taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D3879AFFFFFFC5FF74F91A93A7FC3D.taxon	description	Figs 1 a – b, 2 a – b, 3; 12 (map)	en	Bonatto, Leonardo D., Mielke, Carlos G. C. (2023): Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke & Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae). Zootaxa 5271 (1): 191-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13
03D3879AFFFFFFC5FF74F91A93A7FC3D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male (Figs 2 a – b, 3), see also Lemaire (2002: 156, Pl. 13, Figs 2 – 3 (♁ )): as stated by Lemaire (2002), C. oculata can be distinguished by the most similar species, C. ferruginea (Draudt, 1929), by the dorsal yellow groundcolour on both fore- and hindwings and attributes in the genitalia. The basal portion of the HW is slightly darker in fresh specimens. Males of C. ferruginea bear a light brown to brown ground colour on the FW and reddish-brown to yellowish-brown on the HW (Figs 5 a, 6). Ventrally both species are similar (Figs 2 b, 5 b). Female (Figs 1 a – b): wingspan 45 mm, forewing length 26 mm. The unique known female of C. oculata bears a yellowish-brown groundcolour of the FW and its postmedian area is monotonous, while in C. ferruginea the groundcolour of the FW is reddish-brown and the distal portion of its postmedian area is of light greyish-brown (Figs 4 a). Ventrally, C. oculata (Fig. 1 b) is lighter than C. ferruginea (Fig. 4 b). Examined material (in total 40 ♁, 1 ♀). All Brazil. Minas Gerais. Itamonte, Campo Redondo, 1400 m: 1 ♁, 8 – 11. I. 2021, A. Rosa leg. (DZUP). Marmelópolis, Marins, 1519 m: 9 ♁, 28. XII. 1987, C. Mielke & E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 35.785, 38.531, 38.993, 39.002, 39.050, 39.109, 39.190, 39.385, 39.520; CGCM). Delfim Moreira, Barreira, 1700 m: 1 ♁, 12. I. 1988, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 35.563; CGCM). Rio de Janeiro. Macaé de Cima: 1 ♁, XI. 2003, Grossi leg. (CGCM 8.951; CGCM). Nova Friburgo, Mury, 1100 m: 1 ♁, 22. I. 1990, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 44.583; CGCM). Itatiaia, 1300 m: 1 ♁, 10. X. 1950, Travassos, Albuquerque & Pearson leg. (BC-MNHM 0310; MNHN). Itatiaia: 4 ♁ (CEIOC (Miranda et al. 2015 )). São Paulo. São José do Barreiro, Bocaina, 1500 m: 1 ♁, 2 – 6. I. 1996, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 31.419; CGCM); 5 ♁, 7 – 10. II. 1996, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 31.441, 31.554, 31.596, 31.701, 31.843; CGCM). Piquete, Barreira de Piquete, 1464 m: 7 ♁, 26. XII. 1999, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 10.666, 38.403, 39.039, 39.144, 39.149, 39.822, 39.995; CGCM); 4 ♁, 1 ♀, 12. I. 1998, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 35.218, 35.268 (♀), 35.433, 35.516, 35.656; CGCM). Campos do Jordão, Lavrinhas, 1900 m: 1 ♁, 31. X. 1990, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 42.094; CGCM). Salesópolis, Boraceia, 800 m: 1 ♁, 12 – 17. I. 1948, L. Travassos & D. Braz leg. (MZSP 23869; MZSP) (Albertoni et al. 2018). São Paulo: 1 ♁, X. 1957, Diringshofen leg. (MZSP 23868; MZSP). Santo André, Paranapiacaba, 1100 m: 2 ♁, 26. XII. 2021, R. Koike leg. (DZUP).	en	Bonatto, Leonardo D., Mielke, Carlos G. C. (2023): Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke & Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae). Zootaxa 5271 (1): 191-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13
03D3879AFFFFFFC5FF74F91A93A7FC3D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lemaire (2002) described the female of Catacantha oculata for the first time, but he did not figure it. He seemed to be correct about the figure (a drawing) of the female of C. ferruginea identified as Ancistrota plagia H ̧ bner by Draudt (1929). Unfortunately, Lemaire (2002) did not mention the depository of the putative female of C. oculata, so we could not trace it. Catacantha oculata is a common species, especially at higher altitudes, throughout the Mantiqueira Mountains to the south around São Paulo city, during the early summer at altitudes ranging from 800 to 1800 m. The forewing ornamentation in males