identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A21A87D03F35FFF6FF0260F5FFCFFBBA.text	A21A87D03F35FFF6FF0260F5FFCFFBBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dinarippiger Skejo, Kasalo, Fontana et Tvrtkovic 2023	<div><p>Genus Dinarippiger Skejo, Kasalo, Fontana et Tvrtković gen. nov.</p> <p>Etymology. The generic name Dinarippiger derives from the words “ Dinara ”, the mountain between Croatia and Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina after which the Dinaric Alps were named, and “ Ephippiger ”, the name of the genus type species has belonged to hitherto. The word “ ephippiger ” originates from the Ancient Greek word ἐφίππιον (ephippion), meaning saddle, and suffix “-ger, -gera, -gerum” meaning “-bearing”, originating from the Latin verb “gero” meaning “to carry”. The word for “saddle” also originates from two words, the adjective ἐπῐì (epí, meaning “on”) and ἵππος (híppos, meaning “horse”). The genus name is of the masculine gender.</p> <p>Type species. Ephippiger discoidalis Fieber, 1853, here designated; type species by original designation, but also by original monotypy.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new genus is similar to Ephippiger (type species Gryllus ephippiger Fiebig, 1784 = Ephippiger ephippiger) and Uromenus (type species Ephippiger rugosicollis Serville, 1838 = Uromenus rugosicollis) and is intermediate in certain characters. From Ephippiger taxa, Dinarippiger gen. nov. can be separated by the following characters: 1) Red coloration of occiput directly adjacent to the prozona of the pronotum (black coloration in Ephippiger). 2) Basal color of the tegmina black, with a wide white line just anterior to the caudal margin of the tegmen (basal color uniformly brown in Ephippiger). 3) Cerci with bilobate tip, inner lobe almost as developed as the outer one (outer one ostensibly more developed in Ephippiger). 4) Metazona of the pronotum shorter and less elevated than in Ephippiger. From Uromenus taxa, Dinarippiger gen. nov. can be distinguished by the following set of characteristics: 1) Bright red coloration of the occiput (in Uromenus blue, yellow, orange, or reddish, but never vivid red). 2) Large part of the tegmina is visible (in Uromenus tegmina are mostly covered by the pronotum). 3) Tegmina with numerous small black dots on the dorsal margin forming a continuous black line (in Uromenus there are large black dots separated by white areas). 4) Ovipositor is typically long and straight (short and decurved ovipositor in Uromenus), but its length is highly variable among different populations. Furthermore, Dinarippiger gen. nov. males have trapezoidal and bilobate epiproct, while Uromenus and Ephippiger males have rounded or square epiproct, rarely weakly bilobate. In addition to the above-mentioned differences, it is important to note that abdominal tergites in Dinarippiger gen. nov. typically have black and white markings, which are not present in Uromenus and Ephippiger. Visually similar to Dinarippiger gen. nov. is Uromenus annae (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881) endemic to Sardinia, in which males also have red occiput (in females, however, occiput coloration is dark), short metazona, ornamented abdomen, but short and decurved ovipositor typical of Uromenus, and distinct cerci (compare Buzzetti et al. 2019).</p> <p>Composition and distribution. The new genus includes a single species to date, Dinarippiger discoidalis (Fieber, 1853) comb. nov. inhabiting the karst of Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania. The genus inhabits the area between the distribution areas of the genera Ephippiger and Uromenus. Uromenus inhabits the area south of Dinarippiger gen. nov. distribution, with the closest populations in southern Italy, and a single isolated population in Albania (Fig. 3). The distribution area of Dinarippiger gen. nov. borders/ overlaps with that of E. ephippiger in the central part of the Dinaric Alps (nearest known localities of Ephippiger are shown in Fig. 10). In Slovenia and Croatian Istria, the distributions of E. ephippiger or E. persicarius and D. discoidalis comb. nov. may overlap due to the mosaic composition of Mediterranean and continental habitats (Fig. 10).