identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2A56C05E88488018A9EFFB7CD56E6F69.text	2A56C05E88488018A9EFFB7CD56E6F69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Careproctus candidus Gilbert and Burke 1912	<div><p>Careproctus candidus Gilbert and Burke 1912</p><p>Bigeye Snailfish</p><p>Figures 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5; Tables 1, 2; Supplemental Table A</p><p>Careproctus candidus Gilbert and Burke 1912 b: 77, fig. 22 (original description).</p><p>Type locality: Aleutian Islands, off Attu Island, 135 fms depth; Jordan et al., 1930: 403 (checklist, Aleutian Islands); Soldatov and Lindberg, 1930: 378 (description, in key, possible in Russian waters); Böhlke, 1953: 135 (type catalog); Kido, 1988: 128 (reallocated from  Temnocora); Robins et al., 1991: 44 (common name); Mecklenburg et al., 2002: 605 (Alaska, illustration, description, key); Nelson et al., 2004: 124 (common names); Love et al., 2005: 101 (checklist); Page et al., 2013: 127 (common names); Orr et al., 2019: 13 (molecular phylogenetics); Orr, 2021: 465 (compared with  C. maslenikovae and  C. spiraki).</p><p>Temnocora candida: Burke, 1930: 146 (new combination, description, key); Taranetz, 1937: 137 (checklist, Bering Sea); Andriashev, 1939: 47 (not seen, cited in Parin et al., 2002, 2014); Wilimovsky, 1954: 287 (checklist, Bering Sea); Wilimovsky, 1958: 79 (Alaska, Bering Sea, in key); Quast and Hall, 1972: 32 (checklist, Bering Sea and Cook Inlet); Fedorov, 1973a: 21 (not seen, cited in Parin et al., 2002, 2014); Fedorov, 1973b: 67 (Bering Sea); Matarese et al., 1989: 475, table 1 (meristics); Borets, 2000: 98 (not seen, cited in Parin et al., 2002, 2014); Sheiko and Fedorov, 2000: 33 (Russia); Chernova et al., 2004: 51 (checklist); Orr and Maslenikov, 2007: 708, figs. 1C, 2C (compared with  C. comus and  C. faunus); Datsky, 2015: 808 (western Bering Sea); Orr, 2021 (compared with  C. maslenikovae and  C. spiraki); Fricke et al., 2021: online (valid).</p><p>Temnocara  candida: Eschmeyer, 1998: 2147, 2475 (lapsus calami); Parin et al., 2002: S128 (northern Kuril Islands, southeastern Kamchatka, possibly off Commander Islands).</p><p>Holotype.— USNM 74384, 60.7 mm,  Aleutian Islands, off Attu Island, 52.93 8 N, 173.43 8 E, 247 m (135 fms) depth, Albatross Station 4784, 11 June 1906.</p><p>Paratypes.— 3 specimens, 56.3–63.6 mm. CAS-SU 22367, 61.4 mm, collected with holotype;  USNM 74527, 2, 56.3–63.6 mm, collected with holotype .</p><p>Non-type material examined.—  64 specimens, 27–94.7 mm. CAS-ICH 47731, 74.5 mm, 52.3964 8 N, 174.1347 8 E, 168–188 m depth, R / V Hatsue Maru No. 62, T. Iwamoto, 16 August 1980;   UW 48241, 2, 60.5–70.5 mm, 52.3975 8 N, 171.831 8 W, 271 m depth, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 53, benthic bag, J. W. Orr, 31 May 2000 ;   UW 111862, 66 mm, 52.5987 8 N, 169.3605 8 W, 231 m depth, F/ V  Morning Star, cruise 2001-01, haul 1, benthic bag, J. W. Orr, 20 May 2001 ;   UW 111864, 73.9 mm, 52.0722 8 N, 175.274 8 W, 88 m depth, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 104, benthic bag, W. C. Flerx, 15 June 2000 ;   UW 111870, 77.9 mm, 52.3430 8 N, 179.8847 8 W, 159 m depth, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 1997-01, haul 164, 21 July 1997 ;   UW 113665, 4, 55.5–74.7 mm, 52.1634 8 N, 179.4879 8 E, 242 m depth, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 176, benthic bag, R. N. Clark, 13 July 2002 ;   UW 113666, 69.7 mm, 52.2748 8 N, 172.9359 8 W, 291 m depth, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 65, benthic bag, 3 June 2000 ;   UW 113698, 73 mm, 52.2754 8 N, 170.5991 8 W, 235 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2004-01, haul 34, J. W. Orr, 14 June 2004 ;   UW 113701, 67.7 mm, 51.9059 8 N, 178.2489 8 E, 249 m depth, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 152, benthic bag, R. N. Clark, 6 July 2002 ;   UW 113703, 70 mm, 53.7028 8 N, 167.3344 8 W, 88 m depth, F/ V  Morning Star, cruise 2002-01, haul 5, J. W. Orr, 27 May 2002 ;   UW 113705, 2, 58.7 –62.0 mm, 51.4255 8 N, 178.8431 8 E, 197 m depth, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2004-01, haul 160, benthic bag, G. C. Jensen, 15 July 2004 ;   UW 113711, 66.8 mm, 51.6034 8 N, 176.4098 8 W, 237 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2002-01, haul 87, J. W. Orr, 3 July 2002 ;   UW 113712, 67.6 mm, 51.6151 8 N, 178.445 8 W, 149 m depth, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 114, benthic bag, R. N. Clark, 24 June 2002 ;   UW 117177, 90.5 mm, 52.3675 8 N, 171.2463 8 W, 320 m depth, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2006-01, haul 39, benthic bag, J. W. Orr, 16 June 2006 ;   UW 117243, 3, 53–80 mm, 52.6466 8 N, 170.2027 8 W, 229 m depth, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2006-01, haul 35, benthic bag, J. W. Orr, 15 June 2006 ;   UW 117558, 66 mm, 52.9288 8 N, 170.4111 8 W, 221 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2006-01, haul 29, B. Knoth, 14 June 2006 ;   UW 119399, 65.4 mm, 52.1428 8 N, 175.2807 8 W, 208 m depth, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2006-01, haul 66, benthic bag, J. W. Orr, 24 June 2006 ;   UW 154479, 54.4 mm, 54.2021 8 N, 166.1854 8 W, 164 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2010-01, haul 8, J. W. Orr, 11 June 2010 ;  UW 154876, 4, 32–78 mm, 52.0271 8 N, 177.7521 8 W, 192 m depth, F/ V Sea Storm, cruise 2014-01, haul 153, 17 July 2014;   UW 154881, 72.5 mm, 52.036 8 N, 179.3053 8 E, 277 