varies, especially in the size of the stigma. One record of C. oculata from Argentina (Borquez & Penco 2012) and one from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Corseuil et al. 2002) are attributed to lighter specimens of C. ferruginea or an undescribed species. Another record from Argentina mentioned by Zapata et al. (2016) could likely be misidentified as well.	en	Bonatto, Leonardo D., Mielke, Carlos G. C. (2023): Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke & Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae). Zootaxa 5271 (1): 191-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13
03D3879AFFFEFFC5FF74FB9394DDF91E.taxon	description	Figs 7 a – b, 8; 12 (map)	en	Bonatto, Leonardo D., Mielke, Carlos G. C. (2023): Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke & Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae). Zootaxa 5271 (1): 191-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13
03D3879AFFFEFFC5FF74FB9394DDF91E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male (Fig. 8), see also Mielke & Moser (2007: Figs 1 – 2): as stated in the original description, males of D. riograndensis are similar to D. sombrero (Le Cerf), but can be easily recognized by their smaller size and attributes in the genitalia (Mielke & Moser 2007: 321). Female (Figs 7 a – b): wingspan 89 mm, forewing length 47 mm. The unique known female of D. riograndensis differs from the female of D. sombrero by its smaller wingspan (96 mm in D. sombrero (Miranda et al. 2015 )) and for the FW postmedial line being slightly concave (bent inward in D. sombrero at CuA 1). These two species are allopatric. Examined material (in total 7 ♁, 1 ♀). All Brazil. Santa Catarina. Bom Jardim da Serra: 1 ♁, PT (CGCM; Mielke & Moser 2007). Rio Grande do Sul. Arroio do Sal: 1 ♀, 31. VII. 2022, Parque Municipal de Eventos, CTG Rincão da Estância, - 29.539905, - 49.900122, M. L. da Rosa leg. (DZUP). São Francisco de Paula, Rio Santa Cruz: 6 ♁, HT, PT (CGCM, CLAM, DZUP (Mielke & Moser 2007 )). Photographic records: 1 ♁, Esmeralda, 28. VI. 2019 by E. Gasperin (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 27817266); 1 ♁, Osório, 28. VII. 2022 by H. Andrades (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 129087877); 1 ♁, São Francisco de Paula, 11. VII. 2021 by R. Brugnera (Projeto Insetos do Brasil) (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 86941043).	en	Bonatto, Leonardo D., Mielke, Carlos G. C. (2023): Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke & Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae). Zootaxa 5271 (1): 191-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13
03D3879AFFFEFFC5FF74FB9394DDF91E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the original description, Mielke & Moser (2007) mentioned seven male specimens in the type series, but the female had not been described. In addition, they stated that D. riograndensis was endemic to the Serra Geral in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil) at higher elevations. The record of the female reported here as well as the photographic records reveal its presence at sea level during the winter in at least Rio Grande do Sul.	en	Bonatto, Leonardo D., Mielke, Carlos G. C. (2023): Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke & Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae). Zootaxa 5271 (1): 191-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13
03D3879AFFFEFFC0FF74F972937FFF54.taxon	description	Figs 9 a – b, 10 a – b, 11; 12 (map)	en	Bonatto, Leonardo D., Mielke, Carlos G. C. (2023): Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke & Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae). Zootaxa 5271 (1): 191-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13
