taxonID	type	description	language	source
3747879FFFDBFFB9E77FFA21FBBC9494.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDBFFB9E77FFA21FBBC9494.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined EAST PACIFIC OCEAN • 6 specs (5 fixed in formalin, 1 fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); Southern East Pacific Rise, German Flats Vent Field, active hydrothermal vents; 37.793 ° S, 110.916 ° W; depth 2216 m; 22 Mar. 2005; Greg Rouse, Nerida Wilson and Robert Vrijenhoek leg.; collecting event: HOV Alvin dive 4088; GenBank: OP 311735 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14105 • 2 specs (1 fixed in formalin, 1 fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: OP 311736 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14106 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); Southern East Pacific Rise, active hydrothermal vents; 31.151 ° S, 111.932 ° W; depth 2237 m; 29 Mar. 2005; Greg Rouse, Nerida Wilson and Robert Vrijenhoek leg.; collecting event: HOV Alvin dive 4094; GenBank: OP 311737 (COI), OP 304892 (16 S), OP 311647 (H 3); SIO-BIC A 14107.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDBFFB9E77FFA21FBBC9494.taxon	description	Description Body about 7.5 mm in length and ~ 30 segments (Fig. 3 A). Prostomium rounded, wider than long, slightly rise medio-posteriorly, with paired digitiform antennae inserted dorsally, paired digitiform palps similar in length with antennae, inserted ventral-laterally (Fig. 3 A). Peristomium with two rings, subequal in length to the following segments, with ciliary band on each ring (Fig. 3 A). Mandibles heavily sclerotized, with rod-like shafts, curved shape cutting plates, with single blunt peak, lateral wings weakly sclerotized (Fig. 3 B). Maxillae P-type, forceps comb-like, with large main fang. Two rows of 7 free denticles, posterior most denticles (D 1) comb-like, with smaller main fang. The other six denticles (D 2 – D 7) small, shovel-shaped, with fine teeth (Fig. 3 C). Parapodia uniramous, with long dorsal cirri and short stubby ventral cirri, acicular lobes sub-triangular distally (Fig. 3 D). Supra-acicular chaetae simple, distally serrated, tapering into a main fang (Fig. 3 D – E). Sub-acicular chaetae compound, with serrated blades (Fig. 3 F – G). Sub-acicular chaetal lobe holds one simple chaeta (Fig. 3 D, G). Pygidium with two short nub-like papillae laterally (Fig. 3 A).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDBFFB9E77FFA21FBBC9494.taxon	discussion	Remarks The specimens were collected from two sites of hydrothermal vents on the southern East Pacific Rise, also known as the Pacific Antarctic Ridge. Though collected well south of the type locality, they agree with Ophryotrocha akessoni described from Galapagos Rift vents in most characters, though there are differences in jaw structure. Blake (1985) described a replacement of mandibles in O. akessoni from serrated cutting plates in juveniles to curved cutting plates in adults. In our specimens (Fig. 3 B), mandibles with curved cutting plates resemble the adult mandibles in O. akessoni. Paxton (2004) and Macnaughton et al. (2010) inferred that mandibles of a range of species of Ophryotrocha show basically adult size and shape of cutting plates since the larval stage, they only lengthen and enlarge their proximal shafts with maturity. It is possible that the juvenile mandibles in Blake’s (1985) original description of O. akessoni may belong to another Ophryotrocha. Furthermore, O. akessoni was described with a P-type tending to K-type maxillae, with lateral teeth on the forceps (Blake 1985). However, the forceps of K-type maxillae are unidentate or bidentate with the lateral dentition completely reduced (Paxton 2004; Macnaughton et al. 2010). Thus, according to the original description, it may be that O. akessoni has P-type maxillae as seen in our specimens (Fig. 3 C). Blake (1985) described the presence of two anal cirri but provided no further details or drawings. Our specimens had two short papillae which could correspond to those of Blake’s specimens, but examination of the types is needed. Based on the variation in morphological characters (Table 3) and the lack of any DNA sequences for O. akessoni from the type locality, we consider it prudent to report our specimens as O. cf. akessoni.