taxonID	type	description	language	source
038387A4FFB5777BFF4FF92FFA3E9537.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic remarks. Gorochov (2020) included the genus Eumecopoda and his new Paramecopoda as subgenera in Mecopoda based on their morphological similarity and because „ the subgeneric position of some species is somewhat problematic “. However, the latter problem cannot be solved by downgrading, and all Eumecopoda species (including Paramecopoda) are characterized by falcate tegmina (see also below under Eumecopoda). Until genetic data are available we consider the two groups as separate genera.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB5777BFF4FF92FFA3E9537.taxon	description	Eumecopoda genus stat. rev. Generic characters (after Liu et al. 2020). Diagnostic characters. Large-sized species (habitus see e. g., fig. 4 in Liu et al. 2020). Fastigium verticis widened anteriorly. Head sulcate, with or without transverse lateral apices. Disc of pronotum flat, with truncate anterior and obtusely angular posterior margins, and distinct lateral carina. Tegmina surpassing apices of posterior femur. Prosternum bispinose. Male cerci with incurved apices, at tip with two minute acute teeth (Fig. 3 – 4) as in many other mecopodine genera. Male subgenital plate elongate, with styli and distinct apical notch. Ovipositor robust, elongate, sword-like. Redescription. Head. Fastigium verticis widely truncated and 1.5 – 3 times wider than scapus. Thorax. Pronotum elongated and broadened backward. Male pronotum narrowest in the beginning of prozona, broadened backward after the first transverse sulcus. Disc of pronotum flat with the exception of distinct depression around the sulcus. Legs robust and long. Anterior coxa armed with a spine. Anterior femur longer than pronotum. Anterior and median femora with indistinct tiny spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femora with a few small spines near apex on ventro-posterior margin. Each tibia with fine spines on each margin. Tympana on the fore tibiae fully open on both sides, tibia widened at and abruptly constricted below tympana. Female pronotum similar to that of male in general, but less broadened backward especially in the ending of metazona. Wings. Male tegmina well developed, extending beyond abdominal apex and surpassing apex of hind femur. Large and often complicated mirror cells near base of the right tegmen (Fig. 13). Number of stridulatory teeth between 44 and 139 (see Fig. 11), the lowest number observed in M. paucidens sp. nov. and the highest in M. prominens Gorochov, 2020. Female tegmina also well developed extending beyond apex of abdomen, but distinguished from male tegmina by length and shape.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB0777BFF4FFA22FF4F90F4.taxon	discussion	We use the name Mecopoda elongata group despite some uncertainties about the identity of M. elongata itself, since all Indian and thus topotypical Mecopoda species possess the characteristic pretzel-shaped mirror on the right male tegmen (Nityananda & Balakrishnan 2006).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB0777BFF4FFA22FF4F90F4.taxon	description	For the subgroups we follow the structuring proposed by Liu et al. 2020 (niponensis, confracta, minor subgroups)	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB0777BFF4FF97EFB6191B0.taxon	discussion	Member of this species group are characterized by wide tegmina, long files and wide mirrors compared to the confracta subgroup (Fig. 1), and have long-lasting, trill-like songs (see measurements in Liu Cx et al. 2020). In the song of many species regular changes between soft and loud parts are observed. Typical members are M. niponensis, M. fallax and M. himalaya. However, in morphology species of the minor subgroup (see below) are quite similar and can at present be separated only by the beginning of the song or by genetics (Liu et al. in prep).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB1777AFF4FFF1AFAC59468.taxon	description	The species can morphologically be separated from all other congeneric species by its short and wide tegmina (Fig. 5 A; see measurements in Liu Cx et al. 2020). Also its trilling calling song, studied in China (Liu YF et al. 2019; Liu Cx et al. 2020), Japan (Ichikawa et al. 2006; Yamamoto 2006) and Korea (Kim 2009), shows a characteristic amplitude modulation (see Fig. 6 – 7), clearly different from other Mecopoda species. However, we have a specimen from Vietnam at hand in which morphology and song pattern disagree. The trilling song of this animal shows the typical niponensis pattern, but it has unusually long and narrow tegmina. With a length / width ratio of 3.43 it is just outside the range (2.19 – 3.36) given by Liu Cx et al. (2020) for niponensis. More important, the tegmen length (55 mm) is far outside the range of niponensis (34 – 49 mm, Liu Cx et al. 2020; 40 – 43 mm in Korea, Storozhenko et al. 2015). Since it has additional song components not known from niponensis, and was found outside the known range of the species, we consider it as member of a new subspecies (see below).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB1777AFF4FF907FA3F91BC.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype male, here designated; labels (1) cotypus, (2) Museum Leiden, L. (Mecopoda) niponensis d. H., Det: de Haan (hand-written), (3) Museum Leiden, Mecopoda elongata L., det. C. de Jong, 1937. Stridulatory organs studied.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB1777AFF4FF907FA3F91BC.taxon	description	In the description of the species, de Haan (1843) obviously used a male and a female, probably both labeled as cotypes. We formally designate the male as lectotype although the female cotype seems to be lost. The stridulatory file has 116 teeth with the largest inter-tooth intervals between middle and anal third (Fig. 11 – 12). M. marmorata Liu, 2019 (Fig. 12) is similar to M. niponensis in file structure and basic pattern of the song (Liu et al. 2020), but not in genetics (Liu et al. 2019; Liu Cx in prep.). Measurements (in mm): length of pronotum 7.1, tegmen length 39.1, tegmen width 15.4 (widest in the middle).