identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DA87E60F35FFC4FF19B9633140F87E.text	03DA87E60F35FFC4FF19B9633140F87E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinellidae Shannon 1926	<div><p>Family Mesembrinellidae Shannon, 1926</p> <p>Diagnosis. This is a morphologically diverse family with species ranging from 7 to 17 mm in body length, sharing many characters with Calliphoridae. Thorax usually subshiny, blue, tan or brown, sometimes with pale to tan tomentose stripes. Abdomen often with shiny blue to brown cuticle with pale tomentum. Anterior thoracic spiracle normally ovate, with a broad oval opening above (Fig. 5); in a few species the anterior spiracle has a long, narrow opening gradually widening above (Fig. 6). Posterior thoracic spiracle varying in size from small to large, reniform (= kidney-shaped), with an opening midway along upper margin and a fringe of long, ventrally-directed setae (Fig. 7). Most species have a subscutellum ranging from weakly to moderately or prominently developed, different from the closely related Calliphoridae where the subscutellum is not developed or at most weak. Row of meral setae in shape of an inverted L, with setae ranging from pale and fine to dark and stout (Fig. 7). Horizontal portion of inverted L usually composed of about 5 or more setae, in some species shorter, composed of only 2–3 setae or, rarely, absent. Wing with bend of vein M evenly curved (usually forming an obtuse angle, Figs 1, 3) in most species, vs. normally angulate (at a right or acute angle) in Calliphoridae (Fig. 4). Frons width typically much narrower in males than in females, with frons to head ratios often providing valuable species-specific characters. Female frons broader, with width ranges often overlapping between species. Female with cruciate (crossed) setae just anterior to ocellar triangle. Male terminalia: most species with a roughly rectangular or square-shaped epandrium and medium-sized surstylus and cercus, adjacent at base (Figs 15, 55, 63, 87); in the spicata -group the epandrium is elongate and the surstylus and cercus are tiny (Figs 27, 29); in the bolivar -group there is a narrow neck between the epandrium and the (swollen) base of the cercus, with surstylus and cercus widely separated in lateral view (Figs 31, 33); in the anomala -group the epandrium is reduced and the surstylus is enlarged (Fig. 99). In most species the phallus is slender with epiphallus of various lengths and shapes, from long and slender (Fig. 105) to short and blunt (Fig. 165); hypophallic lobes often of unique shape from rounded (Fig. 106) to oval (Fig. 111) or rectangular (Fig. 182); in a few species the phallus is highly modified (Figs 117–120). In males of most species ST1 is broad, ST2–4 are gradually narrowing (e.g., Fig. 239) and ST5 is usually broad and bilobed, sometimes modified (Figs 239, 245, 247, 249). Female with ST1–5 oval to nearly square or rectangular (Figs 411–454). Female postabdomen not telescopic; dorsum of ovipositor with large T6, ranging from a flattened (e.g., Fig. 282) to a regular U or V shape (e.g., Fig. 287), often with distinctive spiracles; T7 smaller and either bilobed (Fig. 282) or divided (Fig. 289); T8 much reduced, divided (Fig. 284) or continuous (Fig. 303); epiproct and cerci as in Figs 282–325. Venter of ovipositor composed of ST6, ST7, a greatly reduced ST8, and hypoproct (Fig. 326). Spermathecae (three in number) of three distinctive types: filiform (Figs 375–396; most species), tuberform (Figs 370–374; genus Laneella, though significantly shorter in L. fuscosquamata), or bulbous (Figs 397, 410; M. flavicrura and Souzalopesiella facialis).</p> <p>Status of genera in Mesembrinellidae. Several studies have questioned the validity of most of the genera in the family (Vargas &amp; Wood 2009; Moll 2014; Marinho et al. 2017). It has even been argued that only the genus Mesembrinella should be retained as valid (Cerretti et al. 2017). We accept Marinho’s synonymy of Eumesembrinella with Mesembrinella (Marinho et al. 2017). Based on our study of specimens of most previously described species and of the fifteen new species described herein, we retain three subfamilies, Laneellinae, Mesembrinellinae and Souzalopesiellinae, and three genera, Laneella, Mesembrinella and Souzalopesiella. We synonymize the genera Albuquerquea, Giovanella, Henriquella, Huascaromusca and Thompsoniella with Mesembrinella, and species of Mesembrinella are classified within six groups: the M. latifrons -group, the M. spicata -group, the M. bolivar -group, the M. aeneiventris -group, the M. bicolor -group, and the M. anomala -group. These groupings help us discuss species in a logical manner, but they are tentative and we are aware that future phylogenetic studies may suggest further changes in the classification. Characters of each species-group are discussed in detail further on.</p> <p>Remarks. The detailed key below can be used to separate Mesembrinellidae from Neotropical Calliphoridae. The reniform posterior spiracle readily distinguishes mesembrinellids from calliphorids, sarcophagids and tachinids. Other features of sarcophagids are the three conspicuous black stripes on a gray- to gold-pruinose thorax and the checkered abdomen. Sarcophagids typically also have two larger and two smaller notopleural setae on the notopleuron, whereas mesembrinellids have only two stout notopleural setae. Tachinids have a prominently developed subscutellum, rare in mesembrinellids, and normally they have a bare arista (except in Dexiini), which is setose in mesembrinellids. Other similar flies include muscids, which sometimes have a posterior spiracle similar to mesembrinellids but lack meral setae, always present in mesembrinellids.</p> <p>The keys to genera and species of Mesembrinellidae provided herein were developed following Guimar„es (1977), and are the first comprehensive taxonomic keys for the family Mesembrinellidae published since then.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F35FFC4FF19B9633140F87E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F29FFC6FF19BABD31B0FE6D.text	03DA87E60F29FFC6FF19BABD31B0FE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinellidae Shannon 1926	<div><p>Key to separate Mesembrinellidae from Neotropical Calliphoridae</p> <p>1 Posterior thoracic spiracle large, reniform, with opening on upper margin and a fringe of long setae (Fig. 7); anterior spiracle small and usually ovate (droplet-shaped), with a more or less broad oval opening above (Fig. 5) or, rarely, with a long, narrow opening gradually widening above (Fig. 6); subscutellum usually from weakly to moderately or (rarely) prominently developed; body color often somewhat testaceous (yellowish or reddish brown), as in Fig. 455; gena usually 1/4–1/2 of eye height; bend of vein M obtuse (Figs 1, 3)........................................................... Mesembrinellidae</p> <p>- Posterior thoracic spiracle smaller and more circular, closed anteriorly by a larger triangular felt-like lappet and posteriorly by a smaller circular lappet (Rognes 1991: fig. 5); anterior spiracle similar, but opening usually narrower above; subscutellum usually undeveloped or weakly developed; body color usually shiny green, blue, purple or bronze; gena usually about 1/2 eye height; bend of vein M usually acute or right-angled (Fig. 4)........................................ Calliphoridae</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F29FFC6FF19BABD31B0FE6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F29FFC6FF19B81531B0FA35.text	03DA87E60F29FFC6FF19B81531B0FA35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinellidae Shannon 1926	<div><p>Key to subfamilies and genera of Mesembrinellidae</p> <p>1 A large, dark brown fly (13–15 mm in length); abdomen robust, shiny black or dark brown with ST2–4 wider than long; each segment with two horizontal rows of stout black setae, one row along the posterior margin, the other in the posterior third of the segment (Fig. 281); presutural intra-alar seta absent; setae on facial ridge ascending about half way to antennal base (Fig. 193); male frons width 0.02/5 of head width at narrowest. Male terminalia with surstylus slender and straight, cercus long and slender with uniform curve forward (Figs 101–102). Phallus in lateral view with epiphallus short and angled forward (Fig. 191); in dorsal view with pair of lateral processes just behind hypophallic lobes (Fig. 192). Female: spermathecae bulbous (Fig. 410); T6 of terminalia of FU shape, T7 large and rectangular, recessed midway anteriorly (Fig. 325); [known from Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Trinidad, Venezuela].............................................................................................. Souzalopesiellinae [genus Souzalopesiella; one species, Souzalopesiella facialis]</p> <p>- A usually smaller fly (most species 12 mm or less in length); abdomen usually shiny, with metallic highlights; setae on sternites usually much weaker and not limited to two rows; sternites usually rounded, not quadrate. Male epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 15–100; phallus without lateral processes (Figs 105–190). Females usually with spermathecae filiform or tuberform, not bulbous (except in M. flavicrura); T6 of terminalia usually not of FU shape (except Laneella)..................... 2</p> <p>2 Male with surstylus and cercus both curving forward (Figs 15, 17, 19, 21, 23); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus long and slender, curving backward (Figs 105, 107, 109, 111, 113); phallus in dorsal view with hypophallic lobes short and circular or semicircular (Figs 106, 108, 110, 112, 114); frons narrow, 0.01–0.02 of head width at narrowest. Females with tuberform spermathecae (Figs 370–374), shorter but still tuberform (Fig. 371) in L. fuscosquamata; T6 of FU shape (Figs 284–286). Five of six species in this genus with a more or less shiny brown thorax (one species shiny blue), all medium-sized (10–13 mm); two species with basal half of tarsal claws pale white to pale yellowish (Fig. 10). [Known from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay (Marinho et al. 2017) and Venezuela]...................................................................................... Laneellinae [genus Laneella; six known species]</p> <p>- Male normally with surstylus curved backward or straight and cercus curved forward; phallus in lateral view usually with epiphallus short to moderate in length; hypophallic lobes rarely circular but usually narrow or, if wider, more elongate; frons width variable. Females usually with filiform spermathecae (except bulbous in M. flavicrura; Fig. 397), most species with some metallic blue to black colors on abdomen in both sexes; female with T6 usually not so flattened, usually of distinct inverted U or V shape (Figs 287–313); widespread from southern Mexico to Argentina............................................................................... Mesembrinellinae [genus Mesembrinella; 6 species-groups and 48 species]</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F29FFC6FF19B81531B0FA35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F29FFC2FF19BC0637B0FD40.text	03DA87E60F29FFC2FF19BC0637B0FD40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laneella Mello 1967	<div><p>Genus Laneella Mello, 1967</p> <p>Laneella Mello, 1967: 3. Type species: Mesembrinella brunnipes Surcouf, 1919 sensu Mello, 1967, by original designation. Misidentification, = Laneella nigripes Guimar „es, 1977; teste Guimar„es (1977). Herewith fixed under Article 70.3 of the Code (I.C.Z.N 1999).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Dorsum of thorax more or less shiny brown in five of the six known species; one species (L. purpurea) with thorax and abdomen entirely metallic purple. Males with both surstylus and cercus curved forward and epandrium usually smaller than in most other mesembrinellids (Figs 15, 17, 19, 21, 23). Phallus narrow in dorsal view just before anterior edge of hypophallic lobe; lobes distinctive, short and rounded, with prominent serrations (as in Fig. 106); epiphallus long and slender with gentle curve posteriorly (Figs 105, 107, 109, 111, 113). Male sternites usually with coarse, dense setae (Figs 239–243), unlike those in other genera and species-groups. Females with T6 flattened (FU shape), a condition not found in most other mesembrinellids (Figs 282–286), and usually with tuberform spermathecae (Figs 370–374).</p> <p>Remarks. Three of the six known species in the genus have more or less shiny brown abdomens, two have abdomens with metallic reflections and one has a gleaming purple abdomen. Males in this genus have the surstylus and cercus both curving forward (Figs 15, 17, 19, 21, 23). In Mesembrinellinae, the species-groups have surstylus straight with cercus curved forward or surstylus and cercus curved toward each other. Females have tuberform spermathecae (Figs 370–374), although those of L. fuscosquamata are about half the length of those of other species (Fig. 371). Eggs were found in the abdomen of a specimen of L. fuscosquamata, see discussion under that species. Known from Brazil, Colombia (Wolff 2013), Costa Rica, Mexico, Guatemala and French Guiana.</p> <p>The NJ barcode analysis recovered two distantly separated clades for Laneella, the first containing L. nigripes, L. perisi, L. patriciae and L. fusconitida, the second L. purpurea and L. fuscosquamata. To be more certain about the relationships among the species of this genus, we decided to run a Bayesian analysis using part of the data representing all species. The topology from this analysis (results not shown here) recovered a polyphyletic Laneella with L. purpurea and L. fuscosquamata in a distant, separate clade sister to all other Mesembrinellidae, confirming the NJ findings. These results are not congruent with morphology; thus, it is possible that the morphological characters used to place L. purpurea and L. fuscosquamata within Laneella are the result of convergent evolution and not character states shared through common ancestry. Also, it is important to note that both analyses are based only on COI, and one marker is not enough to resolve the evolution of a group. Further studies using more markers are needed to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among species of this genus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F29FFC2FF19BC0637B0FD40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F2DFFC2FF19B96231B0F9F2.text	03DA87E60F2DFFC2FF19B96231B0F9F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laneella Mello 1967	<div><p>Key to species of Laneella</p> <p>1 Basal half of tarsal claws pale, white to pale yellowish (Fig. 10); wing with infuscation along costa or tip of wing; male with basal 2/3 of cerci slender in dorsal view, as in Figs 20, 22. Female terminalia as in Figs 284–285...................... 2</p> <p>- Basal half of tarsal claw orange, brown or black (Fig. 11); area along costa with at most faint infuscation, distal portion of wing not infuscated; male with basal 2/3 of cerci much broader in dorsal view in two of three species (Figs 18, 24). Female terminalia distinctive, as in Figs 282–283, 286....................................................................... 3</p> <p>2 Wing with anterior edge infuscated from junction of subcosta-costa posteriorly to R 4+5 and distally to tip; palpus brown to black; row of black postocular setae ending about 2/3 of way from top of eye to gena, with pale yellowish below that; anterior half of T4 with solid whitish band of tomentum; fore and mid femora dark reddish-brown, hind femur orange to brown; [known from Brazil and Paraguay].......................................................................... L. nigripes</p> <p>- Wing with distal 1/2–1/3 of tip infuscated, also cells r 1, r 2+3 and r 4+5 and junction of vein CuA1 and crossvein dm-cu darkened; palpus orange; row of black postocular setae reaching gena; midsegment of T4 with four transverse pale spots; all femora orange; [known from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Ecuador]........................................... L. perisi</p> <p>3 Thorax and abdomen dark metallic bluish-purple (Fig. 457); base of wing with cells and veins darkened; disc, rims and setae of calypters dark brown; anterior half of basicosta brown, posterior half more or less reddish-brown; [known primarily from western and central Costa Rica].......................................................... L. purpurea sp. nov.</p> <p>- Thorax brown to reddish-brown, not metallic; base of wing not darkened; calypters with disc, rims and fringe of setae light to moderately brown; basicosta orange...................................................................... 4</p> <p>4 Wing with distinctive brown spot around crossvein r-m (Fig. 3); abdomen shiny brown or bluish-purple; wing with section IV about 0.25 of section III or less.......................................................................... 5</p> <p>- Wing without darkened area around crossvein r-m; abdomen shiny metallic blue to purple; wing with section IV about 0.46 of section III; [known from Mexico and Guatemala]........................................ L. fuscosquamata sp. nov.</p> <p>5 Abdomen bluish-purple, mid and hind femora with apices dark brown; [known only from Colombia]........... L. patriciae</p> <p>- Abdomen shiny brown; mid and hind femora with apices orange; [known from Costa Rica, Ecuador and Venezuela].......................................................................................... L. fusconitida sp. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F2DFFC2FF19B96231B0F9F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F2DFFCFFF19BCB2376AFD8C.text	03DA87E60F2DFFCFFF19BCB2376AFD8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laneella fusconitida Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Laneella fusconitida Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 3, 11, 15–16, 105–106, 195, 239, 282, 326, 370, 411, 455, 488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A fairly large shiny brown fly averaging 12 mm (11–13/5) in length (Fig. 455). Basal half of tarsal claws dark orange, brown or black (Fig. 11). vs. pale in L. nigripes and L. perisi (Fig. 10); abdomen shiny brown, compared to bluish-purple in the similar L. patriciae; all femora orange vs. with apices dark brown in L. patriciae; wing with distinct brown macula around crossvein r-m (Fig. 3), similar to L. patriciae; section IV 0.25 of section III. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Fig. 15. Female with tuberform spermathecae (Fig. 370).</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.012 (0.010 –0.015 /5) of head width at narrowest, about equal to width of base of arista; fronto-orbital slender and pale orange; frontal setae ascending about 30% of distance to ver- tex; lower 1/3 of frontal vitta orange, upper 2/3 obliterated; parafacial pale yellow and narrow above, wider below; gena orange with horizontal row of short, dark setae; postgena orange with long golden setae; occiput with silvery tomentum and weak golden setae; median occipital sclerite shiny orange; first flagellomere and pedicel orange; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral eye facets; ocellar triangle small, ocelli about equal in size; supravibrissal setae only in basal 1/6 of facial ridge.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum brown to reddish-brown with two broad irregular whitish tomentose stripes; pleura orange; chaetotaxy: ac 2:3, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae very fine brown, 1 pair converging ap, 1 sa, 2 lat, 1 stout bas, 1weak pb, 1 disc subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles orange and medium-sized. Legs: femora orange, tibiae and tarsi tan; tarsal claws with basal 2/3 orange and tips black. Wing faintly yellowish, darker along costa; crossvein r-m surrounded by small dark brown spot (Fig. 3); subcostal sclerite without setae, with heavy pubescence; basicosta orange, tegula tan; section IV 0.25 of section III; calypters tan; rim of upper calypter dark with short reddish setae, rim of lower calypter brown with long reddish setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 and anterior half of T3 orange; posterior half of T3 and all of T4 brown; T5 dark brown; T4–5 with row of stout setae on rear margin; disc of T5 without row of stout setae, whole segment with short fine setae; T3 with cluster of lateral setae. Terminalia similar to those of other Laneella in lateral view (Fig. 15); in posterior view cerci more slender than in other species (Fig. 16); phallus in lateral view as in Fig. 105; in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes rounded, similar to other Laneella (Fig. 106); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 195, ST1–5 as in Fig. 239.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.272 (0.26–0.28/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of FU shape, narrowed medially; T7 bilobed, with deep indentation posteriorly, similar to L. perisi; T8 as separate sclerites lateral to base of cerci (Fig. 282); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 326; spermathecae tuberform (Fig. 370); ST1–5 as in Fig. 411.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ * (<a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.02&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.02/lat 10.05)">Costa Rica</a>, San José; LACM; Fig. 455), labeled: COSTA RICA: San José Zurquí de / Moravia. Tower path. 10.05°N / 84.02°W. 1600 m. 2–9 AUG 2013. / Fish bait trap, ZADBI-996. #107515; HOLOTYPE / Laneella / fusconitida / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀: Costa Rica, San José. Zurquí de Moravia, North Pasture, 1600 m, 28.ii.2013, bait trap with fish, ZADBI-512 #106177 (LACM).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Costa Rica, Cartago. 1 ♂*, Paraiso, P.N. Tapanti, 1600 m, 2–4.xii.2012, Malaise trap, ZADBI- 331 #106167 (LACM); 1 ♂, same data except 10–17.ii.2013, ZADBI-508 #106173 (LACM). Guanacaste. 1 ♀, P.N. Volcan Tenorio, 1650 m, 4.xi.2003 – 15.ii.2014, Malaise trap, L_N_295100 424600 #76952, J. Azofeifa (INBIO). Puntarenas. 1 ♀, Monteverde, 20–24.vi.1986, D.J. Keller (LACM); 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀, same data except 20–25.viii.1991, 1500 m, D.M. Wood (CNC). San José. 1 ♂*, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.02&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.02/lat 10.05)">Tower</a> path, 10.05°N 84.02°W, 1600 m, 2–9.viii.2013, fish bait trap, ZADBI-996 #107515 (LACM); 1 ♂, same data except 1600 m, 17–23.xi.2012, Malaise trap #2, ZADBI-245 #105453 (LACM); 1 m, 1 ♀, same data except 10–17.v.2013, Malaise trap #4, ZADBI-745 #106771 (LACM); 1 ♀ *, same data except 5–12.vii.2013, emergence trap over dry branches, ZADBI-920 (LACM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW305), same data except 16–23.iv.2013, ZADBI-1087 #107689 (LACM); 1 ♂*, Zurquí de Moravia, Creek 2 north, 18–25.iv. 2013, 250 m, Malaise trap, ZADBI-512, 105944 (LACM); 1 ♀, 1 ♂ ♦ (TLW302), Zurquí de Moravia, creek 2, 1600 m, 22.x.2012, ZADBI-158 #105267 (LACM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, creek 2 North, 1600 m, 3–10.v.2013, Malaise trap #2, ZADBI-716 #106721 (LACM); 1 ♂, same data except 26.vii–2.viii.2013, ZADBI- 970 (LACM); Zurquí de Moravia, 1600 m, 21.x.2012, #105240, Bait trap with human dung, ZADBI (LACM); 4 ♂♂, Zurquí de Moravia, creek 2 North, 23–30.viii.2013, Malaise trap #2, ZADBI-1094 #107696 (LACM); 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW301), 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, North Pasture, 1600 m, 28.ii.2013, bait trap with fish, ZADBI-512 #106177 (LACM); 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, end path tower, 1600 m, 21.x.2012, bait trap with chicken, ZADBI-128 #105232 (LACM); 2 ♀♀, Est. Zurquí, 500 m antes de Tunel, 1600 m, iv.1991, L_N_226800 535200, G. Maass (INBIO); 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, creek 2, 21.x.2012, bait trap with chicken, ZADBI-129 #105233 (LACM); 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, tower path, 1600 m, 14–21.vi.2013, Malaise trap #4, ZADBI-862 #107012 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data ex- cept 12–19.iv.2013, ZADBI-713 #106718 (LACM); 2 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW303–304), Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path, 1600 m, 5–12.vii.2013, emergence trap over dry branches 30 m, ZADBI-920 #107168 (LACM). Ecuador, Napo. 1 ♀, Rio Azuela, bei Reventador, 1600 m, 8–11.vi.1977, W. Schacht (NHMUK). Venezuela, Aragua. 1 ♂, Rancho Grande, 18–27.ii.1971, 1100 m, G. &amp; M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♂, same data [but no elevation] except 20.ix.1973, B. Villegas (UCDC); same data except 1.vi.1981, A. Field (MIZA). Pinchincha. 2♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.674995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.07027778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.674995/lat -0.07027778)">Bellavista Cloud Forest</a> Res., 0°4ʹ13ʺS 78°40ʹ30ʺW, 2200 m, 9–13.v.2009, at light, S. Luc (UGG).</p> <p>Additional material examined. Costa Rica, Cartago. 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Paraiso, P.N. Tapanti, 1600 m, 30.xii.2012 – 6.i.2013, Malaise trap, ZADBI-502 #106167 (LACM); 1 ♂, same data except 10–17.ii.2013, ZADBI-508 #106173 (LACM); 1 ♀, P.N. Tapanti, Rio Dos Amigos, A.C. Amistad, 1480 m, iii.1994, L_N_187600 560250 #2782, G. Mora, A. Solis, E. Ulate (INBIO); 1 ♀, Quebrada Segunda Ref. Nac. Fauna Silv. Tapanti, 1250 m, iv.1992, L_N_ 194000 560000, R. Vargas (INBIO). Puntarenas. 1 ♀, Est. Pittier Sendero Altamira, 900 m, NO. de la Estación, 1700–1740 m, 4.x.1995, L_S_331500 576800 #7413, M. Moraga (INBIO); 1 ♀, Est. Pittier, Rio Gemelo, 700 m E de la Estación, 1600 m, 2–8.i.1996, Malaise, L _S_330900 578000 #8418, M. Moraga (INBIO); 1 ♀, Est. La Ca- sona, 1520 m, Res. Biol. Monteverde, iv.1992, L_N_253250 449700, N. Obando (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except 1500 m, vi.1991, L_N_253250 449700 #1714 (INBIO); 1 ♀, Monteverde, 20–24.vi.1986, D.J. Keller (LACM); 2 ♀♀, same data except 20–25.viii.1991, 1500 m, D.M. Wood (CNC). San José. 2 ♂♂, Zurquí de Moravia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.02&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.02/lat 10.05)">Tower</a> path, 10.05°N 84.02°W, 1600 m, 2–9.viii.2013, fish bait trap, ZADBI-996 #107515 (LACM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data except 9–16.viii.2013, ZADBI-1022 #107541 (LACM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, creek 2, 21.x.2012, bait trap with chicken, ZADBI-129 #105233 (LACM); 1 ♂*, same data except 1600 m, 18–25.i.2013 (LACM); 2 ♀♀, same data except 22.x.2012, ZADBI-158 #105267 (LACM); 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, creek 2 North, 1600 m, 3–10.v.2013, Malaise trap #2, ZADBI-716 #106721 (LACM); 1 ♂, same data except 29.xi.2012 – 7.xii.2012, ZADBI-276 #105534 (LACM); 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, North Pasture, 1600 m, 28.ii.2013, bait trap with fish, ZADBI-512 #106177 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 17–23.xi.2012, ZADBI-245 #105453 (LACM); 1 ♀ *, 3 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path, 1600 m, 5–12.vii.2013, emergence trap over dry branches 30 m, ZADBI- 920 #107168 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 16–23.viii.2013, emergence trap over leaf litter 75 m, ZADBI-1087 #107689 (LACM); 1 ♀, Est. Zurquí 500 m antes de Tunel, 1600 m, iv.1991, L_N_226800 535200, G. Maass (INBIO); 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, 1600 m, x–xii.1989, P. Hanson (INBIO); 2 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, creek 2, 1600 m, 10–17.xi.2012, Malaise trap #2, ZADBI-209 #105399 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 29.xi–7.xii.2012, ZADBI-276 #105534 (LACM); 2 ♀♀, same data except 3–10.v.2013, ZADBI-716 #106721 (LACM); 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path, 1600 m, 5–12.vii.2013, emergence trap over dry branches 30 m, ZADBI-920 #107168 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 100 m, 12–19.vii.2013, emergence trap over leaf litter, ZADBI-941 #107260 (LACM); 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, creek 2, 21.x.2012, bait trap with chicken, ZADBI-129 #105233 (LACM); 1 ♂, same data except 26.vii.2013 – 2.viii.2013, ZADBI-970 #107489 (LACM); 5 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path, 1600 m, 10–17.v.2013, Malaise trap #4, ZADBI-745 #106771 (LACM); 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, creek 2 north, 1600 m, 17–24.v.2013, Malaise trap #2, ZADBI-775 #106801 (LACM); 3 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path, 1600 m, 14–21.vi.2013, Malaise trap #4 250 m, ZADBI-862 #107012 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except emergence trap over vegetation 50 m, ZADBI-867 #107017 (LACM); 2 ♀♀, same data except emergence trap over dry branch- es 300 m, ZADBI-864 #107014 (LACM); 2 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, end path tower, 1600 m, 21.x.2012, bait trap with chicken, ZADBI-128 #105232 (LACM); 3 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, tower path, 1600 m, 26.vii–2.viii.2013, emergence trap over dry branches 300 m, ZADBI-981 #107500 (LACM); 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, creek 1, 1600 m, 14–21.xii.2012, emergence trap over vegetation 50 m, ZADBI-345 #105667 (LACM). Ecuador, Pichincha. 1 ♀, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 0°00’55.77ʺN 78°40ʹ49.73ʺW, 2200–2300 m, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.68048&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.015491667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.68048/lat 0.015491667)">Tropical Cloudforest General</a> col- lecting, 24–26.vii.2007, CPDT Gillett (NHMUK). Venezuela, Aragua. 1 ♂, Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 1.vi.1981, A. Field (MIZA); 1 ♂, same data except 20.ix.1973, B. Villegas (UCDC).</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was the most common mesembrinellid collected in the Zurquí de Moravia area of San José Province, Costa Rica. Five specimens (TLW 301–305) were barcoded and formed a distinct cluster (Fig. 488). This species is closely related to L. patriciae, which is found in Colombia (Marinho et al. 2017); barcodes show that there is 3.48% genetic difference between the two species.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name fusconitida is a combination of the Latin fusco (brown) and nitida (shining), which in combination describe the body color of this species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F2DFFCFFF19BCB2376AFD8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F20FFF5FF19B8B6379DFD34.text	03DA87E60F20FFF5FF19B8B6379DFD34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laneella fuscosquamata Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Laneella fuscosquamata Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 9, 17–18, 107–108, 196, 240, 283, 327, 371, 412, 456, 488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A fairly large fly averaging 12.25 mm (11–13/4) in length. Basal half of tarsal claws darkened: orange, brown or black; thorax brown to reddish-brown; wing without brown spot on crossvein r-m; abdomen shiny metallic blue to purple; wing with section IV about 0.41. Male terminalia distinctive, in lateral view, cercus long and curved forward (Figs 17–18). Female terminalia as in Fig. 283; spermathecae tuberform, shorter than in other species of Laneella (Fig. 371).