identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038387DB8123F438FF0675834CF54AAB.text	038387DB8123F438FF0675834CF54AAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus Miller 1754	<div><p>Cyanus Miller (1754: 4).</p> <p>Centaurea sect. Cyanus (Mill.) Candolle (1838: 578). Centaurea subgen. Cyanus (Mill.) Spach (1841: 11).</p> <p>Type:— Cyanus segetum Hill.</p> <p>Perennial or annual herbs, sometimes with thickened roots or underground stolons, stem erect or ascending, simple or with few branches in perennials, ± copiously branched in annuals. Leaves usually densely covered with tomentose hairs on both sides, rarely glabrescent, undivided or lyrate or pinnatilobate to pinnatifid, median and upper cauline leaves often decurrent. Capitula heterogamous, small to medium-sized, with many florets, solitary at tips of stem and lateral branches. Involucres 5–25 mm wide, oblong, ovoid to subglobose; phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate, herbaceous-membranous, ovate and triangular-ovate to lanceolate-linear, innermost linear, greenish (yellowing on drying), with indistinct veins, sparsely covered with tomentose hairs to glabrous; appendages membranous, triangular, strongly decurrent with a narrow brown to blackish border, rarely without brownish border, pectinate-ciliate, cilia usually silvery, never ending in a firm mucro or spinule. Flowers numerous; central florets hermapherodite, mostly violet-purple, sometimes violet or pink-purple or cream; peripheral florets sterile, blue or purplish blue, sometimes cream or pale pink, usually strongly radiant with (4–)5–8(–15) segments, without staminodes (very rarely with rudimentary staminodes); anthers with small basal appendages, apical appendages obtuse; filament flattened, covered with papilliform hairs; stigma bifid, distinctly exserted from corolla. Achenes oblong, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rarely elliptic-obovate, medium-sized, 3–6.5 mm long, conspicuously barbate at margin of large hilum. Pappus often much shorter than achenes, rarely longer than achenes, persistent, multiseriate, mostly whitish, double; outer rows with many flat, serrate, or serrate-ciliate bristles, longer inward; inner rows 1 / 4 – 1 / 2 as long as outer ones, with narrow setaceous bristles; rarely pappus absent.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8123F438FF0675834CF54AAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8120F439FF06711948884916.text	038387DB8120F439FF06711948884916.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus Miller 1754	<div><p>Key to species of the genus Cyanus in Turkey</p> <p>1. Plants annual.......................................................................................................................................................................................2</p> <p>- Plants perennial..................................................................................................................................................................................5</p> <p>2. Peripheral florets purple, their corollas crenate with 10–15 short lobes.................................................................... C. tchihatcheffii</p> <p>- Peripheral florets blue, their corollas laciniate with 5–6 long laciniae..............................................................................................3</p> <p>3. Lower and median cauline leaves pinnatipartite or sublyrate; pappus absent.................................................................... C. pinardii</p> <p>- Lower and median cauline leaves usually undivided; pappus present...............................................................................................4</p> <p>4. Upper cauline leaves linear, 1–2 mm wide; involucres 10–16 × 5–10 mm; cilia of appendages 0.5–1 mm long; achenes 3–4 mm long; pappus 1.5–3.5 mm long........................................................................................................................................... C. segetum</p> <p>- Upper cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, 3–5(–6) mm wide; involucres 13–18 × 8–13 mm; cilia of appendages 1.5–2 mm long; achenes 4.5–6 mm long; pappus 5–8(–9) mm long......................................................................................................... C. depressus</p> <p>5. Flowering stem lateral at base of rosette, usually arising from base of rosette..................................................................................6</p> <p>- Flowering stem terminal out of centre of rosette, never arising from base of rosette......................................................................13</p> <p>6. Capitula large, 18–25 × 15–25 mm; cilia of appendages 3–4 mm long................................................................. C. cheiranthifolius</p> <p>- Capitula smaller, 10–17 × 6–13(–15) mm; cilia of appendages 1–2.5(–3) mm long.........................................................................7</p> <p>7. Rosette leaves usually with broadly lanceolate to oval or suborbicular terminal segment........................................... C. reuterianus</p> <p>- Rosette leaves usually with linear-lanceolate or lanceolate terminal segment...................................................................................8</p> <p>8. Basal and lower cauline leaves pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, with 3–5 pairs of linear-lanceolate or lanceolate and entire or pinnatifid segments........................................................................................................................................................................... C. lanigerus</p> <p>- Basal and lower cauline leaves undivided or lyrate, with 3(–4) pairs of lateral lobes or teeth..........................................................9</p> <p>9. Plant often with underground stolons, without thickened roots, stems ascending to decumbent....................................................10</p> <p>- Plant without stolons, with thickened roots, stems erect or ascending............................................................................................12</p> <p>10. Peripheral florets blue, 23–30 mm long; achenes 4–5 mm long......................................................................................... C. pichleri</p> <p>- Peripheral florets purplish-pink or cream, 20–21 mm long; achenes 3.5–3.9 mm long..................................................................11</p> <p>11. Rosette leaves generally pinnatipartite, with 1–5 pairs of lateral segments; involucres 12–13 mm long; median appendages 2.5–3 mm wide............................................................................................................................................................................... C. uysalii</p> <p>- Rosette leaves always undivided; involucres 14–17 mm long; median appendages 4–5 mm wide....................... C. hekimhanensis</p> <p>12. Stem 9–22 cm length; involucres 12–14 × 6–10 mm; flowers violet............................................................................. C. raimondoi</p> <p>- Stem 3–10 cm length; involucres 15–17 × 10–13 mm; flowers purplish-pink to violet or cream.................................... C. bourgaei</p> <p>13. Appendages with a wide scarious margin, black or dark brown; cilia dark brown to blackish................................ C. nigrofimbrius</p> <p>- Appendages with a narrow scarious margin, light to dark brown; cilia whitish..............................................................................14</p> <p>14. Plant with thickened roots................................................................................................................................................................15</p> <p>- Plant without thickened roots...........................................................................................................................................................16</p> <p>15. Involucres 11–15 × 8–11 mm; cilia 0.9–1.1 mm long; flowers violet or purple............................................................. C. eflanensis</p> <p>- Involucres 16–20 × 10–15 mm; cilia 2–3 mm long; flowers almost cream.......................................................................... C. thirkei</p> <p>16. All leaves undivided.........................................................................................................................................................................17</p> <p>- Basal and lower cauline leaves divided............................................................................................................................................19</p> <p>17. Stem ascending or prostrate, branched from median to upper parts, sometimes with several branches as long as stem; appendages without brownish border; peripheral florets not radiant, 7–10 mm longer than involucres, their lobes linear or filiform..................................................................................................................................................................................................... C. celikhanensis</p> <p>- Stem erect, simple or with few branches; appendages with brownish border; peripheral florets radiant, 10–15 mm longer than involucres, their lobes lanceolate.....................................................................................................................................................18</p> <p>18. Stem 12–14 cm length; involucres ovoid to cylindrical, 15–16 × 7(–8) mm; width of scarious margin of appendages 0.2–0.5 mm; cilia 1.3–1.5 mm long; central florets few, 10–15 in each capitulum.............................................................. C. germanicopolitanus</p> <p>- Stem 10–60 cm length; involucres ovoid to subglobose, 15–22 × 8–15(–20) mm; width of scarious margin of appendages 0.5–1.5 mm; cilia 1.5–3.5 mm long; central florets numerous, more than 15 in each capitulum................................................ C. triumfettii</p> <p>19. Stem erect, simple or with 1–2 branches; lower and median cauline leaves linear-lanceolate in outline, pinnatifid to pinnatipartite, with (1–)2–3 pairs of distant linear lobes; pappus 1–2 mm long............................................................................. C. matthiolifolius</p> <p>- Stem ascending, mostly with several branches as long as stem; lower and median cauline leaves lanceolate or spathulate in outline, pinnatilobate to lyrate, with 2–5 pairs of lobes or repand-dentate or partly entire; pappus 0.5–1 mm long.................. C. woronowii</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8120F439FF06711948884916	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8121F439FF06734C48584AD9.text	038387DB8121F439FF06734C48584AD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus bourgaei (Boiss.) Wagenitz & Greuter	<div><p>1. Cyanus bourgaei (Boiss.) Wagenitz &amp; Greuter in Greuter (2003: 57).</p> <p>Centaurea bourgaei Boissier (1875: 637). Type:— TURKEY. In graminosis regionis alpinae montium supra Elmali Lyciae, 9 June 1860, Bourgeau s.n. (holotype G-BOIS! (G00150029), isotypes E00394670!, G00222956!, G-DC! (G00222957), P00703882!, P00703883!).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus bourgaei is a rare endemic of Antalya Province, SW Turkey (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. Antalya: mountain slope SW of Avlan Lake (80 km SW of Antalya), 1150 m, 28 April 1959, Hennipman 738 (E!); Elmali, Kylar surisi, 1700–1800 m, 12 May 1973, Cedik 2248 (E!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8121F439FF06734C48584AD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8121F439FF0677F44F044ECA.text	038387DB8121F439FF0677F44F044ECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus celikhanensis Kaya, Negaresh, Ates & Ozel (2018: 2585	<div><p>2. Cyanus celikhanensis Kaya, Negaresh, Ateş &amp; Özel (2018: 2585).</p> <p>Type:— TURKEY. Adıyaman (C7): Çelikhan, Petelik locality, under the road, dam edge, 6 July 2014, Kaya &amp; Ateş s.n. (holotype ISTE!, isotypes ISTO!, KHAU!).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus celikhanensis is a very rare endemic of Adıyaman Province, S Turkey. It is only known from the type locality in Çelikhan (Fig. 1).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8121F439FF0677F44F044ECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8121F43EFF0674F849E348EB.text	038387DB8121F43EFF0674F849E348EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd.) Sojak 1972	<div><p>3. Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd.) Soják (1972: 131).</p> <p>Centaurea cheiranthifolia Willdenow (1794: 12). Centaurea fischeri subsp. cheiranthifolia (Willd.) Sosnovsky (1926: 86). Type:— TURKEY. Habitat in Anatolia, Tournefort &amp; Gundelsheimer s.n. (holotype B-W 16554-01 0!).</p> <p>Centaurea ochroleuca Pushk. ex Willdenow (1803: 2289). Centaurea axillaris var. ochroleuca (Willd.) Boissier (1875: 636). Centaurea fischeri subsp. ochroleuca (Willd.) Sosnovsky (1926: 85). Type:— AZERBAIJAN. Habitat ad Caucasum, s.c. s.n. (lectotype B-W 16555-03 0! designated here, isolectotypes B-W 16555-01 0!, B-W 16555-02 0!).</p> <p>Centaurea montana var. albida Candolle (1838: 579). Type:— AZERBAIJAN. In pratis montosis prov: Karabagh orientali circa Ghierus, 1832, Szovits s.n. (lectotype G-DC! (G00487640) designated here).</p> <p>Centaurea montana var. citrina Candolle (1838: 579). Type:— GEORGIA: Géorgie, Guriel, 1832, Szovits s.n. (lectotype G-DC! (G00487643) designated here).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus cheiranthifolius occurs in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran and Russia.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8121F43EFF0674F849E348EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8126F43EFF0672D94888496A.text	038387DB8126F43EFF0672D94888496A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd.) Sojak 1972	<div><p>Key to the varieties of C. cheiranthifolius</p> <p>1. Flowers creamy white........................................................................................................... C. cheiranthifolius var. cheiranthifolius</p> <p>- Flowers pink-purple to violet-purple or blue............................................................................ C. cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8126F43EFF0672D94888496A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8126F43EFF06735748034ED5.text	038387DB8126F43EFF06735748034ED5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus cheiranthifolius var. cheiranthifolius var. cheiranthifolius	<div><p>3a. Cyanus cheiranthifolius var. cheiranthifolius</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus cheiranthifolius var. cheiranthifolius is widely distributed in eastern Turkey, Kars, Ağri, Ardahan, Erzurum and Van Provinces (Fig. 2), and also in Azerbaijan and NW Iran.</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. A9 Kars: Yağmurlu Da. between Karaurgan and SarikamiŞ, 2350 m, 13 June 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D29479 (E!); 4 km from Sari-kamis to Karaurgan, 2200 m, 15 July 1966, Davis 46613 (E!). B10 Kars: Küçük Ağri Da. near Serdar Bulak, 2450 m, 20 July 1966, Davis 46915 (E!). B9 Ağri: Ala Da. from Diyadin, Hudavendigar Tepe, 5 July 1967, Albury et al. 3045 (E!). Ardahan: Kisir Dagi group by Lake Cildir, 12 July 1964, Watson 356 (E!); Vallee de Djimil, 8 August 1866, Balansa s.n. (E!). Van: slope of Mt. Ararat, on E side of Akova gorge, 17 August 1969, Hewitt 230 (E!). AZERBAIJAN. Cauc., 1821, Steven s.n. (G-DC!: right hand of the sheet) (syntype of Centaurea montana var. albida). Orient., garden de Paris, 1821, Anon. s.n. (G-DC!: left hand of the sheet!) (syntype of Centaurea montana var. albida). Caucase, alp cauc-orient, 1821, Steven s.n. (G-DC! (G00487648: left hand of the sheet, G00487657: right hand of the sheet) (syntypes of Centaurea montana var. citrina).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8126F43EFF06735748034ED5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8126F43FFF06748C4C6E4B82.text	038387DB8126F43FFF06748C4C6E4B82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens (DC.) Negaresh	<div><p>3b. Cyanus cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens (DC.) Negaresh, comb. nova.</p> <p>Basionym: Centaurea montana var. purpurascens Candolle (1838: 579). Centaurea cheiranthifolia var. purpurascens (DC.) Wagenitz (1974: 230). Type:— ITALY. Ligurie, monte Braco entre Chiaveri et Sarzane, 19 July 1808, Candolle s.n. (lectotype G-DC (G00487608!) designated here).</p> <p>Centaurea fischeri subsp. purpurea Sosnovsky (1926: 85). Centaurea fischeri var. purpurea (Sosn.) Grossheim (1934: 214). Type:— TURKEY. Distr. Novo-Bajazel Kejty-Janych, in monte Gezeldara, 30 July 1923, Grossheim &amp; Zedelmejer s.n. (lectotype LE 01072683! designated here).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: — Centaurea montana var. purpurascens was first described by Candolle (1838). Subsequently, Wagenitz (1974) transferred this variety to Centaurea cheiranthifolia, a position followed by subsequent workers (Wagenitz, 1975, 1980, Ozcan et al. 2014, Şirin et al. 2019a, 2019 b, Çitak et al. 2021). According to Wagenitz (1975, 1980), var. purpurascens is distinguished from var. cheiranthifolia by pink-purple to violet-purple or blue flowers (vs. creamy white). This variety is still not transferred to the genus Cyanus, so I propose the new combination.</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens generally occurs in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran and Russia. Its distribution is wider in comparison to another variety. In Turkey, C. cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens is mainly distributed in northeastern parts in Arvtin, Ardahan and Kars Provinces (Fig. 2).