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB27779FF4FF9FBFE2891AC.taxon	materials_examined	Recording; male CH 7674, CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe, Dai Yao Jinping Miao, Maandi (22 ° 52 ’ N, 103 ° 13 ’ E), 1900 m, 20 viii 2013, leg. Liu Chun-Xiang (song, stridulatory organs, chromosomes). Other material (stridulatory files studied): 13 males, CHINA, Fukien (= Fujian), Kuatun (2300 m) 27.40 ºN, 117.40 ºE, 11 – 15 ix 1938, leg. J. Klapperich; 1 male, CHINA, Fukien (= Fujian), Kwangtseh, 17 viii 1937, leg, J. Klapperich (ORT 2002 _ 1833 - 9, 1845, 1849 – 50, 1984; ZFMK). For comparison with M. n. vietnamica subsp. nov., we present an oscillogram of the song of the subspecies continentalis from China (Fig. 7). For the stridulatory file, see M. n. vietnamica subsp. nov. below. Chromosomes: 2 n = 27, FN = 54; pairs 1, 2 and 5 – 13 metacentric, 3 and 4 subacrocentric, X chromosome metacentric (Fig. 15).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB37766FF4FF9F5FB8293F0.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: VIETNAM: Tân Phú District, Dong Nai, Cát Tiên National Park, 128 m a. s. l., 11 ° 26 ’ N, 107 ° 26 ’ E. 13 vi 2019, leg. N. Sevastianov. ZIN. Song and stridulatory organs studied.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB37766FF4FF9F5FB8293F0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from the nominate subspecies by longer tegmina, from other Mecopoda species by the characteristic amplitude modulation in the trill (see Fig. 6 – 7) and from the Vietnamese species M. ampla and M. prominens in file structure (see Fig. 11 – 12). Morphology. As nominate subspecies, but with longer tegmina (see above). Song. The recorded specimen had an unusually variable song containing two elements. It produced trill-like series, quite similar to the song of the continental subspecies (Fig. 6) and to that known from other parts of its range (for details see Liu Cx et al. 2020). These series last for many minutes and have a relatively complicated structure. Within a song unit, the low-amplitude beginning and ending phases consist of repeated simple syllables, while the high-amplitude climax is composed of many repeated subunits. In the recorded specimen the subunits consisted of five to six syllables with a characteristic amplitude pattern (Fig. 7). In other parts of its range like Japan and Korea (n. niponensis) one subunit seems to have typically only three syllables (Ichikawa et al. 2006; Kim 2009). Besides the trills, the specimen produced also occasionally long series of echemes before the trill. In the frequency spectrum, the ultrasound components were even stronger than the peak in the audible range (Fig. 14). Stridulatory file. Like specimens of the nominate subspecies, also the Vietnamese specimen has a long file carrying about 115 teeth (Fig. 11 B) like M. n. niponenis. The inter-teeth distances start anally with 50 µm and reach their maximum of about 80 µm between the 30 th and 40 th tooth (Fig. 12). In the file of the lectotype of M. n. niponenis the inter-tooth distances are slightly smaller but there is some variability in this character. The file of the M. n. continentalis specimen (105 teeth) photographed by Liu Cx et al. (2020) is similar to M. n. vietnamica n. ssp, but has the maximum around the 50 th tooth. Another Chinese specimen of M. n. continentalis (Fig. 11 A; CH 7674, 107 teeth) is between the lastly mentioned and M. n. vietnamica subsp. nov., and the specimen from Fujian (M. n. continentalis; 115 teeth) is similar to the lectotype of M. n. niponenis (Fig. 12).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB37766FF4FF9F5FB8293F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Vietnam.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFB37766FF4FF9F5FB8293F0.taxon	description	Measurements (length in mm). Pronotum 9.0, tegmina 55, hind femur 51.7.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFAD7765FF4FFA7BFE1090B7.taxon	materials_examined	The species was described in 2020 from two males in Yunnan, China, but it is obviously quite widespread. Its characteristic song was first recorded in 1985 by Sismondo on Sumatra, and later by others in several localities in Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia (see below). Also the stridulatory file with relatively few teeth seems to be unique (but see below for the Sulawesian species M. macassariensis). Song recordings and stridulatory organs: THAILAND: 3254539 (CI), Tak Ban Mae Salit, Monkrating resort (17 ° 30 ’ N, 98 ° 5 ’ E), 700 – 800 m a. s. l., 18 ix 1989, leg. S. Ingrisch. MALAYSIA, peninsular: CH 3737, CH 3740, Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Study Centre (20 km nno Kuala Lumpur) (3 ° 20 ’ N, 101 ° 45 ’ E), 260 m, 8 – 28 iii 1981 and 12 – 19 iv 1981, leg. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth (both songs and stridulatory organs). MALAYSIA, Sabah: CRT-meceloM 01 (ZFMK), Mt. Kinabalu NP, Poring, 04.10.1993, 500 – 700 m a. s. l., leg. K. Riede. INDONESIA: Java: 2534643 (CI) Indonesia West Java Palabuan Ratu, Samudra beach (6 ° 58 ’ S, 106 ° 30 ’ E), 2 iii 1995, leg. S. Ingrisch. NHMUK 010210933, Sumatra: Brastagi [probably Berastagi, 3 ° 11 ′ N, 98 ° 31 ′ E], 17 ii 1985, leg E. Sismondo. Song only. THAILAND: 3254540 (CI) Thailand Nan Doi Phukha, guesthouse near “ Pass ” (19 ° 15 ’ N, 101 ° 10 ’ E), 1500 m a. s. l., 5 x 1991, leg. S. Ingrisch. INDONESIA: 3254644 - 5 (CI) Indonesia Java Bogor, Kebun Raya (6 ° 35 ’ S, 106 ° 47 ’ E), 250 m a. s. l., 15 ii 1995, leg. S. Ingrisch (both song). 