identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3857BD64FFABFFD1FF6C4CEA4980FD1A.text	3857BD64FFABFFD1FF6C4CEA4980FD1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ellimenistes Boheman 1843	<div><p>Ellimenistes BOHEMAN in SCHOENHERR C. J. 1843</p> <p>Pimelorrhinus Reitter, 1915: 116, syn. n.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFABFFD1FF6C4CEA4980FD1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFABFFD1FF6C4D564995F9BF.text	3857BD64FFABFFD1FF6C4D564995F9BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ellimenistes setulosus Fahraeus 1871	<div><p>Ellimenistes setulosus FÅHRAEUS, 1871</p> <p>Pimelorrhinus globatus Reitter, 1915, syn. n.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes:</p> <p>The original description of Pimelorrhinus and of its sole species P. globatus was based on a single male (Fig. 1) with the label ‘Ins. Rhodus’ (Fig. 2). No further species were assigned later to Pimelorrhinus, so that the genus has remained monotypic. Reitter (1915a) attributed Pimelorrhinus to the tribe Holcorrhinini because it shares with those a transversal sulcus on the epifrons beyond the eyes. In fact, the type specimen must be transferred to the South African genus Ellimenistes Boh., of which 36 species have become described. Moreover, there are no differences in external morphology and male genitalia between the type specimen of Pimelorrhinus globatus Rtt. and Ellimenistes setulosus Fåhr. Thus, a new synonymy is proposed here for Ellimenistes setulosus Fåhraeus, 1871 and Pimelorrhinus globatus Reitter, 1915.</p> <p>‘Ins. Rhodus’ could be interpreted as the Dodecanese island in Aegean Sea bearing this name. However, there is no further record for either name from the Mediterranean region. Thus either the “ Pimelorrhinus globatus ” specimen was introduced to this island accidentally, or the specimen is mislabeled. One possible source for mislabeling is the similarity of spelling of ‘Rhodus’ and ‘Rhodes’, a university in Grahamstown (established in 1904) in the Eastern Cape province, where Ellimenistes setulosus was described from (Fåhraeus 1871).</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>Pimelorrhinus globatus: Holotype, male (MTMB): ‘Ins. Rhodus’ / ‘ Pimelorrhinus globatus m. 1915. Type’ / ‘Coll. Reitter’ / ‘Monotypus Pimelorrhinus globatus Reitter 1915 ’ / ‘ Ellimenistes setulosus Fåhr., Yunakov det. 2009’.</p> <p>Other material examined:</p> <p>South Africa: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MTMB) “S. Africa/ Natal”; 1 ♂ (ZIN) “South Africa (Natal)”; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (KUMN) “Port Natal [= Durban]/ Deyrolle [leg.]”.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFABFFD1FF6C4D564995F9BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFACFFD6FED04F164C5BFD0B.text	3857BD64FFACFFD6FED04F164C5BFD0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otiorhynchus (Eunihus) pisidicus (Magnano 2001) Yunakov & Klass K. D. 2012	<div><p>Otiorhynchus (Eunihus) pisidicus (MAGNANO), comb. n.</p> <p>Magnano, 2003: 245 (Parameira)</p> <p>Taxonomic notes:</p> <p>When describing this species, Magnano (2003) assigned it to the genus Parameira Seidlitz, 1868, which includes 7 species distributed mostly over southern Europe and P. gebleri Faust, 1893 from southern Siberia. Reasons for this assignment were not given. Four paratypes of Parameira pisidica were examined and compared both with Parameira species and Otiorhynchus (Eunihus) species. First, there are no significant differences between P. pisidica and Otiorhynchus (Eunihus). Second, P. pisidica does not show any of the significant apomorphies of Parameira, such as the epistomal carina surrounding the epistome and the posterior squamulate fringe of the pronotum. Its elytra are pyriform as in Eunihus but not oblong-ovate as in Parameira.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFACFFD6FED04F164C5BFD0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFACFFD6FED04DED49F1F9A3.text	3857BD64FFACFFD6FED04DED49F1F9A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parameira (Lepidostomodes) gebleri Faust 1893	<div><p>Parameira (Lepidostomodes) gebleri FAUST, 1893</p> <p>Parameira volgense Korotyaev, 1992: 816, syn. n.