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2012-01, haul 137, W. C. Flerx, 12 July 2012 ;   UW 155474, 94.7 mm, 52.3431 8 N, 170.7108 8 W, 223 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2002-01, haul 199, R. C. Harrison, 3 August 2002 ;   UW 155477, 2, 81.3–85.1 mm, 52.4024 8 N, 171.8333 8 W, 270 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2002-01, haul 213, R. C. Harrison, 8 August 2002 ;   UW 155514, 70.5 mm, 52.3519 8 N, 174.5369 8 W, 109 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2002-01, haul 4, benthic bag, K. E. Pearson, 13 June 2002 ;   UW 155515, 57.2 mm, 52.4212 8 N, 170.2785 8 W, 211 m depth, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 43, benthic bag, J. W. Orr, 29 May 2000 ;   UW 155517, 61.6 mm, 52.6475 8 N, 170.2191 8 W, 226 m depth, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 40, benthic bag, 27 May 2000 ;   UW 156091, 2, 62–70.5 mm, 52.4766 8 N, 170.1449 8 W, 183 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2012-01, haul 44, D. Drumm, 18 June 2012 ;   UW 156094, 59 mm, 54.5625 8 N, 159.0424 8 W, 133 m depth, F/ V Alaska  Provider, cruise 2013-01, haul 72, P. Von Szalay, 15 June 2013 ;   UW 156095, 71 mm, 53.0181 8 N, 170.3998 8 W, 297 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2012-01, haul 31, D. Drumm, 13 June 2012 ;   UW 157674, 71.2 mm, 51.3651 8 N, 178.9066 8 E, 165 m depth, F/ V Alaska  Provider, cruise 2016-01, haul 135, benthic bag, 8 July 2016 ;   UW 157675, 67.2 mm, 51.4295 8 N, 178.8275 8 E, 214 m depth, F/ V Alaska  Provider, cruise 2016-01, haul 138, benthic bag, 9 July 2016 ;   UW 158239, 80 mm, 52.9358 8 N, 170.4509 8 W, 250 m depth, F/ V  Ocean Explorer, cruise 2012-01, haul 37, 17 June 2012 ;   UW 158243, 58.7 mm, 52.2657 8 N, 170.8021 8 W, 226 m depth, F/ V  Ocean Explorer, cruise 2012-01, haul 45, 18 June 2012 ;   UW 158244, 63.5 mm, 52.9825 8 N, 170.3857 8 W, 218 m depth, F/ V  Ocean Explorer, cruise 2012-01, haul 36, 17 June 2012 ;   UW 158246, 65.5 mm, 58.7219 8 N, 151.9983 8 W, 146 m depth, F/ V  Morning Star, cruise 2001-01, haul 264, 22 July 2001 ;   UW 158247, 79.1 mm, 52.288 8 N, 170.7933 8 W, 219 m depth, F/ V  Ocean Explorer, cruise 2012-01, haul 44, 18 June 2012 ;   UW 158253, 51.7 mm, 51.8588 8 N, 178.4628 8 E, 218 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2012-01, haul 147, 15 July 2012 ;   UW 158291, 2, 73.8–78 mm, 52.1823 8 N, 172.4394 8 W, 190 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2012-01, haul 75, D. Drumm, 25 June 2012 ;   UW 158411, 59.9 mm, 52.4759 8 N, 170.7595 8 W, 258 m depth, F/ V  Ocean Explorer, cruise 2012-01, haul 46, 19 June 2012 ;   UW 158412, 2, 64.0– 81.2 mm, 51.6261 8 N, 178.439 8 W, 178 m depth, F/ V  Ocean Explorer, cruise 2018- 01, haul 107, N. E. Roberson, 5 July 2018 ;   UW 159755, 53.3 mm, 52.9582 8 N, 170.4005 8 W, 220 m depth, F/ V  Morning Star, cruise 2002-01, haul 51, benthic bag, 4 June 2002 ;   UW 159757, 27 mm, 51.6022 8 N, 177.5741 8 W, 226 m depth, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 116, benthic bag, K. E. Pearson, 19 June 2000 ;   UW 159759, 67 mm, 53.1303 8 N, 169.9617 8 W, 433 m depth, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 35, 26 May 2000 ;   UW 159761, 2, 85–89 mm, 51.8454 8 N, 173.8995 8 W, 246 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2004-01, haul 78, R. N. Clark, 28 June 2004 ;   UW 159774, 76.4 mm, 51.8653 8 N, 178.3737 8 E, 222 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2014-01, haul 147, G. R. Hoff, 16 July 2014 ;   UW 159775, 76.8 mm, 51.6249 8 N, 178.4132 8 E, 154 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2014-01, haul 133, G. R. Hoff, 12 July 2014 ;   UW 159776, 66.1 mm, 52.0362 8 N, 178.0337 8 E, 198 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2004-01, haul 140, R. N. Clark, 10 July 2004 ;   UW 159777, 77.6 mm, 52.2307 8 N, 175.242 8 E, 146 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2002-01, haul 138, J. W. Orr, 16 July 2002 ;   UW 159778, 75 mm, 51.6843 8 N, 175.5556 8 E, 180 m depth, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 158, benthic bag, R. N. Clark, 7 July 2002 ;   UW 159779, 76.5 mm, 52.3032 8 N, 175.815 8 E, 243 m depth, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 169, benthic bag, R. N. Clark, 10 July 2002  .</p><p>Diagnosis.—  Careproctus candidus is distinguished from all described species of  Careproctus by having the following combination of characters: dorsal fin with anterior lobe of one to three longer rays followed by one to three shortened rays forming a distinct notch, pupil a horizontal ellipse or slit, variegated coloration of reddish pink and white, and prickles often present. It is similar to other species in the subgenus  Temnocora (Orr et al., 2019), but it is further distinguished from those species by the presence of a dorsal-fin lobe defined by a distinct notch (lacking in all other members of the subgenus), as well as in having a lower total vertebral count than  C. comus and  C. faunus (46–51 vs. 56–61 and 52–56 for  C. comus and  C. faunus, respectively). It is most similar to  Careproctus klisi,  new species, but it differs in having a more slender body at anal-fin origin 58.2–92.3 (mean 71.2) % HL (vs. 75.6–100.0 [mean 87.3] % HL in  C. klisi,  new species) and more slender body at midpoint of anal fin 23.6–42.9 (mean 30.8) % HL (vs. 36.1–53.1 [mean 42.2] % HL in  C. klisi,  new species), as well a distinct dorsal-fin notch (vs. notch lacking in  C. klisi,  new species).