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. A8 Çoruh (Arvtin): Kuru Kurun Da. near Melo above Artvin, 2100 m, 30 June 1962, Apold et al. 125 (E!). A9 Çoruh (Ardahan): Ziyaret Da., 2300 m, 20 June 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D30276 (E!). Kars: Kisir Da., SW slope, 2700 m, 3 July 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D30576 (E!); Ardahan-Yalnizçam, 1900 m, 16 July 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D29603 (E!). Philipp, 30 June 1914, Post s.n. (E!). Kejty-Janych, in monte Gezeldara, 29 May 1913, Roop s.n. (LE!: two sheets) (syntypes of Centaurea fischeri subsp. purpurea). ITALY. Ligurie, Genes, 8 July 1808, Candolle s.n. (G-DC!: middle part of the sheet!) (syntype of Cyanus cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens); Ligurie, Montagne de la Scaggia près Genes, 10 July 1808, Candolle s.n. (G-DC!: left hand of the sheet) (syntype of Cyanus cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens). AZERBAIJAN. Pratis montanis prov: Karabagh meridionali circa Ghierus, 1832, Szovits s.n. (G-DC!) (syntype of Cyanus cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens); in alpine monte Kope-Dagh, 1844, Kolenati 1981 (LE!) (syntype of Centaurea fischeri subsp. purpurea); 1 July 1902, Schelkownikow s.n. (LE!) (syntype of Centaurea fischeri subsp. purpurea); 16 July 1909, Schelkownikow s.n. (LE!) (syntype of Centaurea fischeri subsp. purpurea). GEORGIA. In alpibus Lichidschwari districtus Trialeti, July 1844, Kolenati 2350 (LE!: three sheets) (syntypes of Centaurea fischeri subsp. purpurea); Pedyma, 11 July 1851, Sredinsky 71 (LE!: right hand of the sheet) (syntype of Centaurea fischeri subsp. purpurea); s.c., Nordmann s.n. (LE!) (syntype of Centaurea fischeri subsp. purpurea). RUSSIA. Near the “Shelter” at the Mamison pass, alpine meadows, 30 July 1903, Akinfiew s.n. (LE!) (syntype of Centaurea fischeri subsp. purpurea); Kuruch, Becker 285 (LE!) (syntype of Centaurea fischeri subsp. purpurea).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8126F43FFF06748C4C6E4B82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8127F43CFF0671C14C5D4A86.text	038387DB8127F43CFF0671C14C5D4A86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus depressus (M. Bieb.) Sojak 1972	<div><p>4. Cyanus depressus (M.Bieb.) Soják (1972: 131).</p> <p>Centaurea depressa Marschall von Bieberstein (1808: 346). Type:— GEORGIA. In collibus siccis Iberiae, circa Tiflis, 1806, Steven s.n. (lectotype LE 01024093! designated by Czerepanov (1963: 413), isolectotype LE 01024094!).</p> <p>Centaurea anatolica Grisebach (1846: 234). Type:— TURKEY. In Olympo Bithyniae, Thirke 81 (lectotype GOET008600! designated here).</p> <p>Centaurea depressa var. amasiana Bornmüller (1905: 260). Type:— TURKEY. Amasya: at Khaousa, 400–600 m, 10 May 1889, Bornmüller 540 (holotype B, isotype BM000552000!).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus depressus is widely distributed in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Geogria, Greece, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Spain, Syria, W Tibet, Turkey, Ukraine, southwest and central Asia and SE Europe (Czerepanov 1963, Wagenitz 1975, 1980, 2019, Boršić et al. 2011). Its distribution is wider in comparison to the other species of the genus. Cyanus depressus is a widespread element in Turkey and can be found in most parts of the country (Fig. 3).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. Isparta: Isparta et Kousmalu Pisida inter segetes, May 1845, Heldreich s.n. (E!: two sheets). Malatya: Malatya, on the SE side of the city, 2 June 1968, Alava 6816 (E!); ad oppidum Malatya, 1911, Cadell 3673 (SAV!: two sheets). Konya: Konya to çumra, Kuçük köy, 980 m, 21 May 1962, Helbaek 2492 (E!); 3 km from Cihanbeyli to Tuz G., 900 m, 18 June 1962, Dudley D35940 (E!); Türkei bei Can Hasan S Konya, 28 May 1974, Ern VO 5771 (E!). B7 Elaziğ: 14 km from Elaziğ to Hazar G., 850 m, 5 June 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D28974 (E!). B9 Van: Van, 1750 m, 6 June 1966, Davis 44398 (E!); ad pagum Chošab dit. Van, inter segetes, 1800 m, 7 October 1910, Nábělek 3706 (SAV!: five sheets); between Hosap and W foot of Kepir Dağ, 30 July 1954, Davis &amp; Polunin 23316 (E!). B10 Kars: Iğdir D.Ü.Ç., 800 m, 28 May 1966, Davis 43825 (E!). A9 Kars: 8 km from Kars to Susuz, 1800 m, 5 July 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D30622 (E!). A/B2 Bilecik: Pazaryeri, 750 m, 2 July 1962, Davis et al. D.36487 (E!: two sheets). B3 Eskişehir: ca. 24 km from Polatli to Sivrihisar, 800 m, 12 June 1965, Coode &amp; Jones 2251 (E!). C5 Niğde: near Ulukişla, 1000 m, Siehe in Hayek, Centaureae Exsicc. Crit. I.4 (GB!); ridge N of Maden behind village, 1829 m, 2 July 1969, Darrah 443 (E!); several miles NW of the Ala Daglari, 25 August 1965, Findlay 54 (E!). Erzurum: in arvis ad Baibout, 26 June 1861, Bourgeau 131 (E!); 38 km from Dogubayazit to Erzurum, 12 July 1970, Hewitt 380 (E!). Kirsehir: Gulsehir (Arapsun), ca. 20 km from Gulsehir, 500 m, 2 August 1956, McNeill 364 (E!); Mucur-Sifegol, 17 July 1954, Davis 21801 (E!). Ağri: road E of Doğu, 1 June 1962, Brown 496 (E!). Gümüşane: Taltaban, 18 June 1894, Sintenis 5907 (E!). A4 Kastamonu: Kastamonu, 2 June 1974, Rückbrodt s.n. (E!). Kayseri: Sivas-Kayseri near Gemerek, 1400 m, 23 May 1960, Stainton &amp; Henderson 5119 (E!). Bayburt: Bayburt, 1934, Balls 1776 (E!). Antalya: Antalya E of the town, 14 June 1959, Hennipman 354 (E!); Elmalu, in arvis, 19 May 1860, Bourgeau 153 (E!). Mardin: Bakakri, 2 July 1888, Sintenis 1252 (E!). Ankara: Ankara, 13 June 1962, Apold et al. 4 (E!); Hacikadun valley nr. Kecioren, 11 June 1952, Davis &amp; Dodds 18796 (E!); Golbasi, 27 May 1959, Brown 316 (E!: photo); Bala [Cylik], 30 May 1959, Brown 1434 (E!); Dikrmen, 12 June 1967, Baytop 11462 (E!); Galatia, 11 May 1960, Furse &amp; Synge 107 (E!); Ankara, 5 km WSW Beypazari, 590 m, 19 June 1986, Speta s.n. (W!). A1 (E) Kirklareli: between Pinarhisar and Erenleskoy, ca. 250 m, 26 June 1968, Baytop 13825 (E!: two sheets). B5 Nevsehir: Goreme, tuff hillsides, 1130 m, 30 June 1966, Davis 42207 (E!). Amasya: near Hersifou, 1 June 1969, A. Baytop &amp; T. Baytop 15246 (E!). Adana: Saimbeyli, Doganbeyli-Akcal, 12 July1952, Davis et al. 19895 (E!). A5/B5 Yozgat: 14 miles from Cekerek to Alaca, 800 m, 27 May 1965, Coode &amp; Jones 1634 (E!). Denizli: 27 km sudlich Denizli zwischen dem Kazik beli und Sarabatkoyu, 1200 m, 2 Junly 1973, Holtz et al. 00.444 (E!); ca. 10 km NE Çameli, 1560 m, 6 June 1988, Speta s.n. (W!). C2 Muğla: Muğla to Kale, 4 km form M., 840 m, 28 May 1962, Dudley 35070 (E!). Şanlıurfa: Hilvan, 1965, Zel 1090 (E!). Bolu: östl. Bulu (Auffahrt Fakilar Geç), 700–800 m, 5 June 1986, Speta s.n. (W!). Tunceli: Mazgirt (Mazgerd, Mêzgır), ca. 32.7 km SE of Tunceli, road Ortharman-Elmalık, 1.5 km NNE Elmalık, 20 May 2011, Vitek &amp; Ergin 11-0161 (W!); Vitek &amp; Ergin 11-0152 (W!). B6 Sivas: Sivas, 900 m, 1890, Bornmüller 3015 (B!). Anatolia, Wiedemann s.n. (E!). Enademque stirpem in Anatolia oriental, Donietti s.n. (GOET!) (syntype of Centaurea anatolica).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8127F43CFF0671C14C5D4A86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8124F43CFF06741049F74EAE.text	038387DB8124F43CFF06741049F74EAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus eflanensis Kaya & Bancheva 2009	<div><p>5. Cyanus eflanensis Kaya &amp; Bancheva (2009: 175).</p> <p>Centaurea eflanensis (Kaya &amp; Bancheva) Şirin &amp; Ertuğrul (2019: 540). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.700527&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.34047" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.700527/lat 41.34047)">Type</a>:— TURKEY. Karabük (A4): 10 km W of Eflani town, on dry grassy places in open pine forest, 1020–1031 m, 41° 20′ 25.7″ N, 32° 42′ 1.9″ E, 6 June 2007, Kaya &amp; Bancheva 84027 (holotype ISTE!, isotypes SOM!, W 2007-0026035!).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus eflanensis is a very rare endemic of Karabük Province, N Turkey (Fig. 4).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8124F43CFF06741049F74EAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8124F43CFF0675154CB2404D.text	038387DB8124F43CFF0675154CB2404D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus germanicopolitanus (Bornm.) Holub 1973	<div><p>6. Cyanus germanicopolitanus (Bornm.) Holub (1973: 144).</p> <p>Centaurea germanicopolitana Bornmüller (1944: 376). Type:— TURKEY. A4 Çankiri: in vinetis derelictis regionis aridae ad Čankri, ca. 800 m, 12 June 1929, J. Bornmüller &amp; F. Bornmüller 14319 (holotype B 10 0367384!).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus germanicopolitanus is endemic to Çankiri and Malatya Provinces, N and S Turkey (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. B7 Malatya: 12 km S of Arapkir, 1420–1500 m, Huber-Morath 9488 (Hb. Hub. - Mor.!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8124F43CFF0675154CB2404D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8125F43DFF0676314F4C4EDF.text	038387DB8125F43DFF0676314F4C4EDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus hekimhanensis (Sirin & Yildirim) Negaresh	<div><p>7. Cyanus hekimhanensis (Şirin &amp; Yıldırım) Negaresh, comb. nova.</p> <p>Basionym: Centaurea hekimhanensis Şirin &amp; Yıldırım (2021: 14). Type:— TURKEY. Malatya: SW slopes of the Yamadağı, stony-gravely areas, 2545 m, 19 June 2015, Yıldırım 3974 (holotype KNYA!, isotype ANK).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: —Recently, Şirin et al. (2021) described Centaurea hekimhanensis Şirin &amp; Yıldırım as a new species for the flora of Turkey. They did not place it in Cyanus but, as they did not recognize that genus, they included it in Centaurea. According to them, it is closely related to Cyanus reuterianus. A detailed comparison of the description and type photograph confirms that Centaurea hekimhanensis belongs to Cyanus because of its violet-blue florets, peripheral florets radiant and devoid of staminodes, appendages of phyllaries spineless with scarious margin decurrent nearly to the base. So, based on the current concept of Cyanus, I propose the new combination.