</p> <p>Description. Male [three specimens known]. Head. Frons 0.02/3 of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital, frontal vitta, parafacial and gena dark orange; frontal setae ascending 40% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta dark, obliterated about midway; gena with typical row of setae and with scattered dark setae; postgena and occiput dark with silvery tomentum and fine golden setae, median occipital sclerite shiny black; antenna dark orange except distal 2/3 of arista black; palpus typical; eye with median facets 3x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, ocelli equal in size; facial ridge with long, stout black supravibrissal setae ascending facial ridge to about 40% of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax brown to dark orange with heavy yellowish tomentum and irregular bare, shiny brown areas; pleura a dark orange; chaetotaxy: ac 2:3, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae typical; 1 pair converging ap; 1 sa, 2 lat, 1 bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles brown. Legs dark orange. Wing hyaline; subcostal sclerite without setae, with heavy pubescence only; basicosta orange; tegula dark orange; section IV 0.46 (0.41–0.51/3) of section III; upper and lower calypters dark brown; rim of upper calypter dark with short setae, rim of lower calypter brown with long reddish-brown setae.</p> <p>Abdomen shiny metallic blue to purple with heavy white tomentum, T1+2 orange tinted; T3 with long slender lateral marginal setae, T4 with row of long slender marginal setae; disc of T5 without row of stout setae, whole segment with long fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus parallel-sided, angling slightly forward; cercus large, robust, arching backward then curving forward in lower half (Fig. 17); in posterior view cercus broad at base, gradually narrowing to tip (Fig. 18); phallus in lateral view with long slender epiphallus curving posteriorly (Fig. 107); in dorsal view hypophallic lobes large and circular (Fig. 108); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 196; ST1–5 as in Fig. 240.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons broad, 0.32 (0.30–0.33/3) of head width at narrowest. T6 flattened, parallel-sided; T7 and T8 divided as separate sclerites; posterior edge of epiproct recessed midway (Fig. 283); ST 6 in shape of inverted pear, ST8 divided, ST6–8 unusually narrow (Fig. 327); spermathecae tuberform (Fig. 371), about half as long as in other Laneella; ST1–5 broad with stout, dark setae (Fig. 412).</p> <p>Egg. Of Phaonia - type [A. Grzywacz, pers. comm.; see Skidmore (1985) and Grzywacz et al. (2012)]. Translucent white, elongated, with dorsal surface flat or slightly concave and ventral surface convex, appearing to have a fully-developed eggshell ready for oviposition (Fig. 9). Micropyle at anterior pole set in a funnel-shaped area surrounded by slightly raised folds; posterior pole rounded. Median area on whole dorsal surface of egg broad, with broadly foliate hatching pleats throughout its entire length; hatching pleats probably with hexagonal pattern [detailed SEM investigation required]; hatching pleats simple along entire margin, not denticulate. Remaining egg chorion with distinct hexagonal pattern.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂♦* (TLW444) (Mexico, Federal; USNM; Fig. 456), labeled: R.E. P.S. A. [= Ecological Reserve of Pedegral of San Angel] Ciudad / de MEXICO / 25 Noviembre-15 / Troncoso D. / Trampa NTP-80; Troncoso D. / Nuñez C.; HOLOTYPE / Laneella / fuscosquamata / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀ ♦ (TLW445): same data as holotype (USNM).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Mexico, Mexico. 1 ♀, Chapingo, 17.viii.1957, Wm. W. Gibson (WSUP); 1 ♀, Cantera Oriente, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F., CPL493, C. Pedraza (UNAM). Chiapas, Union Juárez Municipality: 1 ♂*, 2 ♂♂, Ta- cana Chiquihuite, Pico de Gallo, 1.xii.2017, T. pitfall, T3, Luis López &amp; Jorge León Cortéz (ECOSC-E); 2 ♀♀, same data except Rio Malá, 9.viii.2018 (ECOSC-E). Guatemala, Guatemala. 1 ♀ *, Puerta Parada, 14°55ʹ66ʺN 90°46ʹ33ʺS, 1850 m, summer 2016, Malaise trap, Jack Schuster (UVGC).</p> <p>Distribution. Guatemala, Mexico.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is superficially similar to some species of the blow fly genus Calliphora Robineau- Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae).</p> <p>The description of the egg is based on a subsample out of ca. 75 eggs extracted from the dissected abdomen of a female paratype of L. fuscosquamata sp. nov. from Chiapas, Mexico (Fig. 9). To our knowledge, this is the first record of a mesembrinellid with eggs. Another female of this species was dissected, but no eggs or larvae were found in the abdomen. Out of several hundred dissections of females of many species of mesembrinellids, this was the first in which we encountered eggs, though early instar larvae were often encountered in other species. A female of L. purpurea sp. nov., which clustered near L. fuscosquamata in the NJ tree (Fig. 488), was dissected and an early instar larva was found in the abdomen, but no eggs.</p> <p>Guimar„es (1977) suggested that Laneella is the most primitive genus of this family, which may explain the egg-laying habit of one of its species. Compared to other Laneella, the ovipositor in L. fuscosquamata has T7 divided (vs. T7 is continuous in other Laneella), which may reflect an egg-laying vs. larviparous habit.</p> <p>Two specimens (TLW 444–445) were barcoded and formed a distinct cluster near L. purpurea in our NJ tree (Fig. 488).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name fuscosquamata is a combination of the Latin fusco (dusky) and squama (scale), which reflects the dark brown upper and lower calypters of both sexes.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F20FFF5FF19B8B6379DFD34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F1AFFF3FF19B8FE359FF874.text	03DA87E60F1AFFF3FF19B8FE359FF874.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laneella nigripes Guimaraes 1977	<div><p>Laneella nigripes Guimarães, 1977</p> <p>(Figs 19–20, 109–110, 197, 241, 284, 328, 372, 413, 488)</p> <p>Laneella nigripes Guimar „es, 1977: 57. Holotype male (MZSP), not examined. Type locality: Salesópolis, S„o Paulo, Brazil.</p> <p>Laneella nigripes: Vargas &amp; Wood (2009: 1301); Wolff et al. (2013a: 59); Kosmann et al. (2013); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella nigripes: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized shiny dark brown fly averaging 10.7 mm (10–11/3) in length. Black postocular setae only extending 2/3 of way to gena vs. black postocular setae extending all the way to gena in L. perisi; palpus slen- der, dark brown to black vs. orange in L. perisi; fore and mid trochanters and femora dark brown (hind ones sometimes yellow) vs. trochanter and femora yellow in L. perisi; basal half of tarsal claw white in both L. nigripes and L. perisi (Fig. 10), darkened orange, brown or black in other Laneella (Fig. 11); wing with distinct infuscation along the length of the costa, vs. only distal end of wing infuscated in L. perisi; T4 with whitish tomentum on anterior half vs. with four large spots of whitish tomentum midsegment in L. perisi.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.015/1 of head width at narrowest; fronto-orbital and parafacial pale orange with heavy silvery tomentum; frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; frontal vitta dull orange with pale tomentum, obliterated about midway; gena yellowish, anterior half with dark setae, rear half with pale setae; postgena yellowish with pale setae; occiput with pale tomentum and yellow-gold setae, median occipital sclerite shiny dark orange; antenna: pedicel, first flagellomere, and arista dark orange; eye with median facets about 4x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle tiny, anterior ocellus about 1.5x size of posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae brown, in cluster at base of facial ridge, like in L. perisi.</p> <p>Thorax with dorsum and pleural areas orange-brown; dorsum with four whitish tomentose stripes. Chaetotaxy: ac 2:3, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae long, slender and tan; 1 pair converging ap, sa absent, 1 lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles pale yellow, medium in size. Legs. Trochanters and femora dark brown (sometimes yellowish on hind leg), vs. yellow in L. perisi. Wing infuscated along anterior edge of costa, from subcosta-costa junction posteriorly to R 4+5 and distally to wing tip; subcostal sclerite bare, basicosta orange, tegula brown; section IV 0.26 of section III; discs of calypters tan; rim of upper calypter brown with short dark setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long pale setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 with anterior half yellow-orange, posterior half brown; T3 with anterior half yellow, posterior half brown; T4 with solid band of pale tomentum along anterior half; T4 and T5 dark brown, each with row of stout marginal setae; disc of T5 without row of stout setae, whole segment with short fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with small epandrium, long slender surstylus and cercus curving slightly posteriorly (Fig. 19); in posterior view, cerci broad at base, gradually tapering to tip (Fig. 20); phallus in lateral view with long, slender epiphallus curving posteriorly (Fig. 109); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes broad and somewhat circular with coarse serrations (Fig. 110); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 197; ST1–5 as in Fig. 241.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.26/2 of head width at narrowest, eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets. Terminalia with T6 of FU shape; T7 anterior edge with semicircular depressed area midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 284); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 328; spermathecae tuberform (Fig. 372); ST1–5 as in Fig. 413.</p> <p>Material examined. Brazil, Federal. 1 ♂*, 1 ♀ *, Rio de Janeiro, ix.1938, M.E.S. Bras. (USNM). São Paulo. 1 ♀, Boraceia, Salesopolis, 15.iii.1972 (NHMUK); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW385), Santo Andre, R.B.A. da <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.308056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.779444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.308056/lat -23.779444)">Sierra de Paranapiacaba</a>, 23°46ʹ46ʺS 46°18ʹ29ʺW, 21.xii.2010, Malaise 3, M. Sato, S. Nihei (MZSP); 1 ♂, same data except 19.iv–23.v.2011, Malaise 1, P. Moll, F. Gudin. (MZSP).</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil. Bonatto (2001) also listed it from Paraguay.</p> <p>Remarks. A single specimen was barcoded during this study (TLW 385) and two additional sequences were taken from GenBank (KR820705, KR820706). All sequences clustered together close to L. fusconitida and L. patriciae (Fig. 488). The genetic distance between L. nigripes and L. fusconitida is 11%, as is the distance between L. nigripes and L. patriciae.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F1AFFF3FF19B8FE359FF874	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F1DFFF2FF19B97E35EBF822.text	03DA87E60F1DFFF2FF19B97E35EBF822.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laneella patriciae (Wolff 2013)	<div><p>Laneella patriciae (Wolff, 2013)</p> <p>Mesembrinella patriciae Wolff, 2013: 121. Holotype male (CEUA), not examined. Type locality: Filandia, Quindio, Colombia. [NB: originally placed under Mesembrinella, later moved to Laneella based on DNA analysis and the examination of spermathecae which revealed they are tuberform like other Laneella (Marinho et al. 2017).]</p> <p>Laneella patriciae: Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 870); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella patriciae: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly averaging 9.4 mm (9–10/5) in length. Abdomen bluish to purple-green vs. shiny brown in L. fusconitida sp. nov.; mid and hind femora with apices dark brown in L. patriciae vs. entirely orange in L. fusconitida; male with surstylus straight in L. patriciae vs. curved forward in L. fusconitida. This species is very similar to L. fusconitida, both sharing the distinctive tuberform spermathecae and brown spot around crossvein r-m.</p> <p>Redescription. [Summarized from Wolff (2013).] Male. Head. Frons narrow (holoptic); fronto-orbital, parafacial and gena yellow with silvery tomentum; frontal vitta reddish-brown, obliterated above; postgena and occiput with white tomentum and fine long pale setae; antenna orange and palpus typical; postocular setae extending to gena. Dorsum of thorax reddish-brown with white tomentum and testaceous stripes; ppn and pleura orange with fine white tomentum; spiracles pale yellow. Coxae, trochanters and femora orange; mid and hind femora with dark reddish-brown apices; chaetotaxy: ac 2:3, dc 2:3, ia 1:2, kat 2:1, ppn 3x 3, meral setae in form of inverted L; ap scutellar setae 1:1. Wing hyaline with brown spot around crossvein r-m; subcosta bare; section IV about 0.30 of III (estimated from Wolff 2013: fig. 1); calypters with dark rims. Abdomen with dorsum bluish to greenish-purple except T1+2 yellow; T1+2 and T3 with lateral marginal setae; T4 and T5 with rows of marginal setae; disc of T5 without row of stout setae, whole segment with short fine setae. T6 partially fused with T7+8; pregonite apically truncated; tip of paraphallus with dorsal line of denticles; hypophallus shorter than paraphallus; epiphallus long and thin; cercus and surstylus slightly curved backward in lateral view (see Wolff 2013: fig. 2).</p> <p>Female. Dichoptic, frons broad and reddish-brown.</p> <p>Material examined. None (no specimens could be obtained for examination).</p> <p>Distribution. Colombia.</p> <p>Remarks. A single sequence of this species from GenBank (KR820718) was added to our molecular analysis. It was distinct from other species and was recovered close to L. fusconitida sp. nov. (Fig. 488) with a genetic divergence of 3.84%, which supports them as two separate species; this is supported also by the several morphological differences as listed above.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F1DFFF2FF19B97E35EBF822	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F12FFFCFF19BABE35AFFCA4.text	03DA87E60F12FFFCFF19BABE35AFFCA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laneella perisi (Mariluis 1987)	<div><p>Laneella perisi (Mariluis, 1987)</p> <p>(Figs 10, 21–22, 111–112, 198 a–d, 242, 285, 329, 373, 414, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella perisi Mariluis, 1987: 107. Holotype male [depository not given], not examined. Type locality: Ecuador.</p> <p>Laneella perisi: Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff et al. (2013a: 59) (new combination); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 867); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella perisi: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized reddish-brown fly similar to L. nigripes and averaging 11.4 mm (11–12/5) in length. Black postocular setae extending all the way to gena; palpus typical, orange and robust, whereas in L. nigripes it is slender and dark brown. Wing with distinctive faint darkened area on distal 1/3, also with faint darkened area near distal end of CuA2; base of tarsal claw white, as in L. nigripes (Fig. 10). T4 with 4 large spots of silver tomentum vs. solid silvery tomentum on anterior half in L. nigripes.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.012 (0.010 –0.015 /5) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital with silvery tomentum over orange cuticle, fronto-orbitals touching midway; frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; frontal vitta dark orange, obliterated about midway; parafacial bright silvery; gena dull orange with irregular silvery tomentum, horizontal row of stout setae along ventral ridge, and scattered small dark setae; postgena pale orange with few dark setae anteriorly, otherwise with long golden setae; occiput with silvery tomentum and golden setae; postocular row of short, dark setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark orange; antenna orange, first flagellomere and arista dull orange-brown; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 4x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle tiny, ocelli about equal in size; supravibrissal setae in cluster at base of frontal ridge, ascending only about 1/8 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax with dorsum and pleural areas orange-brown; dorsum with four whitish tomentose stripes alternating with three dark orange areas. Chaetotaxy: ac 2:3, dc 2:3. ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae long, tan and slen- der, 1 pair converging ap, 1 sa, 1 weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles medium-sized, pale yellow. Legs: femora orange, tibiae and tarsi dark brown with black setae. Wing with distal third infuscated, darker near costa, with another dark area near distal end of CuA2; subcostal sclerite bare, with tan tomentum; basicosta golden, tegula tan; section IV 0.25 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters tan; rim of upper calypter dark with short reddish setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long reddish setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 with anterior 2/3 yellow, posterior 1/3 dark brown with small yellow section midway; anterior half of T3 with pale tomentum, posterior half dark brown; T4 dark brown with four pale spots of whitish tomentum midway; T5 dark brown with irregular pale setae; T3 with 2–3 stout lateral marginal setae; T4–5 with row of stout marginal setae; disc of T5 without row of stout setae, whole segment with short fine setae. Terminalia in lateral and posterior views with surstyli and cerci very similar to those of L. nigripes (Figs 21–22); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus slightly broader than in L. nigripes; in dorsal view hypophallic lobe rounded, with coarse serrations (Figs 111–112); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 198; ST2–5 broader than in L. nigripes (Fig. 242).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.268 (0.26–0.27/5) of head width at narrowest, eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets, ocellar triangle large, anterior ocellus larger than posterior. T6 of FU shape, almost flat; T7 continuous with semicircular posterior depression midway; T8 as two separate sclerites, epiproct bilobed (Fig. 285); ST6–7 and hypoproct as in Fig. 329; spermathecae distinctly tuberform (Fig. 373); ST1–5 slender compared to other Laneella spp. (Fig. 414).</p> <p>Material examined. Colombia, Meta. 1 ♀, 23 km N.W.Villavicencio Qbda. Susanunco, 1000 m, 5.iii.1972, S. &amp; J. Peck (CNC). Costa Rica, Alajuela. 1 ♂, R.B. San Ramón, 1100 m, 26–31.viii.1996, L_N_ 240100 470100 #6217, G. Carballo (INBIO); 1 ♀ *, R.B. San Ramón, 800 m, 29.i–3.ii.1995, L_N_244100 470100 #5451, G. Carballo (IN- BIO); 5 ♀♀, R.B. San Ramón, 800 m, 28.xi–3.xii.1994, L_N_245100 472100 #3332, G. Carballo (INBIO); 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀, Sector Colonia Palmarena, 9 km SO. De Bajo Rodriguez, 700 m, 2–23.vii.1997, Malaise, L _N_245900 475900 347903, G. Carballo (INBIO); 1 ♀, La Fortuna, Sector Catarata, 500 m, i.1998, L_N_268500 462500 #48836, G. Carballo (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW275), Upala P.N. volcau Teuorio, Albergue Helicouias, 700 m, 29.xii.2007, colecta Libre, L_N_299100 422600 #95882, M.A. Zumbado. (INBIO). Cartago. 1 ♂*, Pejibaye Estación, Biológica Copal Sendero Ron Ron 1090 m, 5–13.iv.2005, D. Gutierrez (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW272), 2 ♀♀, Turrialba M.N. Guayabo, Send. Monuculos, 1100–1200 m, 8–12.v.2007, Interseccion, L _N_217200 570300 #91254, Moraga, Azofeifa, Gonzalez, Navarro (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW271), same data except 7–8.v.2007, #91200. Guanacaste. 1 ♂, Est. Pittilla, 9 km S. Sta Cecilla, Sendero Nacho, 700 m, ii.1994, L_N_330200 380200 #2752, Malaise, E. Araya (INBIO). Heredia. 1 ♂, El Plastico 700 m, Las Horquetas de Sarapiqui, 17.iii.1993, L_N_253000 532000, H. Vargas (INBIO).</p> <p>Puntarenas. 1 ♂, Rancho Quemado, 200 m, Península de Osa, ix.1991, L_S_292500 511000, F. Quesada (INBIO). San José. 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW273), Tarrazu. San Carlos, Camino a Rios Paraiso, 800 m, 3–4.v.2006, L_S_392748 448892 #86033, B. Gamboa, M. Moraga, J.A. Azofeifa (INBIO); 1 ♂, Zurquí de Moravia, North pasture, 1600 m, 16.xii.2012, bait trap with pig dung, #105697, ZADBI (INBIO). French Guiana. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW274), 1 ♀, Kaw Moun- tain, N0433581 W 05212428, 310 m bait trap, 8.ii.2008, T.L. Whitworth (TW).</p> <p>Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana. Bonatto (2001) listed Ecuador and Brazil.</p> <p>Remarks. Five specimens (TLW 271–275) were barcoded; they formed two distinct clusters: one including four specimens from Costa Rica, the other including one specimen from French Guiana (Fig. 488) with a genetic distance of 4.8%. This suggests that the French Guiana specimen belongs to a separate species. The morphology of this specimen was intermediate between the typical L. perisi and L. nigripes, but the latter was even more different with a 10% genetic divergence. No other specimens of this species were found between Costa Rica and French Guiana, and geographical separation likely explains this divergence. The French Guiana specimen is like L. perisi in wing infuscation and palpus color (except for the darkened tip, as in L. nigripes) and has T4 with pale spots. It is like L. nigripes in having mid and hind femora dark on distal half, not all black, and postocular setae orange; T6–8 of female also looks more like L. nigripes. Further studies are needed to determine whether this specimen belongs to a separate species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F12FFFCFF19BABE35AFFCA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F13FFFFFF19B94E351BFABC.text	03DA87E60F13FFFFFF19B94E351BFABC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laneella purpurea Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Laneella purpurea Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 23–24, 113–114, 199, 243, 286, 330, 374, 415, 457, 488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly averaging 11.4 mm (10–12/5) in length. A distinctive fly, thorax and abdomen purple-blue; head with dark orange to reddish-brown parafacial and orange antenna; basal wing cells and veins darkened. Male surstylus and cercus as in Figs 23–24. Female with ends of T6 curving forward when flattened, unlike any other known species (Fig. 286).</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.015 (0.01–0.02/5) of head width at narrowest, about half width of anterior ocellus. Fronto-orbital and frontal vitta orange-brown with silvery tomentum, frontal vitta obliterated midway, frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; parafacial orange, narrow, about equal to width of first flagellomere; gena with horizontal row of black setae, anterior edge orange, remaining 1/2 to 2/3 dark orange with silvery tomentum; postgenal vestiture dark with silvery tomentum, anterior half with dark setae, posterior half with pale setae; upper edge of occiput with short, dense, unarranged dark setae, remainder with pale silky setae; median occipital sclerite shiny black; pedicel and first flagellomere orange; palpus typical; eye with median facets only slightly larger than lateral facets; ocellar triangle small with small ocelli about equal in size; supravibrissal setae on facial ridge ascending halfway to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax with dorsum and pleural area purple-blue with weak whitish tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 2:3, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae typical; 1 pair converging ap, sa 1, lat 1, stout bas 1, weak pb 1, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; anterior spiracle large and tan; posterior spiracle large and darker brown; legs brown, tarsal claws brown with black tip. Wing hyaline, wing base with veins and cells darkened; subcostal sclerite without setae, with fine pubescence; basicosta and tegula dark brown; section IV 0.35 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters and rims entirely black.</p> <p>Abdomen subshining purple-blue with weak, whitish tomentum; posterior lateral margin of T3 with 4x 4 stout setae; T4 with marginal row of stout, erect setae that wrap around lateral area of abdomen; T5 covered with dense, long, slender erect setae, which could be confused with the discal setae seen in the aeneiventris species-group but which are much denser, slenderer, and not in a distinct row. Terminalia distinctive; in lateral view epandrium small with large robust cercus arching backward then curving forward in apical half; surstylus smaller, curving only slightly forward (Fig. 23); in posterior view cerci with basal 2/3 broad, distal 1/3 narrowed to a rounded tip (Fig. 24); phallus in lateral view with long slender epiphallus with slight bend posteriorly (Fig. 113); in dorsal view hypophallic lobes rounded with fine serrations (Fig. 114); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 199; ST1–5 as in Fig. 243.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.288 (0.28–0.30/5) of head width at narrowest, and frons black. T6 of FU shape, slightly curved forward; T7 bilobed, with deep incision anteriorly; T8 as two separate sclerites (Fig. 286); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 330; spermathecae tuberform (Fig. 374); ST1–5 as in Fig. 415. [NB: the FU shape of T6 is distinctive because it is not inverted, whereas it is inverted in all other known species of Laneella.]</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Costa Rica, Cartago; INBIO; Fig. 457), labeled: Rio Dos Amigos, P.N. Tapantí, Prov. Carta, [= Cartago Province] / COSTA RICA. 1450 m. Jul 1994, G. Mora, / L N 187600_560250 #3184; COSTA RICA INBIO / CRI002 / 038481; HOLOTYPE / Laneella / purpurea / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀: Costa Rica, San José. Zurquí de / Moravia, North Pasture, 1600 m, 28.ii.2013 / bait trap with fish, ZADBI-512/ #106177 (LACM).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Bolivia, La Paz. 1 ♀, Botanical garden, 16.xi.1974, K.G. Parker (LACM). Costa Rica, Cartago. 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW295), Tapantí [P.N.], 01.vii.2005 (CEUA); Heredia. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW297), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.083336/lat 10.266666)">16 km SSE La Virgen</a>, 10°16ʹN 84°05ʹW, 1150 m, 9–14.iii.2001, flight intercept trap, primary forest, E.G. Riley (TAMU). Puntarenas. 1 ♂*, Monteverde, 24–29.ii.1980, 1500 m, G. &amp; M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♀, same data except 20–25.viii.1991, D.M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♀, same data except 18–24.viii.1987, G. &amp; M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♀, same data except 20–24.vi.1986, W. Hanson, G. Bohart (LACM). San José. 1 ♂*, 1 ♀ *, 2 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.02&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.02/lat 10.05)">Tower</a> path, 1600 m, 10.05°N 84.02°W, 1600 m, 19–26.viii.2013, fish bait trap, ZADBI-957 #107277 (LACM); 1 ♂*, 1 ♀ *, 10 ♀♀, same data except 2–9.viii.2013, ZADBI-996 #107515 (LACM); 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀, same data except 16–23.vii.2013, ZADBI-1088 #107690 (LACM); 4 ♀♀, same data except 9–16.viii.2013, ZADBI-1022 #107541 (LACM); 2 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, North pasture 1600 m, 28.ii.2013, bait trap with fish, ZADBI-512 #106177 (LACM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW296), Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path 1600 m, 21–29.vii. 2012, 250 m, Emergence trap over twigs mushrooms, ZADBI- 364 #105692 (LACM); 1 ♀, Zurquí de Moravia, creek 2, 21.x.2012, bait trap with chicken, ZADBI-129 #105233 (LACM).</p> <p>Distribution. This species is known only from Bolivia, Costa Rica. It is found primarily in western, wetter areas of Costa Rica. It may also inhabit similar areas of northern Nicaragua and southern Panama.</p> <p>Remarks. Three specimens (TLW 295–297) were barcoded and formed a distinct cluster close to L. fuscosquamata sp. nov. (Fig. 488). Laneella purpurea sp. nov. is superficially very similar to Lucilia purpurascens (Walker, 1836) (Calliphoridae) and was found mixed with this species in collections from Costa Rica, though the reniform posterior spiracle of L. purpurea sp. nov. readily separates the two. The dense setae on the disc of T5 resemble those in the aeneiventris species-group; however, the setae are thinner and denser, forming no distinct row, which separates it from that group.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name purpurea reflects the distinctive purple color of this fly, from the Latin purpureus (purple). This species superficially resembles the widespread and well-known Neotropical blow fly Lucilia purpurascens.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F13FFFFFF19B94E351BFABC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F10FFFFFF19BF8E34DFF862.text	03DA87E60F10FFFFFF19BF8E34DFF862.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos 1893	<div><p>Genus Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos, 1893</p> <p>Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos, 1893: 4. Type species: Musca quadrilineata Fabricius, 1805 sensu Giglio-Tos, 1893, by original designation. Misidentification, = Mesembrinella bellardiana Aldrich, 1922; teste James (1970). Herewith fixed under Article 70.3 of the Code (I.C.Z.N 1999).</p> <p>Mesembolia Aldrich, 1922: 10, as subgenus of Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos, 1893. Type species: Mesembrinella bellardiana Aldrich, 1922, by original designation.</p> <p>Eumesembrinella Townsend, 1931: 69. Type species: Musca quadrilineata Fabricius, 1805, by monotypy.</p> <p>Albuquerquea Mello, 1967: 10. Type species: Albuquerquea latifrons Mello, 1967, by original designation. Syn. nov.</p> <p>Henriquella Bonatto in Bonatto &amp; Marinoni, 2005: 887. Type species: Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich, 1925, by original designation. Syn. nov.</p> <p>Giovanella Bonatto in Bonatto &amp; Marinoni, 2005: 884. Type species: Giovanella bolivar Bonatto in Bonatto &amp; Marinoni, 2005: 884, by original designation. Syn. nov.</p> <p>Huascaromusca Townsend, 1918: 155. Type species: Huascaromusca cruciata Townsend, 1918 [= Dexia aeneiventris Wiedemann, 1830; teste Guimar„es (1977)], by original designation. Syn. nov.