taxonID	type	description	language	source
03824077FFE1FFCCFF75FAAC4EB752D7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (adapted from Thompson 2006 and Ricarte et al. 2015). The C. vagum group can be distinguished from the other Copestylum species groups by: 1) face vittate but not tomentose and with background colour shiny yellow, green, or orange, 2) face not particularly extended, 3) scutum with mixed length pile, not forming distinct layers and most orientated posteriorly, 4) no outstanding, long, thick setae along the rear margin of the scutum, although long pile may be present, 5) apex of the scutellum with a linear depression, 6) calypter dark, brown to black or with brown border, 7) tergum 1 and most of tergum 2 with a pale mark contrasting with the colour of the scutum, scutellum and the rest of the abdomen, and 8) male genitalia with aedeagal hood projecting ventrally from the hypandrium, superior lobe with smooth margins.	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFE1FFCCFF75FAAC4EB752D7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species here described agrees with the diagnostic characters proposed for the C. vagum group, but can easily be recognized within this group by the unique and striking male genitalia, characterized by the epandrium and cercus black; epandrium with a dorsal extension, a novel character among the group, in addition to the surstylus L-shaped, with two pairs of rounded ridges in the dorsal edge, similar to small deer antlers in velvet.	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFE1FFCCFF75FAAC4EB752D7.taxon	distribution	Additional records of species of the Copestylum vagum group New distributional records of C. tenorium and C. araceorum are here provided. Copestylum tenorium was exclusively known from Costa Rica and C. araceorum was described from material collected in Costa Rica and Ecuador. Both species are recorded for the first time in the Amazonian rainforest of Colombia.	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFE1FFCCFF75FAAC4EB752D7.taxon	description	Adjustments to existing identification keys of the C. vagum species group The last key of Curran (1930, 1939) covered most of the species included in the C. vagum group. Ricarte et al. (2015) partially reviewed the C. vagum group, providing a key for seven species, of which five were described as new. We provide modifications to the previous keys of the C. vagum group to distinguish C. enriquei sp. nov. from the other eighteen species included in the group. The new key is based on characters provided by Curran (1930, 1939), Thompson (2006), and Ricarte et al. (2015), in addition to some new provided here. Images and information of type specimens of nine species (see material and methods) are available at the AMNH website.	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFE0FFCEFF75FF654BF555A4.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 4)	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFE0FFCEFF75FF654BF555A4.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. shares the general morphological characters of other known species in the C. vagum group. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. is a green yellowish fly, similar in appearance to C. vagum, C. musicanum, and C. tenorium, from which it differs by the gena and face separated by a very broad brown vitta; scutum orange except for the wide medial vitta, which is dark and metallic, ending before the prescutellar region, with the apical margin M-shaped; tibiae dark-brown, except yellow on basal 1 / 4. Epandrium and cercus black, contrasting with the colour of hypandrium and surstylus, which are orange; epandrium with a dorsal extension, in addition to the surstylus L-shaped, with two pairs of rounded ridges in the dorsal edge, similar to small deer antlers in velvet.	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFE0FFCEFF75FF654BF555A4.taxon	description	Description (holotype). MALE. Head (Figs 1 A, C, and D): Face yellowish-orange without a clear central vitta; gena and face separated by a very broad brown vitta; gena orange, orange pruinose, and pilose; dorsal margin of eyes sloping and yellow pilose; lunule brownish-orange; antenna orange, scape and pedicel orange setulose; arista orange, orange pilose. Thorax (Figs 1 B – D): Scutum orange except for the wide medial vitta, which is dark and metallic, ending before the prescutellar region, with the apical margin M-shaped (Fig. 1 C); scutum brown pilose on the median dark area, yellow pilose along lateral margins, with pile not much longer at the rear margin; lateral setae orange: two above wing insertion and two on postalar callus; pleuron extensively yellow; scutellum yellow with pre-apical depression, yellow pilose; marginal setae orange-yellow, with two dark brown setae. Wing (Figs 1 B – E, 2 B): Hyaline except for the brown-yellowish