identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5B24F566DA22FF95FF462F3E48FE1927.text	5B24F566DA22FF95FF462F3E48FE1927.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. hyperborea (Pallas 1811)	<div><p>Ochotona hyperborea hyperborea (Pallas, 1811)</p><p>Lagomys hyperboreus var. ferruginea Schrenk, 1858 Lagomys hyperboreus var. normalis Schrenk, 1858 Lagomys litoralis Peters, 1882</p><p>Ochotona kolymensis Allen, 1903</p><p>Ochotona hyperborea minima Sokolov et al., 1994 Ochotona hyperborea shamani Sokolov et al., 1994</p><p>Type.— Specimen unknown; the nominal taxon  Lepus hyperboreus was described by P. S. Pallas on the basis of specimens collected by Carl Heinrich Merck (Pallas 1811:152).</p><p>Type locality.— Chukchi Peninsula “terris Tschuktschicis” (Pallas 1811:152). This toponym can describe large territory; however, C. Merck only visited the northern part of Chukchi Peninsula along the trek from St. Laurent Bay–Mechigmen Bay (13–26 of September 1791)–Kolyutchin Bay (14 October)– Amguema River (18 November)–Chaun River (19 January 1792)–Anyuyskiy Ostrog at the estuary of Angarka River (14 February; 66.85°N, 164.25°E; Merck 1782–1792 [1980]). The detailed map of the route was published by Sarychev (1811). Merck mentioned Anyuyskiy Ostrog as the final point of expedition, hence probably did not collect during the journey to Yakutsk through Nizhnekolymskiy Ostrog. Thus, the route from St. Laurent Bay to Anyuyskiy Ostrog should be considered as the type locality of O. h.  hyperborea .</p><p>Description.— Pikas of the A genetic lineage; northern acoustic race. Besides genetics, this subspecies can be distinguished from neighboring O. h. uralensis by the shape of parietal suture of the skull (Fig. 5). There are differences in the shape of the frequency modulation curve of alarm call with another spatial neighbor— O. h. cinereoflava (Fig. 6).</p><p>Distribution.— The most northeastern part of the distribution range of the species: Chukchi and Kamchatka Peninsulas, Kolyma and Koryak Uplands, and Indigirka River basin. Provisionally, the distributional border with O. h. uralensis corresponds roughly to the watershed between the Yana and Indigirka River basins (at least its eastern part). Junction with distribution of O. h. cinereoflava is possible to the north of the Dzhugdzhur Range.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes.— The nominal taxon  Ochotona hyperborea shamani provisionally is considered herein a junior synonym of O. h.  hyperborea .  Ochotona h. shamani was described on the basis of a sample of pikas from the Indigirka River basin (near Shamanovo: 69.95°N, 147.57°E); we had no genetic data from this location. Our distributional analysis confirmed the proximity of the Indigirka River basin to the distribution O. h.  hyperborea, although this factor alone cannot be used as a strong argument to select between O. h.  hyperborea and O. h. uralensis. The prevailing shape of the parietal suture in the studied sample also suggests this population belongs to O. h.  hyperborea .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B24F566DA22FF95FF462F3E48FE1927	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lissovsky, Andrey A.;Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V.;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M.	Lissovsky, Andrey A., Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V., Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M. (2021): Intraspecific variation and taxonomy of northern pika Ochotona hyperborea (Mammalia, Lagomorpha). Journal of Mammalogy 102 (1): 28-53, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa150
5B24F566DA23FF96FF012F7048731C06.text	5B24F566DA23FF96FF012F7048731C06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. uralensis Flerov 1927	<div><p>Ochotona hyperborea uralensis Flerov, 1927</p><p>Ochotona hyperborea naumovi Formozov et Yakhontov, 2003</p><p>Lectotype (designated by).— Ognev 1940 ZIN 16107, adult female, skull and skin. Collected by K. K. Flerov 10.8.1926 .  Paralectotypes (Baranova et al. 1981): ZIN 16106, 16110, 16111 .</p><p>Type locality (according to museum label).— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=62.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.79" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 62.78/lat 65.79)">Eastern</a> slope of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=62.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.79" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 62.78/lat 65.79)">Bolshoy Ural</a>, Kharuta River, Synya River tributary (65.79°N, 62.78°E)  .