3254541 (CI) Indonesia North Sumatra Pematang Siantar (2 ° 59 ’ N, 99 ° 0 ’ E), 400 m a. s. l., 2 iii 1993, leg. S. Ingrisch. 3254646 (CI) Indonesia West Sumatra Maninjau (0 ° 18 ’ S, 100 ° 15 ’ E), 400 m a. s. l., 13 iii 1995, leg. S. Ingrisch. Stridulatory organs only. THAILAND: Male, Surat Thani Prov. (Malay Peninsula), ~ 40 km WSWof Phanom Town, environs of Khao Sok NationalPark, secondary-primary forest, 20 – 28 July 1996, A. Gorochov (holotype of Mecopoda ampla malayensis). INDONESIA: Male, “ Java merid. 1500 ′ 1891 H. Fruhstorfer ”, “ 104 - 98 ”, “ Mecopoda elongata № 42 ” (holotype of Mecopoda ampla javaensis). Male, Indonesia, West Sumatra Prov., environs of Harau Valley National Park, equator, 24 – 26 November 1990, A. Gorochov (holotype Mecopoda fallax aequatorialis; relative mirror width 1.28). Other material: Males CH 3742, CH 3489, MALAYSIA: Pahang, Krau Game Reserve (study area) bei Kuala Kerau, Kuala Lompat near Temerloh (3 ° 43 ’ N, 102 ° 16 ’ E), 28 iii – 12 iv 1981 and 18 – 21 iii 1992, leg. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth. Males CH 3741, CH 3750, CH 3754, CH 3755, CH 3756, MALAYSIA: Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Study Centre (20 km nno Kuala Lumpur) (3 ° 20 ’ N, 101 ° 45 ’ E), 260 m, 8 – 28 iii 1981 and 28 ii – 24 iv 1984, leg. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth. Seven pairs of male tegmina CH 3411, CH 3412, CH 3413, CH 3657, CH 3659, CH 3660, CH 3691 (2) from the same localities. Females (assumed to belong to himalaya because of large size and green coloration): CH 3743, MALAYSIA: Pahang, Krau Game Reserve (study area) near Kuala Kerau, Kuala Lompat near Temerloh (3 ° 43 ’ N, 102 ° 16 ’ E), 28 iii – 12 iv 1981, leg. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth. CH 3745, CH 3749, MALAYSIA: Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Study Centre (20 km nno Kuala Lumpur) (3 ° 20 ’ N, 101 ° 45 ’ E), 260 m, 8 – 28 iii 1981, leg. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth. Literature data on song: Korsunoskaya 2008 (INDONESIA: Java), Kostarokas & Römer 2015, Krobath et al. 2017, Siegert et al. 2013 (all MALAYSIA), Liu Cx et al. 2020 (CHINA), Tan & Wahab 2018 (BRUNEI). The most detailed study of the song was undertaken by Krobath (2013; Krobath et al. 2017) under the name ‚ trilling species of the Mecopoda complex‘. At intervals of many minutes, the males produce calling bouts which last several minutes and start with an alternation between soft and loud trilling parts and end in a continuous long loud trill (Krobath 2013; Krobath et al. 2017). The stridulatory movements differ between soft and loud parts. When singing softly, the males make simple to-and-fro movements (single syllables), but during the loud part they alternate between long and short syllables (echemes), as it can be seen in the wing movement recordings (Fig. 7). Period data are given in Tab. 3. However, the males are heating up during singing by up to eight degrees (Erregger et al. 2017) with the effect that all time parameters may change during the song. Impulses are produced during both opening and closing of the tegmina (Fig. 7). Opening and closing hemisyllables differ slightly in spectral composition (Fig. 14). The stridulatory file of himalaya has less teeth (73 – 98) than that of niponensis and fallax (Tab. 2, see also Fig. 12). The inter-tooth distances start anally with 60 µm and reach their maximum (between 80 µm and 100 µm) always around the 30 th tooth (except one specimen from Thailand with obvious irregularities; Fig. 12). Considering the large range, local variation in file structure as well as in mirror dimensions and other morphological structures are to be expected and do exist (see above listed synonyms). The status of these forms will be established after the relationship to M. macassariensis is solved. Chromosomes (from holotype): 2 n = 27, FN = 54; pair 1 metacentric, pairs 4 – 14 metacentric or submetacentric, 2 and 3 subacrocentric, X chromosome metacentric (Fig. 15). Measurements (in mm): CH 3737, 3740: pronotum length 9.5; tegmen length 62 – 65; tegmen width 15 – 16; hind femora length 46.0 – 46.5.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFAE7764FF4FF8AAFA3996AF.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male, RMNH. INS. 1256442 (Indonesia, Sulawesi, Makassar). NBC. From its broad mirror area (length / width = 1.44), the species belongs to the niponensis subgroup. In tooth number (93) and inter-tooth distances it is very similar to M. himalaya (Fig. 11, 12). Since M. himalaya is quite widespread, both names could refer to the same species with macassariensis having priority. However, even species with quite similar files can have very different songs (see below; M. fallax and M. s. stridulata). Since wrong combining is more difficult to restore than wrong splitting, we remain on the safe side and consider at the moment M. macassariensis as a species endemic to Sulawesi. Data on its song are urgently needed.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFAA7760FF4FF966FF5C946B.taxon	description	The species was described from China (Liu Yf et al. 2019, Liu Cx et al. 2020), but is obviously more widespread. The long lasting trilling song of M. fallax (Fig. 6) is composed of quite short song units (less than one second) which are repeated without intervals. Within these units regular changes in amplitude are observed (Fig. 7). The duration of one unit was 0.3 – 0.8 s in China (T = 24 – 29 ºC; Liu Yf et al. 2019, Liu Cx et al. 2020), 0.7 s in Thailand (T = 21.5 ºC) and 0.2 s in Malaysia (T = 27 ºC). M. fallax has a long stridulatory file carrying about 110 teeth (Fig. 11 E). Concerning the inter-tooth distances, the file is relatively homogenous. The distances start anally around 40 – 50 µm, reach the maximum at about 60 – 70 µm and become smaller than 40 µm only very near to the articulation (Fig. 12). It will be interesting to study the songs and the relationships between the two Vietnamese species M. prominens and M. ampla and the widespread M. fallax. All three have with quite similar files (Figs. 11 – 12) and occur in Vietnam.