</p> <p>Promesembrinella Hall, 1948: 65. Type species: Mesembrinella semiflava Aldrich, 1925: 14, by original designation.</p> <p>Thompsoniella Guimar „es, 1977: 53. Type species: Thompsoniella anomala Guimar „es, 1977: 54, by original designation. Syn. nov.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F10FFFFFF19BF8E34DFF862	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F15FFFAFF19BABD31B1FBF5.text	03DA87E60F15FFFAFF19BABD31B1FBF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos 1893	<div><p>Key to species-groups of Mesembrinella</p> <p>1 Anterior thoracic spiracle with a broad oval opening above (Fig. 5); discal scutellar setae usually present (as in Fig. 194); disc of T5 with or without a row of discal setae (Fig. 8 shows T5 with row of discal setae) (not to be confused with discal setae on the scutellum); most species with 3x 3 postpronotal setae...................................................... 2</p> <p>- Anterior thoracic spiracle with a long, narrow opening gradually widening above (Fig. 6); discal scutellar setae absent; disc of T5 without row of stout setae; with 2x 2 postpronotal setae........... M. bolivar group [four species; formerly Giovanella]</p> <p>2 Male with epandrium large and elongate, broadly divided dorsally over its full length (as in Figs 104, 491), with surstyli and cerci tiny and at posterior end (Figs 27, 29); sternites much wider than long (ST4 about 4x wider than long), posterior edge of ST5 with pair of posteriorly-pointed projections midway [Fig 12 (see arrow), Figs. 245–246]; sternites shorter and partially hidden in M. mexicana sp. nov. (Fig. 245) [for lone females, terminalia should be dissected and examined; two species, M. mexicana sp. nov. and M. spicata, are similar (Figs 289–290), the other, M. guaramacalensis sp. nov., is as in Fig. 288]............................................................. M. spicata group [three species; formerly Henriquella]</p> <p>- Male with epandrium smaller, surstyli and cerci more typical, as in Figs 35–98, except M. anomala (Figs 99–100); sternites much narrower, often longer than wide, ST1–4 never more than 2x wider than long (Figs 247–279); posterior edge of ST5 without projections.................................................................................... 3</p> <p>3 Disc of T5 with horizontal row of stout setae (Fig. 8), rest of T5 with fine setulae. Male: surstylus usually more or less straight, parallel-sided; cercus curved anteriorly (as in Fig. 39); phallus usually significantly narrowed just anterior to hypophallic lobe (as in Fig. 130)...................................... M. aeneiventris group [13 species; formerly Huascaromusca]</p> <p>- Disc of T5 without horizontal row of stout setae midway, with short- to medium-length fine setae and setulae over whole surface, dense in most species but sparser in a few species; surstylus and cercus usually curving toward each other in lateral view (as in Fig. 63); phallus usually not significantly narrowed anterior to hypophallic lobe (Fig. 148)...................... 4</p> <p>4 Stem vein setose (Fig. 489); wing with dark infuscation along costa from subcosta-costa junction to R 2+3 -costa junction, including all of r 1 cell; section IV of wing 0.30 (0.27–0.33/5) of section III; male frons broad, 0.20 of head width at narrowest; cerci in posterior view right-angled midway (Fig. 26); female terminalia as in Fig. 287; [known only from Brazil]..................................................................... M. latifrons group [1 species; formerly Albuquerquea].</p> <p>- Stem vein usually bare; if setose, then other combination of characters different.................................... 5</p> <p>5 Male: T5 1.5– 2x as long as T4 (as in Fig. 496); terminalia very unusual, with surstylus short and broad and cercus small and slender (Figs 99–100). Female T6 of FU shape with broad division midway (M. anomala, Fig. 324; condition unknown in M. andina)................................................. M. anomala group [2 species; formerly Thompsoniella]</p> <p>- Male: T4 and T5 of equal length; terminalia unlike those in Figs 99–100. Female T6 without a broad division (except in M. decrepita)................................................................... M. bicolor group [22 species].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F15FFFAFF19BABD31B1FBF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F15FFE5FF19BEC63647FC14.text	03DA87E60F15FFE5FF19BEC63647FC14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella latifrons (Mello 1967)	<div><p>Mesembrinella latifrons (Mello, 1967)</p> <p>(Figs 25–26, 115–116, 200, 244, 287, 331, 416)</p> <p>Albuquerquea latifrons Mello, 1967: 10. Holotype male (FIOC), not examined. Type locality: Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</p> <p>Albuquerquea latifrons: Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 138); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella latifrons: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A small to medium-sized reddish-brown fly, averaging 9.4 mm (8–11/5) in length. T5 with faint bluish reflections; dorsum of stem vein setose, with sparse, dark setae; anterior edge of wing with dark infuscation; subcostal sclerite with long golden setae. This species resembles M. bellardiana, but in M. latifrons wing section IV 0.28 of section III, while in M. bellardiana, wing section IV 0.67 of section III. Male frons broad, 0.195 of head width, at narrowest, while it is much narrower in males of M. bellardiana (0.05 of head width at narrowest). Epandrium, cerci and surstyli in posterior view are distinctive, distal third of surstylus with 90° bend in posterior view (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.195 (0.19–0.20/2) of head width at narrowest; fronto-orbital orange with short row of weak frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; parafacial bare and pale gold; gena of pale orange ground color, covered with fine orange setae and with short horizontal row of dark, stouter setae; postgena like gena but with longer golden setae; occiput with silvery tomentum and pale orange setae; postocular with row of short, dark setae; median occipital sclerite shiny orange; palpus typical; eye facets uniformly small; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae orange, ascending about halfway up facial ridge.</p> <p>Dorsum of thorax dark orange with faint narrow pale stripes of tomentum alternating with bare orange areas; pleural area pale orange; ac, 2:1; dc, 2:3;ia, 2; ph, 1; ppn, 3x 3; kat, 2:1, meral setae in straight line, without horizontal portion, the upper seta slightly anterior to line; 1 pair parallel ap; 0 sa,0 lat; 1 stout bas; weak pb; 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles small and pale orange; upper and lower calypters pale orange; rim of upper calypter sooty with reddish setae, rim of lower calypter white, also with reddish setae; legs entirely orange. Wing: anterior edge with long dark infuscation along costa; subcostal sclerite with long golden cilia; basicosta and tegula orange; dorsum of stem vein with a few dark setae; section IV 0.28 of section III.</p> <p>Abdomen. T3 with pair of lateral marginal setae; T4–5 each with row of stout marginal setae; whole surface of T5 disc with medium length, sparse, weak setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus sharply curved backward (Fig. 25); in posterior view surstyli with 90° bend in lower third, cerci ending in abrupt tip (Fig. 26); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus sharply curved posteriorly (Fig. 115); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes bulging well beyond paraphallic hooks laterally (Fig. 116); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite and ejaculatory sclerite as in Fig. 200; ST1–5 as in Fig. 244.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons fairly narrow, 0.256 (0.25–0.26/3) of head width at narrowest. T6 exceptionally thick, of RV shape; T7 continuous, narrowed midway below; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 287); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 331; spermathecae filiform (not found in dissection, but Guimar„es (1977) confirmed filiform); ST1–5 as in Fig. 416.</p> <p>Material examined. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. 1 ♂*, 1 ♀, Dist. Federal, iv.1938, [no collector] (NHMUK). Sao Paulo. 1 ♂*, Salesópolis, Estación Biológica Boracéia, 8.xi.1971, J.H. Guimarães (NHMUK); 1 ♀, same data ex- cept ii.1973, F.C. Vol (LACM); 1 ♂, Boracéia, 20.iii.1968, H.S. Lopes (CNC).</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is uncommon and few specimens were available for study. The male terminalia are distinctive. No specimens were barcoded.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F15FFE5FF19BEC63647FC14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F0AFFE5FF19B9DE301BFA70.text	03DA87E60F0AFFE5FF19B9DE301BFA70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich. 1925	<div><p>Mesembrinella spicata species-group</p> <p>Recognition. The M. spicata species-group is represented by three species, Mesembrinella spicata and two new species, M. guaramacalensis sp. nov. and M. mexicana sp. nov. These species share anterior spiracle of normal shape, with a broad oval opening above (Fig. 5) and males with exceptionally broad rectangular sternites and ST5 with two prominent posterior projections [Fig 12 (see arrow), Figs. 245–246]; male with large epandrium (as in Fig. 29), T6 and STS 7+8 fused and base of epandrium prominent with small cerci and surstyli at the posterior end (Figs 27–30). Males of the known species have epandrium with broad division mid-dorsally (as in Fig. 491). The male of M. guaramacalensis sp. nov. is unknown, but we believe its terminalia will be similar, since barcodes place this species very close to the other two species (Fig. 488). The anomala species-group has similar epandrium, cerci and surstyli, but the shape is much different (Figs 99–100). The few examined females of M. mexicana sp. nov. and M. spicata have one to four stout discal setae on T5 like in the aeneiventris species-group. The holotype and paratype (both female) of M. guaramacalensis sp. nov. do not have stout discal setae on T5.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F0AFFE5FF19B9DE301BFA70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F0AFFE5FF19BC3231B0F8C4.text	03DA87E60F0AFFE5FF19BC3231B0F8C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich. 1925	<div><p>Key to species of the M. spicata species-group</p> <p>1. Disc, rim and fringe of setae of upper and lower calypters white; anterior spiracle yellowish. Male with short posterior projections medially on ST5 (Fig. 245); epandrium, cerci and surstyli distinctive, as in Figs 27–28; female terminalia distinctive, as in Fig. 289.......................................................................... M. mexicana sp. nov.</p> <p>- Discs of upper and lower calypters light tan to brown with dark rim and brown fringe; anterior spiracle brown [M. spicata] or yellow [M. guaramacalensis]. Male with long projections medially on ST5 [M. spicata], [condition unknown in M. guaramacalensis]; female terminalia distinctive, Figs. 288, 290........................................................ 2</p> <p>2 Anterior thoracic spiracle brown; T4 without marginal row of stout setae in both sexes; male with the rear margin of ST5 with pair of long projections midway (Figs. 12, 246); female T6 of RV shape................................... M. spicata</p> <p>- Anterior thoracic spiracle yellow; T4 with marginal row of stout setae; [condition of ST 5 in male unknown]; female terminalia distinctive; T6 of WU shape (Fig. 288).............................................. M. guaramacalensis sp. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F0AFFE5FF19BC3231B0F8C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F0BFFE0FF19BD3D3545FB10.text	03DA87E60F0BFFE0FF19BD3D3545FB10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella guaramacalensis Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella guaramacalensis Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 288, 332, 375, 417, 487–488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly averaging 10 mm (9–11/2) in length. Discs of upper and lower calypters light tan to brown, with brown fringe; anterior spiracle yellow vs. brown in M. spicata; T4 with marginal row of setae vs. without marginal row of setae in M. spicata; male unknown, female terminalia as in Fig. 288.</p> <p>Description. Female. Frons 0.245 0.24–0.25/2 of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital yellow with pale yellow tomentum; frontal vitta dark orange below, brown above; parafacial mostly orange with yellow tomentum, posterior 1/4 dark with pale tomentum; gena with short horizontal row of 4 stout setae midway and scattering of fine dark setae overall; postgena dark silvery with fine yellow setae; occiput dark, like postgena, with silvery tomentum and fine yellow setae, median occipital sclerite shiny dark brown; antenna bright orange, arista orange at base, remainder tan; palpus typical; eye with median facets 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, ocelli of equal size; facial ridge with only two dark supravibrissal setae and some small brown setae clustered at base.</p> <p>Thorax without stripes on dorsum, bluish with heavy, irregular pale tomentum; pleura blue with pale tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair converging ap, sa absent, 1 lat, 1 stout bas, 1 pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; anterior spiracle medium-sized, yellow, posterior spiracle medium-sized, brown; legs entirely brown. Wing hyaline; subcostal sclerite bare; basicosta tan, tegula brown; section IV 0.16 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters brown; rim of upper calypter with short dark brown setae, rim of lower calypter with long dark brown setae.</p> <p>Abdomen entirely purple with whitish tomentum; T4–5 with marginal rows of stout setae; T5 without discal setae, with only short fine setae. Terminalia. T6 of WU shape, T7 short and broad, recessed along rear edge midway, T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 288); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 332; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 375); ST1–5 as in Fig. 417.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀ ♦* (TLW294) (Venezuela, Trujillo; MJMO; Fig. 487), labeled: VENEZUELA Trujillo / P.N. Guaramacal 1480 m / 11–16 /VI/2002 / 9°19ʹ021 N– 70°15ʹ480 W; T. Amarilla / R. Briceño; J. Clavijo; R. Paz, F. Díaz; L. Joly; A. / Chacón / Proyecto S 1-2000000479; HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / guaramacalensis / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀ ♦ (TLW293): same data as holotype except 14–20.ii.2002 (MJMO).</p> <p>Distribution. Venezuela.</p> <p>Remarks. Known only from two females from Venezuela. The two female specimens (TLW 293–294) were barcoded and the sequence data place them in the spicata group, in a distinct cluster near M. mexicana sp. nov. (Fig. 488). Barcodes show that this species has a 4% genetic distance from M. mexicana and an 8% genetic distance from M. spicata.</p> <p>Etymology. The name guaramacalensis refers to the type locality of the new species, Guaramacal National Park in Venezuela.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F0BFFE0FF19BD3D3545FB10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F0FFFE3FF19BED237E3FBA0.text	03DA87E60F0FFFE3FF19BED237E3FBA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella mexicana Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella mexicana Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 27–28, 117–118, 201, 245, 289, 333, 376, 418, 458, 488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A small bluish fly averaging 9.2mm (8–10/5) in length. Calypters white, including discs, rims and setal fringe vs. discs light tan, rims and setal fringe dark in M. spicata; anterior spiracle yellowish vs. anterior spiracle brown in M. spicata; male with short projections from rear of ST5 (Fig. 245) vs. male with long projections in M. spicata (Figs. 12, 246); epandrium, cerci and surstyli distinctive (Figs 27–28) vs. epandrium, cerci and surstyli in M. spicata as in Figs 29, 30; females sometimes with disc of T5 with three or four stout setae (suggesting the aeneiventris species-group); female, T4 with at least a partial row of marginal setae dorsally.</p> <p>Description. Male. Frons broad, 0.126 (0.120 –0.130 /5) of head width at narrowest; about twice the width of parafacial at level of lunule. Fronto-orbital from faint grayish to faint yellowish, frontal setae ascending about 25% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta with lower 1/3 yellow and upper 2/3 black; parafacial and gena bright yellow-gold, setae on gena typical; postgena with silvery tomentum and fine yellow-gold setae; occiput with silvery tomentum and fine yellow setae, median occipital sclerite with pale tomentum; pedicel and first flagellomere bright yellow, arista with brown base and black tip; palpus typical; eye with median facets not larger than lateral facets; ocellar triangle large, ocelli small and similar in size; supravibrissal setae short and in double row ascending about 1/4 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum with faint, pale tomentum and tomentose stripes; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ph 1, ia 0, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1, meral setae with horizonal portion of inverted L consisting of only one seta, 1 pair converging ap, 1 lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum prominently developed; anterior spiracle yellow, posterior spiracle light brown; legs entirely brown except joint between femora and tibiae yellowish. Wing hyaline; subcostal sclerite with pubescence only; basicosta orange, tegula brown; section IV 0.165 of section III; calypters pale; rim of upper calypter sometimes faintly darkened.</p> <p>Abdomen entirely blue with pale tomentum; T1+2–4 with a pair of lateral seta on each segment; no row of stout setae on the posterior margin of T4 or T5 or on disc of T5, disc with only fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with a tiny surstylus and cercus at the posterior end of a large epandrium (Fig. 27), in posterior view as in Fig. 28; phallus in lateral view with short stout epiphallus and large basiphallus extending ventrally (Fig. 117); in dorsal view anterior half very broad (Fig 118); pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerites, and hypandrium as in Fig. 201; ST2–5 very broad (Fig. 245), progressively wider to the rear like in M. spicata, ST5 exceptionally large with pair of pointed posterior projections, about half the length of those in M. spicata.</p> <p>Female [only two known]. Similar to male except frons 0.255 (0.25–0.26/2) of head width at narrowest, rows of stout setae on posterior margin of T4 and T5, and several (3 or 4) stout discal setae in horizontal row on T5, which would suggest placement in the aeneiventris species-group. T6 of RV shape; T7 with two well separated sclerites (Fig. 289); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 333; spermathecae filiform, as in Fig. 376; ST1–5 as in Fig. 418.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Mexico, Oaxaca; CNC; Fig. 458), labeled: MEXICO Oax [= Oaxaca] 1 km N / Portillo del Rayon / ca Km 188 1400m / 25.VII.92 D.M.Wood; HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / mexicana / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀ ♦ (TLW407): Mexico, Oaxaca. 1 km N Portillo del Rayon, ca km 188, 1400 m, 25.vii.1992, D.M. Wood (CNC).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Mexico, Oaxaca. 1 ♂♦* (TLW395), 2 ♂♂♦ (TLW346, 397), 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ♦* (TLW406), 1 km N Portillo del Rayon, ca km 188, 1400 m, 25.vii.1992, D.M. Wood (CNC).</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico.</p> <p>Remarks. Six specimens (TLW 377, TLW 395–397, TLW 406–407) were barcoded, and all sequences clustered together near M. guaramacalensis sp. nov. (Fig. 488). All type specimens were collected in the same location on the same day.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after its country of origin, Mexico.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F0FFFE3FF19BED237E3FBA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F0CFFE2FF19BE70378FFA54.text	03DA87E60F0CFFE2FF19BE70378FFA54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich. 1925	<div><p>Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich, 1925</p> <p>(Figs 12, 29–30, 104, 119–120, 202, 246, 290, 334, 377, 419, 459, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich, 1925: 13. Holotype male (USNM), examined photographically. Type locality: La Suiza de Turrialba, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Henriquella spicata: Bonatto &amp; Marinoni (2005: 888); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 109).</p> <p>Mesembrinella spicata: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized shiny blue fly, averaging 9.6 mm (8–11/5) in length. Similar to M. mexicana sp. nov. (see under that species for comparison). Face and antenna bright yellow-orange; T5 without discal setae in both sexes; T4 without marginal setae in both sexes; T5 without marginal setae in male, with marginal setae in females. Male with long, slender posterior projections on ST5 (Fig. 246); cercus and surstylus small and slender (Figs 29–30).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.128 (0.11–0.14/5) of head width at narrowest; slightly narrower than width of first flagellomere; fronto-orbital, parafacial and gena bright yellow-gold; frontal vitta with upper 2/3 black, lower 1/3 orange; gena with typical horizontal row of stout setae, rest of the gena with small fine dark setae; postgena orange with long pale setae and small strip of dark setae along anterior edge; occiput dark, covered with silvery tomentum and fine pale setae; median occipital sclerite shiny black; antenna bright orange, pedicel with short brown setae; palpus typical; eye facets uniform in size; frontal setae ascending about 80% of distance to vertex; anterior ocellus about twice the size of posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae ascending along frontal ridge to about 1/4 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsal and pleural areas purple-blue with whitish tomentum, dorsum without tomentose stripes. Chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair stout converging ap, sa absent, 1 lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles of moderate size, brown; legs: femora shiny blue, tibiae and tarsi brown, tarsal claws black. Wing hyaline with crossvein r-m slightly darkened and some veins with faint yellowing; subcostal sclerite with brown pubescence; tegula black, basicosta light tan; section IV 0.20 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters light tan; rim of upper calypter with short dark setae, rim of lower calypter with long brown setae.</p> <p>Abdomen blue with whitish tomentum, all segments lacking marginal; no discal setae on T5. Terminalia in lateral and posterior views with surstylus and cercus unusually small and slender, epandrium very large and divided midway (Figs 29–30); phallus in lateral and dorsal views with short, stout epiphallus curving slightly backward (Figs 119–120); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 202; ST2–5 very broad, progressively wider to the rear; ST5 exceptionally large with pair of pointed posterior projections midway (Fig. 246).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.226 (0.21–0.24/5) of head width at narrowest, T5 with marginal setae, disc of T5 sometimes with one or more discal setae and with medium-length fine setae. T6 of RV shape with suture midway; T7 reduced to pair of round sclerites; T8 continuous, narrowed and with median suture (Fig. 290); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 334; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 377); ST1–5 as in Fig. 419.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Costa Rica, Cartago; USNM; examined photographically: Fig. 459), labeled: La Suiza / Costa Rica; Pablo Schild / Coll 11-2-23 / ♂; Type / 26797 / No. / U.S. N.M. [orange label]; Mesembrinella / spicata / Ald.; USNMENT / 01295433.</p> <p>Additional material examined. Costa Rica, Cartago. 1 ♂♦* (TLW290), Turrialba, M.N. Guayabo, Send. Monticulos, 1100–1200 m, 8–12.v.2007, L_N_217200 570300 #91254, Moraga, Azofeifa, Gonzalez, Navarro (IN- BIO); 1 ♀, nr. Tuis 3000 ft, 16–22.vii.1993, W.J. Hanson (CNC). Heredia: 2 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW345 – TLW346), 16 km SSE <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.083336/lat 10.266666)">La Virgen</a>, 10°16ʹN 84°05ʹW, 1150 m, 9–14.iii.2001, flight intercept trap, primary forest, E.G. Riley (TAMU).</p> <p>Puntarenas. 1 ♂*, 1 ♂, Coto Bus, Z.P. Las Tablas, Est. Biol. Coton, S El. Tajo, 1700 m, 26.viii.1999, L_S_324150 590000 #56966, M. Alfaro (INBIO); 1 ♂, Coto Brus, Z.P. Las Tablas, E.B. Las Alturas, S Acueducto, Orilla R. Coti- to, 1400 m, 12.i.2001, L_S_593300 321900 #61816, M. Alfaro, Manual (INBIO); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW352), same data except 1500–1600 m, 13–14.x.2012, Malaise trap, ZADBI (INBIO); 1 ♂*, 1♂, 1 ♀ *, ♀, Coton, Las Alturas, 1400 m, 5.ix.1991, P. DeVries &amp; M. Wood (CNC); 3 ♀♀, same data except 1500 m, 28.ix.1994, D.M. Wood (LACM); 1 ♂♦ (TLW291), Coto Brus, Z.P. Las Tablas, E.B. Las Alturas, 1500–1600 m, 13–14.x.2012, Malaise trap, Proyecto ZADBI (INBIO); 2 ♂♂♦ (TLW292, TLW374), Coto Brus, Z.P. Las Tablas, E.B. Las Alturas, Acueducto, Orilla, R. Cotito, 1400 m, 12.iv.2001, M. Alfaro Manual (INBIO); 1 ♀, Estación Altmira, 1 km S del Cerro Biolley, Sen- dero a la Fila, 1300–1450 m, 20–23.xi.1995, L_S331700_572100 #7056, M. Moraga (INBIO); 1 ♀, Est. Biol. Las Alturas, 1500 m, Coto Brus, 23.iii–2.v.1992, L_S_322500 591300, F. Arays (INBIO); 1 ♀, 1 km S.O. del Cerro Bi- oley, Sector Altamira, Buenos Aires, 1150–1350 m, x.1994, L S 331500_571700 #3300, Z. Fuentes (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW353), 1♀, Las Alturas Biol. Stat., 20 air km NE of San Vito, quarry, 1 km N of Rio Bella Vista, 14.viii.1995, C.R. Nelson (BYU); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW373), San Vito de Coto Brus, Est. Biol Las Alturas, 1500 m, v.1992, P. Hanson (CNC). Mexico, Chiapas. 1 ♂, Chis [Chiapas] 6.0 km SW Ocosingo, 1400 m, 22.ix.1992, D.M. Wood (CNC); 3 ♀♀, Chis 6 km S.W. Ocosingo, 1400 m, 20.ix.1991, D.M. Wood (CNC). Nicaragua, Jinotega. 1 ♀ *, Selva Negro, ca. 12 km N Matagalpa, Jinotega, 15.viii.1995 (FSCA).</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.</p> <p>Remarks. Eleven specimens (TLW 290–292, TLW 345–346, TLW 352–353, TLW 373–374, TLW 376 and TLW 459) were barcoded; they grouped together close to M. mexicana sp. nov. and M. guaramacalensis sp. nov. (Fig. 488). A female later identified morphologically as M. spicata had a complete row of discal setae on T5, which initially caused it to key to the aeneiventris species-group where it did not fit any of the known species. The terminalia were dissected and it was a perfect match with other M. spicata.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F0CFFE2FF19BE70378FFA54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F0DFFE2FF19BC1E3064F80F.text	03DA87E60F0DFFE2FF19BC1E3064F80F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella bolivar (Bonatto in Bonatto & Marinoni 2005)	<div><p>Mesembrinella bolivar species-group</p> <p>Recognition. The bolivar species-group contains two species, M. bolivar and M. carvalhoi, originally described in the genus Giovanella then moved to Huascaromusca (Marinho et al. 2017), the two new species M. epandrioaurantia sp. nov. and M. woodorum sp. nov. These four species share anterior spiracle with a long, narrow opening gradually widening above (Fig. 6), rather than a broad oval opening above; discal scutellar setae absent; and 2x 2 postpronotal setae. The epandrium, cerci and surstyli of M. bolivar (Figs 37–38) and M. carvalhoi (Wolff et al. 2017: figs 10–11) are very similar, but they are very different from those of M. epandrioaurantia sp. nov. and M. woodorum sp. nov. (Figs 31–34). As more species are described this group may be split, but for now they are placed together based on the shared morphological characters listed above. Barcodes were obtained only for M. epandrioaurantia sp. nov., which formed a distinct group (see discussion under that species).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F0DFFE2FF19BC1E3064F80F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F03FFECFF19B90131B0FB6C.text	03DA87E60F03FFECFF19B90131B0FB6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella bolivar (Bonatto in Bonatto & Marinoni 2005)	<div><p>Key to species of the M. bolivar species-group</p> <p>1 Male with cercus and surstylus in lateral view not widely separated in lateral view (Bonatto &amp; Marinoni, fig. 11); base of cercus not enlarged, without dense comb of setae (as in Fig. 37); ST5 of typical shape (Bonatto &amp; Marinoni 2005: fig. 13)....... 2</p> <p>- Male with cercus and surstylus widely separated in lateral view (Figs. 31, 33); base of cercus enlarged, with dense comb of setae posteriorly (Figs 31–34); ST5 of unusual shape (Figs 247–248)................................................. 3</p> <p>2 Legs mostly brown, except femora orange with apical 1/4 reddish-brown; spiracles orange; wing infuscated along anterior edge of costa up to R 2+3; surstylus and cercus broader (Bonatto &amp; Marinoni 2005: figs 13–14)...................... M. bolivar</p> <p>- Legs, including femora dark brown; anterior spiracle yellow-orange, posterior spiracle dark brown; wing hyaline; cells near base of wing darkened, veins with faint darkening; epandrium with surstylus and cercus narrower (Wolff et al. 2017: figs 10–11)..................................................................................... M. carvalhoi</p> <p>3 Tip of T5 orange in both sexes, larger in male. Male: epandrium orange (Fig. 492); terminalia as in Figs 31–32; female terminalia as in Fig. 291............................................................. M. epandrioaurantia sp. nov.</p> <p>- Tip of T5 and epandrium shining blue, concolorous with rest of abdomen (Fig. 461); epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 33–34; [female unknown].............................................................. M. woodorum sp. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F03FFECFF19B90131B0FB6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F03FFEFFF19BF1530A8FA2C.text	03DA87E60F03FFEFFF19BF1530A8FA2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella bolivar (Bonatto in Bonatto & Marinoni 2005) Bonatto 2005	<div><p>Mesembrinella bolivar (Bonatto, 2005)</p> <p>(Figs 6, 37–38, 127–128, 206, 462)</p> <p>Giovanella bolivar Bonatto in Bonatto &amp; Marinoni, 2005: 886. Holotype male (USNM), examined. Type locality: Kavanayen, Bolivar, Venezuela.</p> <p>Giovanella bolivar: Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff et al. (2013b: 132); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 108).