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFD9FFBFE703F985FBA49488.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 2 AC 55385 - EA 0 C- 41 E 5 - 8 EAF- 4 D 6 F 32818 D 94 Fig. 4	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFD9FFBFE703F985FBA49488.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named in honor of Charlotte Seid, collection manager of the Benthic Invertebrate Collection at Scripps Oceanography, for her dedication to facilitating biodiversity research.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFD9FFBFE703F985FBA49488.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype EAST PACIFIC OCEAN • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); Southern East Pacific Rise, northwest of Easter Island, active hydrothermal vents; 23.823 ° S, 115.456 ° W; depth 2649 m; 2 Apr. 2005; Greg Rouse, Nerida Wilson and Robert Vrijenhoek leg.; collecting event: HOV Alvin dive 4097; GenBank: OP 311739 (COI), OP 304893 (16 S), OP 311648 (H 3); SIO-BIC A 14096. Paratypes EAST PACIFIC OCEAN • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and midsection tissue used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OP 311741 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14163 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and midsection tissue used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OP 311740 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14164. Other material EAST PACIFIC OCEAN • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and entirely used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OP 311738 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14097 • 7 or more specs (7 fixed in glutaraldehyde, additional material fixed in formalin and entirely used for slides of parapodia, additional tissue fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14098 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and midsection tissue used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14187 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14188.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFD9FFBFE703F985FBA49488.taxon	description	Description In life light brown (Fig. 4 A), opaque white after preservation. Body ~ 3 mm long, with more than 35 segments of similar width, slightly tapering posteriorly (Fig. 4 A). Prostomium rounded, wider than long, with paired digitiform antennae inserted dorsally, paired digitiform palps inserted ventral-laterally, similar in length with antennae. Peristomium two equal rings, each similar in size to the following segments (Fig. 4 A). Eyes not visible. Maxillae P-type, forceps comb-like, with large main fang, fused together basally. Four rows of seven free denticles, the posterior-most free denticles (D 1) comb-like, like the forceps, other free denticles (D 2 – D 7) shovel-shaped with fine teeth (Fig. 4 B). Mandibles heavily sclerotized, shafts rod-like, cutting plates sub-triangular, lateral wings weakly sclerotized (Fig. 4 C). Parapodia uniramous, acicular lobe with rounded distal margin, dorsal cirri enlarged fusiform, similar in size with acicular lobe, reaching distal margin of acicular lobe, ventral cirri short and stubby (Fig. 4 D). Supra-acicular chaetae simple, distally serrated, tapering into a main fang (Fig. 4 D – E). Sub-acicular chaetae compound, hooked with serrated blades (Fig. 4 D, F). Sub-acicular chaetal lobe also with one or two simple chaetae (Fig. 4 D, G). Pygidium with two digitiform cirri inserted laterally, a small median papilla posteriorly placed (Fig. 4 A).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFD9FFBFE703F985FBA49488.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from vents at 2649 m depth near Easter Island (Rapa Nui) at the southern end of the East Pacific Rise (Pacific Antarctic Ridge).