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFAB776FFF4FFD03FE9B9683.taxon	description	Other specimens studied. All MALAYSIA, Sabah (Borneo): 1 male (3261450), Kota Kinabalu, 9. viii. 1984, (secondary vegetation), CI [additional label “ Stridulation = gleichmässiges Zwitschern ” (stridulation = uniform chirping)]. 3 males, OTRmeceloS 15 - 17 (ZFMK), Matunggong, 19 viii 1992, coll. K. Riede. Our specimens were identified on base of male 3261450 which has a file in structure nearly identical to that of the holotype of Mecopoda stridulata stridulata. The song of this specimen was described as ‚ uniformly chirping‘ fitting well to the recordings mentioned above. The specimens with this song, however, differ slightly in file structure. Song. The long lasting calling song (recording of M 2 lasting 136 s, of M 3 89 s) consists of single isolated syllables, produced with an SRR of 8.3 Hz (Figs. 6 – 7; T = 20 ºC). Within the syllable, a short (10 ms) and soft part is followed by a much louder and longer (20 ms) part. This second part had a resonant structure with the strongest component sweeping upwards from 7.3 to 8.3 kHz. The fundamental at 2.5 kHz was clearly visible, but the second strongest harmonic was at 10 kHz. Additional description. Morphologically the Bornean species differs from M. himalaya by the following, although weak, morphological characters: the pair of teeth at the end of the male cercus are of nearly identical size and are clearly spaced from each other instead of having the apical tooth markedly larger than the preapical tooth and both teeth inserted rather close to each other. Further on, the styli at tip of the male subgenital plate are thin and short but less shortened than in the latter species. Male cerci not very stout at base, narrow apical area little curved mediad and provided at end with two small acute teeth of rather equal size that are markedly spaced from each other (Fig. 3 L – O). Stridulatory file long (5.0 – 5.8 mm), with about 106 – 126 teeth. Subgenital plate moderately wide, narrowed from base towards midlength; divided into two lobes in apical area; apical incision about 0.26 – 0.28 times the length of the subgenital plate; styli short and thin. There are brown and green color variants.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFAB776FFF4FFD03FE9B9683.taxon	discussion	Remarks. From the dimensions of the stridulatory organs the species belongs to the Mecopoda subgroup niponensis. It differs in song clearly from all other species of the subgroup and also from M. yunnana by producing very short song units (single syllables), separated by short silent gaps from the preceding and following syllables (Figs. 6 – 7). Concerning the inter-tooth distances, the file is relatively homogenous (Figs. 11 F, 12) like that of M. fallax and M. yunnana [using fig. 5 l (M. minor) in Liu et al. 2020 for comparison instead of the smaller fig. 5 m (M. yunnana) following the description of the sizes in the text]. The distances start anally at around 40 – 50 µm, do not exceed about 70 µm in the middle of the file and become smaller than 40 µm only near to the articulation (Fig. 12). In song, M. s. stridulata differs clearly from M. fallax, but its SRR is quite similar to the rhythm in the trill phase of M. yunnana. M. yunnana, however, seems to produce fast syllable groups (Liu Cx et al. 2020). Further bioacoustic and genetic studies have to confirm that M. s. stridulata really belongs to the niponensis subgroup.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFAB776FFF4FFD03FE9B9683.taxon	description	Measurements (5 males). Body w / wings: male 61 – 66 (63.8 ± 2.3); body w / o wings: male 27 – 34 (29.8 ± 2.7); pronotum: male 6.5 – 8.5; tegmen: male 45 – 54 (50.8 ± 3.4); hind femur: male 40 – 43; tegmen width: male 12 – 13 (12.2 ±. 4) mm.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA4776FFF4FFBEDFA3E90C1.taxon	discussion	According to Liu Cx et al. (2020), the species of this group „ have mediate-width long tegmina, comparatively short files and the narrowest mirror. The file is widest in basal quarter, from which teeth are gradually narrower toward both ends. The songs are discontinuous and each song unit consists of numerous simple syllables “. The authors included the two newly described species Mecopoda confracta and M. synconfracta sp. n. (China), but listed also Mecopoda _ “ S ” (Malaysia) with song and file data and Mecopoda _ “ N ” (Bali) (Sismondo 1990) as group members. In addition and based on file structure, they added an unidentified Mecopoda species from Vietnam and an otherwise undescribed ‚ Mecopoda elongata‘ from India. From song structure also the „ chirper “ in Nityananda & Balakrishnan (2006) belongs to the group. In our material specimens with a ratio larger than 1.5 (length / width of mirror area) always belonged to the confracta subgroup.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA4776FFF4FFBEDFA3E90C1.taxon	description	Among this material there are at least three forms which differ clearly in song pattern from the previously described ones and from each other. Their songs differ mainly in three parameters, in echeme repetition rate (echeme period), in syllable repetition rate (syllable period) and in the number of syllables per echeme. For comparison, we present also data on the song of the Chinese species M. confracta (Tab. 4). Concerning the structure of the stridulatory file, all species of the subgroup are relatively similar (Figs. 11 H – K, 12).