</p> <p>Mesembrinella bolivar: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized blue-brown fly, the single specimen available measured 11 mm in length. Legs mostly brown, except femora orange with apical 1/4 reddish-brown vs. legs entirely brown in M. carvalhoi; spiracles orange vs. anterior spiracle yellow-orange and posterior spiracle dark brown in M. carvalhoi; wing infuscated along anterior edge of costa up to R 2+3. Male terminalia with cercus and surstylus not widely separated in lateral view; base of cercus not enlarged, without dense comb of setae (Fig. 37).</p> <p>Redescription. Male [holotype]. Head. Frons narrow, 0.02/1 of head width at narrowest, narrower than width of anterior ocellus; fronto-orbital slender with silvery tomentum ventrally and orange tomentum dorsally; dorsal 2/3 of parafacial silvery, ventral third orange; gena orange with faint whitish tomentum, covered with fine tan setae and typical horizontal row of stout setae extending from postgena through to lower parafacial; postgena with silvery tomentum and few dark setae anteriorly, posteriorly with long orange setae; occiput with fine yellow setae, dorsal third dull black, remainder with whitish tomentum; antenna: pedicel pale orange with short brown setae, first flag- ellomere brown with yellowish tomentum, arista with proximal 1/3 orange and distal 2/3 black; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral facets; frontal setae ascending about 30% of distance to vertex; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae on facial ridge very sparse, forming a small cluster of 3 or 4 setae at base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum brown with pale tomentum appearing pale bluish on prescutum; scutellum brown without tomentum or stripes; pleura bluish-orange with pale tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 0:0, dc 2:3; ia 0, ph 0, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1, meron with long, slender tan setae; 1 pair converging ap, 1 lat, 1 bas, 0 disc, no other setae; [subscutellum not visible on specimen]; spiracles yellow-orange, anterior spiracle with a long, narrow opening gradually widening above (Fig. 6), instead of the typical broad, oval opening seen in other species-groups (Fig. 5); legs: femora entirely orange except brown distally, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing with distinct dark infuscation along anterior edge from costa to vein R 2+3; vein M, crossvein dm-cu and vein CuA dark shaded; rest of wing somewhat darkened; section IV 0.11 of section III; subcostal sclerite pale orange with pubescence; basicosta and tegula brown; discs of upper and lower calypters light tan; rims dark brown with long brown setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1–3 yellow-orange, T4–5 brown with whitish tomentum. T1+2 with cluster of stout lateral marginal setae; T3–T5 each with pair of lateral marginal setae; T4 and T5 with row of stout setae on posterior margins; disc of T5 without mid-dorsal horizontal row of stout setae, with fine setae only. Terminalia [the holotype’s terminalia were already dissected and in marginal condition, as shown in Figs 37–38]. In lateral view with surstylus curved slightly backward, epandrium of moderate size (Fig. 37); in posterior view base of cercus broad, tapered steadily to rounded tips (Fig. 38); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus of moderate size and gradually curved backward (Fig. 127); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow (Fig. 128); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite and ejaculatory sclerites as in Fig. 206.</p> <p>Female. [No female specimens were examined by us. Bonatto &amp; Marinoni (2005) examined two females and described some characters, but they did not illustrate them. They stated that the spermathecae are filiform and the sternites oval.]</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂* (Venezuela, Bolivar; USNM; Fig. 462), labeled: VENEZUELA: Bolivar / Kavanayen 1000m. / Aug. 8, 1970 / R. E. Dietz IV, leg.; HOLOTYPE / Giovanella bolivar / S.R. Bonatto det. [red label]; USNMENT01288292.</p> <p>Remarks. Specimen in good condition, rear part of T4 and all of T5 removed and dissected by Bonatto; T5 and terminalia in small plastic vial under specimen on pin; portion of T4 missing.</p> <p>Distribution. Venezuela.</p> <p>Remarks. Only the holotype male was examined. Bonatto &amp; Marinoni (2005) provided a brief description of the female but did not illustrate any characters. The sketch of the anterior thoracic spiracle of M. bolivar provided by Bonatto &amp; Marinoni (2005) is misleading: it is shown as a narrow, uniform slit, but examination of the holotype showed that it is actually in the shape of a narrow V (Fig. 6). This unusual shape is also found in M. epandrioaurantia sp. nov. and M. woodorum sp. nov. However, the epandrium, cerci and surstyli are very different in these two species (Figs 31–34) compared to M. bolivar (Figs 37–38). No specimens were barcoded.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F03FFEFFF19BF1530A8FA2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F00FFEEFF19BFD63607FE1C.text	03DA87E60F00FFEEFF19BFD63607FE1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella carvalhoi (Wolff, Ramos-Pastrana & Pujol-Luz 2013)	<div><p>Mesembrinella carvalhoi (Wolff, Ramos-Pastrana &amp; Pujol-Luz, 2013)</p> <p>Giovanella carvalhoi Wolff et al., 2013b: 130. Holotype male (CEUA), not examined. Type locality: Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia.</p> <p>Giovanella carvalhoi: Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 866); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Huascaromusca carvalhoi: Wolff et al. (2017: 253), new combination.</p> <p>Mesembrinella carvalhoi: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized dark blue fly with pale tomentum, T1+2 and anterior portion of T3 yellowish. Anterior spiracle yellow-orange, posterior spiracle dark brown; legs including femora entirely dark brown; epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Wolff et al. (2013b: figs 10–11).</p> <p>Redescription. [Summarized from Wolff et al. (2013b: figs 1–11); this species is similar to M. bolivar, see comparison under that species.] Thorax with black [blue-black according to figs 1–3 in Wolff et al. (2013b)] mesonotum and white tomentum with well-defined stripes. Chaetotaxy: ac 0:0, dc 1:2, ia 0:1, ph 1, ppn 2x 2, disc absent; anterior spiracle yellow-orange, posterior spiracle dark brown; T5 without discal setae; T4 with marginal setae. Wing mostly hyaline, veins faintly infuscated. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli in left lateral view with surstylus curved backward, cercus with apical hook (Wolff et al. 2013b: fig. 10); in posterior view, cerci broad at base and tapering to a point, with sinuous curve midway (Wolff et al. 2013b: fig. 11). Phallus in lateral with moderate sized epiphallus curving backward (Wolff et al. 2013b: figs 8–9).</p> <p>Material examined. None (no specimens could be obtained for examination).</p> <p>Distribution. Colombia.</p> <p>Remarks. Morphologically, this species appears to be closely related to M. bolivar (see Diagnosis of that species). No specimens were barcoded.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F00FFEEFF19BFD63607FE1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F01FFEAFF19B8263672FED4.text	03DA87E60F01FFEAFF19B8263672FED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella epandrioaurantia Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella epandrioaurantia Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 31–32, 121–122, 203, 247, 291, 335, 420, 460, 488, 492)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A small blue-black fly averaging 9.2 mm (8–11/5) in length. Abdomen with distinctive orange area on tip of T 5 in both sexes (Fig. 492) vs. tip of T5 and epandrium shiny blue in M. woodorum sp. nov. Male with ST5 of distinctive shape (Fig. 247); epandrium, cerci and surstyli of distinctive shape (Figs 31–32).</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons 0.045 (0.04–0.05/5) of head width at narrowest, about equal to width of frontoorbital; fronto-orbital narrow and silvery; frontal vitta brown, significantly narrowed midway; frontal setae ascending about 60% of distance to vertex; parafacial bluish with silvery tomentum; gena and postgena bluish with silvery tomentum, most of gena with black setae, lower edge with pale setae; postgena entirely with pale setae; occiput with silvery tomentum and pale silky setae; median occipital sclerite shiny orange; palpus typical; antenna: pedicel and first flagellomere brown with whitish tomentum, setae on pedicel dark brown; eye facets small, median facets slightly larger than lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; frontal ridge with only 2–3 stout supravibrissal setae at base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum and pleura bluish with pale tomentum forming faint stripes; chaetotaxy: ac 0:0, dc 1:2, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1, meral setae typical, 1 crossed ap, 1 stout bas, 0 disc, usually no other setae on scutellum; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles medium-sized and brown; anterior spiracular opening long and narrow, gradually widening above (Fig. 6); legs entirely brown except femora orange distally; tarsal claws brown with black tips, pads white. Wing hyaline with narrow yellowish area in costal cell near costa; basal cells and veins darkened; subcostal sclerite with pubescence only; basicosta and tegula brown; section IV 0.16 of section III; upper and lower calypters with rim and disc tan, small area of upper calypter whitish; rim of upper calypter with short reddish-brown setae, rim of lower calypter with long reddish-brown setae.</p> <p>Abdomen bluish with white tomentum except tip of T5; disc of T5 with only weak, fine setae. Terminalia bright orange (Fig. 492); in posterior view, epandrium with broad suture midway (Fig. 32); epandrium, cerci and surstyli very unusual in shape; in lateral view surstylus long and slender, extending forward under epandrium and curving down and slightly backward; cercus short, slender and straight, widely separated from surstylus (Figs 31–32); phallus in lateral view with long, slender epiphallus gently curved backward (Fig. 121); in dorsal view with narrow hypophallic lobes (Fig. 122); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 203; sternites unusual: ST3–4 small, ST 5 of unusual shape (Fig. 247).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.186 (0.18–0.20/3) of head width at narrowest. T6 of OU shape, recessed posteriorly midway; T7 unusually wide, weakened midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 291); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 335; ST1–5 with ST2 large about 3x sclerite ST3 (Fig. 420).</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂* (Venezuela, Yaracuy; MJMO; Fig. 460), labeled: Venezuela. Yaracuy / Cocorote Sector El / Candelo. 1650 m / 4–10/XI/2002 / 10°36ʹ886ʺN 68°82ʹ628ʺW; Cols: R. Briceño; A. / Chacón; J. Clavijo; F. / Díaz; R. Paz.; E. Arcaya; / L. Joly / Proyecto S 1-2000000479; HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / epandrioaurantia / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀ ♦* (TLW309): same data as holotype except 17–20.x.2001 (MJMO).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Venezuela, Yaracuy. 1 ♂*, 2 ♂♂♦ (TLW307, 310), 1 ♀, Cocorote, Sector El Candelo, 10°36ʹ886ʺN 66°82ʹ628ʺW, 1600 m, 4–10.xi.2002, R. Briceño et al. (MJMO); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ♦* (TLW308), same data except 17–20.x.2001 (MJMO); 1 ♂ ♦ (TLW306), same data except 15–21.x.2001 (MJMO); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ *, Aragua, Colonia Tovar, 22.xii.1985, P. Kovarik (TAMU); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same data except 2300 m, 10.iii.1996, sweep, steep forest trail, S.A. Marshall (UGG).</p> <p>Distribution. Venezuela.</p> <p>Remarks. Five specimens (TLW 306–310) were barcoded, and they all grouped together in our analysis (Fig. 488).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name epandrioaurantia refers to the bright orange tip of the abdomen in both sexes, especially distinctive in males, where the whole epandrium is orange. The name is a combination of the word epandrium and the Latin aurantium (orange).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F01FFEAFF19B8263672FED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F05FFEAFF19BC82307FF808.text	03DA87E60F05FFEAFF19BC82307FF808.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella aeneiventris (Wiedemann 1830)	<div><p>Mesembrinella aeneiventris species-group</p> <p>Recognition. The primary shared character state in the M. aeneiventris species-group is disc of T5 with a horizontal row of stout setae (Fig. 8); remainder of T5 usually with short, fine setae and setulae. In most species, the male has surstylus straight or only slightly curved posteriorly (as in Fig. 45), whereas in the M. bicolor species-group the surstylus typically has a distinctive curve posteriorly (M. cordillera, M. vogelsangi and M. zurquiensis in the M. aeneiventris species-group have surstylus with a more distinct curve directed posteriorly). The area of the phallus anterior to the hypophallic lobes tends to be narrowed (Fig. 146), similar to Laneella.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F05FFEAFF19BC82307FF808	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F05FFEAFF19BB9E375FF9E0.text	03DA87E60F05FFEAFF19BB9E375FF9E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella woodorum Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella woodorum Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 33–34, 123–124, 204, 248, 461)</p> <p>Diagnosis. The single specimen examined measured 9 mm in length. The body is shining blue, similar in color and size to M. epandriaurantia sp. nov., see comparison under that species; the tip of T5 and epandrium are shiny blue; ST5 (Fig. 248) and the terminalia (Figs. 33–34) are distinctive.</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype). Head. Frons broad, 0.09 of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital and upper parafacial silvery gray, lower parafacial reddish; frontal vitta black, broader below, narrowed above; frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; gena silvery gray, with only few horizontally-arranged stout setae on anterior 1/3; postgena and occiput silvery gray with long pale setae; median occipital sclerite shiny black; antenna entirely brown, first flagellomere unusually broad, broader than parafacial at level of lunule; palpus typical; eye with median facets 4x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus about 1/3 larger than posterior ocelli; black cluster of supravibrissal setae ascending about 1/6 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum blue with pale tomentum forming irregular stripes in presutural area; in postsutural area dull blue with pale tomentum; pleura bluish with pale tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 0:0, dc 2:2, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1, meral setae typical, 1 crossed ap, 1 stout bas, 0 disc, no other scutellar setae; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles medium-sized, brown; anterior spiracle with long and narrow opening gradually widening above (Fig. 6); legs entirely brown. Wings faintly infuscated, yellowish along basal half of costa; basicosta and tegula dark brown; subcostal sclerite bare; section IV 0.13 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters reddish brown; rim of upper calypter dark brown with short tan setae, rim of lower calypter tan with long tan setae.</p> <p>Abdomen entirely bluish with pale tomentum; T4 with row of stout marginal setae; T5 with pair of lateral marginal setae; no setae midway. Terminalia in lateral view with short, slender surstylus, cercus sinuous with flared edges (Fig. 33), of unusual shape in posterior view (Fig. 34); phallus in lateral view with short slender epiphallus (Fig. 123); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow (Fig. 124); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite and ST6 as in Fig. 204; ST1–5 as in Fig. 248, ST5 of unusual shape.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ * (Ecuador, Napo; CNC; Fig. 461), labeled: ECUADOR, Napo / 30 km. s. Baeza / 20.II.79 2000m / G. &amp; M. Wood; HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / woodorum / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>Distribution. Ecuador.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is so distinctive that it merited being described even though only a single specimen was known. No specimens were barcoded.</p> <p>Etymology. This species woodorum is named in honor of Grace and Monty Wood, who collected many excellent specimens from the Neotropical Region, including this male.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F05FFEAFF19BB9E375FF9E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F79FF96FF19BABD31B1F91D.text	03DA87E60F79FF96FF19BABD31B1F91D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella aeneiventris (Wiedemann 1830)	<div><p>Key to the species of the M. aeneiventris species-group</p> <p>1 Postpronotal lobe with 3 setae........................................................................... 2</p> <p>- Postpronotal lobe with 2 setae........................................................................... 7</p> <p>2 Subcostal sclerite setose (Fig. 490); body color orange to reddish-brown; kat 1:1; T1+2 yellowish..................... 3</p> <p>- Subcostal sclerite bare or pubescent; body color blue-black; kat usually 2:1; T1+2 black to blue-black.................. 4</p> <p>3 Apices of mid and hind femora orange; ac 1:1; male frons narrow, about 0.02 of head width at narrowest; epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 53–54; female terminalia as in Fig. 300, T 6 without median suture; [known only from Colombia and Venezuela]...................................................................................... M. vogelsangi</p> <p>- Apices of mid and hind femora black; ac 2:1; male frons much broader, 0.09 of head width at narrowest; epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 55–56; female terminalia as in Fig. 301, T 6 with median suture; [known only from Costa Rica]........................................................................................... M. zurquiensis sp. nov.</p> <p>4 Femora pale; male frons 0.07 of head width at narrowest; male surstylus long and slender, parallel-sided in lateral view (Fig. 39); cerci in posterior view long with a broad base (Fig. 40); female T6 broadly divided midway anteriorly (Fig. 293); [known only from Colombia and Venezuela]............................................................. M. decrepita</p> <p>- Femora dark; male frons width variable; male surstylus variable in lateral view; cerci in posterior view either broad at base and short, or narrow at base and longer; female T6 not divided midway.............................................. 5</p> <p>5 Anterior and posterior thoracic spiracles pale yellow; male frons 0.14 of head width at narrowest; cercus exceptionally short and broad (Fig. 50); female T6 of OU shape; T7 narrowed midway (Fig. 298); [known only from Costa Rica and Mexico].............................................................................................. M. uniseta</p> <p>- Anterior thoracic spiracle yellow-brown to black, posterior thoracic spiracle brown to black; other characters variable..... 6</p> <p>6 Acrostichal setae 0:1, outer posthumeral seta present; anterior thoracic spiracle black; legs black; male frons 0.06 of head width at narrowest; cerci slender (Wolff et al. 2017: figs 9–10); [known only from Colombia]...................... M. obscura</p> <p>- Acrostichal setae 2:1, outer posthumeral seta absent; anterior thoracic spiracle yellow-brown; legs reddish-brown; [known only from Mexico; male unknown].............................................................. M. xanthorrhina</p> <p>7 Subcostal sclerite setose (as in Fig. 490); thoracic chaetotaxy with ac 0:1 and dc 2:2; coxae, trochanters and femora orange with reddish-brown apices; male frons narrow, 0.015 of head width; [for epandrium, cerci and surstyli and other characters, see Wolff et al. (2017: figs 12–18); known only from Colombia]......................................... M. cordillera</p> <p>- Subcostal sclerite bare; other characters variable............................................................. 8</p> <p>8 Outer posthumeral seta present.......................................................................... 9</p> <p>- Outer posthumeral seta absent.......................................................................... 11</p> <p>9 Pleural area of thorax and legs blue-black; ac 0:0; male frons 0.07 of head width at narrowest; epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 41–42; female terminalia as in Fig. 294......................................................... M. lara</p> <p>- Pleural area of thorax and femora yellow-orange, tibiae and tarsi brown; usually ac 1:1 or 1:2 (in M. aeneiventris sometimes missing on one or both sides)........................................................................... 10</p> <p>10 Acrostichals 1:2 (but sometimes missing on one or both sides); male frons broad, 0.07–0.08 of head width at narrowest; male with ST5 very broad and wing-like (Fig. 249); epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 35–36; female terminalia as in Fig. 292; [known from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama and Peru].............................. M. aeneiventris</p> <p>- Acrostichals 1:1; male frons narrower, 0.03–0.05 of head width at narrowest; ST5 normal (Fig. 252); epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 43–44; female terminalia as in Fig. 295; [known only from Costa Rica]........ M. nigrocoerulea sp. nov.</p> <p>11 Wing with well-defined infuscation along costa; thorax reddish-brown to blackish; ac 0:1; male with surstylus long and slender in left lateral view, arching inward in posterior view (Figs 45–46); female terminalia as in Fig. 296; [known from Peru, Ecuador and Brazil]................................................................................ M. purpurata</p> <p>- Wing hyaline or only faintly infuscated; surstylus not as long and slender; other characters variable................... 12</p> <p>12 T1+2 and anterior 1/3 or more of T3 yellow-orange, varying dorsally, always yellow laterally; ac 0:1; other characters variable............................................................................................... 13</p> <p>- T1+2, T3 blue-black; ac 1:1; male frons 0.02 of head width at narrowest; epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 51–52; female terminalia as in Fig. 299; [known only from Costa Rica]....................................... M. violacea sp. nov.</p> <p>13 Femora brown to black; scutellum lacking discal setae [NB: discal setae present on T5]; [known only from Peru; male unknown].................................................................................... M. bequaerti</p> <p>- Femora orange; scutellum with discal setae; male frons 0.05 of head width at narrowest; T3 of abdomen with dark, inverted V shape mid-dorsally in male; epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 47–48; female terminalia as in Fig. 297; [known only from Costa Rica]................................................................................ M. semiflava</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F79FF96FF19BABD31B1F91D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F79FF9DFF19BD2635C4F88F.text	03DA87E60F79FF9DFF19BD2635C4F88F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella aeneiventris (Wiedemann 1830)	<div><p>Mesembrinella aeneiventris (Wiedemann, 1830)</p> <p>(Figs 35–36, 125–126, 205, 249, 292, 336, 378, 421)</p> <p>Dexia aeneiventris Wiedemann, 1830: 376. Holotype male (NMW), not examined. Type locality: Brazil.</p> <p>Huascaromusca cruciata Townsend (1918: 112).</p> <p>Huascaromusca aeneiventris: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 255); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 867); Wolff et al. (2017: 253); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella aeneiventris: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly, averaging 10 mm (9–11/5) in length. Postpronotal lobe 2x 2; subcostal sclerite bare; outer posthumeral seta present; thorax brown with four whitish tomentose stripes; pleural area orange; abdomen bluish with whitish tomentum; thorax with ac 1:1 or 2:1. Male frons broad, 0.08 of head width at narrowest; ST5 very broad (Fig. 249); terminalia as in Figs. 35–36. Female frons 0.22 of head width at narrowest; T6 of RV shape, as in Fig. 292.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.08/2 of head width at narrowest, as wide as fronto-orbital at level of lunule. Fronto-orbital slender with silvery tomentum; frontal setae ascending about 60% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta dark orange; upper parafacial silvery, lower parafacial orange; gena pale orange with silvery tomentum; postgena pale yellow with long yellow setae; occiput with pale tomentum and silky pale yellow setae; median occipital sclerite broad, shiny dark orange; pedicel and first flagellomere dull orange; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum brown with four pale tomentose stripes; pleura orange with faint bluish reflections [good specimens]; chaetotaxy: ac 1:1 [sometimes 2:1 on one side], dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1, meron typical with long, slender tan setae, 1 pair converging ap, sa absent, 1 weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles pale yellow, medium-sized; legs: femora orange with brown apices, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing yellowish along costa, faintly yellow throughout; subcostal sclerite bare; basicosta pale yellow; tegula pale orange; section IV 0.11 of section III; disc of upper calypter light tan; rim of upper calypter with short dark setae; lower calypter pale yellow with long white setae on rim.</p> <p>Abdomen with T1+2 pale orange midway, dull orange laterally; T3 dull orange; T4–5 dull orange, often with faint bluish reflections; disc of T5 with horizontal row of stout setae, rest of disc with sparse, fine setae. Terminalia in left lateral view with surstylus short and slender, apical end curved slightly backward, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 35); in posterior view, cerci with broad bases gradually tapering to slender tips (Fig. 36); phallus in lateral view with moderate-sized epiphallus curving backward (Fig. 125); phallus in dorsal view with narrow hypophallic lobes with coarse serrations (Fig. 126); pre- and postgonite and ejaculatory sclerite as in Fig. 205; ST1–5 (Fig. 249) with ST5 exceptionally broad and wing-like.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.22/2 of head width at narrowest; T6 of RV shape, T7 of inverted Vshaped incision on rear, T8 as two sclerites (Fig. 292); ST6, 7 and hypoproct as in Fig. 336, ST8 with stout setae; spermathecae filiform as in Fig. 378; ST2–5 as in Fig. 421.</p> <p>Material examined. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. 1 ♀ *, Servico Febre Amarela, M.E.S., Bras, ix.1938 (USNM). Sao Paulo. 1 ♂*, Estação Biológica de Boracéia, Salesópolis, 16.iii.1972, J.H. Guimarães (USNM); 1 ♂*, “Rioʺ, 8.viii.1923, L.G. Saunders (NHMUK).</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil. Guimar„es (1977) also listed it from Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama and Peru.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was rare in our search for specimens. Records of it from Panama and Costa Rica need to be verified; numerous mesembrinellids were examined from these countries, but none belonged to this species. No specimens were barcoded.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F79FF9DFF19BD2635C4F88F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F72FF9CFF19BDA93643FBB5.text	03DA87E60F72FF9CFF19BDA93643FBB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella bequaerti Seguy 1925	<div><p>Mesembrinella bequaerti Séguy, 1925</p> <p>Mesembrinella bequaerti Séguy, 1925: 195. Holotype female (MNHN), not examined. Type locality: Peru</p> <p>Huascaromusca bequaerti: Hall (1948: 86, as synonym of Huascaromusca xanthorrhina); Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 254); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff et al. (2017: 253); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella bequaerti: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Postpronotal lobe 2x 2; subcostal sclerite bare; outer posthumeral seta absent; wing hyaline; femora brown to black; scutellum lacking discal setae; T1+2 orange; femora all brown or black.</p> <p>Redescription. [Based on information in Séguy (1925), Guimar„es (1977) and Bonatto (2001); Guimar„es (1977) and Bonatto (2001) examined the holotype female from MNHN.] Head with frontal vitta reddish-brown, darker above; fronto-orbital dark with pale tomentum; parafacial yellow-orange with silvery tomentum; gena yellow; palpus typical; occiput black, covered with yellow-orange tomentum; antenna yellow, arista darkened in distal half. Thorax with dorsum and pleura shiny black with black and yellow setae; mesonotum with four conspicuous pale tomentose stripes; ppn yellow-orange; chaetotaxy: ac 0:1 [Guimar„es (1977) recorded ac 2:1, whereas Bonatto (2001) recorded ac 0:1; we believe 0:1 is most likely the correct formula], dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 0, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1, scutellum with no sa, pb or disc setae; wing hyaline with faint infuscation along costal border beyond vein R 1; fore leg reddish-brown, mid and hind legs dark brown; all coxae yellow. Abdomen with anterior half of T1+2 yellowish; remainder of T1+2 and T3–5 shiny black; T1+2–3 with lateral marginal setae; T4–T5 with rows of marginal setae; disc of T5 with horizontal row of stout setae.</p> <p>Material examined. None (no specimens could be obtained for examination).</p> <p>Distribution. Peru.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was not found in collections, even though numerous specimens of this family were examined from Peru. Séguy’s description of this species was brief, with little detail. He states (roughly translated from French): “Related to M. decrepita, like decrepita it has a single presutural seta [it is unclear which seta he is talking about], with discal setae on tergite VI [likely what we now call T5]. Stem vein bare; body blue with slight reddish tint on anterior portion of pleura; wings clear, slightly infuscate along costa; legs entirely black. Length 9.5 mm. Peru ”. No specimens were barcoded.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F72FF9CFF19BDA93643FBB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F73FF9CFF19BE7F309CF82D.text	03DA87E60F73FF9CFF19BE7F309CF82D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella cordillera (Wolff & Ramos-Pastrana in Wolff et al. 2017) Wolff & Ramos-Pastrana 2017	<div><p>Mesembrinella cordillera (Wolff &amp; Ramos-Pastrana, 2017)</p> <p>Huascaromusca cordillera Wolff &amp; Ramos-Pastrana in Wolff et al., 2017: 256. Holotype male (CEUA), not examined. Type locality: Caquetá, Florencia, Colombia.