</p> <p>Cyanus hekimhanensis resembles C. reuterianus, which is endemic to Turkey, in life form, habit indumentum and involucre size, but differs by some important characters such as rosette leaves always undivided, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse at apex (vs. lyrate with broadly lanceolate to oval or suborbicular terminal segment, rarely undivided, rounded at apex), cauline leaves linear, acute at apex (vs. lanceolate, obtuse at apex), median appendages 8–11 × 4–5 mm (included cilia) (vs. 12–12.5 × 2–3 mm), peripheral florets 21–23 mm (vs. 16–19 mm) long, and also pappus 1.2–1.7 mm (vs. 0.5–0.6 mm) long.</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus hekimhanensis is a very rare endemic of Malatya Province, S Turkey. It is only known from the type locality in Yamadağı (Fig. 4).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8125F43DFF0676314F4C4EDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8125F432FF0674854F4D488E.text	038387DB8125F432FF0674854F4D488E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus lanigerus (DC.) Holub 1973	<div><p>8. Cyanus lanigerus (DC.) Holub (1973: 144).</p> <p>Centaurea lanigera Candolle (1838: 579). Type:— TURKEY. In Oriente ad Mouzourdagh (Munzur Da.), 1837, Aucher 3146 (holotype G-DC! (G00138608), isotypes BM000551978!, G00074348!, G00223031!, G-BOIS (G00150031)!, K000794259!: top right hand corner of the sheet, P00646496!, P00646497!: right hand of the sheet).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus lanigerus is endemic to Tunceli, Kayseri, Niğde, Erzincan and Amasya, N and near Central part of Turkey (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. B7 Tunceli: Munzur Dağ above Ovacik, 2800 m, 17 July 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D31298 (E!). B6 Kayseri: Pinarbaşi, 2300 m, 26 May 1960, Stainton &amp; Henderson 5163 (E!). B5 Niğde: Hasan Da. above TaŞpinar Y., 2800 m, 16 June 1952, Davis et al. 18960 (E!: two sheets). C5 Niğde: Ala Da., July 1964, Wood &amp; Gibson s.n. (E!). A6 Amasya: Abaci Da., 1300 m, Bornmüller 2246b (B!). Orient, Montbret s.n. (K!: bottom right hand corner of the sheet).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8125F432FF0674854F4D488E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812AF432FF0673354FC14E67.text	038387DB812AF432FF0673354FC14E67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus matthiolifolius (Boiss.) Wagenitz & Greuter	<div><p>9. Cyanus matthiolifolius (Boiss.) Wagenitz &amp; Greuter in Greuter (2003: 57).</p> <p>Centaurea matthiolifolia Boissier (1844: 19). Centaurea axillaris var. matthiolifolia (Boiss.) Boissier (1875: 637). Centaurea variegata subf. matthiolifolia (Boiss.) Gugler (1908: 111). Centaurea cana subsp. matthiolifolia (Boiss.) Sosnovsky (1926: 91). Centaurea triumfettii var. matthiolifolia (Boiss.) Dostál (1931: 63). Type:— TURKEY. Caria, 1843, C. Pinard s.n. (holotype G-BOIS! (G00759515: three sheets comprising one specimen), isotypes G00223025!, G00414389!, G00414390!: two sheets comprising one specimen, G-DC! (G00223026: two sheets comprising one specimen)!, GOET008605!, H1086506!, K000794256!, P00703886!, P00703887!, P00703888!, P00703890!, WAG0004179!).</p> <p>Centaurea cana var. sultanensis Bornmüller (1944: 375), syn. nova.</p> <p>Type:— TURKEY. Phrygia: ad radices montis Sultandagh, saxosis prope Akscheher (Wilajet Konia), 1000–1100 m, 12 June 1899, Bornmüller 4700 (holotype B 10 0367383!).</p> <p>Cyanus akcadaghensis (Uysal &amp; Şirin) Raab-Straube &amp; Greuter in Raab-Straube &amp; Raus (2021: 145), syn. nova.</p> <p>Centaurea akcadaghensis Uysal &amp; Şirin (2020: 174). Type:— TURKEY. Malatya: Akçadağ, Levent Canyon, Çayözü Village, open Quercus forest, 1171 m, 28 April 2018, Uysal 3612 (holotype KNYA!, isotype ANK).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: — Bornmüller (1944) described var. sultanensis based on his collection from Turkey that is deposited at B. The diagnostic character of this variety is pale-coloured cilia of the appendages. My examination of the herbarium material of C. matthiolifolius deposited at B, E, G, GOET, H, K and WAG confirms the presence of cilia with palecoloured appendages, so this variety is reduced to a synonym of C. matthiolifolius.</p> <p>Centaurea akcadaghensis Uysal &amp; Şirin was described based on the gathering ‘ Uysal 3612 ’ from Akçadağ, Malatya Province, Turkey (Şirin et al. 2020). Recently, this name was changed to Cyanus akcadaghensis by Raab-Straube &amp; Greuter in Raab-Straube &amp; Raus (2021). According to Şirin et al. (2020), C. akcadaghensis differs from C. matthiolifolius by its stem, leaves, central florets, and achenes as following: stem simple and ascending (vs. simple and erect), basal leaves lanceolate, 3.6–4.1 × 0.2–0.9 cm (vs. linear-lanceolate, 2.9–8.5 × 0.6–1.2 cm), cauline leaves lanceolate, 1.5–3.7 × 0.3–0.5 cm (vs. linear-lanceolate 2.6–4 × 0.2–0.6 cm), central florets purple, 10–13 mm long (vs. purple, 13–15 mm long), and achenes ovoid-oblong, 3.1–3.6 × 1.4–1.9 mm (vs. ovoid-oblong, 4–4.5(–5.5) × 2–2.5 mm). A detailed comparison on the descriptions of this new species and C. matthiolifolius showed a high level of similarity between them. Şirin et al. (2020) stated that C. akcadaghensis have a simple and ascending stem, while the stem in C. matthiolifolius is simple and erect. After examining other relevant specimens, I found that C. matthiolifolius also has ascending stems. Moreover, size and shape of leaves, color and length of central florets and shape of achenes overlap in C. akcadaghensis and C. matthiolifolius. There is only a minor difference: achene size was 3.1–3.6 × 1.4– 1.9 mm in C. akcadaghensis versus 4–4.5(–5.5) × 2–2.5 mm in C. matthiolifolius, which is not reliable in Centaurea s.l. Therefore, I concluded that C. akcadaghensis should be merged with C. matthiolifolius.</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus matthiolifolius is endemic to Denizli, Burdur and Isparta Provinces, SW Turkey (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. C2 Denizli: Honaz Da., 1700 m, Huber-Morath 5416 (Hb. Hub. - Mor.!); 27 km sudlich Denizli auf dem Kazik beli, 2 July 1973, Holtz et al. 00.469 (E!). Burdur: 15 km from Tefenni to Yeşilova, 1100 m, 1 June 1962, Dudley 35290 (E!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812AF432FF0673354FC14E67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812AF433FF06745D49854EF3.text	038387DB812AF433FF06745D49854EF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus nigrofimbrius (K. Koch) Sojak 1972	<div><p>10. Cyanus nigrofimbrius (K.Koch) Soják (1972: 131).</p> <p>Centaurea montana var. nigrofimbria K. Koch (1851: 426). Centaurea nigrofimbria (K.Koch) Sosnovsky (1926: 77). Centaurea atrata subsp. nigrofimbria (K.Koch) Dostál (1931: 60). Type:— TURKEY. Kl. Asien, Pontus: Lasistan, Djimil, 20 July 1843, K.Koch s.n. (lectotype B 10 0250671! designated here, isolectotype GOET008603!).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: — Koch (1851) described Centaurea montana var. nigrofimbria (Cyanus nigrofimbrius) based on two collections of him, i.e. “im kaukasischen Hochgebirge auf Porphyr und Thonschiefer, ca. 5000 bis 8000 hoch” and “im Gaue Hemschin auf Urgestein, ca. 6000 bis 9000 hoch”.</p> <p>The collection “im kaukasischen Hochgebirge auf Porphyr und Thonschiefer” is located in Caucasus, but no specimen with such collection data was found among the herbaria I visited.</p> <p>Hemschin is a region on N side of Tatus Daghlari (incl. Kaçkar Dagh) between Ikizdere and Camlihemshin [Turkey A8 Rize] (Lack 1978). This region appears as a large historical district within the bounds of Lazistan, on the oriental Pontic chain which reaches 3937 m at the Kaçkar Dagh (east of Trabzon). Hemschin is near to locality Dschimil (Cimil), which, following Koch’s travel planning (Edmondson &amp; Lack 1977), seems to be close to the modern city of Ikizdere. Two sheets bearing this region data, kept at B and GOET, were investigated. The preference is given to the B one, because Koch’s autographs are present only on this sheet. The other sample is kept in GOET collection; its label is not from Koch’s hand. The specimen Koch s.n. deposited in B is designated here as the lectotype because it is the only original material that was annotated by Koch and the specimen shows all the relevant characters in regard to the protologue.</p> <p>On the label of the lectotype is printed: “ Kl. Asien, Pontus: Lasistan, Djimil, 1843–1845, K.Koch ” and handwritten “Dschimil, 20.VII.1843, no. 780”. On the label of the isolectotype GOET008603 has handwritten “ Centaurea montana var. nigrofimbria, Dschimil, K.Koch ”.</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus nigrofimbrius generally occurs in Giresun, Trabzon, Ardahan and Rize Provinces, N to NE Turkey (Fig. 5). There are also a few populations in Azerbaijan.</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. A7 Giresun: below Tamdere, 1600 m, 9 August 1952, Davis et al. 20690 (E!). A8 Trabzon: Bayburt to of 3 km N of pass top, 2400 m, 11 July 1960, Stainton &amp; Henderson 6199 (E!); Soganli Daglari, 30 km N of Bayburt, 2600 m, 8 August 1972, Edmondson 859 (E!); N side of Soganli dağ above Caykara, 4 August 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D. 32159 (E!). A8/9 Çoruh (Ardahan-Artvin): Otingol, 1800 m, 4 July 1960, Stainton &amp; Henderson 6005 (E!); Of-Bayburt Rd. about 45 miles S from of, 7 July 1952, Apold et al. 186 (E!); Haldizan N of Baiburt, 26 July 1936, Balls 1851 (E!). Rize: Cermanin Tepe above Cimil, 3100 m, 29 August 1952, Davis &amp; Dodds 21081 (E!); Ikizdere, Vercinin Tepe, steep grassy scree, 3300–3400 m, 29 August 1952, Davis &amp; Dodds 21153 (E!); Baskoy (Cimil)-Cermanin Yayla, 2300 m, 28 August 1952, Davis &amp; Dodds 21028B (E!