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes:</p> <p>This species occurs in southern Ural and from Altai to Transbaikalia, where it appears parthenogenetic. In addition, there is a bisexual form present along Volga River (around midlength), which Korotyaev (1992) described as P. volgense Kor. (compared with P. setosa Seidlitz, 1868 instead of P. gebleri). Due to the absence of morphological differences between type specimens of both species, we consider P. volgense conspecific to P. gebleri.</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>P. volgense: Holotype, male (ZIN); Russia, Ul’yanovsk Prov., Radischevskiy Distr., Ashtala Mt., 9.viii.1991, A.Yu. Isaev leg. Paratypes: 2 ♀♀ (ZIN), labeled as holotype.</p> <p>Other material examined:</p> <p>Kazakhstan: 1 ♀ (SZMN), Akmolinsk Prov., Shortandy, 24.vii-3.viii.1979, V. Mordkovitch leg.; 2 ♀♀ (SZMN), Akmolinsk Prov., Shortandy, 15.vi-5.viii.1978, V. Mordkovitch leg.</p> <p>Mongolia: 2 ♀♀ (ZIN), Suhbaatar, Dzotol-Khan-Ula, 12.vii.1971, A. F. Yemelyanov leg.</p> <p>Russia: 2 ♀♀ (SZMN), Krasnoyarsk Terr., Brazhnoye, v.1982; 2 ♀♀ (SZMN), Krasnoyarsk Terr., Vladimirovka, 19- 22.07.1984, V. Mordkovitch leg. 2 ♀♀ (SZMN), Novosibirsk, Chistoozernyi Distr., Lake Karachi, 21.vi-13.vii.1970, V. Mordkovitch leg. 1 ♀ (SZMN), Novosibirsk Prov., Toguchinskii Distr., Gornyi, Mt. Lysaya, 15.vii.1998, R. Dudko &amp; A. Legalov leg. 1 ♀ (SZMN), Samara Prov., 13.5 km SSW of Kostino, meadow, 20-28.viii.1993, I. Smeljansky leg.; 1 ♀ (KUMN), Yakutia Republic, Yakutsk env., 25.v.1980, Rentz leg.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFACFFD6FED04DED49F1F9A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFACFFD6FED04D614C3DFC9F.text	3857BD64FFACFFD6FED04D614C3DFC9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parameira Seidlitz 1868	<div><p>Parameira SEIDLITZ, 1868: 26</p> <p>[type species: Stomodes rudis Boheman, 1843, by subsequent designation in Yunakov 2004: 1284]</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFACFFD6FED04D614C3DFC9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFADFFD7FF6C4ED94BF5FC26.text	3857BD64FFADFFD7FF6C4ED94BF5FC26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polydrusini SCHOENHERR 1823	<div><p>3.3. Tribe Polydrusini SCHOENHERR, 1823</p> <p>According to traditional systematics Polydrusini comprises the genera with following superficial morphological characters:</p> <p>1) antennal scrobes strictly lateral, with well developed edges;</p> <p>2) pronotum without vibrissae at the sides of the anterior margin;</p> <p>3) humeral prominences on elytra developed;</p> <p>4) setal comb of hind tibiae, simple or with inner bare ridnge, additional comb always absent (Fig. 26);</p> <p>5) setal comb of hind tibiae stricted by apical edge of tibia and not continuing on its dorsal edge; 6) claws connate.</p> <p>Old and recent data have revealed many exceptions in character 3 within genera being considered in Polydrusini: Liophloeus Germar, 1817, Metadrosus Schilsky, 1910, Homapterus Fairmaire, 1857, Synaptorhinus Faust, 1889 (new placement), and Polydrusus subgenera Orodrusus Korotyaev et Meleshko, 1997, Scythodrusus Korotyaev et Meleshko, 1997, Leucodrusus, and Eudipnus when humeral processes are more or less reduced (Smreczyński 1958; Borovec &amp; Fremuth 2000; original data of authors). That was expectable as aptery is already described in Phyllobiini and Cyphicerini (Korotyaev &amp; Egorov 1977; Morimoto et al. 2006).