</p> <p>Mesembrinella cordillera: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized reddish-brown and black fly; ppn 2x 2; subcostal sclerite setose; ac 0:1, dc 2:2; with coxae, trochanters and femora orange, apices of femora reddish-brown; wing mostly hyaline with brown area on distal end of vein R 1 and cells c, sc and r.</p> <p>Redescription. [Summarized from Wolff et al. (2017).] Male. A medium-sized, reddish-brown and black fly; frons 0.0145 (0.011 –0.023 /4) of head width at narrowest. Dorsum of thorax black, pleura reddish-brown; scutellum with 1 ap, 1 bas, 1 pb and 1 disc; coxae, trochanters and femora orange, apices of femora reddish-brown. Wing mostly hyaline except infuscated from distal end of vein R 1 to cells c, sc and r, and with darkening around veins; abdomen black with light purple reflections. [For terminalia and other characters, see Wolff et al. (2017: figs 12–18).]</p> <p>Female. Frons 0.215 (0.204 –0.237 /8) of head width at narrowest. Terminalia not illustrated or described in detail by Wolff et al. (2017).</p> <p>Material examined. None (no specimens could be obtained for examination).</p> <p>Distribution. Colombia.</p> <p>Remarks. Wolff et al. (2017) listed M. cordillera and M. obscura as medium-sized, but they give the average length for males as 7 mm (n = 2) and 6.6 mm (n = 8), respectively. Compared to other species in the M. aeneiventris group, or other mesembrinellids in general, these would be very small flies. It is always possible to get an undersized individual, but since this is an average length based on several specimens measured from the head to the tip of the abdomen, the question arises as to whether these are unusually small species or whether there was an error in measuring. We recommend that the specimens be re-measured. No specimens were barcoded.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F73FF9CFF19BE7F309CF82D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F74FF9BFF19BABE378EF919.text	03DA87E60F74FF9BFF19BABE378EF919.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella decrepita Seguy. 1925	<div><p>Mesembrinella decrepita Séguy, 1925</p> <p>(Figs 39–40, 129–130, 207, 250, 293, 337, 379, 422, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella decrepita Séguy, 1925: 195. Holotype male (MNHN), not examined. Type locality: Colombia.</p> <p>Huascaromusca decrepita: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 255); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 867); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 108).</p> <p>Mesembrinella decrepita: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized blue-black fly averaging 9.6 mm (9–10/5) in length. Postpronotal lobe with 3x 3 setae; subcostal sclerite bare; femora pale orange. Male frons about 0.074 of head width at narrowest; terminalia distinctive, with broad cerci in posterior view (Fig. 39). Female T6 distinctive, with broad division midway and of OV shape; T7 and T8 narrowed midway (Fig. 293).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Frons broad, 0.074 (0.07–0.08/5) of head width at narrowest, almost as broad as width of first flagellomere; fronto-orbital dark with silvery tomentum; frontal setae ascending about 60% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta: upper 2/3 black, lower 1/3 orange; parafacial orange with pale tomentum; gena orange with horizontal row of stout dark setae and scattered smaller dark setae; postgena orange with long pale setae; occiput dark with pale tomentum and pale setae; median occipital sclerite shiny black; antenna orange; arista tan; palpus typical; eye with median facets slightly larger than lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus about 2x size of posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae on facial ridge ascending about 1/5 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum and pleural areas blue-black with whitish tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac variable, most commonly 1:1, then 2:1, then 0:1, sometimes a seta missing on one side, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair crossed ap, 0 sa or lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles orange, mediumsized. Wing hyaline, with section IV 0.17 of section III; subcostal sclerite bare; basicosta and tegula orange; calypters brown with brown rims; rim of upper calypter with short dark setae, rim of lower calypter with long pale setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2–T3 shiny blue with whitish tomentum, T4–5 shiny blue with little tomentum; T1+2–3 with pair of lateral marginal setae; T4–5 each with row of marginal setae, the row on T5 weaker; disc of T5 with middorsal horizontal row of stout setae, rest of disc with sparse, fine setae. Terminalia. In lateral view surstylus slender, curving slightly forward, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 39); in posterior view, base of cerci broad, tapering to divergent tips (Fig. 40); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus curved backward, basiphallus extended anteroventrally (Fig. 129); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes very narrow (Fig. 130); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 207; sternites as in Fig. 250.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.245 (0.23–0.25/4) of head width at narrowest. T6 of RV shape, broadly divided midway, T7 continuous, weakened and translucent midway, T8 broad with suture midway (Fig. 293). ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 337; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 379); ST1–5 as in Fig. 422.</p> <p>Material examined. Venezuela, Distrito Federal. 1 ♂*, 1 ♀ ♦* (TLW378), 7 ♂♂, Parque Nac. Avila, 1800 m, 28.ii.1971, G. &amp; M. Wood (CNC). Lara. 1 ♂♦ (TLW258), 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW257), 8 km. S Sanare, Yacambu Natl. Park 1600 m, 27.xii.1985, P. Kovarik &amp; R. Jones (TAMU). Merida. 1 ♂*, 10 km E. Tobay, 2000 m, 28.iv.1981, H. Townes (CNC). Yaracuy. 1 ♂, Corceorote Sector El Candelo, 1650 m, 10°36ʹ888ʺN–68°82ʹ628ʺW, 17–20.x.2001, T. Interceptacion, R. Briceño, A. Chacán, J. Clavijo, F. Díaz, R. Paz, E. Arcaya &amp; L. Joly (MJMO); 1 ♂♦ (TLW259), 1 ♀, Edo. Lara, P.N. Yacambu, “El Blanquito”, 9°63N, 69°53W, 29.i.2007, A. Martínez (MJMO).</p> <p>Distribution. Venezuela. Bonatto (2001) also listed it from Colombia. The listing of this species from Mexico in Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1) was an error (M. Marinho, pers. comm.).</p> <p>Remarks. The only specimens examined during this study were from Venezuela. Four specimens (TLW 252– 259, TLW 378) were barcoded, and they clustered together (Fig. 488).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F74FF9BFF19BABE378EF919	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F74FF9AFF19BCDB3122F9C4.text	03DA87E60F74FF9AFF19BCDB3122F9C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella lara (Bonatto 2005)	<div><p>Mesembrinella lara (Bonatto, 2005)</p> <p>(Figs 41–42, 131–132, 208, 251, 294, 338, 380, 423, 463, 488)</p> <p>Huascaromusca lara Bonatto in Bonatto &amp; Marinoni, 2005: 888. Holotype male (USNM), examined. Type locality: Yacambu National Park, Lara, Venezuela.</p> <p>Huascaromusca lara: Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff et al. (2017: 253); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 108).</p> <p>Mesembrinella lara: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A small fly, averaging 8.75 mm (8–9/4) in length; thorax subshining blue with heavy whitish tomentum; abdomen brighter, shiny blue with faint whitish tomentum. Postpronotal lobe 2x 2; subcostal sclerite bare; outer posthumeral present; acrostichal setae 0:0; pleural area of thorax blue-black.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.06/1 of head width at narrowest [only holotype male was available to measure]; fronto-orbital and parafacial golden when viewed from above, orange when viewed from below; frontal vitta orange, obliterated by broad fronto-orbitals about 1/3 of way up frons; gena orange with faint whitish tomentum and single row of stout setae from postgena through to bottom of parafacial; postgena orange with white tomentum and fine yellow setae; occiput with pale tomentum and weak yellow setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark orange; palpus typical; pedicel and first flagellomere orange with pale tomentum, arista dark brown; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; ocellar triangle medium-sized; facial ridge with just a few black supravibrissal setae in short row below.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum with pale bluish tomentum and a pair of narrow tomentose stripes aligned with dorsocentral setae; pleural area like dorsum; chaetotaxy: ac 0:0, dc 2:2, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 2x 2, kat 2:1, meral setae long and slender, as an inverted L with horizontal portion very short, composed of one or two setae, 1 pair converging ap, 1 stout bas, 1 disc, no other setae; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles yellow-orange; legs: femora orange, tibiae mostly brown, tarsi darker brown. Wings hyaline; disc of upper calypter pale with brown rim and fringe of brown setae; disc and rim of lower calypter pale, rim with long pale setae; subcostal sclerite orange and bare; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.15 of section III.</p> <p>Abdomen bright shiny blue with faint whitish tomentum. T1–5 each with a pair of stout lateral marginal setae, T4 and T5 with rows of stout setae on posterior margins; disc of T5 with mid-dorsal horizontal row of stout setae, rest of disc with sparse, fine setae. Terminalia. Lateral view: surstylus parallel-sided with slight forward curve, cercus with apical hook, epandrium large (Fig. 41); in posterior view, base of cerci broad, distal 1/3 gradually narrowing to fine tip (Fig. 42); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus of medium width and with moderate backward curve (Fig. 131); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow (Fig. 132); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite and ejaculatory sclerite as in Fig. 208; ST5 as in Fig. 251.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.245 (0.23–0.25/4) of head width. T6 of RV shape with suture midway; T7 divided midway; T8 as two separate sclerites (Fig. 294); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 338; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 380); ST1–5 as in Fig. 423.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂* (Venezuela, Lara; USNM; Fig. 463), labeled: VENEZUELA: Lara, / Parque Nac. / Yacambu / 6 – 8 – IV – 1981; A.S. Menke / L. Hollenberg / Collectors; HOLOTYPE / Huascaromusca lara. / S.R. Bonatto det. [red label]; USNMENT01288293.</p> <p>Remarks. Bonatto &amp; Marinoni (2005) provided added locality data for the specimen: 7°16ʹN 68°24ʹW. The specimen is in fairly good condition and is typical of other material examined in this study. It had been dissected by Bonatto; the rear half of T4 and all of T5 were removed and the terminalia were separated and placed in a vial under the specimen (except rear part of T4, which is missing).</p> <p>PARATYPE: Venezuela. 1 ♂, Parque Nac. Yacambu, 6–8.iv.1981, A.S. Menke &amp; L. Hollenberg (USNM).</p> <p>Additional material examined. Venezuela, Miranda. 1 ♀ ♦* (TLW270), San Antonio de los Altos, IV, IC, 10°24ʹN 66°58ʹW, 1680 m, iv.2003, Y. Velásquez (MIZA); 1 ♀, El Hatillo, Las Marías, 1350 m, 26.v.1976, F. Kaletta (MIZA); 1 ♀, Falcon Curimagus, 1640 m, 22.III.1987, cloud forest, R. Miller &amp; R.L. Stange (FSCA).</p> <p>Distribution. Venezuela.</p> <p>Remarks. A single specimen (TLW 270) was barcoded; it was recovered in a distinct group close to M. uniseta and M. bullata (Fig. 488). More specimens are needed to fully resolve relationships within this group.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F74FF9AFF19BCDB3122F9C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F75FF81FF19BCEE3033FE1C.text	03DA87E60F75FF81FF19BCEE3033FE1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella nigrocoerulea Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella nigrocoerulea Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 43–44, 133–134, 209, 252, 295, 339, 381, 424, 464, 488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A small to medium-sized blue-black fly averaging 9.8 mm (7–11/5) in length. Postpronotal lobe with 2x 2 setae; subcostal sclerite bare; 1 ph; pleural area of thorax and femora orange; tibiae and tarsi brown; ac 1:1; male frons narrow, 0.039 of head width at narrowest. T1+2 of abdomen orange, T3–5 shiny purple with whitish tomentum.</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.039 (0.030 –0.050 /5) of head width at narrowest, about same width as parafacial midway; fronto-orbital slender, silvery when viewed from above, orange when viewed from below, frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; frontal vitta reddish anteriorly, obliterated in upper half; parafacial narrow, silvery when viewed from above, orange below; gena orange with typical horizontal row of stout setae; postgena orange with a few dark setae anteriorly, remainder with long, slender golden setae; occiput with whitish tomentum and fine yellow setae, upper edge just below row of postoccipital setae shiny black; median occipital sclerite shiny black; palpus typical; antenna orange; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle of moderate size, anterior ocellus and posterior ocelli about equal in size; small cluster of supravibrissal setae at base of facial ridge.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum shiny brown with pale tomentum, faint purple highlights and four slender tan tomentose stripes; pleural area yellow-orange; chaetotaxy: ac 1:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph1, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1, 1 pair converging ap, sa absent, 1 weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 pb weak, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles medium-sized, pale orange; legs: femora orange, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing faintly yellow, small darker yellow area along costa near wing base, best seen under reflected light; section IV of wing 0.010 of section III; basicosta pale yellow, tegula orange.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2–5 purplish with whitish tomentum; T1+2 with cluster of lateral marginal setae midway and a pair of stout lateral marginal setae; posterior margin of T3 with pair of lateral setae; rear margin of T4 and T5 with rows of stout setae; disc of T5 with mid-dorsal horizontal row of stout setae, rest of disc with sparse, fine setae. Terminalia. In lateral view, surstylus with slight anterior bend at base then straight to tip, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 43); in posterior view, base of cerci broad, tapered steadily to tip (Fig. 44); phallus in lateral view with short epiphallus (Fig. 133); in dorsal view with narrow hypophallic lobes (Fig. 134); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 209; ST1–5 as in Fig. 252.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.22 (0.21–0.23/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of RV shape; T 7 in wide arc, posterior edge unsclerotized midway; T8 bilobed narrowly joined above; epiproct bilobed (Fig. 295); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 339; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 381); ST1–5 as in Fig. 424.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Costa Rica, Puntarenas; INBIO; Fig. 464), labeled: Est. Pittier, Prov. Punta [= Puntarenas Province], COSTA RICA / 1670m. 22 JUN-4 JUL 1995. E. / Alfaro, L _S_330900 577400 #5928; COSTA RICA INBIO / CRI002 / 387098; HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / nigrocoerulea / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀ ♦ (TLW328): Costa Rica, Limón. R.B. Hitoy Cerere, Valle de la Estella Send. Espavel, 560 m, 27–30.ix.2003, W. Arana (INBIO).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Costa Rica, Alajuela. 1 ♀ *, Arenal Monteverde Eladio’s, 830 m, 26–28.x.2006, J. Azofeifa (INBIO). Guanacaste. 1 ♂*, 1 ♂, Est Pitilla, 9 km S Sta Cecilia, iv.1991, C. Moraga (INBIO). Puntarenas. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW326), Golfito P.N. Corcovado, Est Sirena, Send. Corcovado, 10 m, 23.xi.2001, #66630, K. Caballero (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦* (TLW327), same data except 13.x.2001, #65635 (INBIO). Ecuador, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. 1 ♂*, Pich. E., Sto Domingo [Santo Domingo], 6–12.v.1990, W.J. Hanson (LACM). Venezuela, Miranda. Parque Nac. Guatopo, 24 km N Altagracia de Orituco, 640 m, 5–9.v.1975 (INBIO).</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela.</p> <p>Remarks. Three specimens (TLW 326–327 and TLW 331) were barcoded. They clustered together, close to M. violacea (Fig. 488)</p> <p>Etymology. The species name nigrocoerulea is a combination of the Latin nige r (black) and coeruleus (blue) and was selected because the species has a distinctive black and blue body color.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F75FF81FF19BCEE3033FE1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F6EFF81FF19BBD135F2FC4B.text	03DA87E60F6EFF81FF19BBD135F2FC4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella obscura (Wolff in Wolff et al. 2017) Wolff 2017	<div><p>Mesembrinella obscura (Wolff, 2017)</p> <p>Huascaromusca obscura Wolff in Wolff et al., 2017: 253. Holotype male (CEUA), not examined. Type locality: Vereda La Floresta, Jardín, Antioquia, Colombia.</p> <p>Mesembrinella obscura: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Postpronotal lobe with 3x 3 setae; subcostal sclerite bare; legs entirely dark; spiracles black; ac 0:1; outer ph 1.</p> <p>Redescription. [Summarized from Wolff et al. (2017).] Male. A medium-sized dark blue fly with bright blue reflections. Frons 0.058 (0.044–0.69/8) of head width at narrowest. Scutellar chaetotaxy: 1 ap, 1 bas, 1 pb, 1 disc. Wing mostly hyaline, with slight darkening at base and around crossvein r-m. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli and other characters as in Wolff et al. (2017: figs 5–11).</p> <p>Female. Wolff et al. (2017) give female frons width at narrowest as 0.238 (0.228 –0.250 /10). Terminalia not illustrated or described in detail.</p> <p>Material examined. None (no specimens could be obtained for examination).</p> <p>Distribution. Colombia.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F6EFF81FF19BBD135F2FC4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F6EFF8DFF19BE1836B0FC30.text	03DA87E60F6EFF8DFF19BE1836B0FC30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella purpurata Aldrich. 1922	<div><p>Mesembrinella purpurata Aldrich, 1922</p> <p>(Figs 45–46, 135–136, 210, 253, 296, 340, 382, 425, 465)</p> <p>Mesembrinella purpurata Aldrich, 1922: 16. Holotype male (USNM), examined. Type locality: Espirito Santo, Brazil.</p> <p>Huascaromusca purpurata: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 255); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff et al. (2017: 253); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella purpurata: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly averaging 10.6 mm (10–11/5) in length; postpronotal setae 2x 2; subcostal sclerite bare; outer posthumeral seta absent; wing with well-defined macula along costa.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.018 (0.015 –0.020 /4) of head width at narrowest; fronto-orbital, frontal vitta and parafacial dull orange [holotype lacking tomentum, but better preserved specimens have whitish tomentum], frontal vitta reduced to thin strip about halfway to ocellar triangle; gena and postgena dull orange with whitish tomentum, gena with small brown setae and horizontal row of stout setae from postgena across to lower parafacial; postgena with long silky orange setae; palpus typical; antenna orange; first flagellomere with pale tomentum; occipital area with upper edge subshining black, remainder with silvery tomentum and fine pale setae; median occipital sclerite shiny black in upper area, orange in lower area; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral facets; frontal setae ascending about 30% of distance to vertex; ocellar triangle orange with ocelli about equal in size; a few supravibrissal setae at base of facial ridge.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum shiny orange-brown with whitish tomentum forming two stripes midway and with two anterolateral bare patches; pleura orange; chaetotaxy: ac 0:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 0, ppn 2x 2, kat 2:1, meron with long, slender tan setae, 1 pair of converging ap setae, sa absent, 1 weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; anterior spiracle yellow, posterior spiracle pale orange; legs: femora orange, apices of mid and hind femora darkened; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing with well-defined infuscation along costa from base of subcosta to where R 2+3 joins costa, remainder hyaline; subcostal sclerite orange and bare; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.20 of section III; upper calypter with center of disc tan, outer edge white, rim dark with short tan setae; disc of lower calypter tan, rim with long white setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. Anterior half of T1+2 orange, remainder brown; T3–5 brown with pale tomentum and purple highlights. T1–4 each with pair of lateral setae; posterior margin of T4 with row of stout setae; disc of T5 with mid-dorsal horizontal row of stout setae, rest of disc with sparse, fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus parallel-sided, long and slender, slightly expanded distally (Fig. 45); in posterior view, surstylus long and slender with inward curve (Fig. 46); phallus in left lateral view with epiphallus slender and curved posteriorly (Fig. 135); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes slightly expanded (Fig.136); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 210; sternites with ST 3–4 narrow (Fig. 253).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons wider, 0.225 (0.22–0.23/2) of head width at narrowest. T6 of RV shape; T7 divided midway; T8 as two separate sclerites; epiproct divided (Fig. 296); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 340; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 382); ST2–5 as in Fig. 425.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Brazil, Espirito Santo; USNM; Fig. 465), labeled: T. María / 12.06.99 / M. Rodriguez; Espir. [= Espirito] / Santo; Mesembrinella / purpurata / Ald.; Type No. / 25825 [red label].</p> <p>Remarks. The holotype is in fairly good condition, but the head lacks the whitish tomentum seen on better specimens; the antenna is missing on one side and the arista is missing on the other.</p> <p>Additional material examined. Brazil, São Paulo. 2 ♂♂*, 1 ♂, Estacão Biológica Boracéia, Salesópolis, 16.iii.1972, J.H. Guimarães (USNM); 1 ♀, same data except 30.iv.2011, DZ, IBUSP (USNM); same data except ♀ ♦ (TLW390) (USNM). Peru, Huánuco. 1 ♀ *, T. Maria, 17.vi.1999, M. Rodriguez (CEUA). Cusco. 1 ♀, Quin- cemil, 1–15.xi. 1962, 700 m, L. Pena (CNC).</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil. Guimar„es (1977) also listed it from Ecuador and Peru.</p> <p>Remarks. No specimens were barcoded.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F6EFF8DFF19BE1836B0FC30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F62FF8CFF19B9F2371AFC5C.text	03DA87E60F62FF8CFF19B9F2371AFC5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella semiflava Aldrich. 1925	<div><p>Mesembrinella semiflava Aldrich, 1925</p> <p>(Figs 47–48, 137–138, 211, 254, 297, 341, 383, 426, 466)</p> <p>Mesembrinella semiflava Aldrich, 1925: 14. Holotype male (USNM), examined photographically. Type locality: La Suiza de Turrialba, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Huascaromusca semiflava: Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 867); Wolff et al. (2017: 253); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella semiflava: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly averaging 10.6 mm (9–12/5) in length; ppn with 2x 2 setae; subcostal sclerite bare; outer posthumeral seta absent; wing hyaline; T1+2 and anterior third or more of T3 yellow-orange; femora orange; katepisternum 2:1, often with a second small seta posteriorly.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.043 (0.04–0.05/3) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital silvery when viewed from above, pale orange when viewed from below; frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; frontal vitta orange, obliterated about 40% of distance to vertex; parafacial slender, silvery when viewed from above, orange below; gena pale orange with silvery tomentum and with a few dark setae anteriorly, with pale fine setae posteriorly; postgena yellowish with pale tomentum and golden setae; occiput with shiny black upper edge, remainder with silvery tomentum and fine tan setae; median occipital sclerite shiny black; antenna: pedicel and first flagellomere yellow-orange, arista brown; palpus typical; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus 1.5x size of posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae weak, clustered at base of facial ridge.</p> <p>Thorax with whitish tomentose stripes; pleura all orange; chaetotaxy: ac 0:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 0, ppn 2x 2, kat 2:1 [may have an extra weak posterior seta; this condition is variable but fairly common], horizontal portion of meral setae composed of only a couple of setae, 1 pair converging ap, sa absent, 1 lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles small, yellow-orange; legs: trochanters and femora orange, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing hyaline, faintly yellowish, slightly darker yellow along costa; subcostal sclerite bare; basicosta yellow, tegula orange; section IV 0.14 of section III; disc of both calypters pale yellow; rim of upper calypter dark with pale setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long golden setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 yellow-orange, anterior 2/3 of T3 yellow-orange, rear 1/3 of T3 darker, often with inverted V pattern mid-dorsally; T4–5 shiny blue-purple with whitish tomentum; T1+2 with cluster of stout lateral marginal setae and single seta posteriorly; T3 with lateral marginal seta; T4–5 each with row of marginal setae; disc of T5 with mid-dorsal horizontal row of stout setae, rest of disc with sparse, fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus straight, parallel-sided, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 47); in posterior view, cerci broad at base, tapering to tip (Fig. 48); phallus in lateral view with short stout epiphallus (Fig. 137); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes slightly expanded with coarse serrations (Fig. 138). T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 211; ST2–5 as in Fig. 254.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.194 (0.18–0.20/5) of head width at narrowest and abdomen lacking arrow-like mid-dorsal black area on T3 (found in some males), that area orange. T6 of OV shape; T7 continuous, narrowed midway; T8 thinned and translucent midway; epiproct bilobed (Fig. 297); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 341; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 383); ST1–5 as in Fig. 426.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Costa Rica, Cartago; USNM; examined photographically: Fig. 466), labeled: COSTA RICA / La Suiza ’23 [= 1923] / Pab. Schild; 16 III [apparently day and month]; AL Melander / Collection / 1961; USNMENT / 01295434; Mesembrinella / semiflava / Ald..</p> <p>PARATYPE: Costa Rica. 1 ♀, La Suiza, Pablo Schild, 28.ii.1923, paratype 26799 (USNM).</p> <p>Additional material examined. Costa Rica, Cartago. 1 ♂*, Quebrada Segunda, P.N. Tapanti, 1250 m, iii.1992, L_N_194000 560000, G. Mora (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW286), Turrialba P.N., Barbilla Cerro Tigre, 1400 m, 16.iv.2002, B. Hernández (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW287), Pejibaye Estación, Biológica Copal Sendero Garvula, Cima 1090 m, 8.iv.2005, B. Gambon (INBIO). Heredia. 1 ♀ *, Sarapiqui P.N., Braulio Carillo Send. El Saino al Rio Peje, 400–500 m, 18.ix.2005, M. Ballestero, A. Peraza (INBIO). Puntarenas. 1 ♂*, 1 ♂, San Vito, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.95/lat 8.766666)">Rio Jaba</a>, 8°46ʹN 82°57ʹW, 1100 m, 24.i.1998, D.M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♀, Est. Altamira Sendero al Rio Platanillal, 1100 m, 21.ii–16iii. 1972, R. Villalobos (INBIO). Ecuador, Pichincha. 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.0/lat 0.12)">Maguipucuna Biol. Res.</a>, 0.12°N 78°. 63°W, 24–25.ii.1996, P. Hibbs (LACM).</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador.</p> <p>Remarks. Three specimens were extracted; the DNA recovered was of too low quality to obtain good barcodes, therefore they were not included in the NJ analysis.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F62FF8CFF19B9F2371AFC5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F60FF8FFF19BABE303AF85A.text	03DA87E60F60FF8FFF19BABE303AF85A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella uniseta Aldrich. 1925	<div><p>Mesembrinella uniseta Aldrich, 1925</p> <p>(Figs 49–50, 139–140, 212, 255, 298, 342, 384, 427, 467, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella uniseta Aldrich, 1925: 13. Holotype male (USNM), examined. Type locality: La Suiza de Turrialba, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Huascaromusca uniseta: Hall (1948: 84, transferred to Huascaromusca); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff et al. (2017: 253); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella uniseta: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized blue-black fly averaging 9.8 mm (9–10/5) in length. Postpronotal lobe with 3x 3 setae; subcostal sclerite bare; femora dark; anterior thoracic spiracle pale. Male frons exceptionally wide, about 0.14 of head width at narrowest.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.136 (0.13–0.15/5) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital, frontal vitta and parafacial pale yellow-gold when viewed from above, orange when viewed from below; frontoorbital with row of setae ascending about 2/3 up frons, ending with a few weak setae below ocellar triangle; lower 1/4 frontal vitta orange, the rest black; gena with horizontal row of stout black setae extending from postgena across to lower parafacial; postgena dark with silvery tomentum, anterodorsal edge with dark setae, remainder with long silky yellow setae; palpus typical; antenna, pedicel and first flagellomere orange, base of arista orange, remainder brown; occiput blue with pale tomentum; upper 1/3 of occiput with short dark setae, lower 2/3 with pale setae; median occipital sclerite shiny, upper edge bluish, remainder black; eye with facets uniform in size; ocellar triangle medium-sized; anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; facial ridge with small cluster of black supravibrissal setae at base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum and pleura dark blue with whitish tomentose stripes and a pair of polished areas dorsolaterally in presutural area; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat, 2:1, meron with long slender black setae, 1 pair converging ap, sa absent, sometimes 1 weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum prominently developed; anterior spiracle pale yellow, posterior spiracle darker orange; legs brown except small orange area at joint of femora and tibiae. Wing hyaline; section IV 0.10 of section III; disc of upper calypter tan, rim dark with long tan setae; disc of lower calypter tan, rim tan with long pale setae; subcostal sclerite tan with pubescence only; basicosta yellow-brown, tegula dark brown.