taxonID	type	description	language	source
FB2E87F3FFAD4F5DFF00DD5EF7FE8E54.taxon	description	(Figures 1 – 5, 11, Table 1) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 808 A 328 D-B 540 - 4591 - 8386 - 771 A 0 F 30400 A	en	Vega, Rocio, Razzolini, Emanuel, Arbetman, Marina, Viozzi, Gustavo (2019): Two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae) parasitizing introduced poeciliids in Patagonia. Zootaxa 4664 (3): 423-433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.9
FB2E87F3FFAD4F5DFF00DD5EF7FE8E54.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). Type locality: Arroyón stream, Cinco Saltos, Argentina (38 ° 43 ’ 39.2 ” S 68 ° 02 ’ 15.5 ” W). Other localities: Negro River, Cipolletti, Río Negro (38 ° 59 ’ 36.6 ” S 67 ° 59 ’ 31.1 ” W); Neuquen River, Vista Alegre, Neuquen, Argentina (38 ° 59 ’ 36.6 ” S 67 ° 59 ’ 31.1 ” W). Site of infection: Body surface. Specimens studied: holotype, MACN-Pa 676; paratypes MACN-Pa 677 / 1, MACN-Pa 677 / 2; hologenophore, MACN-Pa 678. Specimens sequenced: ITS 1 (GenBank accession numbers: MK 299423, MK 299424, MK 299425), ITS 2 (Gen- Bank accession numbers: MK 312457, MK 312458), COII (GenBank accession numbers: MN 066554, MN 066555, MN 066556). ZooBank registration: The life Science Identifier (LSID) Gyrodactylus decemmaculati n. sp. is urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 808 A 328 D-B 540 - 4591 - 8386 - 771 A 0 F 30400 A. Etymology: The specific name refers to the host specific epithet. Description: (Based on 11 specimens) Body elongate, 333 (266 – 408; n = 10) long, 68 (48 – 96; n = 10) wide. Cephalic glands, head organs, spike sensilla conspicuous. Cephalic glands anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral to pharynx. Pharynx composed of two tandem bulbs. Distal pharyngeal bulb muscular 21 (20 – 22; n = 3) wide; digitiform projections of distal pharyngeal bulb present; proximal pharyngeal bulb glandular 24 (21 – 29; n = 3) wide. Male copulatory organ (MCO) 9 (8 – 10; n = 3) wide, armed with one spine, one row of five to six large spinelets, each with wide, truncate base. Testis not observed. Germarium ovate, 24 (18 – 30; n = 3) long, 22 (20 – 23; n = 3) wide. Uterus with up to 2 generations of embryos. Syncytial follicles overlapping and immediately posterior to distal portions of caeca. Anchor 63 (61 – 66; n = 12) long; straight, recurved point; deep root poorly developed (knob like); elongate superficial root. Superficial bar 38 (35 – 42; n = 7) long, 33 (27 – 38; n = 8) wide, with two robust, round, anterolateral projections, each one with a ventral lobe; subtriangular shield. Deep bar robust, with tapering extremities. Hook 30 (28 – 31; n = 8) long, with uniform shank provided by inconspicuous proximal bulb; hooklet slender, 6 (6 – 7; n = 8) long; recurved delicate point reaching toe limit, almost 90 º angled; shafts elongate, straight; heel round; toe acute, depressed; shelf slightly convex; FH loop about 1 / 2 of shank length. Remarks: Gyrodactylus decemmaculati n. sp. resembles Gyrodactylus unami García-Vásquez, Razo-Mendivil & Rubio-Godo, 2015, Gyrodactylus pictae Cable, Van Oosterhout, Barson & Harris, 2005, and Gyrodactylus turnbulli Harris, 1986 from cyprinodontiform fishes in having certain similarities in the morphology of the hooklet (Figure 11). Gyrodactylus unami differs by having a squarish heel and an almost straight point, forming a right angle with hooklet shaft. Additionally, G. unami differs from G. decemmaculati n. sp. by a shallow “ M ” notch at the dorsal edge of the superficial bar. Gyrodactylus pictae differs in the shape of the toe, the slightly recurved shaft and the posteriorly-divided shield of the ventral bar (Cable et al., 2005). The hooklets of G. turnbulli are larger than those of G. decemmaculati, and have a recurved shaft, robust base, and non-prominent heel (Harris, 1986). Gyrodactylus pictae and G. turnbulli differ from G. decemmaculati n. sp. by short anterolateral projections of the superficial bar. Moreover, G. decemmaculati n. sp. resembles other neotropical gyrodactylids such as Gyrodactylus carolinae Boeger, Ferreira, Vianna & Patella, 2014, found in characiform fishes, in the morphology of its superficial bar. However, G. carolinae differs by having hooklets with a triangular base, short shafts and a round, prominent heel (Boeger et al., 2014).	en	Vega, Rocio, Razzolini, Emanuel, Arbetman, Marina, Viozzi, Gustavo (2019): Two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae) parasitizing introduced poeciliids in Patagonia. Zootaxa 4664 (3): 423-433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.9
FB2E87F3FFAB4F51FF00DB8EF2278CBC.taxon	description	(Figs 6 – 10, 12, Table 1) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 8 DE 2 A 9 EA-BDD 7 - 4980 - 924 E-AF 36 D 14 D 416 D	en	Vega, Rocio, Razzolini, Emanuel, Arbetman, Marina, Viozzi, Gustavo (2019): Two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae) parasitizing introduced poeciliids in Patagonia. Zootaxa 4664 (3): 423-433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.9