</p><p>Description.— Body robust, deepest at dorsal-fin origin, tapering posteriorly, rounded in cross section anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; depth at dorsal-fin origin 76.5–110.1 (89.4) % HL; depth at anal-fin origin 58.2–92.3 (75.9) % HL; depth at midpoint of anal fin 23.6–42.9 (27.7) % HL. Head large and robust, its length 25.7–31.0 (28.0) % SL, dorsal profile rounded from nape to snout. Snout blunt, slightly projecting anterior to lower jaw. Mouth subterminal, maxilla 34.0–51.7 (40.6) % HL, extending to anterior edge of pupil or to mid-orbit, oral cleft extending to anterior rim of orbit or to a point slightly anterior to orbit. Lower jaw slightly inferior, premaxillary tooth plates matching mandibular tooth plates.</p><p>Both premaxillary and mandibular teeth trilobed in 8–12 oblique rows of 4–10 teeth. Diastemata absent at symphysis of upper and lower jaws. Orbit large, 31.2–47.6 (31.2) % HL, dorsal margin below dorsal contour of head, suborbital depth to maxilla 10.0–60.4 (60.4) % OL; pupil a horizontal ellipse to a horizontal slit. Interorbital space moderate, fleshy distance 12.9–38.7 (26.5) % HL, bony distance 5.5–16.7 % HL. Snout ranging from shorter than to about equal to orbit length, 59.2–109.4 (109.4) % OL, 21.6–38.3 (34.1) % HL. Nostril single, opening flush with snout or in a tube reaching to 5.0 (flush with snout) % HL.</p><p>Pores of cephalic lateralis of moderate size: pore pattern 2- 6-7-2; chin pores two. Free neuromasts (Andriashev and Stein, 1998) about 4–5, small and difficult to discern, originating above gill slit and extending to a level at mid-body to a distance about level with anus.</p><p>Gill opening small, 14.0–24.9 (19.4) % HL, upper margin level with upper rim of orbit or mid-orbit, extending ventrally to just above pectoral fin or to pectoral-fin ray one, two, or three. Opercular flap angular. Gill rakers 6–10, short, blunt.</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 37–49 (48; Table 1), all rays simple. Anterior dorsal-fin lobe present, composed of about seven rays: first three to four rays longer, rays four or five through seven shortened to form a distinct notch, rays eight and beyond lengthening (Fig. 3A). Rays of anterior dorsal-fin lobe variably exserted, ranging from not exserted to exserted for up to half their length (Fig. 3A, B). Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines two and three, bearing a single small ray. Anterior rayless pterygiophore absent. Predorsal length 24.3–32.5 (28.8) % SL.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 35–41 (40; Table 1), anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first haemal spine one to three, each bearing a single ray, or absent (one). All rays simple. Anal-fin origin below vertebrae 10–12 (below caudal vertebrae 1–3; below caudal vertebra two in holotype), preanal length 34.7–46.9 (37.9) % SL.</p><p>Pectoral fin shallowly to moderately notched, with 31–41 rays (35; Table 1). Upper lobe of 23–32 (23) rays extending to anal-fin ray one to seven, dorsalmost rays lengthening to rays 6–8, more ventral rays gradually shortening to shortest ray of notch. Dorsal margin crenulate, fin margins more emarginate ventrally. Lower lobe with 6–12 (12) rays, extending to just past anus or beyond to just before anal-fin origin; dorsal rays of lower lobe gradually lengthening to thicker and fleshy rays 2–3, ventral rays gradually shortening to ventralmost ray near pectoral symphysis. Tips of rays 10–70 % free of membrane, rays of lower lobe more strongly exserted. Rays in notch slightly more widely spaced than rays of lobes. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with region between mid-orbit and ventral rim of orbit.</p>variegated whitevariegated whitevariegated brownvariegated red,variegated red,variegated pinkish /mottled red andand pinkand pinkand whitewhite, and graywhite, and grayyellowish andpale with goldenwhiteslash along body<p>Proximal pectoral radials four (3 þ 1), robust; proximal radial one notched, radial two rounded (6 specimens, Fig. 4A, B) or notched (1 specimen, Orr and Maslenikov, 2007), radial three rounded (5 specimens, Fig. 4A) or notched (2 specimens, Fig. 4B), radial four a rounded square (Fig. 4A, B). Interradial fenestrae one (5 specimens, Fig. 4A) or two (2 specimens, Fig. 4B), one always oval, extending between scapula and proximal radial one, when two fenestrae present, second small, slender, extending between proximal radial two and three (Fig. 4B). Scapula broadly Y-shaped with robust helve; coracoid with triangular head and long helve. Anterodorsal hook present, distinctly pointed (Fig. 4A) or small and rounded (Fig. 4B). Distal radials present at base of rays two to 29–34, ventral 6–9 rays articulating directly with fibrocartilage pad.</p><p>Pelvic disk moderately large, length 26.4–39.4 (30.0) % HL, round, typically slightly longer than wide, width 23.2–38.8 (29.4) % HL, anterior lobe moderately developed, flat with margins often slightly upturned, distance from tip of upper jaw to pelvic disk 11.8–20.2 (13.5) % SL. Anus closer to pelvic disk than to anal-fin origin, 4.2–20.2 (11.8) % HL from pelvic disk, distance from tip of upper jaw to anus 21.9–33.2 (25.4) % SL.</p><p>Principal caudal-fin rays 10–11 (10; Table 1), dorsal procurrent rays 1 to 3 (2), ventral procurrent rays 0 to 3 (1). Membrane of posterior dorsal-fin rays attached for shorter distance to caudal fin than anal-fin rays: dorsal-fin rays attached to caudal fin 12.9–37.7 (28.6) % CL; anal-fin rays 19.8–48.5 (19.8) % CL. Depth at base of caudal fin 9.4–19.0 % CL.