pterostigmal spot, costal cell yellowish, bare; wing microtrichose, except for some extensively bare areas basally and centrally, cell bm extensively bare, cell dm bare on anterior 1 / 3, cell r only slightly bare on basal 1 / 3 or less, cell CuP bare on anterior 1 / 3; alula microtrichose, calypter yellowishwhite, border brownish-orange, fringe brownish-orange; plumula yellow-orange; halter yellow-orange, capitulum white. Legs (Figs 1 A – B, D – E): coxa and trochanter yellow, metafemur extensively orange; tibia dark-brown, except yellow on basal 1 / 4, black pilose on these areas; tarsomeres 1 and 2 orange, tarsomeres 3 – 5 black, black pilose. Abdomen (Figs 1 B, D – E, 2 A – B): Mostly yellow-greenish, orange-yellow pilose, first tergum 1 yellow-greenish; terga 2 – 4 greenish, brownish infuscated apically; terga 3 – 4 black pilose on apical margin; S 1 – 4 yellowish-green and extensively yellow pilose; male genitalia elongated, extending over the fourth sternum, with epandrium and cercus black, epandrium in lateral view with a dorsal extension, cercus in lateral view, globular and round-tipped; surstylus in lateral view, L-shaped, with two pairs of rounded ridges in the dorsal edge, similar to small deer antlers in velvet; superior lobe (Apex of hypandrium) orange, hook-shaped, with a kinked apex strongly curved downward (Figs 2 D – H). FEMALE (Figs 3 A – D; Reemer 2016: 100, Fig. 15, dorsal habitus). Similar to male except for usual sexual dimorphism, and differing in vertex with a complete brownish transverse macula, extensively dark brown to blackhaired in this area; sternites 4 and 5 yellow.	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFE0FFCEFF75FF654BF555A4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet ‘ enriquei’ is a patronym given in memory of Carlos Enrique Giraldo, the grandfather of the first author, a notable, worthy, and noble person of sweet spirit who was like an oak, a very happy man who taught me (ALM) to enjoy and marvel at the small things of the natural world. For him, this beautiful species that flies high as his unforgettable smile and kind way of being, always ready to provide a space and welcome in his home in Anserma, Caldas, Colombia that was always open to everyone. Taxonomic remarks. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. run to C. chapadensis or C. bequaerti in the key of Curran (1930; couplet 9, p. 6), based on the gena and face separated by a very broad brownish vitta. This work covered most species belonging to the C. vagum group. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. would be identified as C. musicanum in an unpublished draft key by F. C. Thompson (couplet 13), as it has the tibiae much darker than the femora, terminalia large, cercus elongate, hook-like, extending over the fourth sternum. Using the key of Ricarte et al. (2015; couplet 3, p. 52), C. enriquei sp. nov. keys out close to C. araceorum and C. willistoni, based on the terga 3 − 4 with yellow marks or completely black, however, C. enriquei sp. nov. lacks a median vitta on the face. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. is also morphologically similar to C. tenorium from which it differs by the diagnostic characters listed in Table 1 (See also “ Taxonomic notes ” under each species in Ricarte et al. 2015 and keys).	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFE0FFCEFF75FF654BF555A4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The male holotype was collected between 21 December 2016 and 04 February 2017 in a canopy Malaise trap (Rafael & Gorayeb 1982) in a pristine rainforest patch of a conflict territory of limited access and political unrest in Caquetá, Colombia (Fig. 4 A). The type locality is located at the eastern slope of the Colombian Oriental Cordillera at an altitude of 716 meters above sea level (m a. s. l). Two additional female specimens (paratypes) were collected in two sampling events on 28 May 1963 and between 31 August and 14 September 2001 in a nature reserve and primary forest in Northeastern Suriname (Para and Brokopondo) between 35 and 189 m a. s. l. (Fig. 4 B). Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. is probably endemic to the Amazonian rainforest of Colombia and Suriname on the Guyana shield.	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFE0FFCEFF75FF654BF555A4.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. is only known from pristine patches in the lowlands of the Amazonian rainforest of Colombia and Suriname (Fig. 4 B). The specimens were collected using a canopy Malaise trap and sweeping net, which could suggest that the species is associated with both canopy and ground levels in conserved forest.	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFEBFFCFFF75FA124AB15534.