identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
294D4935FFA55F35FF3B876CFDF3F921.text	294D4935FFA55F35FF3B876CFDF3F921.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicrostigma warmwaterbergense Klak 2001	<div><p>1. Smicrostigma warmwaterbergense Klak sp. nov. (Fig. 3)</p> <p>This new species resembles Smicrostigma viride in its habit and the shape of its leaves but differs in that its flowers open and close repeatedly over several days and expose the reproductive parts</p> <p>fully when open (remaining open with reproductive parts hidden in S. viride). It differs further in having. 9–13 locules in its capsules (7–10 locules in S. viride).</p> <p>Type: SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape, Montagu (3320): Summit of southern side of Warmwaterberg, towards boundary of ‘Cocktail’, Sanbona (-- DC), ± 1000 m, 9 Dec. 2021, Bruyns 14033 (holotype BOL!, isotype NBG).</p> <p>Erect perennial, densely branched shrubs 15–20 × 15–20 cm, branching from the base, branches slightly succulent, becoming woody with age, 3–5 mm diam., smooth, young internodes pale brown, 10–13 × 1.5–2 mm. Leaves opposite, spreading, united at the base and sheathing the branch for 10–13 mm, sheath without a line and becoming woody with age, smooth, free parts 4–5 mm long, trigonous, adaxially flat, inconspicuously keeled, 2–3 mm broad and thick, apiculate. Flowers solitary, sessile, bracteoles not different from the leaves, 25–30 mm diam.; sepals 5, subequal, succulent; petaloid staminodes brilliant magenta, 2- to3-seriate, inner petals shorter and emarginate, outer ones lanceolate, 13 × 1.2 mm, filamentous staminodes in 3–4 rows, white, outer ones pale pink, collected into a cone around the stamens, 5.5–6 × 0.3 mm; stamens numerous, filaments white, without papillae, 2–4 mm long, inner ones shortest, anthers yellow; stigmas 9–13, slender, ± 2.5 mm long, top of ovary slightly raised in center; nectary forming green, crenulated ring. Capsule 9- to 13-locular, covering membranes completely covering locules, 8–9 mm diam., top low, bowl-shaped, base of capsule funnel-shaped, rims low, expanding keels basally parallel and apically spreading, tapering into awns instead of valve wings, closing-bodies absent, no additional closing-device below the covering membranes. Seeds brown, ca. 0.7 mm long, testa cells cushion shaped.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY</p> <p>Smicrostigma warmwaterbergense is apparently rare and it is only known from the type locality from near Montagu on the southern side of the Warmwaterberg (Fig. 4), within the Sanbona Wildlife Reserve. It appears to be restricted to the plateau, at around 1000 m. The species is associated with sandstone soils within fynbos, where it grows in flat rocky areas, among other short shrubby, open vegetation. A population of an estimated 80 to 100 plants was found in flower in an area which had burnt seven years before. The vegetation is classified as Rainshadow Valley Karoo, SKv8 Western Little Karoo (Mucina et al. 2006). Smicrostigma warmwaterbergense flowers in December.</p> <p>The distribution of S. warmwaterbergense overlaps with S. viride, which has been recorded between Montagu and Uniondale (Fig. 4). However, in the area where the two species co-occur, S. viride is restricted to lower altitudes on different soils. Smicrostigma viride is typically found in renosterveld, in shaly often stony or gravelly and loamy soils, either in flats or on gentle slopes. Elsewhere, it has been observed in rocky spots within fynbos.</p> <p>DISTINGUISHING FEATURES AND RELATIONSHIPS</p> <p>Smicrostigma warmwaterbergense has a similar habit to Smicrostigma viride. The fruits of S. warmwaterbergense only differ in the higher number of locules (Table 1). The major differences lie in their flowers: In S. viride the flowers remain open after anthesis and until they fade, whereas they are open and close each day for several days in S. warmwaterbergense. In addition, in S. viride the staminodes are recurved at the tips and partly conceal the stamens. For this reason, Louisa Bolus had transferred this species to Erepsia, which differs by the possession of a true hypanthium. In contrast, in S. warmwaterbergense the filamentous staminodes are collected first into a cone around the stamens and then later spread as the flower matures.