</p><p>Description.— Pikas of the B genetic lineage; northern acoustic race. The majority of the representatives of this subspecies (except for pikas from the Ural Mountains) have a clear V-shaped parietal suture (Fig. 5B). Accordingly, besides genetic identification, this subspecies can be distinguished from neighboring O. h.  hyperborea by the shape of the parietal suture of the skull (Fig. 5). There are differences in the shape of the frequency modulation curve of alarm call with another spatial neighbor— O. h. cinereoflava (Fig. 6).</p><p>Distribution.— The subspecies has a notably disjunct distribution—the northern Ural Mountains, Putorana Plateau and adjacent uplands, as well as Yakutia between the middle and lower Aldan River basin (to the north of Aldan Plateau) and Lena River basin (right bank, to the north of the Buotama River), including mountains of the Verkhoyansk region. The provisional distribution border with O. h.  hyperborea corresponds roughly to the course of the Indigirka River. The case of mitochondrial introgression from the latter subspecies was found in the Adycha River basin. This subspecies should contact O. h. cinereoflava along the foothills of the Aldan Plateau and Dzhugdzhur Range, but an exact contact zone remains unknown.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes.— Only two nominal taxa were described from the distribution range of this subspecies. The senior synonym appeared to be  Ochotona hyperborea uralensis Flerov, 1927, which described a specimen from the very remote isolate in Ural Mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B24F566DA23FF96FF012F7048731C06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lissovsky, Andrey A.;Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V.;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M.	Lissovsky, Andrey A., Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V., Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M. (2021): Intraspecific variation and taxonomy of northern pika Ochotona hyperborea (Mammalia, Lagomorpha). Journal of Mammalogy 102 (1): 28-53, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa150
5B24F566DA20FF97FF722A134BAC1F86.text	5B24F566DA20FF97FF722A134BAC1F86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. cinereofusca (Schrenk 1858)	<div><p>Ochotona hyperborea cinereofusca (Schrenk, 1858)</p><p>Ochotona svatoshi Turov, 1924</p><p>Ochotona hyperborea davanica Sokolov et al. 1994 Ochotona hyperborea stenorostrae Sokolov et al. 1994)</p><p>Neotype (designated herein, see below [Nomenclatural notes] for the rationale for designation of a neotype, as per Art. 75 of the ICZN [1999]).— ZMMU S-175370, adult female, skull (Supplementary Data SD9). Collected by A. A. Lissovsky and S. V. Kruskop 8 April 2003. Right lower jaw is broken. The specimen identification ( O. hyperborea versus  O. mantchurica) was carried out on the basis of morphology and bioacoustics (Lissovsky 2005; Lissovsky et al. 2008).</p><p>Type locality.—   Russia, Zabaykalskiy Territory, left bank of  Shilka River, 18 km below the mouth of the Dzheltuga River, 158 km above the mouth of the Shilka River ; 53.421°N, 119.871°E.</p><p>Description.— Pikas of the C genetic lineage; southern acoustic race. Specimens of O. h.  cinereofusca can be distinguished from O. h. cinereoflava on the basis of genetic traits only. Differences with another spatial neighbor O. h. fedoseevi include the shape of the frequency modulation curve of alarm call (Fig. 6).</p><p>Distribution.— Wide range from the Sayan and Khangai Mountains, Tannu-Ola Range in Tuva to the North Baikal Plateau in the north, and Khentiyn Nuruu, as well as mountains along the left bank of Shilka River in the east. Although O. h.  cinereofusca seems to be separated from other subspecies by unsuitable habitats (Supplementary Data SD6 and SD7), there are two zones of introgression of O. h.  cinereofusca genes into other subspecies. One of them, in Tukuringra Range, involves O. h. fedoseevi ssp. n. The second, in Aldan Plateau, involves O. h. cinereoflava.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes.— The name  cinereofusca was not used stably during the 20th century. Different authors have applied this name to different pikas of the Manchurian region. Leaving aside the problem of incorrect taxonomic identification of pikas from this region (Lissovsky et al. 2008; Formozov and Baklushinskaya 2011), the majority of authors have applied the name  cinereofusca to  O. mantchurica, mainly as “  O. alpina cinereofusca ” (Kuznetsov 1929; Ognev 1940; Feng and Zheng 1985; Smith et al. 1990; Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Yakhontov and Formozov (1992) proposed using this name for  O. hyperborea . Sokolov et al. (1994) did not use this name at all, although they placed it in the list of synonyms of  O. alpina (considering  O. mantchurica) and stated that the name belongs to  O. hyperborea .</p><p>The nominal taxon  Lagomys hyperboreus var. cinereofusca was described by L. Schrenk on the basis of two specimens collected by R. Maak in the “ Amur River.” The specimens were lost before S. Ognev (1940) wrote his revision. Published dates of the collected specimens allowed several authors (Yakhontov and Formozov 1992; Lissovsky et al. 2008; Formozov and Baklushinskaya 2011) to find exact localities where the specimens were collected. On the first day, 18 May, Maak collected a specimen in a site near the mouth of Tontokoy Spring (53.194°N, 119.419°E); the fact of collecting a pika is mentioned in the report (Maak 1859). The second day, 20 May, Maak landed at a meadow near the lower Anikino River (53.444°N, 120.287°E) and near the mouth of the Grishkina River (53.479°N, 120.760°E); no information about pikas was recorded for this day. All three sites are located on the left bank of the Shilka River. Lissovsky explored pika settlements along the entire length of Shilka River and found that the river separates  O. hyperborea and  O. mantchurica (Lissovsky et al. 2008) . Northern pikas sparsely inhabit only the left bank, while the Manchurian pikas live on the right bank only. Lissovsky explored all three places that comprise the terra typica of O. h.  cinereofusca (Tontokoy, Anikino, and Grishkina) and did not find pikas in any area. The meadow near the lower Anikino River has good taluses suitable for pikas, while stony habitats near the Tontokoy Spring and near mouth of the Grishkina River were found unsuitable for pikas at the moment of observation. It is highly likely that the stones were covered by vegetation during the last 150 years and abandoned by pikas. During the expeditions along the Shilka, one specimen (ZMMU S-175370) was collected between Tontokoy and Anikino.</p><p>Several years later, Formozov and Baklushinskaya (2011) designated the lost specimen collected by R. Maak near the mouth of Tontokoy Spring, as a lectotype, acting under the Art. 74.4 (ICZN 1999). The conclusion of this publication includes the statement that allocation of the name O. h.  cinereofusca to  O. hyperborea or  O. mantchurica cannot be considered as definitively solved because pikas from the terra typica (Tontokoy Spring at the moment) had not yet been studied.</p><p>Such a detailed explanation is necessary because the taxonomic allocation of the nominal taxon  Lagomys hyperboreus var. cinereofusca is crucial for the arrangement of pika names under discussion. The name  cinereofusca was described long before the name  mantchurica . Thus, if the name belongs to  O. mantchurica, the latter species and the subspecies of  O. hyperborea under discussion will be renamed. Until there is some probability of allocating  cinereofusca to  O. mantchurica, the nomenclature of the two species remains unstable. The nomenclatural action of Formozov and Baklushinskaya destabilize the situation because it deprives us of a chance to analyze material from the terra typica (because there is no more available habitat for pikas in this location). The lectotype (and paralectotype) of the nominal taxon  Lagomys hyperboreus var. cinereofusca was collected on the border of the distribution of two pika species; this lectotype (and the paralectotype) was lost many years ago, while the type specimen is urgently needed to identify taxonomic allocation of the name-bearer; hence, we designate a neotype here. The neotype is selected among the specimens collected as close as possible to the localities collected by Maak. This action should resolve the use of unstable names of two species of pikas from Amur region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B24F566DA20FF97FF722A134BAC1F86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lissovsky, Andrey A.;Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V.;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M.	Lissovsky, Andrey A., Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V., Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M. (2021): Intraspecific variation and taxonomy of northern pika Ochotona hyperborea (Mammalia, Lagomorpha). Journal of Mammalogy 102 (1): 28-53, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa150