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A21A87D03F35FFF6FF0260F5FFCFFBBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Skejo, Josip;Kasalo, Niko;Fontana, Paolo;Ivković, Slobodan;Tvrtković, Nikola;Rebrina, Fran;Adžić, Karmela;Buzzetti, Filippo Maria;Ćato, Sebastian;Deranja, Maks;Gomboc, Stanislav;Scherini, Roberto;Škorput, Jadranka;Veenvliet, Paul;Vuković, Marijana;Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle;Darcemont, Christian;Heller, Klaus-Gerhard	Skejo, Josip, Kasalo, Niko, Fontana, Paolo, Ivković, Slobodan, Tvrtković, Nikola, Rebrina, Fran, Adžić, Karmela, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Ćato, Sebastian, Deranja, Maks, Gomboc, Stanislav, Scherini, Roberto, Škorput, Jadranka, Veenvliet, Paul, Vuković, Marijana, Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle, Darcemont, Christian, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard (2023): Dinarippiger gen. nov. (Tettigoniidae: Bradyporinae: Ephippigerini), a new saddle bush-cricket genus for Ephippiger discoidalis Fieber, 1853 from the Dinaric karst. Zootaxa 5271 (1): 49-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.2
A21A87D03F34FFF6FF026520FC47FAA6.text	A21A87D03F34FFF6FF026520FC47FAA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dinarippiger discoidalis (Fieber 1853) Skejo & Kasalo & Fontana & Ivković & Tvrtković & Rebrina & Adžić & Buzzetti & Ćato & Deranja & Gomboc & Scherini & Škorput & Veenvliet & Vuković & Lemonnier-Darcemont & Darcemont & Heller 2023	<div><p>Species Dinarippiger discoidalis (Fieber, 1853) comb. nov.</p> <p>It. vernacular name: Efippigera dalmatica;</p> <p>Hr. vernacular name: crvenoglava sedlarka; krška sedlarka;</p> <p>Slo. vernacular name: kraška sedlarka;</p> <p>Eng. vernacular name: Dalmatian Saddle Bush-Cricket.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A21A87D03F34FFF6FF026520FC47FAA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Skejo, Josip;Kasalo, Niko;Fontana, Paolo;Ivković, Slobodan;Tvrtković, Nikola;Rebrina, Fran;Adžić, Karmela;Buzzetti, Filippo Maria;Ćato, Sebastian;Deranja, Maks;Gomboc, Stanislav;Scherini, Roberto;Škorput, Jadranka;Veenvliet, Paul;Vuković, Marijana;Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle;Darcemont, Christian;Heller, Klaus-Gerhard	Skejo, Josip, Kasalo, Niko, Fontana, Paolo, Ivković, Slobodan, Tvrtković, Nikola, Rebrina, Fran, Adžić, Karmela, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Ćato, Sebastian, Deranja, Maks, Gomboc, Stanislav, Scherini, Roberto, Škorput, Jadranka, Veenvliet, Paul, Vuković, Marijana, Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle, Darcemont, Christian, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard (2023): Dinarippiger gen. nov. (Tettigoniidae: Bradyporinae: Ephippigerini), a new saddle bush-cricket genus for Ephippiger discoidalis Fieber, 1853 from the Dinaric karst. Zootaxa 5271 (1): 49-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.2
A21A87D03F3FFFE2FF026715FB76FE06.text	A21A87D03F3FFFE2FF026715FB76FE06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dinarippiger discoidalis (Fieber 1853) Skejo & Kasalo & Fontana & Ivković & Tvrtković & Rebrina & Adžić & Buzzetti & Ćato & Deranja & Gomboc & Scherini & Škorput & Veenvliet & Vuković & Lemonnier-Darcemont & Darcemont & Heller 2023	<div><p>Bioacoustics of Dinarippiger discoidalis comb. nov.</p> <p>The song of Dinarippiger discoidalis comb. nov. was first described by Harz (1967) and later analyzed and visualized by several other scientists (Keuper et al. 1988 a, 1988b, Heller 1988, Keuper 1989, Jatho et al. 1992, Jatho 1995, Massa et al. 2012). Our data corroborate the findings of the previous studies, showing that the song consists of echemes containing 3–7 (only very rarely 1–2) syllables (Fig. 11A–D). In structure, it is thus similar to the songs of Ephippiger species (see Jatho et al. 1992, Massa et al. 2012) but differs clearly from the songs of the European Uromenus species (Heller et al. 2021). Each syllable has a distinct opening and closing hemisyllable made by a series of strongly dampened impulses. These short elements are produced by jumping of the scraper against the teeth of the stridulatory file (see Fig. 11D) as is typical for Ephippigerini. The frequency spectrum of the song has its peak in the ultrasound, around 20 to 40 kHz (Fig. 11E; Keuper et al. 1988b). A relatively high syllable number per echeme should enable D. discoidalis comb. nov. females to discriminate against the mono- or disyllabic song of E. ephippiger when the species co-occur in the same habitat in Slovenia (see above), Croatia (see above), Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina (Mikšić 1969) or Montenegro (Ingrisch &amp; Pavićević 2012). In the Ephippiger diurnus complex, syllable number per echeme is important for phonotactic female choice (Ritchie 1991).