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFD9FFBFE703F985FBA49488.taxon	discussion	Remarks Ophryotrocha charlottae sp. nov. resembles O. cf. akessoni, which also occurs on the Southeast Pacific Ridge. They are similar in the shape of the prostomium, peristomium, antennae, palps, jaws, and chaetae. Ophryotrocha charlottae has distinctive parapodia with enlarged fusiform dorsal cirri, which easily distinguishes it from O. akessoni / O. cf. akessoni, O. jiaolongi and O. marinae sp. nov. Also, O. charlottae has two long digitiform anal cirri and a media papilla while O. cf. akessoni only has two short nub-like anal cirri (Fig. 3 A). Ophryotrocha kailae sp. nov. is another species from southern end of the East Pacific Rise (Pacific Antarctic Ridge). It differs from O. charlottae in the form of antennae, palps, mandibles, dorsal cirri and pygidium (Fig. 5). Ophryotrocha charlottae can also be easily distinguished from other species of the “ akessoni ” clade, based on mandibles and parapodia (Table 3). The four rows of maxillae found in O. charlottae differ from that in close relatives such as O. akessoni, O. cf. akessoni (Fig. 3 C) and O. jiaolongi that show only two rows (Blake 1985; Zhang et al. 2017), but four rows were also observed in O. marinae and O. pruittae sp. nov. (see below). It is possible that the outermost pair of rows represent molted jaws as has been observed in other Ophryotrocha by Paxton (2004), so this should not be interpreted as diagnostic without further study.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDFFFBDE73BF998FC20920C.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: FC 8 AD 84 C- 5 C 47 - 49 D 2 - BEC 4 - 55 FC 04 F 3 DFBC Fig. 5	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDFFFBDE73BF998FC20920C.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named for Kaila Pearson, an expert on another group of vent and seep-associated polychaetes, phyllodocids belonging to Galapagomystides Blake, 1985.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDFFFBDE73BF998FC20920C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype EAST PACIFIC OCEAN • 1 spec. (anterior fixed in formalin, posterior fixed in ethanol and used for DNA extraction); Southern East Pacific Rise, active hydrothermal vents; 31.151 ° S, 111.932 ° W; depth 2237 m; 29 Mar. 2005; Greg Rouse, Nerida Wilson and Robert Vrijenhoek leg.; collecting event: HOV Alvin dive 4094; GenBank: OP 311745 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14100. Paratypes EAST PACIFIC OCEAN • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); Southern East Pacific Rise, Saguaro Vent Field, active hydrothermal vents; 31.865 ° S, 112.044 ° W; depth 2235 m; 28 Mar. 2005; Greg Rouse, Nerida Wilson and Robert Vrijenhoek leg.; collecting event: HOV Alvin dive 4093; GenBank: OP 311748 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14099 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); Southern East Pacific Rise, German Flats Vent Field, active hydrothermal vents; 37.793 ° S, 110.916 ° W; depth 2216 m; 22 Mar. 2005; Greg Rouse, Nerida Wilson, Robert Vrijenhoek leg.; collecting event: HOV Alvin dive 4088; GenBank: OP 311746 (COI), OP 304894 (16 S), OP 311650 (H 3); SIO-BIC A 14101 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OP 311747 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14102 • 1 spec. (fixed in formalin); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14103 • 1 spec. (anterior fixed in formalin, posterior fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14104.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDFFFBDE73BF998FC20920C.taxon	description	Description In life, translucent with light yellow gut and white eggs mid-body, body opaque white after preservation. Body length ~ 4.5 mm with more than 30 segments, similar width through the body, slightly tapering posteriorly (Fig. 5 A). Eyes not visible. Prostomium rounded, wider than long, with paired short digitiform antennae inserted dorsally, paired digitiform palps inserted ventral-laterally, similar in length with antennae. Peristomium two rings, similar in length to following segments (Fig. 5 A). Mandibles heavily sclerotized, shafts rod-like, cutting plates curved, with single blunt peak, lateral wings weakly sclerotized (Fig. 5 B). Maxillae P-type, forceps comb-like, with large main large fang. Two rows of 7 free denticles, posterior most free denticles (D 1) comb-like, D 2 – D 7 shovel-shaped (Fig. 5 C). Parapodia uniramous, acicular lobe with rounded distal margin, dorsal cirri subtriangular, barely extending beyond distal margin of acicular lobe, ventral cirri stubby (Fig. 5 C). Supra-acicular chaetae simple, distally serrated, tapering into a fang (Fig. 5 D – E). Sub-acicular chaetae compound, with serrated blades (Fig. 5 D, F). Sub-acicular chaetal lobe with one simple chaeta (Fig. 5 D, G). Pygidium with two anal cirri inserted laterally (Fig. 5 A inset).