5B24F566DA21FF90FF2F298B4BB11F66.text	5B24F566DA21FF90FF2F298B4BB11F66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. cinereoflava (Schrenk 1858)	<div><p>Ochotona hyperborea cinereoflava (Schrenk, 1858)</p><p>Lectotype (designated by Ognev 1940). ZIN 82201, skin with skull inside. Collected by M. Furman 18.02.1845 (Collection of A. F. Middendorff) .  Paralectotypes: ZIN 82202, male, skin with skull inside; 82203 sex unknown, broken skull and skin .</p><p>Type locality.— Russia, Khabarovsk Territory, lower Uda River, vicinities of Udskoe (“Udskoy ostrog”).</p><p>Description.— Pikas of the D genetic lineage; southern acoustic race. Occupying a central position in the species range, O. h. cinereoflava contacts four other subspecies (Supplementary Data SD7). It can be distinguished from O. h.  hyperborea, O. h. uralensis, and O. h. fedoseevi ssp. n. by the shape of the frequency modulation curve of its alarm call (Fig. 6). Differences with O. h. uralensis include also the shape of the parietal suture of the skull (Fig. 5). Separation from O. h.  cinereofusca is possible on the basis of genetic traits only.</p><p>Distribution.— KnownfromDzhugdzhurRangeandStanovoy Range; forms a zone of intergradation with O. h.  cinereofusca on the Aldan Plateau. Theoretically (Supplementary Data SD7), O. h. cinereoflava should contact with O. h. uralensis at the northern foothills of the Aldan Plateau and western foothills of the Dzhugdzhur Range; and contact O. h.  hyperborea to the north of the Dzhugdzhur Range. However, any such contact zones are not known.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes.— There only is one available name that has been described from the distribution range of this subspecies:  Lagomys hyperboreus var. cinereoflava Schrenk, 1858 . This taxon initially was described on the basis of three specimens (Schrenk 1858), collected from very remote areas (Lissovsky et al. 2003): “Udskoy Ostrog” (ca. 54.56°N, 134.27°E), Maya River (ca. 54.90°N, 133.91°E, 12.09.1845; collector, I. G. Woznessenskiy); and Olenek River (68.183°N, 112.25°E, 1.10.1854; collector, R. Maak). Both L. Schrenck and the museum label mention A. F. Middendorff as a collector of the specimen from Udskoy Ostrog. However, A. F. Middendorff collected animals in the Kamchatka Peninsula during this time (Sokolov and Shishkin 2005). His assistant M. Furman was left in Udskoe for collections and observations; most probably he was the real collector of the specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B24F566DA21FF90FF2F298B4BB11F66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lissovsky, Andrey A.;Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V.;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M.	Lissovsky, Andrey A., Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V., Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M. (2021): Intraspecific variation and taxonomy of northern pika Ochotona hyperborea (Mammalia, Lagomorpha). Journal of Mammalogy 102 (1): 28-53, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa150
5B24F566DA26FF90FF7E29334C241DC6.text	5B24F566DA26FF90FF7E29334C241DC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. fedoseevi	<div><p>Ochotona hyperborea fedoseevi,  ssp. nov. Lissovsky</p><p>Holotype.— Zoological Museum of Moscow State University S-194595, subadult male, skin and skull (Figs. 8 and 9). Collected by A. A. Lissovsky and E. V. Obolenskaya 12 September 2014 at Russia: Khabarovsk Territory; Bureinskiy Range, Bolshoy Suluk Lake; 51.301 N, 134.333 E.</p><p>Etymology.— The name is given in honor of famous land surveyor G. A. Fedoseev, who made a great contribution to the description of the Russian Far East; his popular books gave impulse to several generations of investigators to explore this territory.</p><p>Diagnosis.— The new subspecies can be distinguished from the rest  O. hyperborea (except for  Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis) by the specific shape of the frequency modulation curve of alarm call: the frequency grows first, then decreases (Fig. 6); ascending branch of the curve prevails over descending. Maximum of basal frequency is above 5500 Hz. Representatives of the new subspecies form separate clade E in the molecular phylogenetic analysis (Figs. 1 and 3).</p><p>Description.— The new subspecies cannot be distinguished from remaining  O. hyperborea by morphological traits; the identification should be carried out on the basis of bioacoustic and genetic features described in the diagnosis.