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA4776FFF4FF950FCA391A2.taxon	materials_examined	Recording: CHINA, Yunnan, Jin Ping, 23 viii 2013, leg. K-G Heller & Cx Liu (paratype CH 7680, collected as nymph) For comparison, we present oscillograms of the song of this Chinese species (Figs. 8, 9) in the same scale as the other species. The recorded male typically started to sing with isolated echemes, changed to a slow and irregular rhythm and switched (Fig. 8) to the species-specific fast echeme repetition rate only after some minutes. For detailed data of the song of the species see Liu Cx et al. (2020).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA5776EFF4FFF1AFE789293.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: male, labels: (1) Singapore [1 ° 17 ′ N, 103 ° 50 ′ E] 84 A, (2) Brit. Mus. 1985 - 242, (3) Molted to adult 28 I 84 gassed on 9 VI 84, (4) COLLECTED BY E. SISMONDO (5) SONG-RECORDED (6) The stridulation of this specimen has been recorded. Tape No. 568 Recording No 1, (7) NHMUK 010210931. NHM. Song and stridulatory organs studied. Paratypes; males CH 3746, MALAYSIA: Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Study Centre (20 km nno Kuala Lumpur) (3 ° 20 ’ N, 101 ° 45 ’ E), 260 m, 8 – 28 iii 1981, leg. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth (song and stridulatory organs). CH 3738, MALAYSIA: Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Study Centre (20 km nno Kuala Lumpur) (3 ° 20 ’ N, 101 ° 45 ’ E), 260 m, 12 – 19 iv 1981, leg. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth (song and stridulatory organs) (all CH). Other material: Male CH 7704, SOUTH EAST ASIA, exact locality unknown, obtained from breeder, 2013 (song, stridulatory organs, chromosomes). Males CH 3751, CH 3645, CH 3739, MALAYSIA: Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Study Centre (20 km nno Kuala Lumpur) (3 ° 20 ’ N, 101 ° 45 ’ E), 260 m, 12 – 19 iv 1981 and 28 ii – 24 iv 1984, leg. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth. Six pairs of male tegmina CH 3656, CH 3663, CH 3666, CH 3687, CH 3688, CH 3690 from the same locality. The song of the species is described by Sismondo (1990) (SINGAPORE; as species S), by Korsunoskaya (2008) (INDONESIA: Sumatra) and by Hartbauer et al. (2006; 2012) (MALAYSIA).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA5776EFF4FFF1AFE789293.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The species has a much slower echeme repetition rate than the other species of the subgroup (echeme periods about 3 s; Tab. 4).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA5776EFF4FFF1AFE789293.taxon	description	Description. Morphologically no difference to other species of the M. confracta subgroup (Liu Cx et al. 2020). Measurements (in mm): CH 3738, 3746: pronotum length 8.0 – 8.7; tegmen length 55 – 57; tegmen width 13; hind femora length 42.0 – 44.5. In peninsular Malaysia, the species is often found syntopically with M. himalaya (our data, Tan & Kamaruddin 2016). It is typically a little bit smaller than himalaya and often brown, whereas himalaya is more often green. Chromosomes: 2 n = 29, FN = 52; pairs 1 metacentric and 4 – 7, 9, 10, 12 – 14 metacentric / submetacentric, 3 subacrocentric, 2, 8 and 11 acrocentric, X chromosome submetacentric (Fig. 15).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA5776EFF4FFF1AFE789293.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. Named in honour of Enrico Sismondo who discovered the song diversity of Mecopoda, collected and recorded the type specimens of M. sismondoi and analyzed and described the signal interactions in that genus (Sismondo 1990).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA5776DFF4FFA9AFB969188.taxon	materials_examined	Neotype, here designated: male, INDONESIA, West Java, Palabuan Ratu, Samudra beach, (6 ° 58 ’ S, 106 ° 30 ’ E), 3 – 6 iii 1995, coll. S. Ingrisch (CI 3261437 in ZFMK). Song and stridulatory organs studied. The need to clarify the status of M. javana comes from observations showing that in South East Asia many morphologically similar species exist (see above) formerly united under the name M elongata. To secure nomenclature stability the status of the old names has to be clarified. M. javana has priority over M. maculata Serville, 1831, a species with type locality also on the island of Java and assumed to belong to the same species. Qualifying conditions for neotype designation according to Art. 75.3.1 – 7 of the ICZN (1999): 1. The neotype is designated to clarify the taxonomic status of the species M. javana. 2. See diagnosis, description and bioacoustical data below. 3. See data of neotype 4. After the description, the holotype of the species was obviously never seen nor studied by any scientist. The author Johansson was a student of Linnaeus. The specimen, however, is not in the collection of the Linnean Society (Marshall 1983) nor in Uppsala (Catalogue UUZM). 80 years after the description, the species was mentioned again by de Haan (1843) who considered all specimens of the Mecopoda elongata group from South East Asia and China as belonging to this species except his new macassariensis and niponensis. Redtenbacher (1892) and Karny (1920, 1924) considered all three as belonging to M. elongata. There is no indication that any of these orthopterologists had seen the type. 5. From Java at least two biological species (song types) are known, the mostly green species M. himalaya with a trilling song (see above) and a mostly brown species producing chirps (echemes). Since M. javana is described as greyish-brownish (cinereus, fuscescens) we considered the chirping species as javana and select a specimen with this song type as neotype. 6. The neotype comes from Java, the type locality (no further details given). 7. The neotype is deposited in Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany (ZFKM). Other material. 