</p><p>Skin thin and somewhat loose in preservation, prickles present, ranging from very few to many. Prickles densest in patches on head, on fin membrane of anterior dorsal-fin lobe, along base of median fins, and on caudal peduncle, otherwise widely scattered. Many specimens with few prickles present, with two or three in otherwise dense patch areas. Pyloric caeca 16–24, length about 25% HL.</p><p>Vertebrae 46–51 (51), precaudal 9–10 (10), caudal 36–42 (41; Table 1). Pleural ribs 1–3 (3), present on vertebrae 8–10, all slender, those on vertebra nine long, slightly more robust, others short when present. Hypural plate composed of dorsal and ventral plates divided by slight notch in plate. Single epural present.</p><p>Coloration.— Body variegated pink and white in life, head with white blotch on cheek, white blotches often scattered over body (Fig. 1). Median fins with darker reddish-orange to brownish coloring especially posteriorly. Eye greenish gold in life with pupil a horizontal ellipse to horizontal slit. Eye black in preservation. Body pale in preservation, sometimes with scattered melanophores along posterior portions of median fins (Fig. 2A). Peritoneum, orobranchial cavity, stomach, intestines, pyloric caeca, and urogenital papilla pale.</p><p>Life history.— The largest specimen examined was a ripe female 94.7 mm (UW 155474), yolked egg diameter 2.7 mm. The smallest female with yolked eggs was 65.5 mm (UW 158246). Two smaller, spent females 54.4–62.0 mm were also found. Right ovaries were dissected from two females with yolked eggs; five to eight yolked eggs (1.9–3.7 mm diameter) were present with a roughly equal amount of developed but unyolked eggs (0.6 mm diameter) and with many small immature eggs present (0.2–0.3 mm diameter). One ripe male was found 73.8 mm (UW 158291).</p><p>Distribution.— Based on our material,  Careproctus candidus ranges from Attu Island in the Aleutian Islands to the northern Gulf of Alaska, north of Kodiak Island (Fig. 5). Collection depths range from 88 to 433 m. The species is also reported from the western Pacific region off southeastern Kamchatka and the northern Kuril Islands (Sheiko and Fedorov, 2000; Mecklenburg et al., 2002) and to depths of 64 and 518 m (Mecklenburg et al., 2002). Although these records are likely of members of the subgenus  Temnocora, we have not confirmed the identification of these specimens as  C. candidus .</p><p>Etymology.— Derived from the Latin  candidus literally meaning ‘‘shining white’’ or loosely as ‘‘transcendently beautiful,’’ likely in reference to the white blotching and variegated reddish coloring of the species.</p><p>Remarks.— Three specimens (UW 155512, UW 155513, UW 158398) may represent an undescribed species. All three are ripe or spent females and the two ripe females were smaller (62.5–64.0 mm SL) than the smallest ripe female of  C. candidus examined (65.5 mm SL). They differ from  C. candidus posteriorly in having a more rapidly tapering profile, becoming more slender at the midpoint of the anal fin 20.9–23.0 % HL (vs. 23.6–42.9 % HL in  C. candidus sensu stricto), and a shorter predorsal length 77.0–90.2 (vs. 84.5– 104.9 % HL). We postpone a description of this species until more material becomes available.</p><p>In addition to pectoral-girdle morphology,  C. candidus exhibited diversity in other characters. The rays comprising the dorsal-fin lobe, anterior to the dorsal notch, were variably exserted, ranging from no exsertion to being exserted for up to half the ray length. The paratypes for  C. candidus all have an intermediate level of exsertion with the fin margin being crenulate and just the tips of the rays being exserted. Prickles were present, but the amount varies, with some specimens having prickles widely scattered over the body, some having prickles isolated in distinct, dense patches, and some having only a few prickles in one of the patch locations. Previously, prickles were not known to occur in  C. candidus, but this may have been due to the prickles being missed during the original description as the types possess only a few prickles each. These ranges of variation in character states are not seen in other members of the subgenus  Temnocora . Additionally, Orr et al. (2019: fig. 10, appendix table 1) reported molecular diversity in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence data among specimens identified as  C. candidus, although we found no morphological differences between these specimens. This morphological and genetic diversity suggests unrecognized species diversity may be present within  C. candidus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A56C05E88488018A9EFFB7CD56E6F69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gardner, Jennifer R.;Orr, James W.;Tornabene, Luke	Gardner, Jennifer R., Orr, James W., Tornabene, Luke (2023): Two New Species of Snailfishes (Cottiformes: Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and a Redescription of the Closely Related Careproctus candidus. Ichthyology & Herpetology 111 (1): 54-71, DOI: 10.1643/i2022009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/i2022009