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812AF433FF06745D49854EF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812BF430FF0674F14C2549C3.text	038387DB812BF430FF0674F14C2549C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus pichleri (Boiss.) Holub 1973	<div><p>11. Cyanus pichleri (Boiss.) Holub (1973: 144).</p> <p>Centaurea pichleri Boissier (1875: 638). Centaurea lanigera subsp. pichleri (Boiss.) Dostál (1931: 67). Type:— TURKEY. Felsige Abhänge der südseites des Mte. Olymp. bei Bursa, July 1874, Pichler 62 (holotype G-BOIS! (G00150032)).</p> <p>Centaurea pichleri var. ancyrensis Bornmüller (1944: 376), syn. nova.</p> <p>Type:— TURKEY. Ankara: ad Angora Galatiae, 1892, Bornmüller 3170 (lectotype JE 00022012! designated here, isolectotypes E00476656!, K000794260!, P00703808!).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: — Cyanus pichleri is represented by two subspecies in Turkey (Wagenitz 1975, Greuter 2003): subspecies pichleri has involucers in 15–20 × (8–)9–13(–15) mm size, cilia in (l.5–) 2–3 mm length, peripheral florets strongly radiant and ca. 15–20 mm longer than the involucre; and subspecies extrarosularis has involucres in 11–15 × 7–8(–9) mm size, cilia in 1–1.5(–2) mm length, peripheral florets slightly radiant and ca. 10 mm longer than the involucre.</p> <p>Bornmüller (1944) described his new variety (i.e. var. ancyrensis) on the basis of lyrate basal leaves of the type specimen. My extensive examinations of specimens at different herbaria revealed the presence of a continuous range of the basal leaves from undivided to lyrate. Therefore this variety should be considered as a synonym of C. pichleri.</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus pichleri is mainly distributed in Turkey and there are also a few populations in Bulgaria and Greece</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812BF430FF0674F14C2549C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8128F430FF06738148884A19.text	038387DB8128F430FF06738148884A19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus pichleri (Boiss.) Holub 1973	<div><p>Key to the subspecies of C. pichleri</p> <p>1. Involucre 15–20 × (8–)9–13(–15) mm; cilia (l.5–) 2–3 mm long; peripheral florets strongly radiant, ca. 15–20 mm longer than the involucre..................................................................................................................................................... C. pichleri subsp. pichleri</p> <p>- Involucre 11–15 × 7–8(–9) mm; cilia 1–1.5(–2) mm long; peripheral florets slightly radiant, ca. 10 mm longer than the involucre.......................................................................................................................................................... C. pichleri subsp. extrarosularis</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8128F430FF06738148884A19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8128F431FF06704649EE4977.text	038387DB8128F431FF06704649EE4977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus pichleri subsp. pichleri	<div><p>11a. Cyanus pichleri subsp. pichleri</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus pichleri subsp. pichleri is widely distributed in Ankara, Corum, Icel, Yozgat, Nevşehir, Kütahya, Kayseri, Adana, Konya, Bursa, Kastamonu, Sivas, Eskişehir, Uşak, Bolu and Antalya Provinces, from NW to N and C to S Turkey (Fig. 6). There are also a few populations in Bulgaria and Greece (Boršić et al. 2011). In addition, the distribution of C. pichleri subsp. pichleri is wider in comparison to the other subspecies.</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. B4 Ankara: Angora, 5 May 1933, Balls 218 (E!); Dikmen Da., 7 May 1933, Balls 227 (E!). A5 Corum: after Gumushaciköy, 800 m, 31 May 1969, Tobey 2654 (E!). C4 Icel: Mut to Karaman, 30 miles N of Mut, 1600 m, 13 May 1963, Coode &amp; Jones 943 (E!). Yozgat: 16 km from Sorgun to Çekerek, ca. 1200 m, 27 May 1963, Coode &amp; Jones 1553 (E!); 10 km N of Bogazliyan, 1200 m, 25 May 1963, Coode &amp; Jones 1503 (E!); Yozgat, June 1960, Curtis 189 (E!). B5 Nevşehir: ca. 16 km from Ürgüp to Akköy, 1400 m, 21 May 1965, Coode &amp; Jones 1300 (E!). B2 Kütahya: Murat Dağ above Banaz, S slope, 2000–2150 m, 15 June 1965, Coode &amp; Jones 2512 (E!); Ak Da. near Simav, 1900–2100 m, 19 June 1965, Coode &amp; Jones 2712 (E!). B6 Kayseri: Pinarbaşi, 1300 m, 25 May 1960, Stainton &amp; Henderson 5151 (E!). C5 Adana: Karanfil, 2140–2440 m, 4 July 1966, Bisby 12 (E!). B3 Konya: Passhohe sudwestlich Aksehir in den Sultan daolari steiniger, trockener Hang, 1600 m, 7 July 1963, Holtz et al. 00.555 (E!). C4 Konya: Yelibel Da. between Karaman and Ermenek, 2280 m, Huber-Morath 8674 (Hb. Hub. - Mor.!); Sultan Da. near Akşehir, 1890–1910 m, Huber-Morath 8675 (Hb. Hub. - Mor.!). Bursa: in summis jugis Olympi Bithyn., July 1874, Pichler, Plantae exsiccatae florae rumelicae et bithynicae 121 (JE!). Bolu: Abant Gölü, Hügel südl. vom See, 1300–1650 m, 5 June 1986, Speta s.n. (W!). Antalya: Yumrudag, Seehöhe: 1400–1800 m, 8 June 1988, Speta s.n. (W!); Beydağlari, Tahtali Dağ, ca. 45 km SW of Antalya, 23 April 1990, Dinnetz et al. (GB!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8128F431FF06704649EE4977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8129F431FF06736D4FB64B36.text	038387DB8129F431FF06736D4FB64B36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus pichleri subsp. extrarosularis (Hayek & Siehe) Wagenitz & Greuter	<div><p>11b. Cyanus pichleri subsp. extrarosularis (Hayek &amp; Siehe) Wagenitz &amp; Greuter in Greuter (2003: 57).</p> <p>Centaurea extrarosularis Hayek &amp; Siehe in Hayek (1914: 170). Centaurea pichleri subsp. extrarosularis (Hayek &amp; Siehe) Wagenitz (1974: 231). Type:— TURKEY. Antitaurus, alpine region, Siehe s.n. (holotype GB, isotype WU 0104378!).</p> <p>Centaurea iconica Huber-Morath (1967: 317). Type:— TURKEY. Prov. Konya: Distr. Konya, Konya-Beysehir, Felsen und steinige Orte 25 km W von Konya, 5 June 1937, Reese s.n. (holotype G00000047!: two sheets comprising one specimen).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus pichleri subsp. extrarosularis is endemic to Kastamonu, Nigde, Kütahya, Bursa, Eskisehir, Konya and Icel Provinces, W, S and N Turkey (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. A4 Kastamonu: Kastamonu, 750 m, 1 June 1967, Tobey 1952 (E!). C5 Nigde: Ala Dağ, between Cukurbag cross roads and the beginning of Narpiz Gorge., 1500–2060 m, 18 June 1963, Parry 21 (E!); Ala Da., Narpiz gorge, 2450 m, 6 June 1964, Wood &amp; Gibson 179 (E!: two sheets). B2 Kütahya: Murat Da. above Kesik Söğüt, 1650–1900 m, 5 July 1962, Davis &amp; Coode D36763 (E!). Bursa: Ulu Dağ, ca. 2300 m, July 1978, Polunin 15009 (E!). C5 Icel: foothills of Bolkar Dağ, 1 km SW of Arslanköy, 1900 m, 6 August 1976, Peat et al. 103B-4-76 (E!). Eskisehir: Sundiken mountain, 1000 m, 22 June 1971, Ekim 38 (E!). C4 Konya: 19–25 km W of Konya, Huber-Morath 8676 (Hb. Hub. - Mor.!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8129F431FF06736D4FB64B36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8129F431FF0671AD4E364C9E.text	038387DB8129F431FF0671AD4E364C9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus pinardii (Boiss.) Sojak 1972	<div><p>12. Cyanus pinardii (Boiss.) Soják (1972: 131).</p> <p>Centaurea pinardii Boissier (1844: 17). Type:— TURKEY. Caria, 1843, C. Pinard s.n. (holotype G-BOIS! (G00758121: three sheets comprising one specimen), isotypes FI012710!, G00223052!, G-DC! (G00223053: two sheets comprising one specimen), GOET008602!, M0031161!, P00703799!, P00703800!, P00703801!, P00703802!, WAG0004178!, W0044944!).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus pinardii is distributed in Uşak and Burdur, W and SW Turkey (Fig. 6), and also in the Balkans (Greece and Macedonia) (Wagenitz 1975).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. B2 Uşak: Kaía-gueul-Déré (Karayol De.), ca. 10 km SW of Ouchak (Uşak), 29 May 1857, Blanche 126 (G-BOIS: two sheets).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8129F431FF0671AD4E364C9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8129F431FF0676C5498D4DF6.text	038387DB8129F431FF0676C5498D4DF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus raimondoi (Bancheva & Kaya 2015) Negaresh 2018	<div><p>13. Cyanus raimondoi (Bancheva &amp; Kaya) Negaresh (2018: 102).</p> <p>Centaurea raimondoi Bancheva &amp; Kaya (2015: 306). Type:— TURKEY. A3 Bolu: between the cities of Mengen and <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.13667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.92361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.13667/lat 40.92361)">Pazarköy</a>, on rocky places, 40° 55′ 25″ N, 32° 08′ 12″ E, 13 June 2012, Bancheva &amp; Kaya 171075 (holotype SOM!, isotype PAL).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus raimondoi is a very rare endemic of Bolu Province, N Turkey (Fig. 7).