3 males, INDONESIA, West Java, Palabuan Ratu, Samudra beach, (6 ° 58 ’ S, 106 ° 30 ’ E), 3 – 6. iii. 1995, 3261432, 3261435, 3261436 (stridulatory organs studied), coll. S. Ingrisch (CI). Male, labels: (1) INDONESIA, Bali, Nusa Dua, [8 ° 48 ′ S, 115 ° 13 ′ E], 27. XII. 1987, E. Sismondo, B. M. 1989 - 38, (2) MECOBA 2, (3) The stridulation of this specimen has been recorded. Tape No. 711 Recording No 3, (4) NHMUK 010210932; (song and stridulatory organs). Additional song recordings of two other males in bio. acousti. ca from Bali, Nusa Dua, made by Sismondo (species mentioned by Sismondo 1990 as species N) and from two males (specimens not collected) Ingrisch 3254649 – 50 (from type locality). Other material from outside Indonesia. Male, labels: (1) SRI LANKA, Sinharadja Forest, III 1980, leg. K. Sänger & B. Helfert, B. M. 1981 - 464, (2) kept in captivity killed 27 viii 1981, (3) The stridulation of this specimen has been recorded. Tape No. 400 Recording No, (4) NHMUK 010210934 (Song and stridulatory organs). Male CH 7725, SRI LANKA: Weddagala (near Rock View Hotel) (6 ° 33 ’ N, 81 ° 20 ’ E), 10 iii 2014, leg. K. - G. Heller, (song, stridulatory organs, chromosomes).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA5776DFF4FFA9AFB969188.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The calling song of the species has a distinctly lower number of syllables per echeme than the other species of the group except mahindai (see below) and a higher echeme repetition rate than most other species of the group (Tab. 2). M. javana (specimen from Sri Lanka) has also a chromosome number (2 n = 23) lower than known from any other species of the genus.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA5776DFF4FFA9AFB969188.taxon	description	Description. General habitus of the genus. Specimens collected in Java of brown color. Male cerci not very stout at base, narrow apical area moderately curved with internal apical tooth larger and stouter than pre-apical tooth. Subgenital plate with moderately long styli (longer than in “ P. Ratu green “ = M. himalaya). Morphologically the new species differs from M. himalaya - group that occurs in Palabuan Ratu (South coast of Java) in the same locality by structure of the mirror and song, by the apical teeth of the male cerci arising from the end of the internal margin of the cercus. These teeth are moderately spaced and the apical tooth is stouter and larger than the pre-apical tooth, while in M. himalaya - group from Java arises nearly fully from the apical margin, the apical tooth is slightly less stout (than in M. himalaya), both teeth are closer together, and by the styli of the male subgenital plate that are although short longer than in M. himalaya - group (Fig. 2) and by the brown instead of mostly green color. Song. The calling song consisted of long (from a few seconds to more than one and a half minute documented) sequences of echemes (Fig. 8, 9; parameters Tab. 4) Measurements. 4 males, Java: Body w / wings: male 66 – 70 (67.3 ± 1.9); body w / o wings: male 36 – 38 (37.3 ± 1); pronotum: male 8.9 – 9.0 (9.0 ± 0.1); tegmen: male 55 – 58 (56.6 ± 1.6); hind femur: male 42 – 46 (43.4 ± 1.9); anterior femur: male 10; tegmen width: male 13.0 – 15.2 (13.9 ±. 9) mm. Male CH 7725, Sri Lanka: pronotum 8.5; tegmen length ca. 50 (slightly damaged); tegmen width 12; hind femur 39 mm. Literature data on song: Korsunoskaya 2008 (CAMBODIA) Specimens with this song type have been found in two widely separated areas, in South East Asia (in several Indonesian islands and in Cambodia and Thailand; see below) as well as in Sri Lanka without obvious differences in morphology. Chromosomes (CH 7725): 2 n = 23, FN = 46; pairs 1 and 4 – 11 metacentric, 2 and 3 subacrocentric, X chromosome metacentric (Fig. 15) Based on chromosome number (see Discussion), a female from Thailand (Luanpirom et al. 1999) may also belong to this species. Uvarov (1927) mentions Mecopoda elongata from Sri Lanka (Museum Colombo); these specimens may either belong to M. javana or to M. mahindai sp. nov. (see below).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA7776CFF4FFA09FC4B9125.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male CH 7843, SRI LANKA: Mihintale (8 ° 21 ’ N, 80 ° 31 ’ E), 100 m, 4 iii 2014, leg. K. - G. Heller. MfN. Song, stridulatory organs and chromosomes studied.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA7776CFF4FFA09FC4B9125.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The calling song of the species does not consist of a homogenous sequence of echemes as in all other known species of the group, but the very short echemes are grouped in small series of three echemes separated from the next series by a larger interval (Fig. 8, 9).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA7776CFF4FFA09FC4B9125.taxon	description	Description. Morphologically no difference to other species of the M. confracta subgroup (Liu et al. 2020). Measurements (in mm): pronotum length 8; tegmen length 56; tegmen width 13.5; hind femora length 43. Chromosomes: 2 n = 29, FN = 52; pairs 1, 4 and 6 – 14 metacentric, 2, 3 and 5 acrocentric, X chromosome metacentric (Fig. 15).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA7776CFF4FFA09FC4B9125.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. Name remembering to the Indian monk Mahinda who arrived in Mihintale, the type locality, according to religious myths traveling through the air, founding Buddhism in Sri Lanka. The insect was found on the stupa which was built to celebrate this event. Substantive in genitive.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA0776BFF4FFF1AFE919730.taxon	description	Included species and subspecies: M. minor (East Asia), M. yunnana (China; see below), M. hainanensis He, 2019 (China).