</p> <p>Tribal relationships and phylogenetic pattern of Polydrusini genera are not studied yet. A hypoth-hypothesis on the relationship of Polydrusini with Phyllobiini was proposed (Zherikhin &amp; Egorov 1991) because of similarity in general appearance, structure of thorax, limbs, and wing venation, but simultaneously significant differences were highlighted in structure of antennal socets, antennae, shape. Recently Japanese experts, supporting Zherikhins’s opinion, descovered other defferences of Polydrusini from Phyllobiini: absence of denticles on medial edge of deciduous mandibular process (without denicles) and presence of styli on coxites of ovipositor (Morimoto et al. 2006). The statement on the presence of styli in all Polydrusini is not confirmed by our recent unpublished study of Polydrusus subgenera Scythodrusus and Orodrusus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFADFFD7FF6C4ED94BF5FC26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFADFFD4FF6C4A2F4BDCFE34.text	3857BD64FFADFFD4FF6C4A2F4BDCFE34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polydrusus (Eudipnus) C. G. Thomson 1859	<div><p>Subgenus Eudipnus C. G. THOMSON, 1859</p> <p>[type species: Curculio micans Fabricius, 1792 (= C. mollis Ström, 1768)]</p> <p>Eudipnoidius Apfelbeck, 1898, syn. n.</p> <p>[type species: Polydrosus sciaphiliformis Apfelbeck, 1898 by monotypy]</p> <p>Taxonomic notes:</p> <p>Apfelbeck (1898) erected the subgenus Eudipnoidius for Polydrusus sciaphiliformis solely on the basis that Eudipnoidius has weaker humeral processes on the elytra than Polydrusus, and he suggests Eudipnoidius to be placed in between the genera Sciaphobus (with reduced humeral processes correlated with lack of hind wings) and Polydrusus (with strongly developed humeral processes correlated with complete hind wings). All significant characters traditionally used for discriminating subgenera within Polydrusus (structure and shape of rostrum parts, position and shape of hypostomal-labial sutures and posterior tentorial pit, and also features of leg shape) are identical with Polydrusus (Eudipnus). We thus synonymise Eudipnoidius with Eudipnus. This is based on examination of one female syntype and one recently collected male of P. sciaphiliformis Apfb. Both specimens are very similar to P. (Eudipnus) lateralis Gyll., P. (E.) cocciferae Kiesw. and P. (E.) mollis (Ström) in external morphology and genitalia structure of both sexes. P. sciaphiliformis differs from these species only in the shape of the scales of body vestiture and in the shape of the apex of the median lobe, while the internal sac armature and aggonoporium are almost identical.</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>Polydrosus sciaphiliformis: Bulgaria: female, syntype (MTMB), ‘Sofia, Vitosa pl.’.</p> <p>Other material examined:</p> <p>Polydrosus sciaphiliformis: Greece: 1 ♂ (MTMB), ‘Greece, Trakia, Megalo Dereio, 25.v.2004, S. Ilniczky leg.’ / ‘ Polydrosus sciaphiliformis Apfelbeck, 1898 Yunakov det. 2009’.</p> <p>Polydrosus lateralis: Greece: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (ZIN) ‘Thrakia’; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZIN) ‘Attica’.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFADFFD4FF6C4A2F4BDCFE34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFAEFFD4FED04C474BDFFB30.text	3857BD64FFAEFFD4FED04C474BDFFB30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polydrusus (Eustolus) C. G. Thomson 1859	<div><p>Subgenus Eustolus C. G. THOMSON, 1859</p> <p>[type species: Curculio flavipes DeGeer, 1775]</p> <p>Tylodrusinus Reitter, 1916: 56, syn. n.</p> <p>[type species: Polydrusus julianus Reitter, 1916]</p> <p>Taxonomic notes:</p> <p>Reitter (1916) erected the subgenus Tylodrusinus for the single species Polydrusus julianus from the Xinjiang province of China (Figs 3, 4). In general appearence its holotype differs from species of the subgenus Eustolus basically by the vestigial rather than extensive condition of shining metallic scales on the body. E. Reitter stressed this difference in the original description but did not provide any other significant evidence for the discrimination of Tylodrusinus. The structure of the head, pronotum, elytra, legs and abdomen agrees with that in Eustolus. There are no other particular characters suggesting Tylodrusinus to be classified as a distinct subgenus. Therefore P. julianus Rtt. is here transferred to the subgenus Eustolus C. G. Thomson, 1859. In a discussion of this topic Dr. B. A. Korotyaev has agreed upon this synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype designation is required and here done because the original description was based on several specimens.