FB2E87F3FFAB4F51FF00DB8EF2278CBC.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). Type locality: Neuquen River, Vista Alegre, Neuquen, Argentina (38 ° 59 ’ 36.6 ” S 67 ° 59 ’ 31.1 ” W). Site of infection: Body surface. Specimen studied: holotype, MACN-Pa 679; paratypes MACN-Pa 680 / 1, MACN-Pa 680 / 2; hologenophore, MACN-Pa 681. Specimen sequenced: ITS 1 (GenBank accession numbers: MK 312262, MK 312261), ITS 2 (GenBank accession numbers: MK 312259, MK 312260), COII (GenBank accession numbers: MN 066552, MN 066553) ZooBank registration: The life Science Identifier (LSID) Gyrodactylus breviradix n. sp. is urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 8 DE 2 A 9 EA-BDD 7 - 4980 - 924 E-AF 36 D 14 D 416 D. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the short superficial root of the anchor. Description: (Based on 9 specimens) Body elongate, 318 (238 – 364; n = 8) long, 74 (56 – 98; n = 9) wide. Cephalic glands, head organs, spike sensilla conspicuous. Cephalic glands anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral to pharynx. Pharynx composed of two tandem bulbs. Distal pharyngeal bulb muscular 26 (22 – 30; n = 5) wide; digitiform projections of distal pharyngeal bulb not observed; proximal pharyngeal bulb glandular 23 (19 – 27; n = 5) wide. Male copulatory organ (MCO) 10 (8 – 11; n = 3) wide, armed with one spine, one row of two large spinelets, each with wide, ovate base. Testis ovate, 20 (n = 1) wide, overlapped by posterior portion of germarium. Germarium ovate, 11 (10 – 12; n = 2) long, 15 (10 – 20; n = 2) wide. Uterus with up to 2 generations of embryos. Syncytial follicles overlapping and immediately posterior to distal portions of caecae. Anchor 41 (36 – 43; n = 8) long; straight, point recurved; deep root poorly developed, knob-like; short superficial root, inwardly and dorsally recurved. Deep bar with a median notch at posterior edge. Superficial bar 23 (22 - 25; n = 3) long, 25 (22 – 27; n = 3) wide, with two robust, elongate anterolateral projections, folded inward; trapezoidal shield. Hook, 27 (26 – 29; n = 7) long with straight shank. Hooklet 6 (5 – 6; n = 4) long; point short, 90 º angled, ending before level of toe tip; short uniform shafts; heel round, prominent; toe pointed, depressed; shelf convex; FH loop about 1 / 4 of shank length. Remarks: Gyrodactylus breviradix n. sp. resembles Gyrodactylus xalapensis Rubio-Godoy, Paladini, García- Vásquez & Shinn, 2010, Gyrodactylus mexicanus Mendoza-Palmero, Sereno-Uribe & Salgado-Maldonado, 2009, and Gyrodactylus takoke García-Vásquez, Razo-Mendivil, & Rubio-Godoy, 2015, having certain similarities in hooklet morphology (Figure 12). Gyrodactylus xalapensis differs by having a circular to sub-square heel, a shorter, robust toe, and a slightly upward-curved hooklet point (Rubio-Godoy et al., 2010). Additionally, G. xalapiensis has an MCO with four spinelets (Rubio-Godoy et al., 2010). Gyrodactylus mexicanus differs by having hooks with a proximally-disrupted proximal ligament, a shorter hooklet shaft with a recurved point, and the superficial roots of anchors folded posteriorly with grooves (Mendoza-Palmero et al., 2009). Gyrodactylus takoke differs from G. breviradix n. sp. by having a straight point of the hooklet facing downwards and ending at the toe limit, a smaller hooklet (Table 1), and a superficial bar with a triangular shield (García-Vásquez et al., 2015).	en	Vega, Rocio, Razzolini, Emanuel, Arbetman, Marina, Viozzi, Gustavo (2019): Two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae) parasitizing introduced poeciliids in Patagonia. Zootaxa 4664 (3): 423-433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.9
FB2E87F3FFAB4F51FF00DB8EF2278CBC.taxon	materials_examined	Molecular analysis. The new species described in this work were compared with species that were morphological and genetically similar. Not every species was available for each region of the ITS 1 and ITS 2, so we based our analyses mainly on the ITS 2 region, where more comparisons were available. This was also true for the COII region, where none of the target species (i. e. more genetically or morphologically similar) were available. The genetic p-distances within and between species are shown in Table 2. The trees recovered with both the Maximum Likelihood and the consensus Bayesian Inference tree showed identical topology for the ITS 2 region. Both sequences of G. decemmaculati specimens clustered in a single group showing no intraspecific distance (Figure 13). The interspecific genetic distances observed between the morphologically similar gyrodactylids from the cyprinodontiform fishes G. unami, G. turnbulli, and G. pictae were similar to those between most of the pairwise comparisons. Sequences of G. breviradix specimens also clustered in a single group and presented much shorter intraspecific distances (0.007) than those observed between the morphologically similar gyrodactylids from the cyprinodontiform fishes G. xalapensis (0.085) and G. takoke (0.092). However, the barcoding gap graph clearly separated G. decemmaculati from the other species, although for G. breviradix the p-distances to the smallest inter- specific distance were shorter. Nevertheless, the closest p-distance for G. breviradix was to G. takoke but this was still higher than the distance between G. takoke and G. xalapensis (0.010) (Figure 14).	en	Vega, Rocio, Razzolini, Emanuel, Arbetman, Marina, Viozzi, Gustavo (2019): Two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae) parasitizing introduced poeciliids in Patagonia. Zootaxa 4664 (3): 423-433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.9