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA0776BFF4FFE3AFB6D95BE.taxon	materials_examined	Unfortunately, we did not find specimens of this group for our study, but in bio. acousti. ca is a recording from Myanmar [probably from the city of Taunggyi (20 ° 47 ’ N, 97 ° 02 ’ E), as spoken in the recording] with the typical group-specific pattern (Fig. 6). It was made by Sismondo in 1985, but the corresponding specimen could not be localized in NHM.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA0776BFF4FFE3AFB6D95BE.taxon	description	In this recording the syllable repetition rate is ca. 12 Hz in the trill and 50 Hz in the chirp (recording temperature unknown). M. minor minor has 33 Hz in the trill (20 – 40 Hz in Liu Cx et al. 2020) and 60 Hz in the chirp (Liu Cx, unpublished), whereas M. minor yunnana shows a rhythm of 12.5 Hz (8 – 11 Hz; 14 – 18 ºC; Liu et al. 2020) in the trill (possibly from syllable groups; no data for chirp). The song of Sismondo’s specimen is thus quite similar to that of yunnana, not surprising considering the proximity of the collecting localities. Compared to minor minor, however, the SRR during the trill is much slower, but similar during the chirp. The song differences between the subspecies thus cannot result from different temperatures, but are species-specific characters large enough to consider yunnana as a separate species.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA0776AFF4FFB0CFE7694D3.taxon	description	Other material: Females. MALAYSIA: CH 3744, Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Study Centre (20 km nno Kuala Lumpur) (3 ° 20 ’ N, 101 ° 45 ’ E), 260 m, 8 – 28 iii 1981, leg. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth. CH 3790, same locality, 4 iii – 5 iv 1992, leg. K. - G. Heller & M. Volleth. Material used for comparison. Mecopoda dilatata Redtenbacher, 1892. Type series with three males under M. dilatata Redtb., 13846, Borneo, all NMW. Holotype male, labels: (1) type, (2) Mecopoda dilatata Redt, det. Redtenbacher, (3) Coll. Br. v. W. Borneo Grabovsky, (4) 13846, (5) II 13846. Second male from type series without labels. Third male with label Borneo. Male, labels (1) Mecopoda dilatata Redtenbacher, 1892 det. S. Ingrisch 1994, (2) SABAH Poring 15 IV 1991, leg K. Riede, (3) DORSA ORTmecdilS 01 (4) Museum Koenig ORT 2005 / 413.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA0776AFF4FFB0CFE7694D3.taxon	description	Song. The calling song of M. angusta consists of series of 7 – 18 echemes (trill segments), each series (trill) lasting about 10 – 15 s. The echemes had durations of 0.7 – 1.3 s with SRRs between 30 and 40 Hz (Fig. 10; Tab. 7). In the echeme structure the song is similar to that of Eumecopoda c. cyrtoscelis (Helfert & Sänger 2007; see below), but not to any known in Mecopoda. M. angusta was known from two localities in peninsular Malaysia and from one locality in Sumatra, but is obviously more widespread.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA27768FF4FF96AFC7C95F3.taxon	description	Paramecopoda Gorochov 2020, syn. nov. The genus Eumecopoda was introduced by Hebard (1922) with E. cyrtoscelis Karsch, 1888 as type species. Hebard listed several supposed genus-specific characters. However, not all of them are diagnostic. Interestingly, the shape of the fastigium is described as looking as in M. dilatata and M. divergens, but Hebard did not mention these species. Also with regard to the distinct gap between fastigium frontis and fastigium verticis E. cyrtoscelis is similar to these species (Fig. 16). In Eumecopoda according to Hebard (1922) „ the tips of the tegmina are somewhat falcate “. This characteristic, however, is also seen in M. platyphoea (Fig. 19). Hebard mentions also the structure of the tympana in the fore tibiae, open in Mecopoda and partially closed in Eumecopoda. However, according to Griffini (1908), E. cyrtoscelis „ has considerable variability in the structure of the tympani of the front tibiae, now almost concave, now rhymed, often differently made to the front side and the back side, being able to be in the open side and in this somewhat closed or even vice versa “ (Griffini 1908, translated). A similar or even larger variation is seen in M. dilatata, where specimens with open tympana and with the condition as in E. cyrtoscelis have been found (Fritze 1900, Griffini 1908). Gorochov (2020) used this character to differentiate his new (sub) genus Paramecopoda. All Eumecopoda species (no information available for E. walkeri) seem to have femora supplied dorsally with blunt tubercles, a characteristic not found outside the genus and also not found in Paramecopoda granulosa (no information available for M. platyphoea). We will use the character from Hebard’s (1922) description „ the tips of the tegmina are somewhat falcate “ as differential character of Eumecopoda (see Fig. 19 und figs. 20 – 21 in Gorochov 2020) to unite a group of species similar to, but different from Mecopoda. Based on this definition, the genus Eumecopoda includes the Philippine species E. reducta Hebard, 1922, E. walkeri Kirby, 1891 and E. granulosa (Gorochov, 2020) stat. nov., the four species E. cyrtoscelis Karsch, 1888, E. moluccarum Griffini, 1908, E. superba Bolívar, 1898 and E. spinosa (Gorochov, 2020) stat. nov. occurring around New Guinea (Fig. 21; Tab. 6), and E. platyphoea Walker, 1871 stat. nov. from Sri Lanka. Future studies have to show if this biogeographic pattern is reflected in phylogeny. Mecopoda kerinci with its single known male specimen may remain in Mecopoda for the moment.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA37754FF4FFC66FE4697DF.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype, male; CH 8767, INDONESIA, NW Papua, Radja Ampat, isl. Waigeo [0 ° 12 ’ S, 130 ° 50 ’ E], XII. 2017. leg. M. Berezin (from laboratory culture), MfN. Paratypes. Female, CH 8768, same data as holotype. Female, Collectio Helb, INDONESIA, West Papua, Wasai Prov., Waigeo Island, 7.2018, leg. V. Voitsekhovskii Other material. 