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDFFFBDE73BF998FC20920C.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from vents at 2216 – 2237 m along the southern East Pacific Rise (Pacific Antarctic Ridge).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDFFFBDE73BF998FC20920C.taxon	discussion	Remarks While the DNA data suggests Ophryotrocha kailae sp. nov. is most closely related to O. pruittae sp. nov. (Fig. 1), morphologically it resembles Ophryotrocha akessoni in having similar mandibles with curving cutting plates, which are otherwise not seen in the vent clade that also includes O. charlottae sp. nov., O. jiaolongi, O. marinae sp. nov. and O. pruittae. Ophryotrocha kailae differs from O. akessoni in the form of its head appendages and possibly pygidial cirri (Table 3).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDDFFA1E70DFC1DFDA39442.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 5 B 66661 D-DDF 9 - 425 D- 860 F- 412872058 C 27 Figs 6 – 7	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDDFFA1E70DFC1DFDA39442.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named in honor of Marina McCowin for her dedication in the study of the fauna associated with seeps and vents. Marina has studied Siboglinidae and Ophryotrocha marinae sp. nov. was notable for being associated in large numbers with the tubes of Oasisia alvinae Jones, 1985 (Fig. 6 A).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDDFFA1E70DFC1DFDA39442.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MEXICO • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); Gulf of California, Pescadero Basin, active hydrothermal vents; 23.960 ° N, 108.863 ° W; depth 3676 – 3756 m; 18 Apr. 2015; Greg Rouse leg.; collecting event: ROV Doc Ricketts dive 750 (specimens associated with tubes of Oasisia alvinae); GenBank: OP 311750 (COI);, ICML-EMU- 13289, (ex SIO-BIC A 14109). Paratypes MEXICO • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OP 311749 (COI), KY 701727 (16 S), OP 311651 (H 3); SIO-BIC A 6308 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OP 311755 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14108 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OP 311751 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14110 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14111 • ca 35 specs (10 fixed in formalin, ca 25 fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14112. • 11 specs (5 fixed in paraformaldehyde / glutaraldehyde, 6 fixed in ethanol); Gulf of California, Pescadero Basin, Auka Vent Field, region of P Vent and Z Vent; 23.96 ° N, 108.86 ° W; depth 3648 – 3671 m; 3 Nov. 2021; Greg Rouse leg.; collecting event: ROV SuBastian dive 475; GenBank: OP 561817 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14031. Other material MEXICO • 7 specs (3 fixed in formalin, 4 fixed in ethanol); Gulf of California, Pescadero Basin, Auka Vent Field, Matterhorn area, active hydrothermal vents; 23.95 ° N, 108.86 ° W; depth 3650 m; 14 Nov. 2018; Greg Rouse and Ekin Tilic leg.; collecting event: ROV SuBastian dive 193, sample S 0193 - S 4 (suction sampler chamber 4, specimens associated with tubes of Oasisia alvinae); SIO-BIC A 9974 • 7 specs (2 fixed in formalin, 5 fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for preceding; SIO-BIC A 9975 • 4 specs (fixed in ethanol); same locality as for preceding; 23.95369 ° N, 108.86231 ° W; depth 3668 m; 29 Oct. 2021; Greg Rouse leg.; collecting event: ROV SuBastia n dive 470, sample S 0470 - S 3 (suction sampler chamber 3, among tube worms); SIO-BIC A 13987 • 2 specs (1 anterior fragment fixed in ethanol, 1 anterior fixed in formalin and posterior fixed in ethanol and used for DNA extraction); Gulf of California, Pescadero Basin, Auka Vent Field, Z Mound area, active hydrothermal vents; 23.95616 ° N, 108.86191 ° W; depth 3688 m; 17 Nov. 2018; Greg Rouse and Ekin Tilic leg.; collecting event: ROV SuBastian dive 196, sample S 0196 - PC 1 (push core 1 at microbial mat with venting); GenBank: OP 311752 (COI); SIO-BIC