</p> <p>Abdomen blue with whitish tomentum, with pair of stout setae on lateral margins of T1–5; row of stout setae on posterior margins of T4–5, disc of T5 with row of stout setae midway, rest of disc with sparse, fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus narrow at base, expanded midway and narrower at tip (Fig. 49); in posterior view, cerci short and broad, unlike in other species of the genus (Fig. 50); phallus in lateral view as in Fig. 139; in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes very narrow (Fig. 140); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 212; ST1–5 as in Fig. 255.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.246 (0.23–0.26/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of OU shape; T7 continuous, narrowed midway; T8 as two widely separated sclerites; epiproct bilobed (Fig. 298); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 342; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 384); ST2–5 as in Fig. 427.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Costa Rica, Cartago; USNM; Fig. 467), labeled: COSTA RICA / La Suiza ’23 [= 1923] / Pab. Schild; 29 III [probably 29 March]; Mesembrinella / uniseta / Ald.; AL Melander / Collection / 1961; Type / 26798 / No. / U.S. N.M. [red label]; USNMENT01288287.</p> <p>Remarks. Aldrich (1925) stated that the number was 26797 but the specimen label on the type says 26798.</p> <p>PARATYPES: Costa Rica, Cartago. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ [both labeled “ paratype #26798”], La Suiza, 29.iii.1923, Pablo Schild (USNM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ [both labeled “ paratype #26798”], same data as previous (NHMUK).</p> <p>Additional material examined. Costa Rica, Cartago. 1 ♂*, 1 ♂♦ (TLW408), 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀, R. Grande de Orosi desde Administracion hasta Send. La Pava, 1150–1600 m, ii.1997, R. Guzmán (INBIO); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, R. Grande de Orosi, desde Administración hasta Send. La Pava, 1150–1600 m, ii.1997, L_N_192500 560400 #45463, R. Guzmán (INBIO); 1 ♂♦ (TLW404), 1 ♂♦* (TLW405, terminalia glued on pin), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ *, Tapanti, Quebrada Segunda, Orilla del Rio Grande de Orosi, 1–150 m, 18–20.ii.1997, L_N_192500 560401 #45297, M. Segura (IN- BIO).</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica.</p> <p>Remarks. Hall (1948) moved M. uniseta to Huascaromusca. Three specimens (TLW 404–405 and TLW 408) were barcoded; the sequences clustered together close to M. bullata (Fig. 488).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F60FF8FFF19BABE303AF85A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F65FF8AFF19BABE3754F8C0.text	03DA87E60F65FF8AFF19BABE3754F8C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella violacea Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella violacea Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 51–52, 141–142, 213, 256, 299, 343, 428, 468, 488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A large blue-black fly, averaging 11.75 mm (11–13/4) in length. Postpronotal setae 2x 2; subcostal sclerite bare; outer ph absent; wing faintly yellowish, darker yellow near base of costa; abdomen blue-black; male frons narrow, 0.015 of head width at narrowest.</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.015/3 of head width at narrowest, about half width of parafacial at level of lunule; fronto-orbital pale and slender, frontal setae ascending about 30% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta obliterated in upper 2/3, lower third of frontal vitta orange, of triangular shape; parafacial narrow, silvery when viewed from above, orange when viewed from below; gena pale orange with mix of long and short black setae, posteroventral corner with silvery tomentum and black setae extending from occiput; postgena orange with long orange setae; occiput mostly covered with silvery tomentum and fine, short golden setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark reddish-brown; upper edge just below postoccipital setae without tomentum, shiny black with short black setae; antenna orange; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus about 1/3 larger than posterior ocelli; facial ridge with only small cluster of supravibrissal setae at base of facial ridge.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum shiny orange-brown with three broad, irregular tomentose stripes extending from prescutum through to scutum; pleural area orange; chaetotaxy: ac 1:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 0, ppn 2x 2, kat 2:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair crossed ap, sa absent, 1 weak lat, 1 stout bas, pb absent, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles medium-sized, anterior spiracle pale yellow, posterior spiracle orange; legs: femora orange, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing faintly yellowish, slightly darker yellow near base of costa; basicosta pale orange, tegula brown; section IV 0.13 of section III; discs of calypters reddish-brown; rim of upper calypter dark with short, dark reddish setae; rim of lower calypter pale with long, pale reddish setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 orange-brown; T3–5 dark shiny purple with whitish tomentum in anterior half; T1+2 with lateral cluster of long setae and lone marginal seta posterolaterally; T3 with pair of posterolateral setae; T4 and T5 each with row of stout marginal setae; disc of T5 with horizontal row of stout setae midway, rest of disc with dense, fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus fairly broad and parallel sided, with slight backward bend distally, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 51); in posterior view, base of cerci narrow, parallel-sided, rectangular and with pointed tips (Fig. 52); phallus in lateral view with medium-sized epiphallus and large basiphallus (Fig. 141); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow with coarse serrations (Fig. 142); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 213; ST2–5 as in Fig. 256.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.223 (0.21–0.24/3) of head width at narrowest. T6 of RV shape; T7 broad and continuous, weakened midway; T8 wide, weakened midway; epiproct divided (Fig. 299); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 343; ST2–5 as in Fig. 428.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂* (Costa Rica, Limon; INBIO; Fig. 468), labeled: Est. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, / R. Cerere. Res. Biol. Hitoy / Cerere, Prov. Limon, / Costa Rica, 30 jul a 20 jun / 1992, F.A. Quesada / L-N 184200, 643300; COSTA RICA INBIO / CRI000 / 769913; HOLOTYPE / Huascaromusca / violacea / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀ ♦ (TLW410): Costa Rica, Limón. Matina, 2.5 km sw de Colonia Puriscalefia 300 m, 15 Oct 1999, E. Rojas L_N_221700 604300 #56990 (INBIO).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Costa Rica, Alajuela. 1 ♂♦* (TLW265), P.N. Volcau Teuorio Est. Pilou, 1.5 km s. C. Carmela, 700–800 m, 15.ix–9.x.2006, J.A. Azofiefa, Malaise Trap (INBIO). Cartago. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW332), Turrialba Tres Equis, P.N. Barbilla Send Prinicipal a R. Barbilla, 400–500 m, 20–21.i.2002 (INBIO); 1 ♂♦ (TLW400), Chirripo, Turri- alba, Grano de Oro, 1120 m, 31.viii.1992, P. Campos (INBIO). Limón. 1 ♀ *, Est. Hitoy Cerere, R. Cere Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Costa Rica, 100 m, vi.1992, L_N_184200 643300, G. Carballo (INBIO).</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica.</p> <p>Remarks. Four specimens (TLW 265, TLW 332, TLW 400 and TLW 410) were barcoded. They formed a distinct group close to M. nigrocoerulea sp. nov. (Fig. 488).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name violacea is derived from the Latin violaceus (purple) and was chosen because of the distinctive dark purple abdomen in well-preserved specimens.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F65FF8AFF19BABE3754F8C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F5FFFB0FF19BABE3114F8A5.text	03DA87E60F5FFFB0FF19BABE3114F8A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella vogelsangi (Mello 1967)	<div><p>Mesembrinella vogelsangi (Mello, 1967)</p> <p>(Figs 8, 53–54, 143–144, 214, 257, 300, 344, 385, 429)</p> <p>Huascaromusca vogelsangi Mello, 1967: 46. Holotype male (FIOC), not examined. Type locality: Aragua, Venezuela.</p> <p>Huascaromusca vogelsangi: Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 867); Wolff et al. (2017: 253); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 109).</p> <p>Mesembrinella vogelsangi: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A brownish, medium-sized fly averaging 11.6 mm (11–12/5) in length.Abdomen with distinct dark marginal bands on posterior edge of each segment; T4–5 sometimes with purplish reflections; subcostal sclerite setose; femora all orange; male frons narrow, about 0.017 of head width at narrowest, about half width of anterior ocellus.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.017 (0.015 –0.020 /3) of head width at narrowest, about half width of anterior ocellus; fronto-orbital slender, silvery when viewed from above, orange when viewed from below, frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; frontal vitta orange, obliterated about midway; parafacial golden to orange, narrow above, broader below; gena orange with horizontal row of stout setae on ventral edge and small scattered dark setae, posterodorsal corner with silvery tomentum extending from occiput; postgena orange with tan setae; occiput with silvery tomentum and fine golden setae; median occipital sclerite broad, shiny dark orange; antenna orange; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; facial ridge with dark brown supravibrissal setae extending about 1/5 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax brown with dense tan tomentum, with irregular shiny brown areas and a pair of shiny anterolateral brown spots in presutural area; postsutural area similar, with irregular bare areas; pleura orange; chaetotaxy: ac 1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1, meron with fine setae and short horizontal portion, 1 pair converging ap, sa absent, lat weak, bas stout, pb weak, 1 disc subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles medium-sized, anterior one pale yellow, posterior one orange; legs: femora orange, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing hyaline, faintly yellowish, slightly darker yellow along costa; subcostal sclerite setose; tegula orange, basicosta brown; section IV 0.27 of section III; calypters with tan discs; upper calypter with dark rim and short reddish setae, lower calypter with brown rim and long reddish setae.</p> <p>Abdomen brownish with dark band on posterior edge of each segment [in the three examined males the abdomens are dull and may be discolored; female abdomens were much brighter blue]; T4–5 sometimes with faint purplish reflections; lateral margin of T3 with two pairs of setae; posterior margins of T4–5 with rows of stout setae; disc of T5 with horizontal row of stout setae midway, rest of disc with sparse, short, fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus curved backward [unusual for M. aeneiventris species-group], cercus with apical hook (Fig. 53); in posterior view, basal half of cerci broad, distal half tapering to a point (Fig. 54); in dorsal and lateral views, hypophallic lobes narrow (Figs 143–144). T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 214; ST2–5 as in Fig. 257.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.235 (0.23–0.24/2) of head width at narrowest. Females tend to have more purple on abdomen than males, especially toward posterior end. T6 of WV shape, T7 slender and weakened midway, T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 300). ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 344; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 385). ST1–5 as in Fig. 429.</p> <p>Material examined. Venezuela, Aragua. 1 ♂*, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀, Edo. Aragua, 18–27.ii.1971, 1100 m, G. &amp; M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♂, Aragua, Giradot, Rancho Grande, 14.vii.1979, R.O. Schuster, R.W. Brooks, A.A. Grigarick, J. McLaughlin (UCDC).</p> <p>Distribution. Venezuela. Marinho et al. (2017) listed Colombia.</p> <p>Remarks. The male and female terminalia in M. vogelsangi are similar to those of M. zurquiensis sp. nov., but frons width in the male is very different. In M. vogelsangi the frons is quite narrow, about 0.02 of head width at narrowest, vs. much wider, 0.09 of head width at narrowest, in M. zurquiensis. No specimens were barcoded.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F5FFFB0FF19BABE3114F8A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F50FFBEFF19BABE36D0FD40.text	03DA87E60F50FFBEFF19BABE36D0FD40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella xanthorrhina (Bigot 1887)	<div><p>Mesembrinella xanthorrhina (Bigot, 1887)</p> <p>(Fig. 469)</p> <p>Calliphora xanthorrhina Bigot, 1887: 619. Lectotype female (OUMNH), examined. Type locality: Mexico.</p> <p>Mesembrinella xanthorrhina: Guimar „es (1977: 35); Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 260); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff (2013: 121); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 109).</p> <p>Mesembrinella xanthorrhina: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly, the two specimens examined measured 11 mm each. A dark-colored fly, normal color likely bluish with pale tomentum [the specimens examined were faded and discolored]; ppn with 3x 3 setae; subcostal sclerite bare; legs dark reddish brown, apex of femora orange; anterior spiracle yellow-brown, posterior spiracle darker brown; acrostichal setae 2:1; upper calypter with tan disc and dark brown rim with short dark setae; lower calypter with disc darker brown, rim reddish brown with long reddish-brown setae.</p> <p>Redescription. [Based only on the lectotype female (Fig. 469) and a female paralectotype.] Female. Head. Frons 0.245 (0.240 –0.250 /2) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital and upper 2/3 of parafacial yellow-orange, lower 1/3 of parafacial dull orange; frontal vitta reddish below, black above; gena dull orange; postgena with long golden setae and silvery tomentum over dark vestiture; occiput with silvery tomentum and weak yellow setae; palpus and antenna typical; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral facets; frontal setae ending just before ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle small, with ocelli similar in size; supravibrissal setae dark brown, ascending about 1/5 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum and pleura blackish, subshining, with faint presutural stripes; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 0, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae typical, in an inverted L shape with long black setae, 1 pair converging ap [remaining scutellar chaetotaxy not noted]; subscutellum weakly developed; anterior spiracle yellow-brown, posterior spiracle brown; legs dark reddish-brown, apices of femora orange. Wing hyaline with some darkening at base; section IV 0.20 of section III; disc of upper calypter tan, rim dark with dark setae; disc of lower calypter brown, rim reddish with reddish-brown setae; subcostal sclerite bare; basicosta dark orange, tegula orange.</p> <p>Abdomen black, T4 subshining with complete row of marginal setae; T5 without posterior row of setae; disc of T5 with irregular stout setae, rest of disc with sparse, fine setae. [Terminalia and sternites were not dissected because of the fragile condition of the specimens.]</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material examined. LECTOTYPE ♀ (Mexico; OUMNH; Fig. 469), labeled: C. xanthorhina ♀ / So- momyia / Mexique [= Mexico] J. Bigot; Brauer / WIEN. CVIII / (No. 230); Mesembrinella id / syn M. cruciata Townsend / of Aldrich 1922.; CALLIPHORA ♀ / XANTHORHINA Bigot / LECTOTYPE -1974 / J. H. Guimarães det.; LECTO- / TYPE [round label with purple border]; Huascaromusca / xanthorrhina / S.R. Bonatto det. 2001.</p> <p>PARALECTOTYPE: ♀, Brauer; Wien., CVIII, (No. 230); Calliphora xanthorrhina Bigot, paralectotype 1974, J.H. Guimar„es det.; Huascaromusca xanthorrhina S.R. Bonatto det. 2001 (OUMNH).</p> <p>Remarks. Both specimens are in poor condition. They are discolored, faded and covered with hyphae from fungal growth and with many setae missing (Fig. 469). The lectotype has its right wing broken off, but it is with the specimen on a piece of card; the left posterior thoracic spiracle is damaged and several legs are damaged or missing. The paralectotype has a fracture on the dorsum of the thorax from the left lateral side along the transverse suture, but the thorax is still intact.</p> <p>Remarks. Only two females are known from Bigot’s (1887) type series. Though he listed five syntypes, no other specimens from the type series have been located. Bigot wrote the species name as “xanthorhina” on a label pinned under the lectotype, but he spelled it with two r’s in the text of his paper. Guimar„es (1977) followed this label when he wrote the lectotype label with only one r. Bonatto (2001) added a label to the specimen when he transferred this species to Huascaromusca, writing the name with two r’s. Based on the spelling used in the text of his paper, we have concluded that Bigot intended the species name to be spelled with two r’s and have listed H. xanthorrhina as the correct name.</p> <p>Guimar„es (1977) placed this species in Mesembrinella and synonymized Mesembrinella spicata with it based on examination of the lectotype and paralectotype. Bonatto &amp; Marinoni (2005) considered this an error, resurrected M. spicata and placed it in a new genus, Henriquella. My examination of the M. xanthorrhina types confirmed their conclusion: they resemble M. spicata but differ in several characters (see key).</p> <p>The identity of M. xanthorrhina remains a puzzle. Males are unknown and the exact locality of collection of the two remaining type specimens is unknown, the only information being “ Mexique [Mexico]”. The type specimens are in very fragile condition and it seemed unwise to dissect the terminalia, which might have helped match it with another known species; however, no other female or male specimens with the exact same combination of characters noted for the types have been found. Females of both M. mexicana sp. nov. and M. spicata found in Mexico resemble these specimens, but neither are an exact match for the types of M. xanthorrhina. The most notable difference is that the M. xanthorrhina types have a row of stout discal setae on ST5 placing them in M. aeneiventris species-group, whereas species in the M. spicata group lack discal setae in the male and have only a few irregular discal setae in some females. Marinho et al. (2017) retained M. xanthorrhina in the genus Mesembrinella rather than transferring it to Huascaromusca as Bonatto (2001) suggested, because that recommendation was contained in his dissertation, which is widely available but unpublished. Bonatto (2001) described and illustrated a male of “ xanthorrhina ” from in Peru. However, the specimen he illustrated does not match any known mesembrinellid species and likely belongs to an undescribed species. He did not match any female specimens from Peru to that male. He also listed this species from Colombia, Mexico and Panama. In our opinion, the male of this species is still unknown. No specimens were barcoded.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico. Guimar„es (1977) listed it from Panama; Bonatto (2001) also listed it from Colombia and Peru. We consider only the Mexico record as valid and the other records as uncertain, as we believe there has been some confusion about the identity of this species.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F50FFBEFF19BABE36D0FD40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F51FFB9FF19B96236A6F898.text	03DA87E60F51FFB9FF19B96236A6F898.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella zurquiensis Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella zurquiensis Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 55–56, 145–146, 215, 258, 301, 345, 386, 430, 470, 488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized, blue-brown fly averaging 9.6 mm (9–10/5) in length. Postpronotal setae 3x 3; subcostal sclerite setose; apex of mid and hind femur darkened; thorax usually with ac 2:1; T4 and T5 with purple highlights and whitish tomentum. Male frons about 0.09 of head width at narrowest.</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.09 (0.08–0.10/5) of head width at narrowest, about equal to 2/3 width of first flagellomere; fronto-orbital slender, upper half silvery, lower half orange; frontal setae extending to ocellar triangle, very tiny in upper half; frontal vitta dark orange; parafacial slender and yellow-orange; gena orange with horizontal row of stout, black setae along venter and across parafacial to vibrissa otherwise with small dark setae; postgena orange with long golden setae; occipital area with fine golden setae and silvery tomentum, upper edge bare and more or less shiny black; median occipital sclerite dark brown; palpus typical; antenna orange, first flagellomere with gray tomentum; eye with median facets about 4x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small with anterior ocellus and posterior ocelli about equal in size; supravibrissal setae black, short and stout, ascending about 1/5 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax shiny; dorsum brown with four irregular whitish, tomentose stripes; pleura dark orange with silvery tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 3x 3 [two examined specimens ppn 2x 2], kat 1:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair converging ap, sa absent, 1 weak lat, 1 stout b, 1 pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles orange, medium-sized; legs: femora orange, distal end of mid and hind femora black, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing faintly yellow, darker yellow at base near costa; subcostal sclerite with long, dense setae; section IV 0.25 of section III; upper and lower calypters brown; rim of upper calypter sooty with short brown setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long brown setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 yellow-orange, T3–5 more or less shiny bluish-purple with whitish tomentum; T1+2 with cluster of setae laterally; T3 with 1 or 2 stout lateral marginal setae; rear margins of T4–5 with row of stout setae; disc of T5 with stout horizontal row of setae midway, rest of disc with sparse, short, fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus curving backward, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 55); in posterior view cerci pear-shaped, narrowed at base, widest midway then tapering to rounded tips (Fig. 56); phallus in left lateral view with long slender epiphallus with moderate backward curve (Fig. 145); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow (Fig. 146); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 215; ST1–5 as in Fig. 258.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.208 (0.20–0.22/5) of head width at narrowest. Median eye facets only slightly larger than lateral facets. T6 of OV shape, T7 with suture midway, T8 as separate sclerites, rear of epiproct recessed midway (Fig. 301); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 345; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 386). ST1–5 as in Fig. 430.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Costa Rica, San José; INBIO; Fig. 470), labeled: COSTA RICA. Prov. San José. Moravia. Zurquí de / Moravia, Creek 2. 1600 m. 17 NOV 2012. Proyecto / ZADBI. Mercury light trap, ZA- DBI-217. -84:00:57 / 10:02:58 #105404; INB0004343316 / INBIOCRI COSTA RICA; HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / zurquiensis / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀: Costa Rica, San José, Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path, 1600 m, 26.iv–3.v.2013, Project ZA- DBI-728, Malaise trap, #106748 (LACM).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Costa Rica, Cartago. 1 ♂*, Quebrada Segunda, P.N. Tapanti, A.C. Amistad, 1250 m, xi.1993, L_N_194000 559800 #2497, G. Mora (INBIO); 1 ♂, Paraiso, P.N. Tapanti, 1600 m, 11–17.xi.2012, Malaise trap, #105648, ZADBI; 2 ♂♂, same data except 18–28.x.2012; 2 ♂♂, same data except 9–16.xii.2012, #105652 (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except 23–30.xii.2012, #106166 (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except 30.xii.2012 – 6.i.2013, #106167 (INBIO); 2 ♂♂, same data except 25.xi–2.xii.2012 #105650 (INBIO); 1 ♀, Paraiso, P.N. Tapanti-Macizo de La Muerte, 1600 m, 18–28.x.2012, Malaise trap, #105322, ZADBI (INBIO); 1 ♀, Paraiso, P.N. Tapanti, 1600 m, 10– 17.ii.2013, Malaise trap, #106173, ZADBI (INBIO). Heredia. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW336), 4 ♀♀, 16 km SSE <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.083336/lat 10.266666)">La Virgen</a>, 1050- 10°16ʹN 84°05ʹW, 1150 m, 9–14.iii.2001, flight intercept trap, primary forest, E.G. Riley (TAMU). Puntarenas. 2 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW382, TLW415), 2 ♀♀, Monteverde, 25–30.viii.1991, 1500 m, D.M Wood (CNC); 1 ♂, same data except 20–25.viii.1991 (CNC); 1 ♀, same data except Cloud Forest Lodge, 22.viii.1995 (CNC); 1 ♀ ♦.(TLW383), same data except 14.vii.2010, J.M. Cumming (CNC); 1 ♀, Monteverde, 20–24.vi.1986, W. Hanson, G. Bohart (LACM); 1 ♂♦* (TLW402), Las Alturas Biol. Stat., 20 air km NE of San Vito, Cerro Chai at peak, 2100 m, 13.viii.1995, C.R. Nelson and S. Marshall, #6255 (BYU). San José. 1 ♂*, Zurquí de Moravia, Zurquí Project, end of path tower, 1600 m, 12–18.vii.2012, [no collector], bait trap with chicken (INBIO); 1 ♂* 1 ♂, same data except Creek 2, 17.xi.2012, mercury light trap (INBIO); 1 ♀ *, same data except 16.iii.2013, hand collected, #106376 (INBIO); 4 ♂♂, same data except 2–4.viii.2012, Malaise trap (INBIO); 1 ♂♦* (TLW379), 1♂♦ (TLW380), same data except vii.1989, P. Han- son (CNC); 1 ♂♦ (TLW333), Zurquí de Moravia, 12–18.vii.2012, [no collector] (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW381), same data except 31.vii.1989, P. Hanson (CNC); 1 ♂ ♦ (TLW334), 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW414), same data except 22.ix.2012 (CNC); 1 ♂♦ (TLW335), same data except 18.xi.2012 (CNC); 1 ♂, Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path, 50 m, 19–26.vii.2013, Emergence trap over vegetation, #107290, ZADBI (LACM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW413), 4 ♀♀, same data except Malaise trap, #107274 (LACM); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW412), 6 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, Creek 2 North, 26.vii–2.viii.2013, Malaise trap #2, #107489, ZADBI (LACM); 1 ♂, Zurquí de Moravia, Creek 2 North, 1600 m, 3–10.v.2013, Malaise trap #2, #106721, ZADBI (INBIO); 1 ♂, Zurquí de Moravia, end path torre, 1600 m, 23.ix.2012, CDC light trap, #105065, ZADBI (INBIO); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ * Zurquí de Moravia, North pasture, 1600 m, 16.xii.2012, bait trap with pig dung, #105697, ZADBI (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW411), same data except 16.iv.2013 hand collected, #106595(INBIO); 1 ♂, Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path, 75 m. 11–18.x.2013, Emergence trap over leaf litter, #107963, ZADBI (LACM); 2 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, Creek 2 North, 19–26.vii.2013, Malaise trap #2, #107274, ZADBI (LACM); 9 ♀♀, Zurquí de Moravia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.02&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.02/lat 10.05)">Tower</a> path, 10.05°N 84.02°W, 1600 m, 2–9.viii.2013, fish bait trap, #207515, ZADBI (LACM); 6 ♀♀, same data except 16–23.viii.2013, #107690 (LACM); 5 ♀♀, same data except 19–26.viii.2013, #107277(LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 9–16.viii.2013, #107541 (LACM); 1 ♀, Cascajal de Coronado, Bajo La Rosa, 3.v.1995, Bau- mann &amp; Houseman (BYU).</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica.</p> <p>Remarks. Fifteen specimens (TLW 333–337, TLW 379–383 and TLW 411–415) were barcoded; they formed a distinct cluster with some genetic variation within it, probably reflecting intra-specific variation (Fig. 488).</p> <p>The condition of presutural ac setae was consistently 2: 1 in the many specimens examined from the Zurqui area of San José province. However, this condition was variable in specimens from other provinces, from presutural ac setae normal to very weak to both absent in the Cartago, Heredia and Puntarenas provinces.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name zurquiensis was chosen for the area known as Zurquí, found at 9°54ʹ38ʺN 84°3ʹ10ʺW, a Costa Rican cloud forest at 1600 m on the southwest margin of Braulio Carrillo National Park where the species was found to be a common. This area was the subject of an intensive collection effort to study fly diversity over several years (Borkent et al. 2018).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F51FFB9FF19B96236A6F898	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F56FFB8FF19BD5A37C6FED4.text	03DA87E60F56FFB8FF19BD5A37C6FED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius 1805)	<div><p>Mesembrinella bicolor species-group</p> <p>Recognition. Anterior spiracle with broad oval opening above; disc of T5 without horizontal row of stout setae.</p> <p>Male with epandrium moderate in size; surstylus and cercus in close proximity, tending to curve toward each other in lateral view (as in Fig. 63); only M. longicercus has both surstylus and cercus straight (Fig. 77). Surstylus usually with a distinct curve posteriorly, whereas the cercus is fairly straight except for forward-curving tip; phallus broad in dorsal view anterior to hypophallic lobes (as in Fig. 154); sternites typically broader at base (ST1) and usually progressively narrower and smaller distally (ST2–4), with ST5 bilobed as in Fig. 262 [in a few species, segments ST1–4 are about of equal width, Fig. 278]; T4 and T5 about equal in length.