2A56C05E884E8015AA3AFA6AD5FA6DED.text	2A56C05E884E8015AA3AFA6AD5FA6DED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Careproctus klisi Gardner & Orr & Tornabene 2023	<div><p>Careproctus klisi,  new species</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A2BD6236-2323-48C7-969C-79F06C6C46FD</p><p>Ramped Snailfish</p><p>Figures 3C, 4C, 4D, 5, 6, 7; Tables 1, 2; Supplemental Table A</p><p>Holotype.— UW 200421 (out of UW 154881), 105.3 mm, male,  Aleutian Islands, Petrel Bank, northeast of Semisopochnoi Island, 52.0360 8 N, 179.3053 8 E, 277 m depth, F/ V Sea Storm, cruise 2012-01, haul 137, W. C. Flerx, 12 July 2012.</p><p>Paratypes.— 12 specimens, 72.4–106.0 mm. SIO 22-1 (ex UW 155519), 92.3 mm, 52.0756 8 N, 176.3549 8 E, 149 m depth, F/ V Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 177, 6 July 2000;  UAM 4013 (ex UW 155516), 97.7 mm, 52.0874 8 N, 176.3232 8 E, 145 m depth, F/ V Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 175, 5 July 2000;  USNM 439017 (ex UW 159773), 80.0 mm, 52.3688 8 N, 179.9117 8 W, 182 m depth, F/ V Sea Storm, cruise 2014-01, haul 118, G. R. Hoff, 8 July 2014;  UW 117553, 106.0 mm, 52.0340 8 N, 176.4665 8 E, 152 m depth, F/ V Sea Storm, cruise 2006-01, haul 191, 24 July 2006;  UW 117556, 103.5 mm, 52.5192 8 N, 179.5092 8 W, 135 m depth, F/ V Sea Storm, cruise 2006-01, haul 86, B. Knoth, 29 June 2006;  UW 117559, 89.7 mm, 52.0537 8 N, 176.4118 8 E, 142 m depth, F/ V Sea Storm, cruise 2006-01, haul 195, 25 July 2006;  UW 155354, 86.5 mm, 51.9269 8 N, 176.6285 8 E, 149 m depth, F/ V Ocean Explorer, cruise 2010-01, haul 124, 15 July 2010;  UW 155411, 95.5 mm, 52.2281 8 N, 175.2933 8 E, 173 m depth, F/ V Sea Storm, cruise 2004-01, haul 197, P. Von Szalay, 25 July 2004;  UW 155491, 88.7 mm, 52.5150 8 N, 179.5188 8 W, 134 m depth, F/ V Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 181, benthic bag, 14 July 2002;  UW 155518, 72.4 mm, 51.8447 8 N, 173.9294 8 W, 257 m depth, F/ V Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 88, W. C. Flerx, 14 June 2000;  UW 158344, 90.3 mm, 52.0381 8 N, 179.3166 8 E, 280 m depth, F/ V Ocean Explorer, cruise 2018-01, haul 121, N. E. Roberson, 11 July 2018;  UW 159772, 103.6 mm, 52.5150 8 N, 179.5188 8 W, 134 m depth, F/ V Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 181, A. A. Abookire, 14 July 2002 .</p><p>Diagnosis.—  Careproctus klisi is distinguished from described species of  Careproctus by having the following combination of characters: coloration variegated; anterior dorsal-fin lobe absent; pupil a horizontal ellipse to horizontal slit; prickles absent; body deep at dorsal-fin origin, anal-fin origin, and the midpoint of anal fin; and anus close to pelvic disk. It is most similar to  C. candidus, with which it shares variegated coloring, pupil a horizontal ellipse to horizontal slit, and counts of dorsal-fin rays, anal-fin rays, and vertebrae. It can be distinguished from  C. candidus in having a unique anterior dorsal-fin configuration in which the dorsal fin is composed of two contiguous sections: the anterior section of six to seven short rays of approximately equal lengths, followed by a long posterior section of rays that are longer than the anterior section and of approximately equal lengths. It also has a deeper body than  C. candidus: depth at anal-fin origin 75.6– 100.0 (mean 87.3) % HL (vs. 58.2–92.3 [mean 71.2] % HL in  C. candidus), depth at midpoint of anal fin 36.1–53.1 (mean 42.2) % HL (vs. 23.6–42.9 [mean 30.8] % HL in  C. candidus).</p><p>Description.— Body robust, deepest at dorsal-fin origin, tapering gradually posteriorly, rounded in cross section anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; depth at dorsal-fin origin 91.8–113.4 (102.0) % HL; depth at anal-fin origin 75.6–100.0 (100.0) % HL; depth at midpoint of anal fin 36.1–53.1 (53.1) % HL. Head large and robust, its length 27.5–29.4 (29.0) % SL, dorsal profile rounded from nape to snout. Snout blunt, slightly projecting anterior to lower jaw. Mouth subterminal, maxilla 33.5–39.8 (36.7) % HL, extending to anterior edge of pupil or to mid-orbit, oral cleft extending to anterior rim of orbit. Lower jaw slightly inferior, premaxillary tooth plates matching mandibular tooth plates. Both premaxillary and mandibular teeth trilobed in 8–13 oblique rows of 5–10 teeth. Diastemata absent at symphysis of upper and lower jaws. Orbit large, 30.4–40.5 (31.5) % HL, dorsal margin below dorsal contour of head, suborbital depth to maxilla 23.5–47.1 (43.8) % OL; pupil a horizontal ellipse to a horizontal slit. Interorbital space moderate, fleshy distance 24.1–32.2 (28.2) % HL, bony distance 10.4–14.4 (10.8) % HL. Snout about equal to orbit length, 74.3–112.8 (112.5) % OL, 29.0–36.2 (35.4) % HL. Nostril single, in well-developed tube level with mid-orbit; nostril tube length 1.2–4.4 (3.0) % HL.</p><p>Pores of cephalic lateralis of moderate size; pore pattern 2- 6-7-2; chin pores two in a single pit. Free neuromasts about 4–5, small and difficult to discern, originating above gill slit and extending to a level at mid-body to a distance about level with anus.</p><p>Gill opening small, 14.1–25.9 (25.9) % HL, upper margin level with upper rim of orbit or mid-orbit, extending ventrally to just above pectoral fin or to pectoral-fin ray one or two (entirely above). Opercular flap angular. Gill rakers 7–10, short, blunt.</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 43–48 (47; Table 1), all rays simple. Anterior dorsal-fin lobe absent, dorsal fin composed of two contiguous sections: the anterior with ray one shorter than rays two through five to seven, which are nearly equal in length, rays either not exserted or tips barely exserted from fin membrane; the posterior section starting at rays six to eight with rays longer than those of anterior section and approximately equal in length (Fig. 3C). Anterior part of dorsal fin often bent in fresh specimens (Fig. 6A, C) resulting in the appearance of a notch when one is not present. Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines two and three, bearing a single small ray. Anterior rayless pterygiophore present. Predorsal length 24.8–28.5 (27.1) % SL.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 37–41 (40; Table 1), anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first haemal spine one or two (two), each bearing a single ray. All rays simple. Anal-fin origin below vertebrae 10– 11 (caudal vertebra 1), preanal length 38.0–46.0 (38.0) % SL.</p><p>Pectoral fin moderately notched, with 36–39 rays (39; Table 1). Upper lobe of 27–30 (30) rays extending to anal-fin ray two to four, dorsalmost rays lengthening to rays 6–8, more ventral rays gradually shortening to shortest ray of notch. Dorsal margin crenulate, fin margins more emarginate ventrally. Lower lobe with 7–9 (9) rays, extending to just past anus or beyond to halfway between anus and anal-fin origin; dorsal rays of lower lobe gradually lengthening to thicker and fleshy rays 2–3, ventral rays gradually shortening to ventralmost ray near pectoral symphysis. Tips of rays 10–70 % free of membrane, rays of lower lobe more strongly exserted. Rays in notch slightly more widely spaced than rays of lobes. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with region between mid-orbit and ventral rim of orbit.</p><p>Proximal pectoral radials four (3 þ 1), robust; proximal radials one through three round, radial four a rounded square (Fig. 4C, D). Interradial fenestrae one (1 specimen, Fig. 4C) or two (1 specimen, Fig. 4D), scapular fenestra always ovular, extending between scapula and proximal radial one; when two fenestrae present, second is very small, slender, extending between proximal radials two and three but not reaching either. Scapula broadly Y-shaped with robust helve; coracoid with triangular head and long helve. Anterodorsal hook small, rounded. Distal radials present at base of all but the first pectoral-fin ray and ventral 7–8 rays, which articulate directly with fibrocartilage pad.</p><p>Pelvic disk moderately large, length 29.5–37.1 (31.2) % HL, round, typically slightly longer than wide, width 26.2–35.9 (33.4) % HL, anterior lobe moderately developed, flat with margins often slightly upturned, distance from tip of upper jaw to pelvic disk 12.6–19.9 (17.2) % SL. Anus closer to pelvic disk than to anal-fin origin, 4.7–14.8 (14.8) % HL from pelvic disk, distance from tip of upper jaw to anus 22.9–28.6 (22.9) % SL.</p><p>Principal caudal-fin rays 10–11 (11; Table 1), dorsal procurrent rays 1 to 3 (2), ventral procurrent rays 0 to 2 (1). Membrane of posterior dorsal-fin rays attached for shorter distance to caudal fin than anal-fin rays: dorsal-fin rays attached to caudal fin 19.8–36.4 (28.4) % CL; anal-fin rays 35.7–54.8 (45.2) % CL. Depth at base of caudal fin 11.9–17.8 (15.5) % CL.</p><p>Skin thin and somewhat loose in preservation, prickles absent. Pyloric caeca 17–21, long with rounded tips, about 25% HL.</p><p>Vertebrae 47–51 (49), precaudal 9–10 (10), caudal 37–42 (39; Table 1). Pleural ribs 1–2 (1), present on vertebrae eight to nine, anteriormost small when two present, other long and slender. Hypural plate composed of dorsal and ventral plates divided by slight notch in plate. Single epural present.</p><p>Coloration.— Body variegated pinkish and pale in life, head with white blotch on cheek, white spots often scattered over body and with darker reddish to brownish along distal margins of median fins posteriorly (Fig. 6). Eye greenish dorsally to goldish ventrally in life with pupil a horizontal ellipse to a horizontal slit. Body pale and vaguely mottled in preservation, eye black (Fig. 7A). Peritoneum, orobranchial cavity, stomach, intestines, pyloric caeca, and urogenital papilla pale.</p><p>Life history.— Largest specimen examined was an immature female 106.0 mm (UW 117553), with immature eggs 0.4 mm in diameter. All females were maturing or immature; none were ripe with yolked eggs. In maturing females, only opaque, developed but unyolked eggs, and translucent, immature eggs less than 1 mm were present. In immature females, only very small, translucent immature eggs were present. Ten females were maturing or immature, the smallest being 72.4 mm (UW 155518). One male 103.5 mm (UW 117556) was ripe and two males, 92.3–105 mm, were mature.</p><p>Distribution.—  Careproctus klisi has been collected in the western and central Aleutian Islands from west of Buldir Island and on Petrel Bank to south of Amlia Island in the east (Fig. 5). Collection depths ranged from 134 to 280 m.</p><p>Etymology.— The species epithet is derived from the Greek JK´IRG, meaning ‘‘incline’’ or ‘‘ramp,’’ to signify the unique anterior dorsal-fin morphology present in the species. It is to be treated as a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A56C05E884E8015AA3AFA6AD5FA6DED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gardner, Jennifer R.;Orr, James W.;Tornabene, Luke	Gardner, Jennifer R., Orr, James W., Tornabene, Luke (2023): Two New Species of Snailfishes (Cottiformes: Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and a Redescription of the Closely Related Careproctus candidus. Ichthyology & Herpetology 111 (1): 54-71, DOI: 10.1643/i2022009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/i2022009