</p> <p>However, after a closer inspection of the temporal parameters of amplitude modulation (besides syllable number per echeme), an unexpectedly large variation has been observed (Table 1), even when taking the effects of temperature into account. Our data are too limited for drawing conclusions but among-individual differences as large as the ones found within a single field recording (Gomboc &amp; Šegula 2014; #61) are quite surprising, despite the fact that animals in the sun may sing much faster than the ones in the shade.</p> <p>The stridulatory structures are situated on the tegmina of both males and females. In the males, the stridulatory file is located on the underside of the left tegmen, whereas in the females it is situated diagonally on the upper side of the right tegmen (Fig. 12A–D). Correspondingly, the scraper is formed by the inner edge of the right tegmen in the male and of the left tegmen in the female. The right tegmen of the male carries a large glossy mirror cell. Stridulatory teeth are rather symmetrical (Fig. 12E–F) as can be expected for a species with loud opening and closing hemisyllables. In the female, the stridulatory structures may be used exclusively in a defensive context, a function already mentioned by Krauss (1878) for this species. Judging from the very limited data on the number of teeth in the male stridulatory file, differences among populations may exist (see Table 1).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A21A87D03F3FFFE2FF026715FB76FE06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Skejo, Josip;Kasalo, Niko;Fontana, Paolo;Ivković, Slobodan;Tvrtković, Nikola;Rebrina, Fran;Adžić, Karmela;Buzzetti, Filippo Maria;Ćato, Sebastian;Deranja, Maks;Gomboc, Stanislav;Scherini, Roberto;Škorput, Jadranka;Veenvliet, Paul;Vuković, Marijana;Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle;Darcemont, Christian;Heller, Klaus-Gerhard	Skejo, Josip, Kasalo, Niko, Fontana, Paolo, Ivković, Slobodan, Tvrtković, Nikola, Rebrina, Fran, Adžić, Karmela, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Ćato, Sebastian, Deranja, Maks, Gomboc, Stanislav, Scherini, Roberto, Škorput, Jadranka, Veenvliet, Paul, Vuković, Marijana, Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle, Darcemont, Christian, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard (2023): Dinarippiger gen. nov. (Tettigoniidae: Bradyporinae: Ephippigerini), a new saddle bush-cricket genus for Ephippiger discoidalis Fieber, 1853 from the Dinaric karst. Zootaxa 5271 (1): 49-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.2
A21A87D03F23FFE7FF0267A9FA3FFE7A.text	A21A87D03F23FFE7FF0267A9FA3FFE7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dinarippiger discoidalis (Fieber 1853) Skejo & Kasalo & Fontana & Ivković & Tvrtković & Rebrina & Adžić & Buzzetti & Ćato & Deranja & Gomboc & Scherini & Škorput & Veenvliet & Vuković & Lemonnier-Darcemont & Darcemont & Heller 2023	<div><p>Dinarippiger discoidalis comb. nov. —past and future research</p> <p>Our study establishes the basis for future research on the genus Dinarippiger gen. nov. by presenting a comprehensive overview of the D. discoidalis comb. nov. occurrence in the Dinaric Alps. Special attention was given to the syntopic occurrence of D. discoidalis comb. nov. and Ephippiger species. At the present moment, we know that in several localities in Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina the species co-occurs with E. ephippiger, a central European and Balkan species. In another part of its distribution, i.e., in Istria and Primorska region of Slovenia, D. discoidalis comb. nov. occurs