A 9987 • at least 15 specs (3 fixed in formalin, 12 fixed in RNAlater, additional material fixed in ethanol); same locality as for preceding; 23.9561 ° N, 108.8619 ° W; depth 3688 m; 21 Nov. 2018; Greg Rouse and Ekin Tilic leg.; collecting event: ROV SuBastian dive 200, samples S 0200 - S 1 and S 0200 - S 2 (suction sampler chambers 1 and 2, microbial mat with venting); SIO-BIC A 10029 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: OP 311753 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14114 • 4 specs (3 fixed in ethanol, 1 anterior fixed in formalin and posterior fixed in ethanol); Gulf of California, Pescadero Basin, Auka Vent Field, oily mat site southeast of Z Vent; 23.95 ° N, 108.86 ° W; depth 3650 – 3662 m; 5 Nov. 2021; Greg Rouse leg.; collecting event: ROV SuBastian dive 477; SIO-BIC A 14045 • 7 specs (6 fixed in paraformaldehyde, 1 fixed in ethanol); Gulf of California, Pescadero Basin, midway between Auka and JaichMaa ‘ ja’ag Vent Fields; 23.95369 ° N, 108.86231 ° W; depth 3663 – 3687 m; 1 Nov. 2021; Greg Rouse leg.; collecting event: ROV SuBastian dive 473; SIO-BIC A 14007 • 11 specs (2 fixed in formalin, 9 fixed in ethanol); Gulf of California, Pescadero Basin, JaichMaa ‘ ja’ag Vent Field, Cavern Tay Ujaa (Big Cave), active hydrothermal vents; 23.94157 ° N, 108.85570 ° W; depth 3675 m; 18 Nov. 2018; Greg Rouse and Ekin Tilic leg.; collecting event: ROV SuBastian dive 197, sample S 0197 - S 6 (suction sampler chamber 6, specimens associated with small tubes of Oasisia alvinae); SIO-BIC A 10002 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: OP 311754 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14113 • ca 50 specs (fixed in ethanol); Gulf of California, Guaymas Basin, sedimented hydrothermal vents; 27.016 ° N, 111.410 ° W; depth 2012 m; 13 Nov. 2009; Anna-Louise Reysenbach leg.; collecting event: HOV Alvin dive 4558; SIO-BIC A 14115 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: OP 311756 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14116 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: OP 311757 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14117 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for preceding; SIO-BIC A 14118 • ca 15 specs (fixed in ethanol); Gulf of California, Guaymas Basin, sedimented hydrothermal vents; 27.015 ° N, 111.410 ° W; depth 2010 m; 15 Nov. 2009; Anna-Louise Reysenbach leg.; collecting event: HOV Alvin dive 4560; SIO-BIC A 14119 • 1 speci. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: OP 311758 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14120 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: OP 311759 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14121 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for preceding; GenBank: OP 311760 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14122.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDDFFA1E70DFC1DFDA39442.taxon	description	Description In life, golden color with white eggs mid-body (Fig. 7 A – B), opaque white after preservation. Body length 10.5 mm, with 50 + segments, slightly dorso-ventrally compressed, widest anteriorly, gradually tapering posteriorly (Fig. 7 A – B). Prostomium rounded, wider than long, posterior medial area slightly raised, with paired digitiform antennae, tapering distally, inserted dorsally, paired digitiform palps similar in length with antennae, inserted ventral-laterally (Fig. 7 A). Peristomium with two rings, subequal in length to the following segments (Fig. 7 A). Eyes not visible. Mandibles heavily sclerotized, with rod-like shafts, sub-triangular shape cutting plates, with single blunt peak anteriorly, lateral wings weakly sclerotized (Fig. 7 C). Maxillae P-type, forceps comb-like, with large main fang. Four rows of free denticles, the posterior-most free denticles (D 1) comb-like, like the forceps, other free denticles shovel-shaped with fine teeth, D 2 – D 4 smaller than D 5 – D 7 (Fig. 7 D). Parapodia uniramous, acicular lobe with rounded distal margin, dorsal cirri long digitiform, extending beyond distal margin of acicular lobe, ventral cirri short and stubby (Fig. 7 E). Supra-acicular chaetae simple, distally serrated, tapering into a main fang (Fig. 7 F). Sub-acicular chaetae compound, with serrated blades (Fig. 7 G). Sub-acicular chaetal lobe usually with one simple chaeta (Fig. 7 H). Pygidium with two digitiform cirri inserted laterally (Fig. 7 A).