2A56C05E88428012A9EFFF4BD4B86DE2.text	2A56C05E88428012A9EFFF4BD4B86DE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Careproctus bromius Gardner & Orr & Tornabene 2023	<div><p>Careproctus bromius,  new species</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4CD9E9D4-AC4B-4336-A673- 11D944483DBB</p><p>Boisterous Snailfish</p><p>Figures 3D, 4E, 4F, 5, 8, 9; Tables 1, 2; Supplemental Table A</p><p>Holotype.— UW 155719, 43.5 mm, ripe female,  Aleutian Islands, Seguam Pass, 52.2629 8 N, 172.8827 8 W, 158 m depth, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2006-01, haul 52, J. W. Orr, 21 June 2006.</p><p>Paratypes.— 11 specimens, 27–46.9 mm. SIO 22-2 (ex UW 158418), 35.3 mm, 54.0916 8 N, 166.2622 8 W, 80 m depth, F/ V Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 26, 23 May 2002;   UAM 4012 (ex UW 158399), 38.1 mm, 51.5981 8 N, 179.1703 8 W, 224 m depth, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 138, benthic bag, K. Pearson, 24 June 2000 ;   USNM 439016 (ex UW 158416), 38.6 mm, 51.9106 8 N, 173.7578 8 W, 119 m depth, F/ V  Ocean Explorer, cruise 2018-01, haul 82, N. E. Roberson, 30 June 2018 ;   UW 113670, 27 mm, 51.9376 8 N, 176.8389 8 W, 87 m depth, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 112, benthic bag, K. Pearson, 17 June 2000 ;   UW 155709, 2, 40.5 –42.0 mm, 51.6163 8 N, 178.1877 8 W, 126 m depth, F/ V  Ocean Explorer, cruise 2012-01, haul 117, J. W. Orr, 6 July 2012 ;   UW 158400, 44.2 mm, 51.5001 8 N, 178.6552 8 W, 232 m depth, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 123, benthic bag, W. C. Flerx, 21 June 2000 ;   UW 158401, 38.5 mm, 51.5078 8 N, 178.5773 8 W, 168 m depth, F/ V  Sea Storm, cruise 2014-01, haul 106, G. R. Hoff, 5 July 2014 ;   UW 158413, 46.9 mm, 52.0997 8 N, 175.2914 8 W, 105 m depth, F/ V Alaska  Provider, cruise 2014-01, haul 98, P. Logan, 4 July 2014 ;   UW 158415, 39.0 mm, 51.6083 8 N, 177.6106 8 W, 125 m depth, F/ V  Ocean Explorer, cruise 2018-01, haul 97, N. E. Roberson, 3 July 2018 ;   UW 158417, 35.1 mm, 51.6177 8 N, 178.1883 8 W, 122 m depth, F/ V  Ocean Explorer, cruise 2018-01, haul 110, N. E. Roberson, 6 July 2018  .</p><p>Diagnosis.—  Careproctus bromius is distinguished from described species of  Careproctus by having the following combination of characters: low counts of median-fin rays (dorsal 38–42, anal 32–37) and vertebrae (44–47), body coloration of variegated light brown and pale with white cheek blotch, anterior dorsal-fin lobe absent, anteriormost dorsal-fin rays very short or embedded in skin, and prickles absent. It is most similar to  C. iacchus in overall size, variegated body coloring, and in having a white cheek blotch (Kai et al., 2018). It can be distinguished from  C. iacchus in having 32–37 anal-fin rays (vs. 39–40 in  C. iacchus), 44–47 vertebrae (vs. 49–52), a larger OL 31.1–46.5 % HL (vs. 24.3–26.6 % HL), and a pectoral fin with a shallow notch (vs. no notch). It is similar to  C. staufferi in meristic counts but can be distinguished based on coloration (variegated brown vs. brick red with golden slash at mid-body). It is also similar to  C. candidus, from which it can be distinguished by lacking a dorsal-fin lobe (present in  C. candidus), having fewer vertebrae (44–47 vs. 46–51), a smaller size at maturity (smallest ripe female 35.3 mm vs. 65.5 mm), and distinct body coloration (variegated brown vs. mottled pink and white).</p><p>Description.— Body robust, deepest at nape, tapering posteriorly, rounded in cross section anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; depth at dorsal-fin origin 78.9–107.1 (78.9) % HL; depth at anal-fin origin 46.5–75.4 (62.6) % HL; depth at midpoint of anal fin 25.5–30.7 (27.6) % HL. Head large and robust, its length 25.4–28.3 (28.3) % SL, dorsal profile rounded from nape to snout. Snout blunt, slightly projecting anterior to lower jaw. Mouth subterminal, maxilla 44.6–66.4 (56.1) % HL, extending to anterior edge of pupil or to mid-orbit, oral cleft extending to anterior rim of orbit. Lower jaw slightly inferior, premaxillary tooth plates matching mandibular tooth plates. Both premaxillary and mandibular teeth trilobed in 8–10 oblique rows of 4–12 teeth. Diastemata absent at symphysis of upper and lower jaws. Orbit large, 31.1–46.5 (33.3) % HL, dorsal margin below dorsal contour of head, suborbital depth to maxilla 16.1–51.5 (24.4) % OL; pupil a horizontal ellipse to horizontal slit. Interorbital space flat, broad, fleshy distance 23.3–46.5 (41.5) % HL, bony distance 12.3–21.4 (17.9) % HL. Snout about equal to orbit length, 61.7–93.9 (85.4) % OL, 28.0–34.7 (28.5) % HL. Nostril single, in well-developed tube level with mid-orbit; nostril tube length 1.6–4.5 (4.1) % HL.</p><p>Pores of cephalic lateralis of moderate size; pore pattern 2- 6-7-2; chin pores two in a common wide oval depression, interspace equaling about one pore diameter. Free neuromasts about 4–5, small and difficult to discern, originating above gill slit and extending to a level at mid-body to a distance about level with anus.</p><p>Gill opening small, 14.4–22.8 (21.1) % HL, upper margin level with upper rim of orbit, extending ventrally to just above pectoral fin or to pectoral-fin ray one or two (entirely above pectoral fin). Opercular flap angular. Gill rakers 6–8, small, blunt.</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 38–42 (41; Table 1), all rays simple. Anterior dorsal-fin lobe absent, first few rays very short or embedded in skin, rays longer posteriorly (Fig. 3D). Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines three and four, bearing a single small ray. Anterior rayless pterygiophore present, inserted between neural spines two and three. Predorsal length 26.9–31.5 (30.8) % SL.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 32–37 (34; Table 1), one anal-fin pterygiophore anterior to first haemal spine one, bearing a single ray or absent (one). All rays simple. Anal-fin origin below vertebrae 10–11 (caudal vertebra 1), preanal length 44.1– 49.9 (48.7) % SL.</p><p>Pectoral fin shallow to moderately notched, with 30–36 rays (33; Table 1). Upper lobe of 23–29 (26) rays extending beyond anus to anal-fin origin, dorsalmost rays lengthening to rays 6–8, more ventral rays gradually shortening to shortest ray of notch. Dorsal margin crenulate, fin margins more emarginate ventrally. Lower lobe with 7–8 rays, extending to anus or just posterior; dorsal rays gradually lengthening to thicker and fleshy rays 2–3, ventral rays gradually shortening to ventralmost ray near pectoral symphysis. Tips of rays 10–50 % free of membrane, rays of lower lobe more strongly exserted. Rays in notch slightly more widely spaced than rays of lobes. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with region between mid-orbit and ventral rim of orbit.</p><p>Proximal pectoral radials four (3 þ 1), robust; proximal radials one and two either notched and hourglass shaped (2 specimens, Fig. 4E) or crescent shaped (1 specimen, Fig. 4F), radial three crescent shaped, radial four a rounded square (Fig. 4E, F). Interradial fenestrae two (1 specimen, Fig. 4F) or three (2 specimens, Fig. 4E). Scapular fenestra elliptical, fenestra between proximal radials one and two elliptical or absent, fenestra extending between proximal radials two and three elongate ellipse. Scapula broadly Y-shaped with robust helve; coracoid with triangular head and long, thin helve. Anterodorsal hook present, small rounded. Distal radials present at base of rays 2 to 27–29, ventral 4–6 rays articulating directly with fibrocartilage pad.</p><p>Pelvic disk moderately large, length 32.1–40.2 (37.4) % HL, round, slightly longer than wide, width 30.2–38.4 (34.1) % HL, anterior lobe moderately developed, flat with margins often slightly upturned, distance from tip of upper jaw to pelvic disk 10.4–17.7 (13.1) % SL. Anus closer to pelvic disk than to anal-fin origin, 5.3–19.8 (18.7) % HL from pelvic disk, distance from tip of upper jaw to anus 24.2–32.5 (28.3) % SL.</p><p>Principal caudal-fin rays 11 (11; Table 1), dorsal procurrent rays 2 (2), ventral procurrent rays 1–2 (1). Membrane of posterior dorsal-fin rays attached for shorter distance to caudal fin than anal-fin rays: dorsal-fin rays attached to caudal fin 15.1–27.9 (27.9) % CL; anal-fin rays, 25.0–40.6 (34.4) % CL. Depth at base of caudal fin 11.5–22.0 (11.5) % CL.</p><p>Skin relatively thick, prickles absent. Pyloric caeca 13–16, length about 25% HL.</p><p>Vertebrae 44–47 (46), precaudal 9–10 (10), caudal 34–37 (36; Table 1). Pleural ribs 1–3 (2), present on vertebrae 8–10, anteriormost small when three present, others long and slender. Hypural plate composed of dorsal and ventral plates divided by slight notch in plate. Single epural present.</p><p>Coloration.— Body variegated light brown and pale in life, head with white blotch on cheek, white spots often scattered over body, concentrated dark band of pigment at base of caudal fin with small white band immediately following (Fig. 8). Eye greenish to goldish in life with pupil a horizontal ellipse to horizontal slit. Body with scattered melanophores in preservation. Eye black in preservation (Fig. 9A). Peritoneum, orobranchial cavity, stomach, intestines, pyloric caeca, and urogenital papilla pale.</p><p>Life history.— The largest specimen examined was a ripe female 46.9 mm (UW 158413), with yolked egg diameter of 2.1 mm. The smallest female with yolked eggs was 35.3 mm (UW 158418). Ovaries were dissected from two females with yolked eggs. Females had five to nine yolked eggs (2.2–3.9 mm diameter), a roughly equal number of opaque, developed but unyolked eggs (0.7–0.9 mm diameter), and many small, translucent immature eggs (0.2–0.3 mm diameter). All males were mature or immature, none were ripe. The one mature male was 35.1 mm (UW 158417).</p><p>Distribution.—  Careproctus bromius has been collected throughout the Aleutian Islands from north of Amatignak Island in the west to west of Akutan Island in the east (Fig. 5). Collection depths range from 80 to 232 m.</p><p>Etymology.— Named after the Greek god, Bromius is an alternative epithet for Dionysus used in ancient Greece, sometimes referred to as the second Dionysus. Bromius was chosen to show the similarity of the new species to  C. iacchu s, which was named for the god Iacchus, who was referred to as either a son of Dionysus or as the third Dionysus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A56C05E88428012A9EFFF4BD4B86DE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gardner, Jennifer R.;Orr, James W.;Tornabene, Luke	Gardner, Jennifer R., Orr, James W., Tornabene, Luke (2023): Two New Species of Snailfishes (Cottiformes: Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and a Redescription of the Closely Related Careproctus candidus. Ichthyology & Herpetology 111 (1): 54-71, DOI: 10.1643/i2022009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/i2022009