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY</p> <p>The epithet refers to the Warmwaterberg, a mountain-range in the Little Karoo, where the species was discovered.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS</p> <p>While botanical surveys in future are likely to uncover additional populations of this species, it nevertheless appears to be rare. Given the isolated nature of the known population, we recommend that it is considered Vulnerable and placed on the Red Data List of South African plants.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/294D4935FFA55F35FF3B876CFDF3F921	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Klak, Cornelia;Hanáček, Pavel;Bruyns, Peter V.	Klak, Cornelia, Hanáček, Pavel, Bruyns, Peter V. (2023): Two New Species of Aizoaceae (Ruschieae, Ruschoideae) from the Cape, South Africa. Haseltonia 29 (1): 16-23, DOI: 10.2985/026.029.0103, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/026.029.0103
294D4935FFA25F35FD6481C9FB6EFEAB.text	294D4935FFA25F35FD6481C9FB6EFEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicrostigma Graham & Hearn & Junk & Kepert & Mabbs & Moubaraki & Murray & Spiccia 2001	<div><p>Key to the species of Smicrostigma</p> <p>1. Flowers remaining open day and night, stigmas and stamens at least partly concealed, capsule with 7–10 locules................................................................................ S.viride</p> <p>1.Flowers opening each day for several days, stigmas and stamens visible in center,capsule with 9–13 locules................................................................. S. warmwaterbergense</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/294D4935FFA25F35FD6481C9FB6EFEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Klak, Cornelia;Hanáček, Pavel;Bruyns, Peter V.	Klak, Cornelia, Hanáček, Pavel, Bruyns, Peter V. (2023): Two New Species of Aizoaceae (Ruschieae, Ruschoideae) from the Cape, South Africa. Haseltonia 29 (1): 16-23, DOI: 10.2985/026.029.0103, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/026.029.0103
294D4935FFA25F34FD6280BCFD96F921.text	294D4935FFA25F34FD6280BCFD96F921.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicrostigma viride (Hartmann 2017)	<div><p>Additional specimens examined: Smicrostigma viride:</p> <p>— SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, Worcester (3319): Concordia Valley (--DB), Feb 1922, Cook sub NBG1694 /22 (BOL); Robertson, north of Koningrivier Dam [Klipbergdam] (--DD), 300 m, 23 May 1997, P. Bruyns 7151 (BOL); Montagu (3320): Ouberg Pass (--CA), 14 Apr 1962, H. Meyer sub SUG14738 (BOL); steep south facing slope south of Slagkloof se Berg (--CB), 600 m, 25 May 2002, P. Bruyns 9000 (BOL); 20 miles from Montagu along the old Ladismith road (--CB), 23 Sep 1935, E. Esterhuysen sub BOL 40895 (BOL); Bonnievale (--CC), Dec 1929, E. Ryder sub BOL 40892 (BOL); near Bonnievale on the way to McGregor (--CC), 4 May 1973, H. Glen 627 (BOL); Ashton (--CC), Nov 1921, F. Rogers sub BOL 17175 (BOL); Near Montagu Baths (-- CC), 243 m, Dec 1892, H. Bolus sub BOL 6714 (BOL); H. Bolus sub Guthrie 2772 (NBG); Ashton (--CC), Nov 1921, F. Rogers sub BOL 17175 (BOL); Dobbelaars Kloof (--DA), 152 m, 1 May 1940, E. Esterhuysen sub BOL 31160 (BOL); Farm Plankkraal, along northern aspect of Touwsberg (--DB), 600-700 m, 30 May 1999, P. Bruyns 7841 (BOL); Barrydale - Montagu road, at turnoff to Soutkloof (--DC), 1 Oct 2004, C. Klak 1139 (BOL); Ladismith (3321): 8 km east of Ladismith (-- AD), 700 m, 28 Dec 2020, C. Klak 2822 (BOL); Farm Opsoek, near Amalienstein (-- BC), 506 m, 27 Dec 2020, C. Klak 2817 (BOL); Little Karroo, Farm Witkoppie (--CA), 28 Mar 1997, C. Klak 180 (BOL); Farm Rietbakkiesfontein, near northern slopes of Rooiberg (--CB), 500 m, 29 May 1999, P. Bruyns 7833 (BOL); Between Garcia’s Pass and Muis Kraal (--CC), 518 m, Oct 1904, H. Bolus sub BOL 11289 (BOL); About 8 km on Vanwyksdorp road from Riversdale to Calitzdorp (--CD), 360 m, 26 Sep 2006, P.M. Burgoyne 10689 (NBG); Rooiberg Pass (-- DA), 19 Aug 1973, W. Wisura 2746 (BOL, NBG); 6 Jan 1985, P.A. Bean 1556 (BOL); Roodeberg, between Calitzdorp and Van Wyksdorp (--DA), 4 Jul 1948, J.P.H. Acocks 14616 (BOL); Van Wyksdorp, Farm Uitspan (--DC), 200 m, 27 May 2002, P. Bruyns 9044 (BOL); Oudtshoorn (3322): North foot of Outeniquas, between Robinson Pass and Oudtshoorn, Moeras River Valley (--CC), 6 Dec 1951, E. Esterhuysen 19606 (BOL); 10 Apr 1984, P.A. Bean, J.H.J. Vlok &amp; M. Viviers 1429 (BOL; NBG); Jonkersberg, Paardepoort, Doring River Valley (--CD), 1 Dec 1980, P.A. Bean 377a (BOL); 4.4 km west of Laudina on road to Dysselsdorp from Uniondale (--DB), 10 Sep 1985, P.A. Bean 1579 (BOL); De Rust, Farm Buffelsdrif (--DB), 660 m, 20 Jan 2008, C. Klak 1633 (BOL); Willowmore (3323): 1 km S of Uniondale (--CA), 24 Aug 1998, R.J. Chinnock 9201 (NBG); Uniondale (--CA), 8 Nov 1949, E. Esterhuysen 16434 (BOL); 2 km south of Uniondale above road to Avontuur (--CA), 24 Jun 1998, H. Kurzweil 1898A (NBG); Keurbooms River, Long Kloof (-- CC), 609 m, Jan 1923, H. Fourcade 2508 (BOL);</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/294D4935FFA25F34FD6280BCFD96F921	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Klak, Cornelia;Hanáček, Pavel;Bruyns, Peter V.	Klak, Cornelia, Hanáček, Pavel, Bruyns, Peter V. (2023): Two New Species of Aizoaceae (Ruschieae, Ruschoideae) from the Cape, South Africa. Haseltonia 29 (1): 16-23, DOI: 10.2985/026.029.0103, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/026.029.0103
294D4935FFA35F37FD648486FC2FFA62.text	294D4935FFA35F37FD648486FC2FFA62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Namaquanthus cephalophylloides Klak 2001	<div><p>2. Namaquanthus cephalophylloides Klak sp. nov. (Fig. 5)</p> <p>Type: South Africa, Northern Cape, Kwaganap River, between Port Nolloth and Grootmis (2917 AC), 19 Jul. 2021, 150 m, Klak 2917 (BOL, holo.).</p> <p>Differs from N. vanheerdei by its much smaller stature (to 10 cm tall as opposed to 30 cm tall in N. vanheerdei). In addition, the stalks of maturing fruit bend downwards and the fruit finally detach from the plant along a preformed incision, whereas the fruit remain erect and attached to the fruit-stalk in N. vanheerdei.</p> <p>Dwarf, clump forming more or less stemless perennial succulent, with only basal part very woody, &lt;10 × 15 cm. Leaves opposite, ascending, ± free to their bases, finger-shaped, with upper side only slightly flattened, 45–60 × 8–13 mm, tips obtuse. Flowers solitary, 45–50 mm diam., pedicels erect to slightly bent, bending further down as fruit matures, to 45 mm long, bracts succulent and positioned near the base of plant and thus hidden between the leaves; sepals 4, subequal, succulent, flat and broad, ± 8.5 × 8.2 mm, 2 slightly narrower to 5 mm broad and with membranous margins; petaloid staminodes brilliant magenta, paler towards the center, 2- to 3-seriate, ± same length, 22–24 × 2.8 mm, lanceolate to obtuse, filamentous staminodes absent; stamens numerous, filaments 3.5–5.2 mm long, inner ones shortest, white, papillate at base, in 3–4 rows, pollen white; stigmas 8–9, short, feathery, 2.5 mm long, yellowish, top of ovary slightly raised in the center; nectary forming green, crenulated ring. Capsule 8- to 9-locular, detaching from pedicel once mature, 10 mm diam., top raised to 3 mm, with low rims, lower part 7 mm deep, rounded to bell-shaped, basally indented where pedicel attached, covering membranes thin and flexible, raised in the center, without additional closing-devices below, completely covering the locules, without closing-bodies, valve wings broad, ± rectangular. Seeds ochre, to 1.1 mm long, echinate with slender papillae.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY</p> <p>The species is only known from the Kwaganap River south-east of Port Nolloth, in the arid winterrainfall region of northern Namaqualand (Fig. 4). Here it occurs on shallow loamy soils overlaying gneiss with quartz-gravel on the surface. The species occurs at an altitude of around 150 m. It flowers between May and July. The similarly restricted N. vanheerdei is only known from north- and westfacing quartzitic slopes around 30 km east of Port Nolloth (Fig. 4).