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. COLOMBIA, Caquetá, Florencia, Aguas Negras, 1.660 84, - 75.605501, 936 m, Bosque Primario, Indi-Wasi Punto 4, Van Someren-Rydon (VSR), 04. iv. 2013, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037388); Brasil, 1.652 222, - 75.626389, 900 m, Bosque Primario, Indi-Wasi Punto 2, VSR, 3. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037397); …, Bosque Dosel, Cartagena G 5, Malaise, 3. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037394); …, Bosque secundario denso, Caraño Pescado, VSR, 3. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037419); …, Bosque Piso, 3 er Túnel C 4, Malaise, 3. x. 2014, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037390); …, Cultivo, San Pacho B 4, Malaise, 21. xi. 2013, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037410); La Viciosa, 1.497 722, - 75.656972, 643 m, Cultivo, San Pacho B 2, Malaise, 18. iii. 2013, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037392); …, Bosque secundario denso, Paraíso Banana, VSR, 01. xi. 2012, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037407); Las Brisas, 1.753 889, - 75.747639, 365 m, Bosque secundario denso, Caraño Manual, Red Entomológica, 2, xi. 2016 - 7. xii. 2016, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037403); …, Paraíso Pescado, VSR, 7 - 21. xii. 2016, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037398); …, Paraíso, 1.747 611, - 75.629669, 900 m, Bosque Primario, Indi-Wasi Punto 2, VSR, 25. iv. 2013, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (3 ♂, LEUA – 00000037402); …, 663 m, Bosque secundario denso, Paraíso Banana, VSR, 25. iv. 2013, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037418); …, Paraíso Pescado, VSR, 01. xi. 2012, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037400); …, Caraño Pescado, VSR, 15. vii. 2014, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037408); …, Villaraz Manual, Red Entomológica, 01. xi. 2012, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037409); …, San José del Fragua, Bellavista, 1.306 530, - 76.009137, 2040 m, Bosque Piso, 3 er Túnel B 3, Malaise, 1 - 15. ii. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037412).	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
03824077FFEAFFCFFF75FE294FA250B3.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. COLOMBIA, Caquetá, Cartagena del Chaira, Tigrera Alta, 1.284 797, - 74.817023, 365 m, Bosque secundario denso, Caraño Pescado, VSR, 21. xii. 2016 - 04. i. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037396); …, Bosque secundario denso, Paraíso Pescado, VSR, 1 - 15. ii. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037399); …, Bosque Piso, San José G 8, Malaise, 26. x. 2016 - 09. xi. 2016, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037422); Florencia, San Francisco, 1.706 750, - 75.610167, 663 m, Bosque secundario denso, Paraíso Pollo, VSR, 7 - 21. xii. 2016, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037389); …, Paraíso Salicilato, VSR, 9 - 23. xi. 2016, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037401); …, Villaraz, 1.733 486, - 75.674972, 900 m, Bosque secundario denso, Villaraz Pescado, VSR, 30. iv. 2011, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037420); …, Bosque Piso, Cartagena F 1, Malaise, 30. iv. 2011, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037421); San José del Fragua, PNN Alto Fragua Indi-Wasi, 1.286 722, - 76.142806, 936 m, Bosque Primario, Indi-Wasi Punto 4, VSR, 26. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (15 ♂, 9 ♀, LEUA – 00000037376); …, Bosque Primario, Indi-Wasi Punto 2, Malaise, 26. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037377); …, Bosque secundario denso, Aguas negras Pescado, VSR, 26. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037382); …, Bosque secundario denso, Paraíso Pescado, VSR, 26. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037383); …, Bosque secundario denso, Caraño Pescado, VSR, 26. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♀, LEUA – 00000037384); …, Bosque Primario, Indi-Wasi Punto 4, VSR, 26. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037385); …, Bosque secundario denso, Macagual Pescado, VSR, 26. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037386); …, Bosque Dosel, Cartagena G 8, Malaise, 26. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037387); …, Bosque Primario, Indi- Wasi Punto 2, VSR, 26. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (2 ♀, LEUA – 00000037391); …, Bosque Primario, Indi- Wasi Punto 5, VSR, 24. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037404); …, Bosque secundario denso, Macagual Pescado, VSR, 24. x. 2017, Y. Ramos Pastrana Leg (1 ♂, LEUA – 00000037406).	en	Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio, Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany (2022): Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname. Zootaxa 5091 (3): 401-415, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.1