03D3879AFFFEFFC0FF74F972937FFF54.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male (Figs 10 a – b, 11): as stated by Oiticica Filho (1941), males of E. guinlei are easily recognized by the more elongated FW (ratio length / width: 2 – 2.2; males of other species of the masoni - group of species: 1,8 – 1,9), the antemedian area of the HW apart of the postmedial line, and attributes in the male genitalia. Female (Figs 9 a – b): the dorsal brownishred background is only present on the FW, while all the other females of the masoni - group of species are either entirely yellow sprinkled with black dots or covered with brown on both fore- and hindwings (see Lemaire 1988: Pl. 11, Fig. 4; Pl. 12, Figs 2 – 3). Examined material (in total 61 ♁, 2 ♀). All Brazil. Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, 800 m: 1 ♁, 5. VII. 1966, C. & C. T. Elias leg. (DZUP); 12 ♁, 4 – 10. XII. 1966, C. & C. T. Elias leg (DZUP); 2 ♁, 22. XII. 1967, C. Elias leg. (DZUP). Rio de Janeiro. Nova Friburgo: 1 ♁, 23. I. 1960, Gagarin leg. (DZUP); 1 ♁, 22. I. 1993, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 23.207; CGCM); 1 ♁, 26. XI. 1997, 1200 m, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 35.325; CGCM). Nova Friburgo, Mury, 1149 m: 10 ♁, 18. I. 1988, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 36.101, 36.119, 36.120, 36.124, 36.130, 36.152, 36.155, 36.313, 36.346, 36.641; CGCM); 2 ♁, 25. I. 1989, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 40.309, 40.795; CGCM); 2 ♁, 22. I. 1990, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 43.460, 44.036; CGCM); 1 ♁, 16. XI. 1991, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 43.120; CGCM); 6 ♁, 2 ♀, 13. I. 1992, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 38.085, 42.336 (♀), 43.003, 43.062, 43.497, 44.049, 44.304 (♀), 44.342 (CGCM )); 1 ♁, 26. XII. 1992, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 46.271; CGCM); 2 ♁, 18 – 20. I. 1996, Wagner leg. (CGCM 31.803, 31.823; CGCM); 3 ♁, 9. II. 1997, Wagner leg. (CGCM 32.500, 33.015, 33.271; CGCM). Teresópolis: 1 ♁, 1000 m, 15. I. 1985, V. O. Becker leg. (NT; CGCM 10.313; DZUP); 11 ♁ (CEIOC (Miranda et al. 2015 )). Teresópolis, Soberbo, 1000 m: 1 ♁, 22. I. 1939, Travassos & Oiticica leg. (DZUP); 1 ♁, 21. I. 1952, Pearson leg. (DZUP). Petrópolis, Parque São Vicente: 2 ♁, 21 – 29. I. 1963, Gagarin leg. (DZUP).	en	Bonatto, Leonardo D., Mielke, Carlos G. C. (2023): Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke & Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae). Zootaxa 5271 (1): 191-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13
03D3879AFFFEFFC0FF74F972937FFF54.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Since Lemaire (1979), Eacles guinlei had been maintained as a synonym of Eacles masoni fulvaster Rothschild, 1907, but Brechlin & Meister (2011: 31) revised its taxonomic position and revalidated it as a full species without explanation. In the same article, these authors elevated E. masoni fulvaster to species level and considered E. masoni Schaus as a distinct entity. Eacles guinlei, endemic to the eastern southeastern Brazil and a mountain species present at altitude from 800 to 1200 m, is distinct from the Amazonian and other populations of similar taxa as mentioned above. The holotype of Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho, 1941 bear the following data: male, “ Terezópolis, no Estado do Rio [= Rio de Janeiro], 900 metros de altitude, capturado por [collected by] Lauro Travassos e José Oiticica Filho [leg.] ”, after original description n. 233, Col. Oiticica (MNRJ). The holotype and an undisclosed number of paratypes were destroyed by fire in 2018. To ensure the correct identification and for stabilizing the name of Eacles guinlei, mentioned as a synonym of Eacles masoni fulvaster by Lemaire (1979, 1988) and characterized in detail by Oiticica Filho (1941), a male is herein designated as the neotype (Figs 10 a – b). The specimen bears the following labels (labels separated by forward slashes): Neotypus, Eacles guinlei ♁, Bonatto & C. Mielke det. / BRASIL: RJ, Teresópolis, 15. I. 1985, V. O. Becker col / Col. Becker 54760 / BC-CGCM / 10.313 Col. C. Mielke (DZUP).	en	Bonatto, Leonardo D., Mielke, Carlos G. C. (2023): Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke & Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae). Zootaxa 5271 (1): 191-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13