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDDFFA1E70DFC1DFDA39442.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from Gulf of California hydrothermal vents of the Pescadero Basin at over 3500 m and the Guaymas Basin sedimented vents at ~ 2000 m. Found in huge numbers on tubes of Oasisia (Fig. 6 A), or on microbial mats near active flow (Fig. 6 B).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFDDFFA1E70DFC1DFDA39442.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was initially reported in Goffredi et al. (2017) as Ophryotrocha cf. akessoni sp. 1 with a partial DNA sequence for mitochondrial 16 S rRNA lodged on GenBank (KY 701727). Ophryotrocha marinae sp. nov. most closely resembles Ophryotrocha jiaolongi described from hydrothermal vents of the Indian Ocean, including sharing distinctive mandibles that distinguish these two taxa from all other Ophryotrocha. Morphologically, O. marinae differs from O. jiaolongi based on body color, the form of antennae and palps, and in lacking a median pygidial papilla (Table 3). In life, O. marinae is golden while O. jiaolongi is white and translucent. Ophryotrocha marinae also has antennae and palps that are distally tapering and longer than the length of prostomium, while in O. jiaolongi antennae and palps are shorter than the length of prostomium. The minimum COI uncorrected distance obtained between O. marinae and O. jiaolongi specimens was relatively small at 3.73 % (Table 2). Other relatively small distances that are currently known are up to 4.8 % between O. notoglandulata Pfannenstiel, 1972 and O. japonicus Paxton and Åkesson, 2010 (both Japanese taxa) and 6.1 % between O. flabella and O. globopalpata (both from deep waters of the eastern Pacific). Given the morphological differences between O. marinae and O. jiaolongi, the reciprocal monophyly based on numerous COI sequences and vast geographic separation, we regard them here as separate species. One notable difference between O. jiaolongi and O. marinae was that the latter species showed four rows of maxillae compared to the two rows in O. jiaolongi found by Zhang et al. (2017). As discussed above for O. charlottae sp. nov. it is possible that the outermost pair of rows represent molted jaws as has been observed in other Ophryotrocha by Paxton (2004).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC1FFA7E731FAD7FC479517.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: BE 33115 E- 1 B 4 C- 405 A-A 425 - AF 518 EE 5 E 093 Fig. 8	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC1FFA7E731FAD7FC479517.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named for Jessica Pruitt, an aficionada and expert on deep-sea Ophryotrocha.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC1FFA7E731FAD7FC479517.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MEXICO • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); Gulf of California, Alarcón Rise, active hydrothermal vents; 23.377 ° N, 108.531 ° W; depth 2309 m; 22 Apr. 2015; Greg Rouse leg.; collecting event: ROV Doc Ricketts dive 754; GenBank: OP 311761 (COI); ICML-EMU- 13288, (ex SIO-BIC A 13689). Paratypes MEXICO • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and the posterior end used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: KY 701728 (16 S), OP 311652 (H 3); SIO-BIC A 6322 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14123 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14124 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and most tissue used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14125 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14126 • at least 4 specs (1 fixed in formalin, 3 individuals and additional fragments fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14127 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14128 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14129 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14130 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14131 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14132.