in dry sandy creek bed, M. E. Irwin, E. I. & M. E. Schlinger, D. W. Webb, 225 m (MEI 106770; MEUC); 1 female, Fray Jorge National Park [- 30.6448, - 71.6572], 16. X. 1997, Malaise on bank of Quebrada las Vacas, M. E. Irwin, E. I. & M. E. Schlinger, D. W. Webb, 225 m, (MEI 106771; CSCA); 1 female, Frey Jorge National Park, El Mineral [- 30.6576, - 71.6655], Malaise in wash upstream of seep, 7 – 24. XI. 2003; M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, 224 m (CSCA).	en	Winterton, Shaun L., Irwin, Michael E. (2023): Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa 5269 (1): 1-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5269.1.1