syntopically either with another species of the genus</p> <p>Ephippiger, Alpine E. persicarius, or with a hybrid population of E. ephippiger x E. persicarius. This could be an interesting biogeographical case that requires further attention, as E. ephippiger and E. persicarius could be two subspecies of a single species, which would provide further confirmation that Ephippiger is an Apennine genus whose representatives spread to Eastern Europe relatively recently across the Western Balkans or along the northern banks of the Sava River. The area between Slovenia and Croatia is a well-known glacial micro-refugium (Taberlet et al. 1998, Joger et al. 2007, Jablonski et al. 2017, Wang et al. 2022) due to its contact with the Alps, the Dinaric Alps, the Pannonian basin, the Adriatic coast, and the Po region, harbouring ice-free habitats during the last glaciation. In many groups of plants and animals, these areas represent either the center of dispersal or the secondary contact regions (Surget-Groba et al. 2002, Brus 2010, Dufresnes et al. 2020, García et al. 2020). Dinarippiger discoidalis comb. nov. does not hybridize with any of the Ephippiger species in the areas of sympatric occurrence.</p> <p>Another interesting biogeographical and phylogenetic question is the presence of a single, highly variable species within the newly established Dinarippiger gen. nov. or several distinct species with more restricted distributions and currently undefined diagnostic traits. Many authors have tried to assess the intraspecific variability of D. discoidalis comb. nov., but have failed in reaching a definite conclusion (e.g., Fieber 1854, Krauss 1879). Previous authors have focused mostly on body size (Fieber 1853, Krauss 187), the number of inner and outer spines on the hind tibiae (Werner 1920), or calling song traits (Gomboc &amp; Šegula 2014). Werner (1920) did not manage to find any consistent differences among D. discoidalis comb. nov. populations and noted that the substantial overlaps in trait variability could be the evidence of a single highly variable species. However, in the same study, Werner (1920) noted the presence of a northern smaller race and a southern larger race, but apart from body size no clear differences between the two were found. Geographical variation in body size is, for example, present in Italian Ephippiger cavannai Targioni Tozzetti, 1881, a species characterized by smaller individuals in montane locations and larger ones in the coastal areas (Massa et al., 2012). Galvagni (1956) initially described a separate taxon, E. perforatus tamaninii, which later turned out to be a montane population of E. cavannai.</p> <p>Without a systematic comparison of the individuals from distant and isolated populations, variability within D. discoidalis comb. nov. remains an open question. This issue is illustrated by a photograph of a peculiar male (Fig. 13) from Vremščica Mt. (Slovenia), serving as a reminder that future studies have to include a phylogeographical survey, detailed morphometric analyses, as well as comparative morphological and bioacoustic approach.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A21A87D03F23FFE7FF0267A9FA3FFE7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Skejo, Josip;Kasalo, Niko;Fontana, Paolo;Ivković, Slobodan;Tvrtković, Nikola;Rebrina, Fran;Adžić, Karmela;Buzzetti, Filippo Maria;Ćato, Sebastian;Deranja, Maks;Gomboc, Stanislav;Scherini, Roberto;Škorput, Jadranka;Veenvliet, Paul;Vuković, Marijana;Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle;Darcemont, Christian;Heller, Klaus-Gerhard	Skejo, Josip, Kasalo, Niko, Fontana, Paolo, Ivković, Slobodan, Tvrtković, Nikola, Rebrina, Fran, Adžić, Karmela, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Ćato, Sebastian, Deranja, Maks, Gomboc, Stanislav, Scherini, Roberto, Škorput, Jadranka, Veenvliet, Paul, Vuković, Marijana, Lemonnier-Darcemont, Michèle, Darcemont, Christian, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard (2023): Dinarippiger gen. nov. (Tettigoniidae: Bradyporinae: Ephippigerini), a new saddle bush-cricket genus for Ephippiger discoidalis Fieber, 1853 from the Dinaric karst. Zootaxa 5271 (1): 49-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.2