3 males, 3 females, Moscow State University; 1 male, 1 female, ZIN (data as holotype). Material used for comparison. Eumecopoda cyrtoscelis, male, NEW GUINEA, Sideia Island, Sideia Mission, 2. Dec. 1968, leg. G. Hangay. ANIC (Rentz et al. 2006, Su, per email) The specimens at hand are morphologically quite similar to that described in detail by Helfert & Sänger (2007) as Eumecopoda cyrtoscelis cyrtoscelis. However, they differ in song from the two populations studied there. Therefore we consider our specimens as belonging to a distinct island subspecies. The stridulatory files do not seem to differ. The closely related species E. superba Bolivar, 1898 occurs also in NW Papua. The type locality „ Hassam “, given by Bolivar (1898) and not traceable in any gazetter, is obviously an error, since on the label of a (syn-?) type (see Paris 1994) in NMPC the word „ Hattam ” is given (Machackova & Fikacek 2014). Hatam or Hattam is the name of a language / tribe in NW Papua living on the mainland of New Guinea (https: // en. wikipedia. org / wiki / Hatam _ language) near (to the island of) Mansinam where the species was listed by Griffini (1908). The specimens of E. superba are clearly larger than ours and that from Helfert & Sänger (2007) (see Tab. 6). The distribution of E. cyrtoscelis, E. s uperba, E. spinosa Gorochov, 2020 and E. moluccarum (Griffini, 1908) around Northwestern New Guinea is given in Fig. 21.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA37754FF4FFC66FE4697DF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In the calling song of the species, trills with durations from several seconds to more than a minute were observed, clearly different from the much shorter segments of a „ broken trill “ (called „ continuous (short) caller “ by Römer in Helfert & Sänger 2007) observed in Eumecopoda c. cyrtoscelis by Helfert & Sänger (2007; fig. 32). In morphology, possibly some body relations like tegmen to femur in the female differ between subspecies (or populations) but there are too few data for safe conclusions.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA37754FF4FFC66FE4697DF.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. Named in honour of Prof. Dr. R. D. Zhantiev, Moscow State University, the pioneer of bioacoustics of insects (author of a book with same title in 1981 and of many papers before and after this date) in the USSR and Russia.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FFA37754FF4FFC66FE4697DF.taxon	description	Measurements: see Tab. 6. Song. The calling song of the species consists of trills with durations from several seconds to more than a minute (Fig. 10; Tab. 7). It should be noted that the stridulatory file of a male from Sideia Island (extreme SE New Guinea), identified as E. cyrtoscelis (Rentz et al. 2006), differs distinctly from our specimen and from that of Helfert & Sänger (2007; see Fig. 12). Coloration. Dark brown.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FF987750FF4FFB6AFD309717.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype, male, East Timor: Maubisse, elev. 1431 m [8 ° 50 ’ S, 125 ° 36 ’ E], 1 – 10 vi 1965, coll. R. N. Ferreira. ANIC. Other specimens studied: see below.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FF987750FF4FFB6AFD309717.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species differs from all other species of the genus so far known by the narrow tegmen combined with the very low number of teeth on the male stridulatory file on underside of the left tegmen (Fig. 23). Member of the M. elongata group.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FF987750FF4FFB6AFD309717.taxon	description	Description. General habitus of the genus. Medium sized species with narrow tegmina; tegmen moderately curved in midlength, its greatest width 11 mm. Subcosta attached to radius except at very base, it separates before the curvature that brings both veins close to the anterior margin of tegmen. Male: Stridulatory file with 44 (Timor) respectively 50 (Java) teeth. Cerci stout at base, markedly curved mediad and narrow in about apical third, in apical area on internal side with two minute spines. Subgenital plate moderately wide, narrowed from base towards midlength; divided into two lobes, apical incision about 0.28 times the length of the subgenital plate; styli narrow, moderately long, about 10: 22 the length of the apical incision of the subgenital plate. Measurements (1 male). Body w / wings: 73; body w / o wings: 33; pronotum: 8.8; tegmen: 61; hind femur: 56; tegmen width: 11 mm. Other specimen studied: Indonesia: Central Java, Gunung Lawu, Tawangmangu, elev. 1000 – 1200 m (7 ° 39 ’ S, 111 ° 7 ’ E), 28 iii 1993, coll. S. Ingrisch, 3261458 (CI). Male cerci not very stout at base but little stronger than in the other species from Java, narrow apical area moderately curved, at internal side just before and at the end with two minute acute black teeth, the apical tooth hardly larger than the preapical tooth. Measurements (1 male). Body w / wings: 65; body w / o wings: 35; pronotum: 7.5; tegmen: 55; hind femur: 43; tegmen width: 11.5 mm. Song. Unknown.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
038387A4FF987750FF4FFB6AFD309717.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis. Named according to its stridulatory file which carries only relatively few (Latin pauci) teeth (Latin dens = tooth). Noun in apposition.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Baker, Ed, Ingrisch, Sigfrid, Korsunovskaya, Olga, Liu, Chun-Xiang, Riede, Klaus, Warchałowska-Šliwa, Elżbieta (2021): Bioacoustics and systematics of Mecopoda (and related forms) from South East Asia and adjacent areas (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Mecopodinae) including some chromosome data. Zootaxa 5005 (2): 101-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.2.1