</p><p>The dorsal parts of pikas in summer fur are reddish brown, ventral parts are ochraceous. The dorsal parts of winter specimens are gray brown with darker median stripe, sides are sandy, ventral parts are gray or sandy. Fur near eyes is gray. Condylobasal length 37.3 mm (35.4–39); zygomatic breadth 20.0 mm (18.9–20.7).</p><p>Distribution.— Inhabits a number of mountain ranges in the Russian Far East—from the left bank of the lower Amur River to Tukuringra Range in the west: Djaki-Unakhta-Yanbiyana, Bureinskiy, Turana, Ezop, Tukuringra–Dzhagdy, and closely situated mountain ranges and uplands. The northern limit of the distribution goes along the Uda River Valley and Verkhnezeyskaya Plain. The Tukuringra Range population bears mitotypes of O. h.  cinereofusca . The contact zone with O. h. cinereoflava has not yet been found, our model suggests this zone should be situated in the area of the upper Aldan River.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes.— No available names have been previously described from the distribution range of this subspecies. We therefore describe a new subspecies herein.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B24F566DA26FF90FF7E29334C241DC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lissovsky, Andrey A.;Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V.;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M.	Lissovsky, Andrey A., Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V., Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M. (2021): Intraspecific variation and taxonomy of northern pika Ochotona hyperborea (Mammalia, Lagomorpha). Journal of Mammalogy 102 (1): 28-53, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa150
5B24F566DA26FF91FC6A2C434BE51FA7.text	5B24F566DA26FF91FC6A2C434BE51FA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. yesoensis Kishida 1930	<div><p>Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis Kishida, 1930</p><p>Ochotona yoshikurai Kishida, 1932</p><p>Holotype.—  Botanic Garden and  Museum,  Field Science Center for  Northern Biosphere,  Hokkaido University HUNHM06803, adult male. Collected by Forestry Bureau of the Hokkaido Government Office in 11 October 1928.</p><p>Type locality.— “In Prov. Kitami, a northern part of that Island ” (Kishida 1930). Notsukeushi, Kitami according to the specimen label.</p><p>Description.— Pikas of the F genetic lineage; eastern acoustic race. Separation from the only spatial neighbor of this subspecies: O. h. fedoseevi ssp. n., is possible on the basis of genetic traits only.</p><p>Distribution.— Sikhote-Alin Range, Sakhalin, and Hokkaido Islands. The range of this subspecies is isolated from those of other subspecies of northern pikas.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes.— No available names were described from the mainland part of this subspecies’ distribution. Sakhalin pikas were described as  Ochotona yoshikurai Kishida, 1932 . The nominal taxon  Ochotona yesoensis Kishida, 1930, was described from Hokkaido Island; that region was not included in this study (except for bioacoustics). Nevertheless, Kartavtseva et al. (2014) analyzed the Cytochrome b gene of pikas from south of Russian Far East (genetic lineage F in our study) and Hokkaido Island and concluded that pikas from Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Sikhote-Alin represent the same phylogenetic clade. From the position of bioacoustics, it is known that pikas from Hokkaido belong to the eastern acoustic race (Kawamichi 1981; Lissovsky 2005; this study). Thus, there is no information about any taxonomic peculiarities with respect to the Japanese pika, and we consider it to belong to the same subspecies as pikas from mainland Sikhote-Alin Range and Sakhalin Island. The name  Ochotona yesoensis Kishida, 1930 is the senior synonym for the pikas from the distribution range of this subspecies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B24F566DA26FF91FC6A2C434BE51FA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lissovsky, Andrey A.;Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V.;Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.;Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M.	Lissovsky, Andrey A., Obolenskaya, Ekaterina V., Dokuchaev, Nikolai E., Okhlopkov, Innokentiy M. (2021): Intraspecific variation and taxonomy of northern pika Ochotona hyperborea (Mammalia, Lagomorpha). Journal of Mammalogy 102 (1): 28-53, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa150
