taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C99A21FFEEFFD2B3E0FA1CFE10F804.taxon	description	MycoBank no.: MB 843059	en	Chen, Zi-Hong, Dai, Yong-Dong, Chen, Kai, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Xu, Ling, Wang, Yuan-Bing (2023): Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae: two new species from the Gaoligong Mountains in southwestern China. Phytotaxa 594 (1): 53-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3
03C99A21FFEEFFD2B3E0FA1CFE10F804.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Referring to the puniceus stromata.	en	Chen, Zi-Hong, Dai, Yong-Dong, Chen, Kai, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Xu, Ling, Wang, Yuan-Bing (2023): Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae: two new species from the Gaoligong Mountains in southwestern China. Phytotaxa 594 (1): 53-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3
03C99A21FFEEFFD2B3E0FA1CFE10F804.taxon	description	Stromata arising from the head of the insect buried in soil, clavate, solitary, red, fleshy, 21.5 × 3.9 mm; Fertile part immature. Colonies on PDA medium reaching 36 mm in diameter after 16 days of cultivation at 25 ° C, white in early days then turning light red. Hyphae septate, hyaline, smooth-walled, 1.2 – 2.2 (X = 1.7 ± 0.3) µm wide. Phialides smooth-walled, hyaline, a little swollen base, slender top, 7.8 – 16.5 × 1.1 – 1.8 (X = 12.6 ± 3.4 × 1.5 ± 0.2) µm. Conidia echinulate, spherical, immature conidia hyaline and mature conidia slight brown, 3.0 – 5.9 (X = 4.8 ± 0.7) µm.	en	Chen, Zi-Hong, Dai, Yong-Dong, Chen, Kai, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Xu, Ling, Wang, Yuan-Bing (2023): Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae: two new species from the Gaoligong Mountains in southwestern China. Phytotaxa 594 (1): 53-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3
03C99A21FFEEFFD2B3E0FA1CFE10F804.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: CHINA. Yunan Province, the Gaoligong Mountains, On the larva of Hepialidae, 20 May 2017, Zi-Hong Chen (BUM 838, holotype; KUNCC 4992, ex-type living culture)	en	Chen, Zi-Hong, Dai, Yong-Dong, Chen, Kai, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Xu, Ling, Wang, Yuan-Bing (2023): Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae: two new species from the Gaoligong Mountains in southwestern China. Phytotaxa 594 (1): 53-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3
03C99A21FFEEFFD2B3E0FA1CFE10F804.taxon	discussion	Notes: The first visible distinction for morphological feature of P. puniceum from the recognized species in Papiliomyces was that it possessed puniceus stromata (Figure 1). Stromata color of its two sister taxa were quite different, P. shibinense being white to faint yellow, but P. liangshanense being yellow. The second dominant feature that confirmed the uniqueness of P. puniceum was that its conidia shape was spherical, echinulate and its conidia color was slight brown (Figure 1).	en	Chen, Zi-Hong, Dai, Yong-Dong, Chen, Kai, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Xu, Ling, Wang, Yuan-Bing (2023): Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae: two new species from the Gaoligong Mountains in southwestern China. Phytotaxa 594 (1): 53-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3
03C99A21FFEDFFD0B3E0FC5CFF0FFE3A.taxon	description	MycoBank no.: MB 843060	en	Chen, Zi-Hong, Dai, Yong-Dong, Chen, Kai, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Xu, Ling, Wang, Yuan-Bing (2023): Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae: two new species from the Gaoligong Mountains in southwestern China. Phytotaxa 594 (1): 53-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3
03C99A21FFEDFFD0B3E0FC5CFF0FFE3A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named after the host belonging to the family Lymantriidae (Lepidoptera).	en	Chen, Zi-Hong, Dai, Yong-Dong, Chen, Kai, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Xu, Ling, Wang, Yuan-Bing (2023): Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae: two new species from the Gaoligong Mountains in southwestern China. Phytotaxa 594 (1): 53-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3
03C99A21FFEDFFD0B3E0FC5CFF0FFE3A.taxon	description	Colonies on PDA medium reaching 16 mm in diameter after 16 days of cultivation at 25 ° C, white to light green. Hyphae septate, hyaline, branched, smooth-walled, 0.9 – 1.6 (X = 1.2 ± 0.2) µm wide. Phialides cylindrical or ampuliform, smooth-walled, hyaline, 6.9 – 21.5 × 0.9 – 1.5 (X = 10.2 ± 4.6 × 1.2 ± 0.2) µm. Conidia oval or ellipsoidal, forming chain in culture, hyaline, aseptate, smooth, 2.1 – 3.5 × 1.4 – 2.1 (X = 2.7 ± 0.2 × 1.7 ± 0.2) µm.	en	Chen, Zi-Hong, Dai, Yong-Dong, Chen, Kai, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Xu, Ling, Wang, Yuan-Bing (2023): Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae: two new species from the Gaoligong Mountains in southwestern China. Phytotaxa 594 (1): 53-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3
03C99A21FFEDFFD0B3E0FC5CFF0FFE3A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: CHINA. Yunnan Province: the Gaoligong Mountains, on the larva of Lymantriidae, 18 May 2017, Zi-Hong Chen (BUM 818, holotype; KUNCC 4991, ex-type living culture); Baoshan City, on the larva of Lymantriidae, 24 June 2017, Ling Xu (BUM 830, living culture).	en	Chen, Zi-Hong, Dai, Yong-Dong, Chen, Kai, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Xu, Ling, Wang, Yuan-Bing (2023): Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae: two new species from the Gaoligong Mountains in southwestern China. Phytotaxa 594 (1): 53-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3
03C99A21FFEDFFD0B3E0FC5CFF0FFE3A.taxon	discussion	Notes: Metarhizium lymantriidae was close to M. rileyi and M. dendrolimatilis in the phylogenetic tree. It was difficult to distinguish M. lymantriidae from M. rileyi by the conidia color (Fig. 2 A, B). Isolates of M. lymantriidae grew slowly on PDA medium, similar to M. rileyi. M. dendrolimatilis grew moderately faster than M. lymantriidae and M. rileyi. The distinctiveness of M. lymantriidae was indicated by that its conidia size (2.1 – 3.5 × 1.4 – 2.1 µm) was smaller than M. rileyi (3.5 – 4.5 × 2.0 – 3.1 µm) and M. dendrolimatilis (3.2 – 5.4 × 2.2 – 3.2 µm). The phialides of M. lymantriidae (6.9 – 21.5 × 0.9 – 1.5 µm) was more slender than M. rileyi (4.7 – 6.5 × 2.3 – 3.0 µm) (Samson 1974) and M. dendrolimatilis (4.3 – 5.4 × 1.2 – 3.4 µm). In the wild, M. lymantriidae infected the larva of tussock moth, M. dendrolimatilis infected the larva of Dendrolimus sp., while M. rileyi could infect the larva of noctuid, beetle and sawfly.	en	Chen, Zi-Hong, Dai, Yong-Dong, Chen, Kai, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Xu, Ling, Wang, Yuan-Bing (2023): Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae: two new species from the Gaoligong Mountains in southwestern China. Phytotaxa 594 (1): 53-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.3