</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>Polydrusus julianus: Lectotype, female here designated (MTMB): ‘Turkestan [printed]’ / ‘Kuldscha [printed]’ / ‘Kuldscha [hand written]’ / ‘julianus m. Fn. Grm V. [hand written]’ / ‘Coll. Reitter [printed] ’ / ‘ Holotypus Polydrusus julianus Reitter, 1916 [standard museum label in red frame]’ / ‘Lectotype Polydrusus julianus Reitter, Yunakov des., 2009 [red, printed]’.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFAEFFD4FED04C474BDFFB30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFAEFFD5FED04BE649B9FE3C.text	3857BD64FFAEFFD5FED04BE649B9FE3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polydrusus impar Gozis 1882	<div><p>Polydrusus impar GOZIS, 1882</p> <p>vranicensis Reitter, 1905: 247, syn. n.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes:</p> <p>According to ICZN (article 45.6.4), Polydrusus impar var. vranicensis has to be treated as subspecies. The type locality is in Bosnian highlands, where this form occurs in the subalpine zone. The specimens differ from the common appearance of P. impar only in the absence of scales with metallic shine in the body vestiture, as also mentioned by E. Reitter in the original descrip-description. A reduction of scales with metallic shine in the vestiture is very common among Entiminae groups in which the vestiture usually contains such scales. For example, complete reduction of such scales can be observed in some specimens of Polydrusus amoenus Germar, 1824, Phyllobius pomaceu s Gyllenhal, 1834, and Ph. glaucus (Scopoli, 1763). There are no other morphological reasons to discriminate P. impar vranicensis from typical specimens of P. impar, which occur in Vranice Planina, too.</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>Syntypes, 2 females (MTMB), ‘‘ Bosnia Bosnia, Vranice Pl. ’ / ‘ ‘leg leg. Leonhard’ / ‘ ‘MetallitesMetallites impar v. vranicensis m. [Reitter’s hand writing] ’.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFAEFFD5FED04BE649B9FE3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFAFFFD5FF6C4C3C4B50FD4B.text	3857BD64FFAFFFD5FF6C4C3C4B50FD4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurodrusus KOROTYAEV et MELESHKO 1997	<div><p>Subgenus Eurodrusus KOROTYAEV et MELESHKO, 1997</p> <p>[type species: Polydrusus confluens Stephens, 1831, by original designation]</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFAFFFD5FF6C4C3C4B50FD4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFAFFFD5FF6C4CAE488FFB06.text	3857BD64FFAFFFD5FF6C4CAE488FFB06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polydrusus cervinus (LINNAEUS 1758)	<div><p>Polydrusus cervinus (LINNAEUS, 1758)</p> <p>Taxonomic notes:</p> <p>Polydrusus cervinus is a highly variable species with a huge distribution range over the whole of Europe. Members of this species were described for many times. Here the type series of P. iris, already proposed to be a synonym of P. cervinus (Dalla Torre et al., 1936), is critically examined. It consists of three syntypes obviously belonging to two different species, Polydrusus cervinus and Pachyrhinus mustela (Herbst, 1797). This situation requires a lectotype designation of Curculio iris for the sake of stability of nomenclature.</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>Lectotype, male, here designated (ZMUC): ‘iris’, ‘Lectotypus Curculio iris Fabricius Yunakov des. 2010’, ‘ Polydrusus cervinus (L.) Yunakov det.’. Paralectotypes: 1 ♀ (ZMUC), ‘iris’, ‘Paralectotypes Curculio iris Fabricius Yunakov des. 2010’, ‘ Polydrusus cervinus (L.) Yunakov det.’; 1 ♀ (ZMUC), ‘iris’, ‘Paralectotypes Curculio iris Fabricius Yunakov des. 2010’, ‘ Pachyrhinus mustela (Hbst.) Yunakov det.’.