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F56FFB8FF19BD5A37C6FED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F57FFBBFF19BB9E31B1FACC.text	03DA87E60F57FFBBFF19BB9E31B1FACC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius 1805)	<div><p>Key to species of the M. bicolor species-group</p> <p>1 Postpronotal lobe with 3 setae........................................................................... 2</p> <p>- Postpronotal lobe with 2 setae.......................................................................... 19</p> <p>2 Stem vein setose dorsally (Fig. 489)...................................................................... 3</p> <p>- Stem vein bare dorsally................................................................................ 4</p> <p>3 Wing yellowish along costa; subcostal sclerite with pubescence only; male frons narrow, 0.01 of head width at narrowest; female T6 of FU shape (Fig. 314); [known only from Brazil].......................................... M. peregrina</p> <p>- Wing with dark infuscation along costa (similar to Fig. 2); subcostal sclerite setose; male frons broader, 0.03–0.06 of head width at narrowest; female T 6 in WU shape (Fig. 304); [known from Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru; Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Suriname and Venezuela]................ M. bellardiana</p> <p>4 Wing with brownish to dark brown infuscation along costa (similar to Fig. 2)...................................... 5</p> <p>- Wing hyaline (similar to Fig. 1) or yellowish (not brown) along costa; basal area of wing may be darkened............. 13</p> <p>5 Abdomen with heavy whitish tomentum and dark pit-like spots around setal sockets (Fig. 103); epiphallus of normal length; hypophallic lobes broad and of elongate oval shape in dorsal view (Fig. 148); female T6 of WV shape (Fig. 303); [known from Brazil, Ecuador and Peru; Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Colombia, Trinidad and Venezuela]........... M. batesi</p> <p>- Abdomen without heavy whitish tomentum or dark pit-like spots; epiphallus of variable length; hypophallic lobes not broad, elongate and oval in dorsal view......................................................................... 6</p> <p>6 Supravibrissal setae bright orange; setae on subcostal sclerite, if present, bright orange.............................. 7</p> <p>- Supravibrissal setae usually brown or black; if orange, then very dark not bright; setae on subcostal sclerite, if present, not orange.............................................................................................. 8</p> <p>7 All legs reddish; wing with section IV 0.63 of section III; epiphallus of normal length (Fig. 187); hypophallic lobes very narrow in dorsal view (Fig. 188); [known only from Venezuela]..................................... M. velasquezae sp. nov.</p> <p>- Mid and hind tibiae and tarsi black or dark brown; wing with section IV 0.82 of section III; epiphallus unusually short (Fig. 161); hypophallic lobes broad and pear-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 162); [known from Brazil, Ecuador and Peru; Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Bolivia and Colombia].................................................. M. currani</p> <p>8 A large fly (usually 16–17 mm); section IV of wing 0.50 of section III or more.................................... 9</p> <p>- A small to medium-sized fly (8–12 mm); section IV of wing 0.35 of section III or less, except 0.44 in M. serrata........ 10</p> <p>9 Palpus yellow; discal scutellar setae present; section IV of wing 0.51 of section III; face dark; wing with veins in posterior half outlined with dark shading; epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 81–82; [known only from Bolivia; Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Colombia and Costa Rica]..................................................... M. pictipennis</p> <p>- Palpus brown; discal scutellar setae absent; section IV of wing 0.75 of section III; face yellowish; wing veins in posterior half only faintly shaded; epandrium, cerci and surstyli illustrated in Guimar„es (1977: figs 70, 87); [known only from Colombia]......................................................................................... M. apollinaris</p> <p>10 Wing with section IV more than 0.30 of section III; hypophallic lobes in dorsal view with distinctive coarse serrations (Figs 156, 180)........................................................................................... 11</p> <p>- Wing with section IV less than 0.25 of section III; hypophallic lobes with finer serrations dorsally (Figs 178, 184)....... 12</p> <p>11 Wing with dark infuscated area along costa to R 2+3; a larger fly, about 12 mm in length; mid and hind femora with basal 1/4 to 1/2 brown and apical half of lighter, yellow-orange color [slightly darker in one specimen]; ac usually 2:3 or 2:2; wing with section IV 0.31 of section III; epiphallus very short (Fig. 155); hypophallic lobes narrow in dorsal view (Fig. 156); female T6 of OV shape (Fig. 307), without suture midway; [known only from Bolivia and Peru]..................... M. brunnipes</p> <p>- Distal 2/3 of wing faintly infuscated along costa; a smaller fly, around 9 mm in length; all femora entirely orange; ac 2:1; wing with section IV 0.44 of section III; epiphallus of normal length (Fig. 179); hypophallic lobes broad and pear-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 180); female T6 of WV shape (Fig. 319), with suture midway; [known only from Peru]....... M. serrata sp. nov.</p> <p>12 Tibiae and tarsi brown; abdomen with distinct oblique pale streaks of tomentum; ac usually 2:3; male frons 0.015 of head width at narrowest; female T6 of OV shape (Fig. 321); [known only from Brazil (Marinho et al. 2017), Peru and Bolivia]................................................................................................. M. townsendi</p> <p>- Tibiae orange; abdomen with some pale tomentum, but not in oblique streaks; ac usually 2:1; male frons 0.063 of head width at narrowest; female T6 of WU shape (Fig. 318); [known only from Brazil]........................... M. semihyalina</p> <p>13 Wing with distinct yellowish area along costa or entirely yellowed............................................. 14</p> <p>- Wing usually hyaline or with very faint yellowing, primarily along costa........................................ 16</p> <p>14 Subcostal sclerite bare; discs of upper and lower calypters pale; rim of upper calypter dark with pale setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long pale setae; wing with section IV 0.28 of section III; [widespread and common; Mexico and Central and South America except Argentina and Chile (Marinho et al. 2017)]............................................. M. bicolor</p> <p>- Subcostal sclerite setose; wing section IV 0.45 or more of section III........................................... 15</p> <p>15 Scutellum without discal setae; abdomen entirely shiny purple-blue; wing with heavy yellowing along costal margin, whole wing yellowish except cell r 4+5 with clear oval in middle; upper and lower calypters reddish; rim of upper calypter dark with short reddish setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long reddish setae; epandrium with fine dark setae (Fig. 95); phallus in dorsal view without curved horn-like structures projecting from sides of basiphallus; hypophallic lobes narrow (Fig. 186); female T6 of WV shape (Fig. 322); [widespread in Central America and northern South America].................. M. umbrosa</p> <p>- Scutellum with discal setae; abdomen bluish, with heavy whitish tomentum and dark pit-like areas around setal sockets (similar to Fig. 103); wing mostly hyaline, with yellow area only along costa; upper and lower calypters pale; rim of upper calypter slightly darkened, with short pale setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long pale setae; epandrium with stout black setae (Figs 69–70); phallus in dorsal view with long curved posterior directed horn-like structures projecting from sides of basiphallus; hypophallic lobes broad and oval-shaped (Fig. 160); female T6 of RV shape (Fig. 309); [known from French Guiana and Brazil].................................................................................... M. chantryi sp. nov.</p> <p>16 Postpronotal lobe and femora orange..................................................................... 17</p> <p>- Postpronotal lobe and femora bluish..................................................................... 18</p> <p>17 Subcostal sclerite setose; thorax with 2:2 or 2:3 ac, 1 ia, kat 2:1; male frons 0.08 of head width at narrowest; male T3 a triangle of bluish cuticle from hind margin to point in middle of tergite (Fig. 493); surstylus and cercus robust (Figs 91–92); epiphallus normal (Fig. 181); female T6 of OV shape; [known from Central America and northern South America]......... M. socors</p> <p>- Subcostal sclerite bare; thorax with 2:1 ac, 0 ia, kat 1:1; male frons 0.025 of head width at narrowest; T3 without a triangle of bluish cuticle on hind margin; surstylus and cercus slender (Figs 75–76); epiphallus very short (Fig. 165); female T6 of in WV shape (Fig. 312); [known from Costa Rica and Panama]............................................. M. flavicrura</p> <p>18 T5 with dense, irregular, long and slender setae; kat 2:1; male frons 0.04 of head width at narrowest; epandrium, cerci and surstyli distinctive: surstylus long and straight in lateral view, cercus even longer and also straight (Fig. 77); in posterior view, surstyli much shorter than cerci and apically curved outward, basal two-thirds of cerci narrow, parallel-sided (Fig. 78); phallus in dorsal view exceptionally narrow (Fig. 168). Female T6 of OV shape (Fig. 313); [known only from Bolivia]............................................................................................. M. longicercus sp. nov.</p> <p>- T5 with shorter, sparser setae; kat 1:1; male frons broader, 0.09 of head width at narrowest; epandrium, cerci and surstyli in lateral view with surstylus very short, slightly curved backward, and cerci much longer than surstyli (Fig. 67); in posterior view, basal half of cerci bulbous, apical half abruptly narrowing to tip (Fig. 68); phallus in dorsal view broader (Fig. 158); female T6 of RV shape (Fig. 308); [known only from Bolivia]............................................ M. bullata sp. nov.</p> <p>19 Wing entirely hyaline; male frons narrow, 0.06 of head width at narrowest; female T6 of WV shape (Fig. 305); [known from French Guiana, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela; Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Brazil]................. M. benoisti</p> <p>- Wing with more or less dark infuscation along costa; male frons broader, 0.08–0.12 of head width at narrowest.......... 20</p> <p>20 Wing with weak infuscation along costa; T1+2–T4 with bluish-purple horizontal bands on posterior margins (best seen in well-preserved specimens); ac 0:2; rim of upper calypter sooty; female T6 of OV shape (Fig. 311); [known only from Brazil; Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Colombia].............................................. M. cyaneicincta</p> <p>- Wing with dark infuscation along costa; T1+2-T4 without horizontal bands on posterior margin; ac 0:1; rim of upper calypter light or dark........................................................................................ 21</p> <p>21 T4 with complete row of marginal setae; posthumeral seta absent; upper calypter with pale rim; male frons 0.10 of head width at narrowest; female T6 of WV shape; T7 narrowed midway (Fig. 316); [known from Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela; Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Colombia and Venezuela]........................... M. quadrilineata</p> <p>- T4 without row of marginal setae; posthumeral seta present, sometimes small; upper calypter with dark rim; male frons narrower, 0.08 of head width at narrowest; female T6 of FU shape; T7 broad midway (Fig. 317); [known from Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana and Peru].............................................................................. M. randa</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F57FFBBFF19BB9E31B1FACC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F54FFBAFF19BFE0301EFBE0.text	03DA87E60F54FFBAFF19BFE0301EFBE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella apollinaris Seguy. 1925	<div><p>Mesembrinella apollinaris Séguy, 1925</p> <p>(Figs 302, 346, 387, 431, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella apollinaris Séguy, 1925: 196. Lectotype male (MNHN), not examined. Type locality: Villavicencio, Colombia. Mesembrinella apollinaris: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 259); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff (2013: 121); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 866); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A very large species [a single female was examined by us, measuring 17 mm in length; Guimar„es (1977) gave a body length of 15 mm for this species]; postpronotal setae 3x 3; stem vein bare; wing heavily infuscated, dark brown: anterior half all dark, posterior half with infuscation around veins; dorsum of abdomen without heavy, irregular, tomentose pit-like spots (see Fig. 103); supravibrissal setae dark reddish-brown; section IV of wing 0.75 of section III; palpus brown; scutellum without discal setae.</p> <p>Redescription. Male [none available for examination; the information given here is taken from Guimar„es (1977)]. Frons 0.05 of head width at vertex; thoracic chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 3:3, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, 1 pair converging ap, 1 sa, 1 lat, 1 bas, 1 pb, disc absent. [Guimar„es (1977) illustrated the epandrium, cerci and surstyli (figs 70, 87) and phallus (figs 116, 137).]</p> <p>Female [one specimen examined and dissected]. Frons 0.26/1 of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital yellow with silvery tomentum; frontal vitta broad and reddish-brown; frontal setae ascending to vertex; parafacial with heavy, shiny silvery tomentum; gena dark orange with faint silvery tomentum, unusually narrow with typical horizontal row of about five stout black setae midway; postgena orange with dark setae; occiput with gleaming silvery tomentum and long wiry whitish setae, median occipital sclerite shiny dark reddish-brown; antenna: pedicel dull orange, first flagellomere brown, base of arista orange, remainder brown; palpus nontypical, brown [not orange)]; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, ocelli about equal in size; supravibrissal setae dark reddish-brown, in cluster near base and in single row above, ascending about 50% of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax reddish-brown with a pair of pale tomentose stripes; pleura reddish-brown with weak, pale tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph; ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae pattern typical but setae very fine and weak, crossed ap, 1 sa, 0 lat, 1 bas, 1 small pb, 0 disc [unusual for this species-group]; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles medium-sized, pale; legs brown, apex of for femur orange, mid and hind femora with orange distal half. Wing tinted brown with heavy black infuscated area along costa to R 2+3; subcostal sclerite setose (setae tending to blend in with sclerite); basicosta and tegula typical; section IV 0.75 of section III; disc of upper calypter tan with pale area ventrally, rim dark brown with dark setae; disc of lower calypter tan, rim yellow with yellow setae.</p> <p>Abdomen entirely shiny reddish-brown with purple reflections and weak pale tomentum; rear of T4 with a few stout dorsolateral marginal setae, disc of T5 with sparse, fine setae only. Terminalia. T6 of RU shape; T7 narrowed midway; T8 thin and divided midway; epiproct complete (Fig. 302); ST6 very broad, rectangular; ST7 also wide (Fig. 346); ST1–5 of equal width (Fig. 431).</p> <p>Material examined. Colombia, Meta. 1 ♀, 23 km NW Villavicencio Qbda [Quebrada] Susamuco, 1000 m, 5.iii.1972, S. &amp; J. Peck (CNC).</p> <p>Distribution. Colombia.</p> <p>Remarks. The type series consists of the lectotype male and two female paralectotypes collected from the same general area as the lone female specimen examined for this study. This species was not seen from any other area of the Neotropics during this study. One sequence from GenBank (KR820707) was added to the barcode analysis. It was distinct from other species and was recovered close to M. umbrosa (Fig. 488).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F54FFBAFF19BFE0301EFBE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F55FFA5FF19BE8331B4F9C4.text	03DA87E60F55FFA5FF19BE8331B4F9C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella batesi Aldrich. 1922	<div><p>Mesembrinella batesi Aldrich, 1922</p> <p>(Figs 5, 57–58, 103, 147–148, 216, 259, 303, 347, 388, 432, 471, 488, 490)</p> <p>Mesembrinella batesi Aldrich, 1922: 15. Holotype female (NHMUK), examined. Type locality: Brazil, R. Amazons [= Amazon River].</p> <p>Mesembrinella batesi: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 260); Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 137); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff (2013: 121); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A large dark fly averaging 12 mm (11–13/5) in length. Postpronotal lobe 3x 3, stem vein bare; wing with strong infuscation along anterior margin between costa and R 4+5; subcostal sclerite with long, dark setae; abdomen with heavy white tomentum and dark, pit-like areas around setal bases (Fig. 103).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.017 (0.01–0.02/5) of head width at narrowest, about equal to width of base of arista; fronto-orbital broad below, very slender above, frontal setae ascending about 30% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta as an orange triangle in lower 1/3, obliterated above; parafacial bright silvery, narrow above, broad below; gena orange with short, tan setae and a horizontal row of stout setae extending across gena and lower parafacial to vibrissa; pale tomentum extending from occiput into posterodorsal corner of gena; postgena with silvery tomentum with long golden setae; occiput with heavy yellow tomentum and with long, weak pale yellow setae; median occipital sclerite shiny, dark orange; pedicel and first flagellomere yellow-orange; palpus typical; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; facial ridge with short row of dark brown supravibrissal setae ascending about 1/6 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum orange-brown with four broad irregular pale tomentose stripes, pleural area orange; chaetotaxy: ac variable, usually 2:3 but sometimes 2:1 or 2:2, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1, 1 pair converging ap, 1 weak sa, 1 weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles medium-sized, pale yellow. Legs yellow-orange; mid and hind tibiae and tarsi tan. Wing with strong macula along anterior edge between costa and R 4+5; subcostal sclerite with long dark cilia (Fig. 490); basicosta dark orange; tegula pale orange; section IV 0.36 of section III; calypters with tan discs; upper calypter with dark rim and short pale setae, lower calypter with pale rim and long, pale setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2–5 more or less shiny blue and covered with heavy whitish tomentum, with dark pit-like areas around setal sockets (Fig. 103); T3 with two pairs of lateral marginal setae, T4 with weak row of setae on posterior margin; disc of T5 with dense, fine setae only. Terminalia in left lateral view with surstylus curved backward, cercus nearly straight with apical hook (Fig. 57); in posterior view, cerci with narrow base, of rectangular shape with blunt, rounded tips (Fig. 58); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus with broad base and tip sharply curved backward to a fine point (Fig. 147); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes broad and elongate, oval-shaped (Fig. 148); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 216; ST1–5 as in Fig. 259, ST3–4 unusually narrow.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.302 (0.29–0.31/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of WV shape; T7 broad, continuous with anterior edge, recessed midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Figs 303); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 347; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 388); ST1–5 as in Fig. 432.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀ (Brazil; NHMUK; Fig. 471), labeled: Brazil: / R. Amazons. / H.W. Bates. / 66.53.; Amazon. / 66 53; Mesembrinella / batesi / Type Ald.</p> <p>Additional material examined. Brazil, Rondônia. 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 62 km SE Ariquemes, 22–31.x.1997, W.J. Han- son (LACM); ♀ *, same data except 13–25.iv.1992 (LACM); 2 ♀♀, same data except 8–20.xi.1994 (LACM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀, 62 km SE Ariquemes, nr. Fzda. Rancho Grande, 6–15.xii.1990, D.A. Rider &amp; J.E. Eger (FSCA); 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW424), 4 ♀♀, same data except 4–16.XI.1997, Fish Carrion Pitfall, J.E. Eger (LACM); 1 ♂♦ (TLW421), 1 ♀, same data except 3–15.xii.1996, MV &amp; black lights, J.E. Eger (LACM); 1 ♀, 160–350 m vic. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.533334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.8/lat -10.533334)">Caucalandia</a>, 10°32ʹS 62°48ʹW, 12–13.x.1991, pitfall trap baited with human feces, J.R. MacDonald (MEM). Ecuador, Napo. 1 ♂♦ (TLW228), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW231), 1 ♀, Misahualli nr. Tena, 6–19.x.2001, Mal. Tr., C. Brammer (LACM); 1 ♂*, 1 ♂♦ (TLW227), 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW229), same data except 27.iv–2.v.2003 (LACM); 1 ♂, same data except <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.397514&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6761" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.397514/lat -0.6761)">Yasuni Res. Sta.</a>, 0°40.566ʹS 076°23.851ʹW, 250 m, M.T. (LACM). Orellana. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW230), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.14833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.63666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.14833/lat -0.63666666)">RioTiputini</a>, 0°38.2ʹS 76°8.9ʹW, 12–26.viii.1999, W.N. Mathis, A. Baptista, M. Kotrba (LACM). Pastaza. 1 ♂, Limoncocha, 70 mi. SE, on Rio Cononaco, at <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.3166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.1/lat -1.3166666)">Anglo</a> air strip, 1°19ʹS– 76°6ʹW, 29.v.1976, Malaise trap, J. Cohen (LACM). Peru, Cusco. 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Pilocapata, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.4/lat -12.883333)">Villa Carmen Biológica Sta.</a>, 12°53ʹS 71°24ʹW, i–iii.2013, E. Rodriguez (FSCA); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW422), same data except v.2014, multilure trap, M. Choque (FSCA); 1 ♂*, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.894167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -12.894167)">Estación Biológica Villa Carmen</a>, clearing edge, 12°53ʹ39ʺS 71°24ʹ14ʺW, xi.2012, T. Forster (USNM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW423), same data except 12.xii.2013, bait trap, dead fish, A.L. Norbom, B.D. Sutton (FSCA). Loreto. 1 ♀, 80 km NE Iquitos, Explorama Lodge, 11 km from Amazon R. on Rio Yanamono, 1–5.ix.1992, human dung trap, Castner &amp; Skelley (FSCA); 1 ♂*, La Merced, Fundo Genova, 30.vii.2008, [no collector] (CEUA).</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil, Ecuador, Peru. Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago.</p> <p>Remarks. Eight specimens were barcoded, from Ecuador (TLW 227–230), Peru (TLW 422–423) and Brazil (TLW 421 and TLW 424). An additional GenBank sequence from Brazil (KR820711) was added to the analysis. All sequences clustered together, with some genetic variation likely based on geographical separation. The genetic distance between sequences from within Ecuador was less than 2%, whereas between sequences from Peru and Ecuador it was around 6% and between sequences from Brazil and Ecuador it was around 5% (Fig. 488). This is a distinctive species and no significant morphological differences were found in specimens from different countries.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F55FFA5FF19BE8331B4F9C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F4AFFA6FF19BCEE35C6FE1C.text	03DA87E60F4AFFA6FF19BCEE35C6FE1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella bellardiana Aldrich. 1922	<div><p>Mesembrinella bellardiana Aldrich, 1922</p> <p>(Figs 59–60, 149–150, 193, 217, 260, 304, 348, 389, 433, 472, 488–489)</p> <p>Mesembrinella (Mesembolia) bellardiana Aldrich, 1922: 21. Holotype female (USNM), examined photographically. Type locality: Espirito Santo, Brazil.</p> <p>Mesembrinella bellardiana: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 261); Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 137); Marinho et al. (2012: 142); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff (2013: 121); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 868); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 109); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A fairly large fly averaging 12.2 mm (11–13/5) in length. Thorax reddish-brown; wing with stem vein setose above and anterior margin heavily infuscated along costa; subcostal sclerite setose. Similar to M. latifrons, but wing with section IV 0.67 of section III compared to 0.29 in M. latifrons; terminalia in posterior view with surstyli gently curved (Fig. 60), whereas they are right-angled in M. latifrons (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.05 (0.03–0.08/5) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital pale gold; frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; frontal vitta dark orange, upper half obliterated parafacial golden; gena orange with horizontal row of stout black setae and scattered smaller dark setae; postgena orange with golden setae; occiput dark orange with yellow setae and silvery tomentum; median occipital sclerite shiny dark orange; antenna entirely orange; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle with anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae on facial ridge brown to reddish-brown (Fig. 193), ascending about 1/4 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum brown with pale tomentose stripes; pleural area pale orange with whitish tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac variable, 2:1 or 2:2, sometimes with one or more setae missing, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1, line of thin meral setae with short bend with only one or two horizontally-arranged setae above, 1 pair converging ap, sa and lat absent, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; both spiracles orange, medium-sized; legs entirely orange. Wing with long, dark infuscation along costa to R 2+3; subcostal sclerite with long reddish setae; stem vein setose (Fig. 489); basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.67 of section III; disc of calypters light tan; rim of upper calypter dark with short dark setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long pale setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 yellowish, T2–5 shiny blue with grayish tomentum; T4 and T5 with rows of marginal setae; disc of T5 with dense, short, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus moderately curved backward, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 59); in posterior view, cerci broad, in an inverted narrow V-shape distally (Fig. 60); phallus in lateral view with broad, narrow hypophallic lobes (Fig. 149), in dorsal view as in Fig. 150; T 6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 217; ST1–5 as in Fig. 260.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.294 (0.27–0.31/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of WU shape, T7 broad and continuous, T8 as separate sclerites, epiproct divided (Fig. 304); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 348; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 389); ST1–5 as in Fig. 433.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀ (Brazil; USNM; examined photographically: Fig. 472), labeled: Brazil; Mesembolia / bellardiana / A. Ald.; USNMent 1295430.</p> <p>Additional material examined. Argentina, Misiones. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Puerto Uguazu, i.1979, [no collector listed] (CNC). Bolivia, La Paz. 1 ♀, S. Inicua Riv. Alto Beni, 15–18.i.1976, 1100 m, L.E. Pena (CNC). Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. 1 ♂, Yellow Fever Service, M.E.S Brazil, x.1938, R.C. Shannon (USNM). Distrito Federal. 1 ♀, Ser- vicio Febre Amarela, M.E.S. Brasil, xii.1932, [no collector] (USNM). Rondônia. 3 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW232 – TLW235), 1 ♀, 62 km SW Ariquemes, nr Fzda Rancho Grande, 4–16.xi.1997, fish carrion pitfall, J.E. Eger (FSCA); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW235), same data except 3–15.xii.1996 (FSCA). São Paulo. 1 ♂, Registro, 2.xii.1965, R. Inoue (CNC); 1 ♂, Est. Biol. Boracéia nr. Salesópolis, 850 m, 13.iii.1972, E.G.L. &amp; F.A. Munroe (CNC); 1 ♀, R. Parana Porto Cabral, 20–31.iii.1944, Trav. Fo. &amp; Carrera &amp; E. Dente (USNM). Santa Catarina. 1 ♀, Nova Teutonia, v.1969, F. Plau- mann (CNC); 1 ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 27°11ʹS, 52°23ʹW, 300–500 m, 30.i.1960, F. Plaumann (CNC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data except ii.1965. Ecuador, Napo. 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.76667/lat -0.4)">Finca Primavera Rio</a> Napo, 240 ft., 0°24ʹS 76°46ʹW, 26.vi.1980, J.P. &amp; K.E. Donahue (LACM); 1 ♀ ♦* (TLW236), Puerto Misahuali, 1650–1900 ft, 6–19.ix.1998, J.E. Eger (FSCA); Paraguay, Alto. 2 ♀♀, Parana Centro Forestal Alto Paran km 12 N of Puerto Stroessener, 29.iv–5.v.1986, R.E. Woodruff (FSCA). Peru, Cusco. 1 ♀, Quincemil, 1–15.xi. 1962, 700 m, L. Pena (CNC); 1 ♂♦* (TLW361), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.894167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -12.894167)">Estación Biológica Villa Carmen</a>, 12°53ʹ39ʺS 71°24ʹ14ʺW, clearing edge, 15–27.xi.2012, Malaise trap, citrus tree, T. Forster (FSCA); 1 ♂♦* (TLW360), La Merced, Fundo Genova, 30.vii.2008 (CEUA).</p> <p>Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru. Bonatto (2001) listed Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Suriname and Venezuela.</p> <p>Remarks. Guimar„es (1977) described a subspecies of M. bellardiana, M. bellardiana fuscicosta Guimar „es, 1977, distinguishing populations in northern and southern South America based on some color variation. Marinho et al. (2017) noted that presumed populations of this species that are widely separated geographically may actually belong to separate species.