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8129F431FF0676C5498D4DF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8129F436FF0677ED4E6A49C3.text	038387DB8129F436FF0677ED4E6A49C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus reuterianus (Boiss.) Holub 1973	<div><p>14. Cyanus reuterianus (Boiss.) Holub (1973: 145).</p> <p>Centaurea reuteriana Boissier (1844: 18). Centaurea lanigera subsp. reuteriana (Boiss.) Dostál (1931: 68). Type:— TURKEY. Caria, 1843, C. Pinard s.n. (holotype G-BOIS! (G00150033), isotypes G00074349!, JE00015819!, P00703833!: top left hand corner of the sheet, W0027109!).</p> <p>Centaurea ermenekensis Uysal &amp; Şirin (2020: 176), syn. nova. Cyanus ermenekensis (Uysal &amp; Şirin) Raab-Straube &amp; Greuter in Raab-Straube &amp; Raus (2021: 145). Type:— TURKEY. Karaman: Ermenek, W of Göktepe, 1300 m, steppe, 19 June 2017, Ertuğrul et al. 5377 (holotype KNYA!, isotype ANK).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: — Cyanus ermenekensis was described as an endemic species from Turkey with the name of Centaurea ermenekensis by Şirin et al. (2020) and then its name was changed to Cyanus ermenekensis by Raab-Straube &amp; Greuter in Raab-Straube &amp; Raus (2021). According to Şirin et al. (2020), C. ermenekensis is distinguished from C. reuterianus by its stem, number of capitula, involucre, and median appendages. Based on the description of C. ermenekensis and its comparison with C. reuterianus given by Şirin et al. (2020), and my careful examination of the important morphological traits (Wagenitz 1975) of the type specimens, I found noticeable similarities, namely flowering stem lateral at base of a rosette, usually arising from base of rosette, simple or branched in upper part, decumbent-ascending, cauline leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1.8–2.9 × 0.2–0.9 cm, capitula solitary at end of stem and branches, involucres ovoid and 12–18 mm long, median appendages ovate-oblong, peripheral florets slightly radiant, central florets pink- to violet-purple, 12–16 mm long, achenes ovoid-oblong, 3.5–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm, and pappus scabrous. The only difference is that C. ermenekensis has narrower involucres and slightly smaller appendages, while C. reuterianus has wider involucres and slightly larger appendages, but following a thorough investigation of many specimens, I concluded the variation in the involucres and appendages to be continuous. Therefore, by comparing localities and geographical distributions (Fig. 7), and comparing with other samples and type specimens, I established that C. ermenekensis did not differ from C. reuterianus and should be considered as a new synonym of it.</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus reuterianus is endemic to Turkey.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8129F436FF0677ED4E6A49C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812EF436FF06771648884D28.text	038387DB812EF436FF06771648884D28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus reuterianus (Boiss.) Holub 1973	<div><p>Key to the varieties of C. reuterianus</p> <p>1. Flowers pink- to violet-purple............................................................................................................. C. reuterianus var. reuterianus</p> <p>2. Flowers creamy-white............................................................................................................................. C. reuterianus var. phrygius</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812EF436FF06771648884D28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812EF436FF0677954C4E4ECE.text	038387DB812EF436FF0677954C4E4ECE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus reuterianus var. reuterianus var. reuterianus	<div><p>14a. Cyanus reuterianus var. reuterianus</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus reuterianus var. reuterianus is endemic to Muğla, Kütahya and Isparta Provinces, SW and W Turkey (Fig. 7).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. C2 Muğla: Sandras Dagi above Agla, ascent from Cirali to the Cicekbaba Tep, 21 June 1999, Döring et al. 91 (W!). B2 Kütahya: Murat Da. above Banaz, 2000–2100 m, 15 June 1965, Coode &amp; Jones 2521 (E!); Murat dag (above Gediz) above Kesik Sögüt, 1700–1900 m, 5 July 1962, Davis &amp; Coode D36750 (E!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812EF436FF0677954C4E4ECE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812EF437FF0674F54C984BFF.text	038387DB812EF437FF0674F54C984BFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus reuterianus var. phrygius (Bornm.) Negaresh	<div><p>14b. Cyanus reuterianus var. phrygius (Bornm.) Negaresh, comb. nova.</p> <p>Basionym: Centaurea reuteriana var. phrygia Bornmüller (1909: 474). Type:— TURKEY. Phrygia: Akscheher (Wilajet Konia), in regione alpina montis Sultandagh, in rupestr. et saxosis, 2000 m, 21 June 1899, Bornmüller 5201 (lectotype B 10 0367361! designated here, isolectotypes B 10 0367362!, G00074351!, G-BOIS! (G00074351), JE00015820!, W19000001934!).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: — Centaurea reuteriana var. phrygia was first described by Bornmüller (1909) from Turkey. According to him, it is distinguished from C. reuteriana var. reuteriana by creamy-white flowers (vs. pink- to violetpurple). Currently this taxon is accepted as a distinct variety by subsequent authors such as Wagenitz (1975), Boršić et al. (2011), Şirin et al. (2019) and Çitak et al. (2021). This variety has still not been transferred to the genus Cyanus, so I propose the new combination.</p> <p>Six duplicates of the type of Centaurea reuteriana var. phrygia (Cyanus reuterianus var. phrygius) were found at B, G, G-BOIS, JE, and W, which are to be treated as syntypes (Art. 40 Note 1 of Turland et al. 2018). According to McNeill (2014), the existence of a holotype cannot be established in this case because there was more than one specimen for this taxon, housed in more than one institution. The sheet B 10 0367361 is designated here as the lectotype, because it is the original material that was annotated by Bornmüller and contains capitula and flowers that are better developed than in the other specimens.</p> <p>On the label of the lectotype is handwritten with the locality as above. On the label of all the isolectotypes the following text is printed: “Phrygia: Akscheher (Wilajet Konia), in regione alpina montis Sultandagh, 2000 m, 21 June 1899, Bornmüller ” and handwritten: “5201 Centaurea reuteriana Boiss. var. phrygia ”.</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus reuterianus var. phrygius is endemic to Isparta, Sivas, Zonguldak, Konya, Karaman, Amasya, Denizli and Adana Provinces, S to SW and N Turkey. Its distribution is wider in comparison to the other variety (Fig. 7).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. C3 Isparta: in pascuis saxosis montis Davros Da., 1950 m, May 1845, Heldreich s.n. (E!, G!, G-DC!, W!); 29 May 1845, Heldreich 746 (G-BOIS!); mounad-Dagh (Phrygie), 28 June 1857, Blanche 122 (G-BOIS!); Barla Dağ, Ostgipfel, Seehöhe, 1600–2100 m, 13 June 1988, Speta s.n. (W!). A6 Sivas: Koyulhisar, 1858, Tchihatcheff 817 (G-BOIS!). A4 Zonguldak: Keltepe, above Karabük, 1950 m, 3 August 1962, Davis &amp; Coode D38916 (E!). B3 Konya: Sultan Da. near Akşehir, 1890–1910 m, Huber-Morath 8673 (Hb. Hub. - Mor. !); 2 km from Camlik village, Akseki-Beysehir area, 1360–1370 m, 3 June 2003, Reeve &amp; Adigüzel 2680 (E!). Amasya: Akdag, above Zefe Koy, Grid A 6, 1900 m, 26 June 1965, Tobey 1208 (E!); in cacumine montis Sana-dagh, 1500–1600 m, 15–16 July 1899, Bornmüller 2246 (B!); in montis Ak-dagh regione alpine, 1500–1900 m, 18 June 1889, Bornmüller 539 (B!); Abadschi-dagh, in reg. alpina, 1300 m, 13 May 1890, Bornmüller s.n. (B!). s.c., Whittall 544 (E!); Whittall 545 (E!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812EF437FF0674F54C984BFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812FF434FF0671E54F2E4A17.text	038387DB812FF434FF0671E54F2E4A17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus segetum Hill 1769	<div><p>15. Cyanus segetum Hill (1769: 82).</p> <p>Centaurea cyanus Linneaus (1753: 911). Type:—EUROPE. s.d., Anon. s.n. (lectotype LINN-HL1030-16! designated by Wagenitz 1980: 418).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus segetum is distributed as a weed in most of Europe, Siberia, C Asia, N America and elsewhere, and in natural habitats in Italy, Greece, Turkey and Azerbajian (Wagenitz 2019). In Turkey, it is mainly distributed from southwestern to northwestern parts (Fig. 8).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. Muğla: d. Marmaris, Yarimadasi, 300 m, 17 April 1965, Davis 41279 (E!); Lesvos, Kapi, ca. 400 m, Rechinger 5744 (W!); Kara Dağ, 750 m, 18 May 1988, Ainsworth T20 /88 (E!); Baba Dağ, ca. 1200 m, 15 April 1964, Livermore s.n. (E!). Tekirdağ: between Çorlu and Symen, 50 m, 5 May 1962, Dudley D34507 (E!); Degirmenköy, 5 May 1967, Baytop &amp; Atilá 10973 (E!); 14 km E of Tekirdag, 13 May 1968, A. Baytop &amp; T. Baytop 12.684 (E!). Bursa: 2 km from Soğukpinar to Bursa, 950 m, 23 June 1973, Holtz &amp; Hänel 362 (E!). Izmir: Yamanlar Da., Karagöl, 9 June 1966, Alava &amp; Bocquet 5068 (E!); Kusadasi, Samsundag, near Tasdelen place, 8 May 1968, Kayacik &amp; Yaltirik 3355 (E!). Balikesir: Kaz Da., 15 km from Beypinar to Zeytinli, 500 m, 20 May 1962, Dudley D34858 (E!); Balikesir-Edremit, 1300 m, 13 May 1964, Kayacik &amp; Elicin 2098 (E!). Kirklareli: near Derkoy, 24 July 1968, Baytop 14.165 (E!). Istanbul: near Biukiliç, 11 June 1968, Baytop 13144 (E!). Isparta: Egridir, Egridir-Kasnak forest, 27 Nolu Bölme, Içersinden, 1510 m, 18 June 1971, Göksin 9476 (E!). Mirkasour: damp ground at roadside near stream overflow, Agnew et al. s.n. (E!). B2 Uşak: Yachamichlar-Keui (Yaşamişlar Köy) N of Uşak, 1200 m, Blanche 1286 (G-BOIS!