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFAFFFD5FF6C4CAE488FFB06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFAFFFDBFF6C4B7B4C35FE58.text	3857BD64FFAFFFDBFF6C4B7B4C35FE58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synaptorhinus Faust 1889	<div><p>Synaptorhinus FAUST, 1889 (new placement)</p> <p>[type species: Synaptorhinus simplex Faust, 1889, by monotypy]</p> <p>This poorly-known monotypic genus was erected for S. simplex Faust, 1889 from Turkey. The original description in Faust (1889) is fairly incomplete, and we thus provide a redescription that includes the morphological details required for comparison with resembling Entiminae genera.</p> <p>Redescription:</p> <p>Measurements. Body length 4 mm, width 2.2 mm. V estiture and coloration. Head and body densely covered with round, gold-cupreous scales with slightly pronounced pearl shine. Frontoepistome covered with scattered scales (Figs 14, 15). Antennal scape sparsely covered with slender recumbent and suberect scales; funicle without recumbent scales. Intervals between elytral striae weakly convex, covered with spatulate suberect scales. Light scales form an indistinct pattern of small blurs on the elytra.</p> <p>Head (Figs 16-18, 23)</p> <p>Compound eyes small, strongly and irregularly convex, their maximum width situated posteriad of their midlength. Epifrons distinctly narrowed apically, flat. Epistome and frons fused into a frontoepistome; this is coarsely punctate. Epistome with a pair of setae. Frons with weakly developed setal row. Frontoepistome demarcated from epifrons by scattered scales; U-shaped sharp carina not developed. Anterior margin of clypeus bare, without comb of microscopic setae. Ventral side of head (Fig. 24): Prementum broad, rounded, entirely covering buccal cavity, with one pair of setae. Labial palps entirely hidden. Postgenae strongly protruding. Hypostomolabial sutures completely separated and reduced to small pits. Antennae: Robust. Scape evenly but weakly S-shaped and widened apically, 1 st funicular segment 1.5x as long as 2 nd; rest of segments weakly rounded, slightly oblong to as long as wide; club ovate, compact, with fused segments, distinctly bordered from funicle.</p> <p>Thorax:</p> <p>Pronotum transverse (PL/PW=0.85), strongly rounded at the sides, widest in posterior half; at posterior margin 1.34x as wide as at anterior margin; its disk weakly and evenly convex longitudinally and transversely (Fig. 21). Legs: Femora obtuse, moderately swollen in middle part. Hind tibiae with simple corbels (Fig. 26). Fore tibiae widened externally (Fig. 19). Fore and middle tibiae slightly mucronate. Hind tibiae with mucro vestigial (Fig. 28). Tibial spurs absent.</p> <p>Abdomen:</p> <p>Anal ventrite sharply triangular, its apical edge narrowly rounded, sternite 8 with plate triangular and densely setose (Fig. 25). Tergite 6 sharply sinuate at the apex (Fig. 30).</p> <p>Genital structures (Figs 29, 31-33)</p> <p>Ovipositor flattened; coxite divided in two sclerites; well developed stick-shaped styli. In spermatheca, ramus and collum very small. Spiculum ventrale with lamella rounded and heavily sclerotized, its anterior margin densely setose; apodeme thick with small caput developed.</p> <p>Diagnosis and implications on systematic position:</p> <p>Synaptorhinus was commonly attributed to (or associated with members of) Brachyderini (Dalla Torre et al. 1936) or Sciaphilini (Alonso-Zarazaga &amp; Lyal 1999) but either placement may be inadequate as it lacks the typical autapomorphies most of Sciaphilini genera (epistome demarcated from frons by a sharp V-shaped ridge, frontoepistome convex or demarcated from epifrons by U- or V-shaped ridge; except of Euidosomus Reitter, 1904) and Brachyderini (anterior margin of clypeus with a comb of microscopic setae).</p> <p>Synaptorhinus also resembles the Cneorhinini genera Attactagenus Tournier, 1876, Philopedon Schoenherr, 1826, and particularly Sericopholus Desbrochers, 1893 in general appearance and the triangular shape of the anal ventrite. However, Synaptorhinus lacks the significant autapomor-autapomorphies of Cneorhinini, which are the presence of an additional setal comb on the hind tibiae (the corbel) and a transversal sulcus separating the epifrons from the remaining head capsule.