</p> <p>DISTINGUISHING FEATURES AND RELATIONSHIPS</p> <p>N. vanheerdei forms shrubs to 30 cm high and to 50 cm diameter, whereas N. cephalophylloides is a clump-forming dwarf shrub that does not exceed 15 cm broad. Both species of Namaquanthus have thick, finger-shaped leaves that are more or less free to their bases. However, in the new species the leaves are gray, almost white from a thick covering of wax, whereas N. vanheerdei has dark green leaves, which are typically partially blackened by a fungus or a lichen in their habitat (Fig. 2 B). Furthermore, both species possess large bril- liantly colored, magenta, solitary flowers. However, the pedicels are erect and only reach 10 mm long in N. vanheerdei (Fig. 2), whereas they are to 45 mm long and curved in N. cephalophylloides (Fig. 5 B). Unusual for N. vanheerdei is that the inner petals unfold only after several days, hiding the center of the flower in the beginning (Fig. 2 C, D). Such slow opening of the flowers was not observed for N. cephalophylloides. Bolus (1954) reported the anthers and pollen to be deep purple for N. vanheerdei. However, our own observations revealed that some plants can also have yellow pollen (Fig. 2 C), whereas the pollen is white in N. cephalophylloides. Noteworthy are the echinate seeds (Fig. 5 E, F), which are common to both species. Unusual in N. cephalophylloides are the downward pointing fruits (Fig. 5 A), which become detached once they are mature. This contrasts with most of the species in the Ruschioideae, where the fruits are retained on the plant for 1–2 years or longer. In Cephalophyllum, the tops of the fruits always point upwards and possess closing-bodies. Although papillate seeds are also found in Astridia, the fruits of Astridia have closing-bodies, which are absent in Namaquanthus. A possible close relative is the monotypic Enarganthe, which differs in its trigonous to clubshaped leaves and the pear-shaped, elongated, almost smooth seeds.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY</p> <p>The epithet refers to the superficial resemblance of the new species to members of Cephalophyllum.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS</p> <p>We consider this species to be rare, because of its specific habitat requirements. These are large patches of quartz-gravel close to the sea. A similar habitat at Grootmis near Kleinzee, did not contain this species. This contrasts with Drosanthemopsis kwaganapensis Klak, which is found at the type locality of N. cephalophylloides and also at Grootmis (Klak et al. 2018). Given the isolat- ed nature and the high habitat-specificity of the known population, we recommend that it is considered Vulnerable and placed on the Red Data List of South African plants.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/294D4935FFA35F37FD648486FC2FFA62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Klak, Cornelia;Hanáček, Pavel;Bruyns, Peter V.	Klak, Cornelia, Hanáček, Pavel, Bruyns, Peter V. (2023): Two New Species of Aizoaceae (Ruschieae, Ruschoideae) from the Cape, South Africa. Haseltonia 29 (1): 16-23, DOI: 10.2985/026.029.0103, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/026.029.0103
294D4935FFA05F37FD0D84DDFB97F967.text	294D4935FFA05F37FD0D84DDFB97F967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Namaquanthus	<div><p>Key to the species of Namaquanthus</p> <p>1. Shrubs forming cushions to 30 cm high, leaves dark green, pedicels of fruit erect…........ N. vanheerdei</p> <p>2.' Stemless compact clump-forming dwarf succulent &lt;10 cm tall, leaves gray from thick covering of wax, pedicel of fruit first erect and then pendulous with mature fruits pointing downwards............................................................... N. cephalophylloides</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/294D4935FFA05F37FD0D84DDFB97F967	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Klak, Cornelia;Hanáček, Pavel;Bruyns, Peter V.	Klak, Cornelia, Hanáček, Pavel, Bruyns, Peter V. (2023): Two New Species of Aizoaceae (Ruschieae, Ruschoideae) from the Cape, South Africa. Haseltonia 29 (1): 16-23, DOI: 10.2985/026.029.0103, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/026.029.0103
294D4935FFA15F36FF3A81CCFED2FE81.text	294D4935FFA15F36FF3A81CCFED2FE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Namaquanthus vanheerdei L. Bolus	<div><p>Additional specimens examined: Namaquanthus vanheerdei:</p> <p>— SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape, 30 km east of Port Nolloth, 2917 AD, on quartzitic slopes, 11 Jul 1998, Klak 493 (BOL).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/294D4935FFA15F36FF3A81CCFED2FE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Klak, Cornelia;Hanáček, Pavel;Bruyns, Peter V.	Klak, Cornelia, Hanáček, Pavel, Bruyns, Peter V. (2023): Two New Species of Aizoaceae (Ruschieae, Ruschoideae) from the Cape, South Africa. Haseltonia 29 (1): 16-23, DOI: 10.2985/026.029.0103, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/026.029.0103