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812FF434FF0671E54F2E4A17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812CF434FF06704D499A4BDB.text	038387DB812CF434FF06704D499A4BDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus tchihatcheffii (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Wagenitz & Greuter	<div><p>16. Cyanus tchihatcheffii (Fisch. &amp; C.A.Mey.) Wagenitz &amp; Greuter in Greuter (2003: 57).</p> <p>Centaurea tchihatcheffii Fischer &amp; Meyer (1854: 31). Melanoloma tchihatcheffii (Fisch. &amp; C.A.Mey.) Boissier (1875: 704). Type:— TURKEY. Asie Mineure, Tchihatcheff 311 (holotype P00703724!).</p> <p>Centaurea purpureiradiata Huber-Morath (1967: 317). Type:— TURKEY. B4 Ankara: Gölbaşi, Brachland, 18 May 1956, Karamanoğlu s.n. (holotype G00006083!).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus tchihatcheffii is a rare endemic of Ankara Province, C Turkey (Fig. 8).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. B4 Ankara: Gölbaşi, 900 m, Brown 316 (E!).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812CF434FF06704D499A4BDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812CF434FF0671894E52407E.text	038387DB812CF434FF0671894E52407E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus thirkei (Sch. Bip.) Holub 1973	<div><p>17. Cyanus thirkei (Sch. Bip.) Holub (1973: 145).</p> <p>Centaurea thirkei Schultz Bipontinus (1847: 314). Centaurea napulifera subsp. thirkei (Sch. Bip.) Stojanov &amp; Achtarov (1935: 22); Dostál (1976: 210), isonym. Type:— TURKEY. Turquci J’Euroyc, May 1845, Thirke s.n. (lectotype G-BOIS! (G00759490) designated here).</p> <p>Cyanus banchevae Kaya (2017: 7529), syn. nova.</p> <p>Type:— TURKEY. A3 Bolu: Mengen-Pazarköy, Arak village, in the mixed forest, 900 m, 23 June 2007, Kaya s.n. (holotype ISTE!, isotype SOM!).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: — Schultz Bipontinus (1846) described Centaurea thirkei based on collections of Thirke, but did not mention any information about Thirke ’ collections nor the name of the herbarium where the specimens were housed. Pertaining to the type specification provided in the protologue, two specimens of Thirke from Turkey were found: “Bruta, 1843, Thirke s.n. (MO-797766)” and “Turquci J’Euroyc, May 1845, Thirke s.n. (G00759490)”. As there is no evidence that Schultz Bipontinus used only one specimen for describing the species, therefore they are considered to be syntypes. Of these, the sheet G00759490 is better preserved and more complete than another specimen and best represents the species description given in the protologue; hence it is designated here as the lectotype.</p> <p>Kaya &amp; Özel (2017) described Cyanus banchevae Kaya as a new species based on the gathering ‘ Kaya s.n. ’ from Arak village, Bolu Province, Turkey, and considered it very closely related to C. thirkei, from which it was said to be distinguished by its height being 21–38 cm (vs. 1.5–13 cm), lower cauline leaves 5.3–14 cm (vs. 2.5–5.5 cm) long, and capitula 16–20 × 10–15 mm (vs. 12–16 × 10–15 mm). However, Wagenitz (1975) stated that the length of capitula in C. thirkei is 16–20 mm, while Kaya &amp; Özel (2017) wrongly considered the length of capitula to be 12–16 mm. My examination of both type and herbarium materials showed that other quantitative differences stated in the protologue, i.e. length of stem and lower cauline leaves, are variable within C. thirkei, so they are not sufficient to distinguish different taxa. Moreover, Kaya &amp; Özel (2017) did not cite any qualitative differences between these species. Therefore, I conclude that C. banchevae should be reduced to a synonym of C. thirkei.</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus thirkei generally occurs in Izmir, Kütahya, Uşak, Kirklareli, Tekirdağ, EskiŞehir, Manisa and Denizli Provinces, W and SW Turkey (Fig. 8). There are also a few populations in Bulgaria.</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. Izmir: Kemalpasa, on top of Nif Dağ, 30 May 1966, Alava et al. 4913 (E!). Kütahya: Simav, Kiçir to Akdag, slopes and summit of Akdag above the treeline, 1900–2100 m, 19 June 1965, Coode &amp; Jones 2711 (E!). Uşak: ad Yachamichlar Kioi prope Ouchak Phrygise in argilloso-calcareis, 1200 m, 1857, Blanche 1283 (G-BOIS!: two sheets); June 1857, Blanche 127 (G-BOIS!: two sheets). Manisa: Manisa Da., 4 April 1966, Regel &amp; Zeybek 7167 (EGE!). C2 Denizli: Honaz D. from SW, 1500–2250 m, Watson et al. 2549 (E!). Bruta, 1843, Thirke s.n. (MO!: photo) (syntype of Cyanus thirkei).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812CF434FF0671894E52407E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812DF435FF0672A14E254A3B.text	038387DB812DF435FF0672A14E254A3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus triumfettii (All.) Dostal ex Love & Love 1961	<div><p>18. Cyanus triumfettii (All.) Dostál ex Löve &amp; Löve (1961: 44).</p> <p>Centaurea triumfettii Allioni (1773: 16). Type:— Cyanus major Alpinus incisis foliis, Triumfetti 1685, tab!.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: —In the framework of the Euro+Med PlantBase, Greuter (2020) recognised 4 subspecies for C. triumfettii, subsp. triumfettii, subsp. axillaris, subsp. nanus (Tenore 1831: 447) Greuter in Greuter &amp; Raab-Straube (2005: 229), and subsp. strictus (Waldstein &amp; Kitaibel 1805: 194) Dostál (1984: 14), of which the first two grow in Turkey. Subsp. axillaris differs from subsp. triumfettii by its stems tomentose to subglabrous, cauline leaves lanceolate, uppermost cauline leaves 4–10 mm wide, and median cauline leaves 6–15 mm wide.</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus triumfettii is widely distributed in mountains of C and S Europe, Crimea, NW Africa, Lebanon, Turkey, N and W Iran, Iraq and Azerbaijan (Wagenitz 1975, 1980, 2019). Cyanus triumfettii subsp. axillaris is a widespread element in Turkey and can be found in most parts of the country, whereas C. triumfettii subsp. triumfettii is mainly distributed in the eastern parts of Turkey (Fig. 9). In addition, the distribution of C. triumfettii subsp. axillaris is wider in comparison to the other subspecies in Turkey.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812DF435FF0672A14E254A3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB812DF42AFF0677DD4E544ADF.text	038387DB812DF42AFF0677DD4E544ADF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus triumfettii subsp. triumfettii	<div><p>18a. Cyanus triumfettii subsp. triumfettii</p> <p>Centaurea atrata Willdenow (1803: 2290). Centaurea axillaris var. atrata (Willd.) Boissier (1875: 636). Cyanus atratus (Willd.) Holub (1972: 316). Type:— TURKEY. Habitat in Anatolia, Tournefort &amp; Gundelsheimer s.n. (holotype B-W 16556 -01 0!).</p> <p>Centaurea huetii Boissier (1856: 69). Cyanus huetii (Boiss.) Soják (1972: 131). Type:— TURKEY. Circa Erzeroum, prope Satchernik, July 1853, Huet du Pavillon s.n. (holotype G-BOIS! (G00765968), isotypes BM000552046!, G00414391!, JE00022010!, K000794257!).</p> <p>Centaurea cana f. fulgens Bornmüller (1944: 375), syn. nova.</p> <p>Type:— TURKEY. In monte Göl-dagh, June 1893, Bornmüller 3405 (holotype B 10 0367382!).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: — Centaurea cana f. fulgens was described by Bornmüller (1944). The epithet “ fulgens ” means bright-coloured, regarding the appendages of phyllaries. My examination of herbarium sheets of C. triumfettii deposited at different herbaria confirms the presence of bright-coloured appendages, so that this form is proposed as a synonym of C. triumfettii.</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. A4 Çankiri: Çankiri to Ilgaz, near Topali, 1320 m, Huber-Morath 13242 (Hb. Hub. - Mor.!). B3 Konya: Sultan Da. near Akşehir, 1400 m, 1899, Bornmüller 4699 (B!, E!). B5 Kayseri: 17 km E of Bakir Da., 1640 m, Huber-Morath 10878 (Hb. Hub. - Mor.!). Erzincan: 37 km from Erzincan to Refahiye, 1960 m, Huber-Morath 11939 (Hb. Hub. - Mor.!). C5 Niğde: Ala Da., between Çukurbağ crossroads and Narpiz gorge, 1500–2060 m, 18 June 1963, Parry 35 (E!). A9 Kars: near Çatak 14 km SW of Selim, 1920 m, Huber-Morath 15884 (Hb. Hub. -Mor. !); Sarikamis, 2100 m, 7 July 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D30801 (E!); Horasan-Karaurgan, 14 miles from Horasan, 2000 m, 13 June 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D29513 (E!); 10 km from Sarikamis to Karakurt, 2050 m, 15 July 1966, Davis 46518 (E!); NE slope of Ağri Dağ, below Serdar Bulak, 2100 m, 27 May 1966, Davis 43795 (E!); in a meadow close to Sarykamysch, 22 June 1914, Litvinov s.n. (E!). Van: N side of Erek Da., 2300 m, 6 June 1966, Davis 44499 (E!). Ağri: 2 km SW of Hamur (Murat valley), 1680 m, 1 June 1966, Davis 44085 (E!); N side of Cili on Kars Rd., 25 June 1971, Brown 594 (E!); Karakurt, 1600 m, 3 June 1971, Baytop 19987 (E!). C10 Hakkari: Sat Da. NW of Sat G., 2850 m, 28 June 1966, Davis 45493 (E!). Artvin: 5 km westlich des Yalnizcam, 2450 m, 4 August 1973, Holtz et al. 01.016 (E!). C3 Isparta Pisidiae, May 1845, Heldreich s.n. (BM!, E!). B8 Erzurum: 29 km from Hinis to Pasinler, 1800 m, 12 July 1966, Davis 46404 (E!); S of Erzurum, approx. 