</p> <p>On the other hand, Synaptorhinus has strongly protruding postgenae, which likely is an autapomorphy of the Polydrusus subgenus Eudipnus in Polydrusini. Synaptorhinus is particularly similar to P. (E.) lucianae Francia, 1985 in the shape of the head and eyes. On this basis we tentatively place Synaptorhinus Fst. in the tribe Polydrusini, near Eudipnus. It differs from all Eudipnus species by the lack of a frontal fovea and complex of reductions due to the aptery sindrome: reduction of scutellum and humeral processes of elytra.</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>Turkey: Lectotype, female, here designated (MTD), with labels: gold board; ‘ Asia minor, Pipitz’; ‘Lectotypus Synaptorhinus simplex Faust, Yunakov des., 2009’. Paralectotype, female (MTD) with the same labels as in lectotype; ‘Paralectotypus Synaptorhinus simplex Faust, Yunakov des., 2009’.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFAFFFDBFF6C4B7B4C35FE58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFA1FFDBFF6C4F934B9DFB38.text	3857BD64FFA1FFDBFF6C4F934B9DFB38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chiloneus Schoenherr 1842	<div><p>Chiloneus SCHOENHERR, 1842: 234</p> <p>[type species: Chiloneus siculus Boheman, 1842, by original designation]</p> <p>Chilonorrhinus Reitter, 1915: 187, syn. n.</p> <p>[type species: Chilonorrhinus sitonoides Reitter, 1915, here designated]</p> <p>Taxonomic notes:</p> <p>Chiloneus includes 46 species distributed over the Mediterranean region. Chilonorrhinus includes 4 species from Algeria, Italy, Greece, and Israel. Reitter (1915b) established Chilonorrhinus only based on the shape of scales (piliform, vs broad in Chiloneus). Head shape, the proportions of the body, and the structure of the frontoepistome are very similar in Chilonorrhinus and Chiloneus. Our examinations suggest that the type species Chilonorrhinus sitonoides differs from Chiloneus species only by having piliform hairs in its vestiture and a fine punctuation of the pronotum (Fig. 9). Difference of this kind are not significant enough to separate species at genus level. The female genitalia are very similar in Chilonorrhinus sitonoides and most Chiloneus species. We consider this sufficient reason to transfer Chilonorrhinus sitonoides to Chiloneus. The other three Chilonorrhinus species (which we did not examine) are also transferred to Chiloneus, as there is no evidence in favour of their separation from Chilonorrhinus sitonoides at genus level. The following new combinations are thus proposed: Chiloneus sitonoides (Reitter, 1915), comb. n., Chiloneus aliquoi (Pesarini, 1974), comb. n., Chiloneus corcyreus (Penecke, 1935), comb. n., and Chiloneus sahlbergi (Reitter, 1915), comb. n.</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>C. sitonoides (Figs 9-13): Holotype, female (MTMB): ‘Algier, Reitter (Leder) [printed] / X.p.g. Sciaphilus ’ [hand written] / Desbrochersella sitonoides m in lit. [hand written by E. Reitter] / Chilonorrhinus sitonoides m. Type, 1915 [hand written by E. Reitter] / coll. Reitter [printed] / Monotypus Chilonorrhinus sitonoides Reitter, 1915 ’ [hand written label with red frame].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFA1FFDBFF6C4F934B9DFB38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
3857BD64FFA1FFD9FF6C4B4B4A8EFEE6.text	3857BD64FFA1FFD9FF6C4B4B4A8EFEE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wittmerella Pesarini 1973	<div><p>Wittmerella PESARINI, 1973: 81</p> <p>[type species: Wittmerella viridisetosa Pesarini, 1973; by original designation]</p> <p>Sciaphilomorphus Alonso-Zarazaga &amp; Lyal, 1999: 177, syn. n.</p> <p>[type species: Sciaphilus aurosus Boheman, 1845; by original designation]</p> <p>Wittmerella viridisetosa is the only species assigned to this genus, and males are unknown. The original description in Pesarini (1973) is overall sufficient, but there are some gaps to be filled.</p> <p>Partial redescription:</p> <p>Measurements. Body length 3.65-4.80 mm, width 1.55-1.75 mm. Female genitalia. Sternite VIII with very transverse lamella and long, thin apodeme. Caput of apodeme vestigial. Ovipositor with coxite undivided, poorly setose, without styli (Fig. 56). Spermatheca robust, ramus and collum situated very close to one another, vestigial (can be recognized by junction of spermathecal gland duct and ductus spermaticus, respectively); corpus not swollen. (Figs 44-45).