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC1FFA7E731FAD7FC479517.taxon	description	Description In life, golden color (Fig. 8 A), opaque white after preservation. Body 10.5 mm long, 50 + segments of similar width through the body. Eyes not visible. Prostomium rounded, wider than long, with paired digitiform antennae inserted dorsally, paired digitiform palps inserted ventral-laterally, similar in length with antennae. Peristomium two equal rings, similar size to the following segments (Fig. 8 A). Maxillae P-type, forceps comb-like, with large main large fang, fused together basally. Four rows of seven free denticles, the posterior most free denticles (D 1) comb-like, similar to the forceps, other free denticles shovel-shaped with fine teeth, D 2 – D 4 smaller than D 5 – D 7 (Fig. 8 B). Mandibles heavily sclerotized, shafts rod-like, cutting plates L-shape, anterior edge flat with pointed lateral peaks weakly sclerotized, lateral wings weakly sclerotized (Fig. 8 C). Parapodia uniramous, acicular lobe triangular with a blunt point distally, dorsal cirri cirriform, long, extend beyond distal margin of acicular lobe, ventral cirri short and stubby (Fig. 8 D). Supra-acicular chaetae simple distally serrated, tapering into a large main fang, 2 – 5 per fascicle (Fig. 8 D – E). Five to eight compound sub-acicular chaetae, with serrated blades (Fig. 8 D, F). Sub-acicular chaetal lobe holds one or two simple chaetae (Fig. 8 D, G). Pygidium with two short conical cirri inserted laterally (Fig. 8 A).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC1FFA7E731FAD7FC479517.taxon	distribution	Distribution Only known from the Alarcón Rise vents in the southern Gulf of California at 2309 m depth.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC1FFA7E731FAD7FC479517.taxon	discussion	Remarks Ophryotrocha pruittae sp. nov. was initially reported in Goffredi et al. (2017) as Ophryotrocha cf. akessoni sp. 2 with a partial DNA sequence for mitochondrial 16 S rRNA lodged on GenBank (KY 701727). Ophryotrocha pruittae has a rounded prostomium, two equal segments of peristomium, digitiform antennae and palps and P-type maxillae, which are all features found in the vent-clade of Clade B. It differs from these species by having the mandibles with the L-shape cutting plates and two conical anal cirri, while O. marinae sp. nov. has triangular cutting plates and two digitiform anal cirri, O. akessoni / O. cf. akessoni has curved cutting plates, O. charlottae sp. nov. has subtriangular cutting plates and two lateral cirri and one median anal cirrus, O. kailae sp. nov. has curved cutting plates and two digitiform anal cirri (Table 3). Ophryotrocha pruittae showed four rows of maxillae. As discussed above for O. charlottae and O. marinae it is possible that the outermost pair of rows represent molted jaws as has been observed in other Ophryotrocha by Paxton (2004).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC7FFA5E71EFB08FCCC929F.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 181 A 86 F 6 - 7 F 8 D- 401 C-B 252 - 21 FF 39 F 6 C 5 C 0 Fig. 9	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC7FFA5E71EFB08FCCC929F.taxon	etymology	Etymology Ophryotrocha bohnorum sp. nov. is named for Jeffrey and Brenda Bohn and their family in recognition of their enduring support of deep-sea research.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC7FFA5E71EFB08FCCC929F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TONGA • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and a midbody piece used for DNA extraction); Lau Back-Arc Basin, Southern Valu Fa Ridge, Hine Hina Vent Field, active hydrothermal vents; 22.539 ° S, 176.718 ° W; depth 1845 – 1906 m; 22 – 23 May 2005; Greg Rouse, Fredrik Pleijel and Robert Vrijenhoek leg.; collecting event: ROV Jason II dive 146; GenBank: OP 311742 (COI), OP 304895 (16 S), OP 311649 (H 3); SIO-BIC A 14092. Paratypes TONGA • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14094 • 4 specs (fixed in formalin); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14095 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and a midbody piece used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OP 311744 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14165 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol and a midbody piece