2/3 rds of way to Cat., 1950 m, 1972, Brown 826 (E!); Circa Erzeroum, June 1853, Huet du Pavillon s.n. (G!). B6 Sivas: Demirdag, 2 June 1968, Baytop 13398 (E!). Ankara: Akyarma gecidi (Gerede-Kizilcahamam), 1580 m, 3 June 1977, Watson 5526 (E!). Izmir: Smyrna, Whittall 487 (E!). Burujik, Kucuk Kur, Cilician Taurus, 9 June 1934, Balls 1342 (E!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB812DF42AFF0677DD4E544ADF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8132F42BFF0670854C4F4A87.text	038387DB8132F42BFF0670854C4F4A87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus triumfettii subsp. axillaris (Willd.) Stepanek	<div><p>18b. Cyanus triumfettii subsp. axillaris (Willd.) Štěpánek in Slavík &amp; Štepánková (2004: 455); Greuter &amp; Raab-Straube (2005: 229), isonym.</p> <p>Centaurea axillaris Willdenow (1803: 2290), nom. cons. prop. Cyanus axillaris (Willd.) Presl &amp; Presl (1819: 179). Centaurea montana subsp. axillaris (Willd.) Čelakovskı (1871: 252). Centaurea variegata var. aligera Gugler (1908: 111), nom. illeg. Centaurea triumfettii subsp. axillaris (Willd.) Stefanov &amp; Georgiev (1931: 160). Centaurea triumfettii subsp. aligera (Gugler) Dostál (1976: 208), nom. illeg. Type:— AUSTRIA. Habitat in collinis Austriae, Trattinnick s.n. (conserved type B-W 16557-01 0! proposed by Skokanová &amp; Kouteckı (2018: 1224), isotype B-W 16557-02 0!).</p> <p>Centaurea cana Smith (1813: 198). Centaurea variegata subsp. cana (Sm.) Nyman (1879: 423). Cyanus canus (Sm.) Holub (1973: 144). Centaurea triumfettii subsp. cana (Sm.) Dostál (1976: 209). Type:—In Olympo Bithyno monte.</p> <p>Centaurea serebrowskyi Sosnovsky (1926: 92). Type:— TURKEY. A7 Gümüşane: Sandzh. Gümüsch-khane, in planitie Tschittepe (Çittepesi), in agro, 4 August 1916, Serebrowsky s.n. (holotype TGM!).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. A3 Bolu: Ala Da., Kartal Kaya tepe, 2100–2200 m, 12 July 1962, Davis &amp; Coode D37340 (E!); Abant, near Bolu, May 1981, Polunin 15931 (E!). A4 Kastamonu: Ilgaz Da., 2000–2150 m, 1929, Bornmüller 14317 (B!, E!); Kastamonu, 1 km E of the town, 850 m, 29 June 1971, Edmondson 570 (E!); Ilgaz Daglari, 35 km S of Kastamonu, 1780 m, 27 June 1971, Edmondson 476 (E!); Ilgaz Daglari, 35 km S of Kastamonu, W side of Ilgazhaceti Tepesi, 9 km E of top of pass, 2100 m, 28 June 1971, Edmondson 512 (E!); Ilgaz Da., 2000 m, 19 July 1969, Darrah 15 (E!). A7 Giresun: Balabandağ above Tamdere, 2700 m, 7 August 1952, Davis et al. 20557 (BM!, E!). B2 Manisa: Demirci to Simav, Akçakertik pass, 1310 m, Huber-Morath 17001 (Hb. Hub. - Mor.!). B5 Adana: d. Feke, Bakir Da., 2100–2200 m, 30 June 1952, Davis et al. 19399 (BM!, E!); Karsanti, Soguk oluk Fidanlik kulesi, 14 July 1972, Yurdakul 71 (E!). B6/7 Sivas: Divriği, Dumluca Da., 30 May 1968, Baytop 12799 (ISTE!, E!). B7 Erzincan: Keşiş Da. above Cimin, 2300 m, Davis 31289 (E!); Suchehir to Refakiye, 24 June 1934, Balls 1464A (E!). B9 Bitlis / Van: 10 km SE of Pelli, 2750 m, 8 July 1954, Davis &amp; Polunin 22530 (BM!, E!); Karz Dağ above Kotum, 28 June 1954, Davis &amp; Polunin 22263 (E!); Nemrut Da., 30 July 1966, Tong 204 (E!: two sheets); Artos Dağ, 15 July 1954, Davis &amp; Polunin 22865 (E!); mt. 10 km SE of Pelli, 8 July 1954, Davis &amp; Polunin 22572 (BM!, E!); Montagnes du Kurd Dagh, May 1907, Haradjian 1687 (E!); Nemrut mountain, suak se istaryonu, E slope, 24 June 1972, Tatli 162 (E!); Suphan Dağ, 30 July 1966, Stileman 23 (E!). B10 Kars: Küçük Ağri Da. near Serdar Bulak, 2300 m, 20 July 1966, Davis 46920 (E!); Ziyarat Dağ (Yalnizçan-Daglari) above Yalnizçan, 2400 m, 29 June 1959, Davis &amp; Hedge D30319 (E!); Selim-Kars, 1200 m, 13 June 1959, Davis &amp; Hedge D29552 (E!). C4 Konya: Yelibel Da., near Ermenek, Huber-Morath 11683 (Hb. Hub. -Mor. !). C5 IçeI: Güllek Tepe, 1100 m, June 1896, Siehe 429 (BM!, E!: two sheets, GB!). C6 Gaziantep: Telhüyüh between Gaziantep and Pazarcik, 800 m, 11 May 1957, Davis &amp; Dedge D27811 (E!). Gaziantep: Dülük Baba 7 km N of Gaziantep, 1100 m, 12 May 1957, Davis &amp; Dedge D27875 (E!). C8 Mardin: 5 km E of Mardin, 1100 m, 25 May 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D28604 (E!). Mardin: Mardin-Diyarbakir, 24 km from Mardin, 1000 m, 27 May 1957, Davis &amp; Dedge D28711 (E!). C10 Hakkari: Kara Da., 3500 m, Davis 24461 (E!); above old christian church at Talana, S of Cilo Daglari, 2440 m, 9 June 1970, Trelawny 1602 (E!); Cilo tepe, 8 August 1954, Davis &amp; Polunin 24103 (E!); Davis &amp; Polunin 24059 (E!); Kara Dağ, 16 August 1954, Davis &amp; Polunin 24461 (E!); between Hakkari and Beytussebap, 23 July 1974, Rix 2318 (E!). Çorum: Hattuses, dry hills, 1 June 1969, A. Baytop &amp; T. Baytop 15231 (E!). A2 Bursa: Ulu Dağ, July 1978, Polunin 15076 (E!). A4 Ankara: Karagöl, 40 miles N of Ankara, 1400 m, 10 June 1965, Coode &amp; Jones 2188 (E!); Distr. Kizilcahamam, isik Dağ, 17 August 1960, Salar et al. 726 (E!). B5 Ankara: N end of Tuz gölü, 900 m, 29 June 1966, Davis 42170 (E!). Artvin: Kordevan Dağ (Yalnizçan-Daglari) near Kütül yayla, 2100 m, 28 June 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D30242 (E!). A5 Samsun: Ladik, 900 m, 5 May 1964, Tobey 555 (E!). Amasya: Ladik (Alacam mevki), 1300 m, 27 May 1964, Tobey 616 (E!); Zana to Suchehir, 23 June 1964, Balls 1464 (BM!, E!). Gumushane: Bayburt Osluk Koprusu, 1700 m, 20 June 1967, Tobey 2133 (E!); in pr. seuis [?] Gumusch-Khane, 28 May 1862, Bourgeau s.n. (E!); Kop Dagh, Bayburt, 20 July 1934, Balls 1792 (BM!, E!); Kelkit, 1600 m, 18 May 1960, Stainton 8437 (E!); limestone valley 25 km beyond Bayburt on road Trabzon-Erzurum, 1 July 1963, Jardine 523 (E!). Antalya: Kuchuk Kizil Hissar, 23 April 1934, Balls 825A (BM!, E!); Balls 825 (BM!, E!); Elmali, Keçeva. Az örtülü alt yamaclarda, July 1964, Demirdögen 2524 (E!). Elazığ: Kharput, 1889, Sintenis s.n (E!). C9 Siirt: above Sirnak, 1400–1500 m, 8 May 1966, Davis 42625 (E!). B9 Ağri: 3 km E of Ağri, 1700 m, 1 June 1966, Davis 44093 (E!); Suluçem (Musun), S end of Balik G., 2300 m, 23 July 1963, Davis 47180 (E!). Maraş: Koyunoluk dağ between Maraş and Göksun, 1300 m, 4 May 1957, Davis &amp; Hedge D27561 (E!). Diyarbakir: Maden-Ergani, 22 June 1954, Davis 22032 (E!). Niğde: Ala dağ. Enchanted Garden, middle Narpiz Gorge, 2100–2400 m, 19 June 1963, Parry 43 (E!). Erzincan: Kesis dağ above Cimin, 2300 m, 28 July 1957, Davis &amp; Dedge 31829 (E!). Eskisehir: Guvem beli kuni dere, 1250 m, 12 June 1970, Ekim 11 (E!). Damut, 5 July 1933, Balls 468 (E!); near Hamurum Dere, 16 km S of agri along road on hillside, 2 June 1967, Ross s.n. (E!); 45 km E of Horazon, mountain pass meadow, 30 June 1967, Ross s.n. (E!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8132F42BFF0670854C4F4A87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8133F42BFF06713D4CFD4B83.text	038387DB8133F42BFF06713D4CFD4B83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus uysalii (Sirin & Cecen 2019) Negaresh 2020	<div><p>19. Cyanus uysalii (Şirin &amp; Çeçen) Negaresh (2020: 245).</p> <p>Centaurea uysalii Şirin &amp; Çeçen (2019: 810). Type:— TURKEY. C4 Karaman: Çakırdağı, between <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.490555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.38639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.490555/lat 37.38639)">Kavurgalık</a> hill and <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.490555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.38639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.490555/lat 37.38639)">Pelitli</a> stream, rocky area, 1270–1390 m, 37° 23′ 11″ N, 33° 29′ 26″ E, 1 May 2018, Şirin &amp; Çeçen 733 (holotype KNYA!, isotype ANK).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus uysalii is a very rare endemic of Karaman Province, S Turkey. It is only known from the type locality in Çakırdağı (Fig. 10).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8133F42BFF06713D4CFD4B83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
038387DB8133F428FF06757D4CB14953.text	038387DB8133F428FF06757D4CB14953.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyanus woronowii (Bornm. ex Sosn.) Sojak 1972	<div><p>20. Cyanus woronowii (Bornm. ex Sosn.) Soják (1972: 132).</p> <p>Centaurea triumfettii var. pleiocephala Bornmüller (1914: 6). Centaurea woronowii Bornmüller ex Sosnovsky (1926: 91). Type:— TURKEY. A8 Çoruh: distr. Artvin, in detritibus lapidosis inter Artvin et Ardanuč (loc. Tskal-Okro), 9 July 1911, Woronow 6187 (B 10 0366313!).</p> <p>Distribution: — Cyanus woronowii is a rare endemic of Artvin Province, NE Turkey (Fig. 10).</p> <p>Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. A8 Çoruh (Artvin): Artvin, stony slopes, 700 m, 28 April 1960, Stainton 8278 (E!); 20 km S of Artvin, 730 m, Huber-Morath 15880 (Hb. Hub. - Mor.!); 7 km E of Ardanuç, 1500 m, Watson et al. 3102 (E!).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DB8133F428FF06757D4CB14953	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution. Phytotaxa 531 (1): 18-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2