</p> <p>Diagnosis:</p> <p>The structure and shape of the antennae and rostrum in Wittmerella (including Sciaphilomorphus) are very similar to those of Polydrusus subgenus Leucodrusus Stierlin, 1884 and Sauromates arnoldii Korotyaev, 1992, which suggests these groups to be related to each other (Figs 34, 37).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes:</p> <p>Sciaphilomorphus includes two small species (body length 3-4 mm) occurring in Italy, Tunisia and Algeria: S. aurosus (Boh.) and S. sulcirostris (Chevr.). Both are wingless, and the pterothorax is strongly modified as a consequence of this (as convergently in many Entiminae). The aedeagus of Sciaphilomorphus sulcirostris and S. aurosus has dentate ligulae (Fig. 49). The internal sac has a densely spiculate field in its apical half, and the aggonoporium is almost unarmed. The tegmen is heavily sclerotized, the tegminal plate with the parameres is well developed (Fig. 50). The furcal arms of male sternite IX are heavily sclerotized (Fig. 51). Tergite VIII has a deep apical groove (Fig. 52).</p> <p>The previous proposal of identity of Sciaphilomorphus with Stasiodis Gozis, 1886 (Yunakov 2006) seems to be inappropriate, misled by the extreme similarity in general appearance due to body miniaturization. Stasiodis is distinct from Sciaphilomorphus by its tenuous antennal scape and slender funicular segments, ligulae of median lobe membranous, aggonoporium with well developed armature, parameres fused in proximal half, male tergite VIII without transverse groove (Figs 52-55), ramus and collum of spermatheca situated far apart, coxites of ovipositor with well developed styli, and sternite VIII with large lamella (Figs 46-47, 57).</p> <p>Sciaphilomorphus and Wittmerella viridisetosa (Figs 5-8 in Pesarini 1973) are also very similar in general appearance, but also in most morphological details. They share a similar structure of the epistomal area: epistome fused with frons, glabrous, bearing well visible pores, with few pairs of chaetae. The morphology of the female postabdomen is also very similar: sternite VIII with large small, transverse lamella; ramus and collum of spermatheca situated very close to one another. Wittmerella differs from both Sciaphilomorphus species by the vestigial condi-condition of the lateral edges of the rostrum posteriad of the antennal articulation (Fig. 35), by the elongate body shape, and by the pterothorax being less modified along the winglessness syndrome. We consider this insufficient to justify the separation of two genera, Wittmerella and Sciaphilomorphus.</p> <p>On this basis we consider Sciaphilomorphus congeneric with Wittmerella, and the following new combinations are proposed here: Wittmerella aurosa (Boheman, 1845), comb. n., W. sulcirostris (Chevrolat, 1860), comb. n.</p> <p>Type material:</p> <p>W. viridisetosa: Iran: Holotype, female (NMB) (L: 4.8 mm; W: 1.75 mm) ‘Polour-Abali 17.5. / 2100 /2600m’, ‘Iran 1970 / Wittmer, v. Bothmer’, ‘ Wittmerella viridisetosa m. Holotypus’; Paratype, female (NMB) (L: 4.2 mm, W: 1.7 mm): labeled as holotype.</p> <p>Other material examined:</p> <p>W. viridisetosa: Turkey: 3 females (MTMB 2, ZIN 1): ‘ Turkey, Prov. Siirt, Kusgunkiran Ģeçidi, 1.vi.1989, leg. A. Podlussány’; 1 female (ZIN): ‘ Turkey, TR 06-34, Muş, Hwy 959, Otluk Dağları, 41.7 km ENE of Muş, 38˚52'13.0" 41˚56'33.8" 1740 13.vi. 2006, A. Konstantinov leg. ’.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3857BD64FFA1FFD9FF6C4B4B4A8EFEE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yunakov, N. N.;Klass K. D.	Yunakov, N. N., Klass K. D. (2012): Contribution to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Entiminae from the Palaearctic region and South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62 (2): 427-445, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.427-445, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1825