used for DNA extraction); same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OP 311743 (COI); SIO-BIC A 14166 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same locality as for holotype; 22.532 ° S, 176.719 ° W; depth 1818 – 1907 m; 21 – 22 May 2005; Greg Rouse, Fredrik Pleijel and Robert Vrijenhoek leg.; collecting event: ROV Jason II dive 145; SIO-BIC A 14088 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for preceding; SIO-BIC A 14089 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for preceding; SIO-BIC A 14090 • 3 specs (fixed in formalin); same collection data as for preceding; SIO-BIC A 14091 • 1 spec. (fixed in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; SIO-BIC A 14093.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC7FFA5E71EFB08FCCC929F.taxon	description	Description In life, white, yellow gut, with white eggs mid-body (Fig. 9 A), opaque white after preservation. Body 12 mm long with 60 + segments, tapering slightly along body. Prostomium rounded, wider than long, with a slightly rise posteriorly in the middle. Paired antennae long cirriform, inserted dorsally, tapering distally. Paired palps cirriform, slightly shorter than antennae, inserted dorsal-laterally (Fig. 9 A). Peristomium two equal rings, similar in length to first chaetiger, slightly longer than following chaetigers, with two brown spots located dorsal-laterally between the two rings (Fig. 9 A – B). Maxillae P-type, maxillary carriers comb-like, with large main fang, 8 pairs of free denticles. Posterior 4 denticles (D 1 – D 4) heavily sclerotized, with large main fang and sharp teeth; anterior 4 denticles (D 5 – D 8) translucent, with a small main fang and tiny teeth, D 5 – D 6 overlap with D 3 – D 4 (Fig. 9 C). Mandibles transparent, rod-like shafts, cutting plates triangular, with blunt teeth on the anterior edge (Fig. 9 D). Parapodia uniramous, acicular lobe rounded with a small tip in the middle of the distal margin, dorsal cirri short, rounded lobes, ventral cirri long extending from distal margin of acicular lobe (Fig. 9 E). Supra-acicular chaetae simple, distally serrated, with a small hook on the tip (Fig. 9 F). Sub-acicular chaetae all compound, shafts bifid on the top, serrated blades with a small hook similar as supra-acicular chaetae on the tip (Fig. 9 G). Pygidium with two long digitiform cirri (Fig. 9 A).	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC7FFA5E71EFB08FCCC929F.taxon	distribution	Distribution Only known from vents at the Lau Back-Arc Basin, southwest Pacific Ocean at depths of 1845 – 1907 m.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
3747879FFFC7FFA5E71EFB08FCCC929F.taxon	discussion	Remarks The phylogenetic results (Fig. 1) show that Ophryotrocha bohnorum sp. nov. is most closely related to an undescribed species complex of Ophryotrocha (O. Seep 4) from eastern Pacific methane seeps (Thornhill et al. 2012). There is no morphological information available for these specimens. A clade comprising other eastern Pacific species, Ophryotrocha globopalpata from hydrothermal vents, O. flabella from a whale fall and O. Seep 3 (Thornhill et al. 2012), is then the well supported sister group to this clade. Based on this topology Ophryotrocha bohnorum appears to have independently colonized hydrothermal vents from O. globopalpata (Fig. 1). Ophryotrocha bohnorum has hooked tips of the supra- and sub-acicular chaetae and red-brown spots located dorsal-laterally between two peristomial segments, features not seen in other species from hydrothermal vents. Only four species of Ophryotrocha, O. atlantica Hilbig & Blake, 1991, O. mediterranea Martin Abello & Cartes, 1991, O. pachysoma Hilbig & Blake, 1991, and O. socialis Ockelmann & Åkesson, 1990, have been described with chaetae with hooked tips. Ophryotrocha bohnorum can be easily distinguished from these species by its transparent mandibles with serrated anterior edge.	en	Zhang, Dongsheng, Zhou, Yadong, Yen, Nicole, Hiley, Avery S., Rouse, Greg W. (2023): Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae, Polychaeta, Annelida) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with the description of five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 864: 167-194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2101