</p> <p>Seven specimens were barcoded: TLW 232–234 from Brazil grouped closely; TLW 235, also from Brazil, and TLW 236, from Ecuador, were about 2% different from other Brazilian specimens. Barcoded specimens from Peru (TLW 360–361) were much different, around 6.8%, from the Ecuador and Brazilian specimens (Fig. 488). Morphologically all these specimens key to M. bellardiana, though some minor differences in the epandrium, cerci and surstyli were noted. The specimens illustrated herein are from Brazil, where the holotype came from, and the barcoded Brazilian specimens were mostly very similar. At this point, morphological differences between the Peruvian and Brazilian specimens do not seem sufficient to merit describing the specimens from each area as a different species, but further studies are needed.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F4AFFA6FF19BCEE35C6FE1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F49FFA1FF19B8263523FF48.text	03DA87E60F49FFA1FF19B8263523FF48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella benoisti (Seguy 1925)	<div><p>Mesembrinella benoisti (Séguy, 1925)</p> <p>(Figs 61–62, 151–152, 218, 261, 305, 349, 390, 434, 488)</p> <p>Ochromyia benoisti Séguy, 1925: 196. Holotype male (MNHN), not examined. Type locality: French Guiana.</p> <p>Eumesembrinella benoisti: Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 141); Marinho et al. (2012: 842); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 866); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 108).</p> <p>Mesembrinella benoisti: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A fairly large fly averaging 11.4 mm (11–12/5) in length. Postpronotal lobe with 2x 2 setae; wing hyaline with only faint yellowing along costa; thorax orange-brown with pale tomentose stripes; abdomen shiny blue; ac 0:1.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.06 (0.05–0.07/5) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital orange below, silvery above; frontal setae ascending about 40% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta orange, obliterated about midway above; parafacial silvery; gena pale yellow with silvery tomentum; postgena yellow with silvery tomentum and silky yellow setae; occiput shiny dark brown dorsolaterally, remainder pale yellow with fine yellow setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark brown; pedicel, first flagellomere and arista yellow-orange; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, diameter of anterior ocellus about twice that of posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae limited to small cluster near base of facial ridge.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum dark orange-brown with four pale orange tomentose stripes; pleura orange; chaetotaxy: ac 0:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 0, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1, meral setae fine, tan, in shape of inverted L, horizontal portion very short, 1 pair of parallel ap, sa and lat absent, 1 bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles small and orange; legs: trochanters and femora orange, tibiae and tarsi brown, darker on fore leg. Wing hyaline with faint yellowing along costa, whole wing somewhat yellowish; subcostal sclerite yellow and bare; basicosta yellow, tegula orange; section IV 0.16 of section III; disc of upper calypter pale, rim dark with short pale-yellow setae; disc of lower calypter golden, rim yellow with long golden setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 orange, T3 orange with small forward-pointing arrow-like dark area mid-dorsally [good specimens]; T4 mostly metallic blue-black with some orange color laterally and a pair of lateral marginal setae; T5 shiny blue-black, disc with dense, medium-long fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus moderately curved backward, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 61); posterior view as in Fig. 62; phallus in lateral view with short, slightly curved epiphallus (Fig. 151); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow (Fig. 152); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ST6 and ejaculatory sclerite as in Fig. 218; ST1–5 narrowed, as in Fig. 261.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.274 (0.26–0.28/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of WV shape, T7 continuous, weakened midway, T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 305). ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 349; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 390). ST1–5 as in Fig. 434.</p> <p>Material examined. French Guiana. 2 ♂♂*, 1 ♀ *, 5 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW237 – TLW241), 3 ♀♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.211945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.566111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.211945/lat 4.566111)">Kaw Mountain</a>, 04°33ʹ58ʺN 52°12ʹ43ʺW, 8.ii. 2008, 310 m Bait trap, T.L. Whitworth (TW); 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data except 4–9.ii.2008 (TW). Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni. 1 ♀, Kaieteur, 6.viii.1911, [no collector] (USNM). Peru, Cusco. 1 ♀, Madre de Dios <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.96667/lat -11.883333)">Parque Manu.</a>, pakitza, 11°53ʹS 70°58ʹW, 400 m, 16.xi.1990, J. MacDonald (MEM). Venezuela, Bolivar. 1 ♂, Rio Teuanen 24 mi. N. Kavanayen ca., 1600 m, 13.viii.1970, R.E. Dietz IV (LACM); 1 ♀, El Bochinche Res., Forestal Imataca, 200 m, 6–13.xii.1974, [no collector] (MIZA).</p> <p>Distribution. French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela. Bonatto (2001) listed it from Brazil.</p> <p>Remarks. Five specimens (TLW 237–241) were barcoded, all from one location in French Guiana. Two Gen- Bank sequences (JQ 246686, KR820726) from Brazil were added to the analysis. All sequences clustered together (Fig. 488).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F49FFA1FF19B8263523FF48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F4EFFA3FF19BB6A35A1FCEC.text	03DA87E60F4EFFA3FF19BB6A35A1FCEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius 1805)	<div><p>Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius, 1805)</p> <p>(Figs 7 13, 63–64, 153–154, 194, 219, 262, 306, 350, 391, 435, 488)</p> <p>Musca bicolor Fabricius, 1805: 291. Holotype female (NHMD), not examined. Type locality: “America Meridionalis” [= South America].</p> <p>Mesembrinella bicolor: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 261); Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 137); Marinho et al. (2012: 142); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff (2013: 121); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 868); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 109); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Size variable: averaging 11 mm (8–13/5) in length, most specimens seen between 12 and 13 mm in length. Thorax reddish-brown with faint pale tomentose stripes; abdomen gleaming blue [in well-preserved specimens; shiny brown in poor specimens]. Postpronotal setae 3x 3; stem vein bare; wing hyaline, but area from costa to R 1 and areas along veins usually moderately yellowed under magnification and reflected light; subcostal sclerite bare; section IV of wing 0.28 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters tan; upper calypter with tan rim and short brown setae, lower calypter with pale rim and long pale setae. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 63–64. Female terminalia as in Fig. 306. [A common and widespread nondescript species that occurs over a wide area of the Neotropical Region and which tends to be somewhat variable.]</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.027 (0.015 –0.050 /5) of head width at narrowest [this species is widely distributed, and frons width can be variable]. Fronto-orbital and parafacial with silvery tomentum when viewed from above, orange tomentum when viewed from below; frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; frontal vitta orange, obliterated from midway up; gena and postgena orange with silvery tomentum, with mostly long golden setae, gena with horizontal row of three stout setae; occiput with silvery tomentum and yellow setae; median occipital sclerite broad, shiny dark orange (Fig. 13); antenna orange, arista reddish-brown; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, ocelli about equal-sized; supravibrissal setae dark brown, ascending about 1/6 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum reddish-brown with faint pale whitish tomentose stripes; pleura yellowish; chaetotaxy: ac variable, 2:2 to 2:3, sometimes anterior postsutural ac missing on one or both sides, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph, 1; ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae a vertical line, usually with only 1 horizontal seta, 1 pair converging ap, sa absent, 1 very weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 very weak pb, 1 disc (Fig. 194); subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles medium-sized, yellow-orange; legs: trochanters and femora orange, tibiae and tarsi more or less brownish. Wing appearing hyaline, but area from costa to R 1 and areas along veins distinctly yellowed when observed under reflected light; subcostal sclerite bare; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.28 of section III; discs of calypters light tan; rim of upper calypter brown with short brown setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long pale setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 more or less yellowish midway, metallic blue laterally, T3–5 metallic blue with whitish tomentum, T4–5 with marginal setae; disc of T5 with dense, medium-long, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus moderately curved backward (Fig. 63); in posterior view, base of cerci broad, evenly tapered to tips (Fig. 64); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus with moderate backward curve (Fig. 153); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes expanded slightly, edges of lobes with coarse, shallow serrations (Fig. 154). T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 219; ST1–5 as in Fig. 262.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.278 (0.25–0.31/5) of head width at narrowest and eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets. T6 of OV shape; T7 slender, divided midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 306); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 350; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 391); ST1–5 as in Fig. 435.</p> <p>Material examined. Bolivia, Santa Cruz. 1 ♀, 210 km NW of Santa Cruz at Rio Yapacani, 5–10.v.1983, insect flight trap, D.G. Young (FSCA). Brazil, Rondônia. 1 ♂♦ (TLW428), 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 62 km SW Ariquemes. Nr. Fzda. Rancho Grande, 6–15.xii.1990, D.A. Rider, J.E. Eger (FSCA); 3 ♀♀, same data except 4–16.xi.1997, Fish carrion pitfall (FSCA); 1 ♀, Maracaju, ii.1937, M. Grosso (USNM); 3 ♀♀, same data except v. vi.1937, R.C. Shannon; 1 ♂♦* (TLW457), vic. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.533334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.8/lat -10.533334)">Caucalandia</a>, 10°32ʹS 62°48ʹW, 160–350 m, 10–11.x.1991, J. MacDonald (MEM); 1 ♀, same data except 12–13.X.1991 (MEM); 1 ♂♦ (TLW457), same data except 14.x.1991 (MEM). Costa Rica, Alajuela. 1 ♂*, Upala Bijagua, Albergue Heliconias, 700 m, 22–29.vi.2000, L_N_298000 423800 #56844, J.D. Gutierrez de Luz (INBIO); 1 ♂, P.N. Volcau Teurio Est. Pilon, 1.5 SO C. Carmela, 700–800 m, 5.vii–17.viii.2006, Malaise trap, L_N_298212 427913 #86941, J.A. Azofeifa (INBIO); 1 ♀, Bijagua, P.N. Volcan Teurio, Albergue Heliconias, Send. Heliconias, 680 m, 1.ii.2008, Tp. Luz, L _N_299100 422600 #94184, A. Zumbado (INBIO). Guanacaste. 1 ♂, Est Las Pailas, 800 m, P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, 27.vii–15.viii.1992, L_N_306300 388600, C. Cano (INBIO); 1 ♂, Sendero, Pailas, Catarata, 800 m, 11–12.i.1994, L_N_306300 388600 #2666, M. Zumbado (INBIO); 1 ♂, Estación Santa Rosa, 300 m, 5.iv.1997, L_N_313000 359800 #50732, D.H. Janzen, Gusaneros (INBIO); 1 ♂♦ (TLW357), Santa Cruz, vista del mar Torre Cocfsna 972 m, 10.ii.2003, Libre, L _N_235350 357500 #73267, W. Porras (INBIO); 3 ♀♀, Santa Rosa, 16–17.i.2005, [no collector] (INBIO). Heredia. 1 ♂♦ (TLW351), 1 ♀, Santo Domingo, 10.i.2011, bait trap, T.L. Whitworth (TW). Limón. 1 ♂, Est. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere Res. Biol. Hitoy, 13–27.iv.1992, L_N_184200 643300, G. Carballo (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except ix.1991 (INBIO); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Hdas. La Suerte / Tapezco, 29 air km W Tortuguero, elev. 40 m, 10°27ʹ–30ʹN 83°47ʹW, 13–31.viii.1979, J.P. &amp; K.E. Donahue, C.C. Hair, N.K. Moore, M.A. Hopkins (LACM); 1 ♂, R.B. Hitoy Cerere, Valle de la Estrella, Send. Espavel, 560 m, 27–30.ix.2003, L_S_401200 569800 #75563, Libre, W. Arana (INBIO); 1 ♂, Amburi, 70 m, ix.1996, L_S_385000 578100 #8397, G. Gallardo (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except Talamanca, 6–11.vi.1993, L_S_ 385500 578050 (INBIO); 1 ♂, Guacime, LRO 15 km NE, 23.ii.1988, F.D. Parker, J.B. Welch, F. Ramírez (USNM).</p> <p>Puntarenas. 1 ♂, Est. Sirena, 0–100 m, P.N. Corcovado, iv.1992, L_S_ 270500 508300, G. Rodríguez (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except x.1989, G. Fonseca; 1 ♀, same data except vi.1990, F. Quesada (INBIO); 1 ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.513336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.701667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.513336/lat 8.701667)">Tropical</a> youth center, 5 km S of Rincón, 95 m, 8°42.1ʹN, 83°30.8ʹW, 11.viii.2001, at light, N.E. Woodley (USNM); 1 ♂*, 3 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW354 – TLW356), Mauglar boca Rio Arajuez, Pto A, 2 km SW Cocal, 20 m, 16.xii.2006, Tp. Frutas, L_N_ 219755 44651 #90195, Moraga, Zumbado, Azofeifa, Gamboa (INBIO); 1 ♂, Est. Sirena, P.N. Corcovado, 0–100 m, vi.1990, L_S_ 270500 508300, F. Quesada (INBIO); 1 ♀, Cobano, R.N.A. Cabo Blanco, Estac. Cabuya, Send. sueco 200–300 m, 13.iii.2002, Libre, L _N_173500 415500 #67200, Y. Tardenas (INBIO); 1 ♀, San Vito de Java, 26.iv.1954, J.O. Harrison (FSCA). San José. 1 ♀, Z.P. Mora El Rodeo, Fila Diamaute, 900–1000 m, 3.xii.2005, Tp. Frutas, L_N_209300 507000 #95137, A. Hoepker, J. Mata (INBIO). Ecuador, Imbabura. 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Lita Imbabura, 12.iv.2016, traps 1–5, 2016-10, P. Ponce (FSCA). El Salvador, Santa Tecla. 2 ♀♀, 900 m, 26.v.1972, S. Leg &amp; L. Steinhauser (FSCA). French Guiana. 1 ♂*, 10 ♂♂, 1 ♀ *, 6 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW242 – TLW247), 4 ♀♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.211945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.566111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.211945/lat 4.566111)">Kaw Mountain</a>, 04°33ʹ58ʺN 52°12ʹ43ʺW, 310 m, 4–9.ii.2008, bait trap T.L. Whitworth (TW). Guatemala, San Marcos. 2 ♀♀, Bojoual 1600 m, 2.vii.2011, F. Camposeco (WSU). Suchitepequez. 1 ♂*, 1 ♀ *, Univ. Guatemala Res. Sta- tion, 1500 m, 14°32ʹ88ʺN 91°11ʹ62ʺW, 10.vi.2011, F. Carillo (TW). Honduras, Tegucigalpa. 1 ♂, Escuela Agricola Panamericana, 28.xi.1983, swine feces, J. Dick (FSCA). Mexico, Tamaulipas. 2 ♀♀, Gomez Farias, Atlas Ci- mas, 1000 m, 20.iii–29.iv.1987, carrion pitfall trap, Kovarik (TAMU); 1 ♀, Tamaulipas, Santa Engracia, 20.x.1937 (TAMU). Panama, Cocle. 2 ♂♂♦ (TLW426–427), El Valle de Anton, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.13336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.61669" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.13336/lat 8.61669)">Sen. Los Arboles Cuadrato</a>, FIT 8.61669°N, 80.13336°W, 6–7.viii.2011, E.G. Riley (TAMU); 2 ♂♂, same data except 6–7.viii.2011 (TAMU); 1 ♀, Almirante Bocas del Toro, yellow camp fever, Shannon trap, [no collector] (FSCA); 1 ♀, same data except 15.viii.1951.</p> <p>Canal Zone. 1 ♀, Black Tank Rd. Ft. Sherman, 1.i.1985, J. &amp; S. MacDonald (MEM); 1 ♀, Gatun, West Creek Trail, 7–9.iv.1987, J.R. MacDonald (MEM); 1 ♀, Caurto, Shannon trap, 11.v.1961, [no collector] (FSCA); 1 ♂, Cristobal v.1960, Malaise trap, S.G. Breeland (FSCA); 1 ♂*, Pan Barro Colorado, 8.viii.1978, R.B &amp; L.S. Kimsey (UCDC); 1 ♂♦ (TLW446), Cerro Paraiso, 4.i.1986, J. &amp; S. MacDonald (MEM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW447), Black Tank Rd, Ft Sherman, 1.i.1986, J. &amp; S. MacDonald (MEM). Peru, Cusco. 1 ♀, Madre de Dios Parque Manu, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.96667/lat -11.883333)">Pakitza</a> 11°53ʹS 70°58ʹW, 400 m, 16.xi.1990, J. MacDonald (MEM). Suriname, Brokopondo. 1 ♀, nr. Brownsberg, Ston Eliand Eco Ressort, N 04°59.0ʹ, W055°08.0ʹ, 10–13.ii.2010, Banana trap, P. Skelley (FSCA). Trinidad and Tobago, 1 ♂, Trinidad, 8 km N Arima, Simla Res. Sta. 260 m, 14.vi.93, trop. Forest, FIT &amp; S. and J. Peck (CNC); 1 ♂, St Augus- tine, Pax Guest House, 29.x–3.xi.2000, black light trap, R.E. Woodruff (FSCA); * 1 ♀, Arima Valley “simla” Beebe Trop. Res. Center, 29.x–2.xi.2000, dung traps, R.I. Hernández and R.E. Woodruff (FSCA); 1 ♀, same data except 3–17.xi.2000, hand catch at night. Venezuela, Bolivar. 1 ♂, Carret. Caicara, San Juan de Manapiare, km 170, 300 m, 21–30.xii.1973, J.L. Garcia (MIZA); 1 ♂♦ (TLW425), Edo. Lara, PN Yacambu-El blanquito 11–16.iii.2002, [no collector] (MJMO).</p> <p>Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela. Marinho et al. (2017) stated this species occurs in Central, South America except Chile, Argentina.</p> <p>Remarks. Thirty-two specimens were barcoded: TLW 428 and TLW 457 from Brazil, TLW 193, TLW 351 and TLW 354–357 from Costa Rica, TLW 226, TLW 248–250 and TLW 441–442 from Ecuador, TLW 242–247 from French Guiana, TLW 347–348 and TLW 426–427 from Panama, TLW 222–225 and TLW 443 from Peru, TLW 350 from Suriname, and TLW 349 and TLW 372 from Trinidad (Fig. 488). This species is widespread in the Neotropical Region and the barcodes grouped into several clusters in the NJ analysis. Typically, barcodes for specimens collected in close proximity were very similar. For specimens from widely separated geographical areas, as is the case of M. bicolor, the NJ analysis showed considerable molecular divergence, though morphologically the specimens were very similar. A similar situation was discussed by Tantawi et al. (2017) and Yusseff-Vanegas &amp; Agnarsson (2017), who mentioned that barcode data for common, widespread species like Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) suggested the existence of several cryptic species. Whitworth (2014) studied the morphology of L. eximia from many different areas, and although there were slight morphological differences between populations, he could not identify reliable characters to justify splitting them into separate species. It is likely that a similar situation exists with M. bicolor. A specimen from Brazil keyed to the bicolor species-group because it had 2x 2 postpronotal setae, but it would not key to a known species. The specimen was barcoded (TLW 457) and it grouped with M. bicolor. Once it was assumed that this specimen’s condition was aberrant and that its normal condition was to have 3x 3 postpronotal setae, it keyed perfectly to M. bicolor.</p> <p>Without microscopic examination, the wing of M. bicolor appears hyaline; under a microscope, and using reflected light through the wing, the area along the costa is distinctly yellowish. To key specimens properly, this condition must be recognized. Variation was noted in frons widths in both sexes and some series of smaller specimens were also seen. A detailed study of morphology supports retaining a single, somewhat variable, species, but further studies are warranted.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F4EFFA3FF19BB6A35A1FCEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F4CFFA2FF19B99630F8FDD0.text	03DA87E60F4CFFA2FF19B99630F8FDD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella brunnipes Surcouf. 1919	<div><p>Mesembrinella brunnipes Surcouf, 1919</p> <p>(Figs 65–66, 155–156, 220, 263, 307, 351, 392, 436, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella brunnipes Surcouf, 1919: 78. Lectotype female (MNHN), not examined. Type locality: Bolivia. [NB: Guimar „es (1977) noted that Surcouf did not select a holotype, so he designated a lectotype from one of three conspecific female syntypes from Bolivia.]</p> <p>Mesembrinella brunnipes: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 260); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff (2013: 121); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A fairly large brown fly averaging 12 mm (11–13/3) in length. Postpronotal lobe 3x 3; stem vein bare dorsally; wing infuscated; dorsum of abdomen without pits; supravibrissal setae dark brown or black; subcostal sclerite setose; section IV of wing 0.31 of section III; mid and hind femora with basal 1/4–1/2 brown, apical 1/2–3/4 orange; whitish tomentum on abdomen uniform on T1+2–4 vs. the similar M. townsendi, which has pale tomentum in oblique streaks. This species resembles M. bicolor, but has wing with strong, dark infuscated area along costa to R 2+3 instead of wing hyaline with yellowish area along costa.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.02/1 of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital and parafacial pale orange with pale tomentum, frontal seta ascending about 1/3 of distance to vertex; frontal vitta orange, obliterated in upper 2/3; gena: anterior half orange with pale orange tomentum, posterior half orange with silvery tomentum; postgena orange with silvery tomentum; gena and postgena with dark setae, except rear edge of postgena with pale setae; occiput with pale gold tomentum and pale gold setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark orange; antenna dark orange; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small with ocelli about equal in size; supravibrissal setae dark, ascending about 1/5 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum shiny brown with pale tomentose stripes; pleura dark reddish with pale tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 2:3, anteriormost postsutural setae may be lacking on one side, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1 or 2:1, meral setae typical, 1 ap converging slightly, sa absent, 2 very weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles medium, pale yellow; legs brown except mid and hind femora with apical 1/4–1/2 orange. Wing heavily infuscated along anterior edge from costa to R 2+3; subcostal sclerite with dark setae; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.31 (0.303 –0.313 /3) of section III; discs of calypters light tan; rim of upper calypter light tan with short reddish setae; rim of lower calypter yellow with long pale-yellow setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 yellow-brown, T3–5 purple-blue with pale tomentum, row of marginal setae on T4; T5 without marginal setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus moderately curved backward (Fig. 65); in posterior view cerci short and stout (Fig. 66); phallus in lateral view with tiny, short epiphallus (Fig. 155); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes rectangular with prominent coarse serrations along edge (Fig. 156); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 220; ST1–5 broad, as in Fig. 263.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.27 (0.26–0.28/2) of head width at narrowest. T6 of WV shape; T7 slen- der, divided midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 307); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 351; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 392); ST1–5 as in Fig. 436.</p> <p>Type material examined. PARALECTOTYPE: Bolivia. ♀ *, “ Bolivien,” [only country listed] (USNM).</p> <p>Additional material examined. Bolivia, La Paz. 1 ♂♦* (TLW430), Sud Yungas, Puente Villa, Hotel Tamam- paya, 4300 ft, 19–24–1989, Flight intercept trap, J.E. Eger (FSCA); Peru, Cusco. 1 ♀ ♦* (TLW429), Paucatambo, Puente, San Pedro 50 km NW Pilocapata, 3.ix.1988, 1600 m, A. Freidberg (LACM); 1♀, Cock-of-the Rock Lodge, Loop Trail, 13°3ʹ21ʺW 71°32ʹ46ʺW, 1450 m, 6.xii.2011, dung bait, debu00340874, S.A. Marshall (UGG).</p> <p>Distribution. Bolivia, Peru.</p> <p>Remarks. Two specimens (TLW 429–430) were barcoded, and clustered together (Fig. 488).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F4CFFA2FF19B99630F8FDD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F4DFFADFF19B8923716FD3B.text	03DA87E60F4DFFADFF19B8923716FD3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella bullata Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella bullata Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 67–68, 157–158, 221, 264, 308, 352, 393, 437, 473, 488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A small fly averaging 9.4 mm (9–10/5) in length. Thorax, subshining dark blue and abdomen shiny bluepurple, both covered with whitish tomentum; ppn bluish with 3x 3 setae; wing hyaline; disc of T5 with some fairly stout, disorganized setae, more or less at middle of disc. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli distinctive: cerci in posterior view with broad basal half and sharply narrowed in distal half (Fig. 68). Female terminalia as in Fig. 308.</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.09 (0.08–0.09/2) of head width at narrowest, almost as broad as width of first flagellomere; fronto-orbital pale with whitish tomentum; lower half of frontal vitta orange, upper half black, frontal vitta significantly narrowed midway; fronto-orbitals broad, frontal setae ascending about 65% of distance to vertex; parafacial pale orange. Gena with horizontal row of 3–4 stout, black setae and a few sparse short setae, anterior 1/2–2/3 of gena orange, posterior 1/2–1/3 with dense silvery tomentum; postgena with silvery tomentum and covered with pale, silky setae; occiput black with silvery tomentumand dense, silky golden setae; median occipital sclerite with silvery tomentum in upper third, lower 2/3 subshining black; palpus typical; pedicel and first flagellomere orange; eye with median facets slightly larger than lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus 1/3 larger than posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae dark brown, ascending about 1/5 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum and pleural area of thorax dark blue with silvery tomentum, and with faint pale presutural tomentose stripes [some specimens]; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1, meral setae in unusual pattern, in straight line, row with slight bend anteriorlyabove, 1 pair of crossed ap, sa absent, 2 lat, 1 stout bas, 1 pb weak, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles medium-sized, brown to yellow-brown; legs entirely dark brown with tips of femora orange. Wing hyaline, faintly yellow, veins darker at base, basal cells faintly darkened; subcostal sclerite bare; basicosta tan with pale setae, tegula brown; section IV 0.13 of section III; calypters with tan discs and brown rims with brown setae.</p> <p>Abdomen purple, subshining, with pale tomentum; T1+2 and T3 each with a pair of lateral marginal setae; T4 with row of stout, erect marginal setae on posterior margin; T5 disc with some fairly stout, unordered setae together with dense, short, fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus very short, slightly curved backward, cercus much longer (Fig. 67); in posterior view, basal half of cerci bulbous, distal half abruptly narrowing to tip (Fig. 68); phallus in lateral view: base of epiphallus broad with moderate backward curve (Fig. 157); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow (Fig. 158); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 221; ST1–5 with broad sclerites (Fig. 264).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.234 (0.20–0.26/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of RV shape; T7 continuous, rear edge recessed midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 308); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 352; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 393); ST1–5 as in Fig. 437.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ ♦ *(TLW437) (Bolivia, Chapare; CNC; Fig. 473), labeled: BOLIVIA Cbba Chapare / Villa Turnarí-Cochabamba / road - km 362 - 1550m / Pruett &amp; Wood 24 III.95; HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / bullata / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀ ♦ * (TLW438): same data as holotype except km 365, 3–10.xii.1996, G. &amp; M. Wood (CNC).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Bolivia, Cochabamba. 2 ♀♀, Chapare, Villa Turnarf-Cochabamba road, km 362, 1550 m, 24.iii.1995, Pruett &amp; Wood (CNC). La Paz. 1 ♂*, 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀, Sud Yungas, Punte Villa, hotel Tamampaya, 4300 ft., 19–24.v.1989, flight intercept trap, J. Eger (FSCA).</p> <p>Distribution. Bolivia.</p> <p>Remarks. The allotype (TLW 438) was barcoded and was recovered in a distinct cluster near M. uniseta and M. lara (Fig. 488). The terminalia of this species resemble Bonatto’s (2001: fig. 103) sketch of what he called “ xanthorrhina ”. In both specimens the base of the cercus is much enlarged, though in Bonatto’s sketch the cercus is sinuous, whereas in M. bullata sp. nov. it is gently curved forward (Fig. 67). The setae on the disc of T 5 in M. bullata could be confused with the stout setae on the disc seen in the M. aeneiventris species-group. However, the setae in M. bullata are weaker and denser and not in a prominent row. Though the new species groups near two species in the M. aeneiventris group, its surstylus is distinctly curved backward. For now, we place it in the M. bicolor group pending a more in-depth genetic analysis.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name bullata, derived from the Latin bullatus (inflated), refers to the unusual bulbous basal half of the cerci when seen in posterior view (Fig. 68).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F4DFFADFF19B8923716FD3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F42FFACFF19B8FE314DFD34.text	03DA87E60F42FFACFF19B8FE314DFD34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella chantryi Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella chantryi Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 69–70, 159–160, 222, 265, 309, 353, 394, 438, 474, 488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly averaging 11.8 mm (11–13/5) in length. Postpronotal lobe with 3x 3 setae; stem vein bare; wing hyaline with faint yellowing along costa; subcostal sclerite with long, reddish wiry setae; section IV of wing 0.46 of section III. Male: epandrium and cerci with unusually stout with dark setae (Figs 69–70).</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.02/3 of head width at narrowest, narrower than anterior ocellus; fronto-orbital yellow with whitish tomentum; frontal vitta reddish with white tomentum, obliterated midway; frontal setae ascending about 30% of distance to vertex; parafacial golden when viewed from above and below; gena yellow with whitish tomentum, horizontal row of stout dark setae and few scattered dark setae; postgena yellow with golden setae; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; occiput with pale tomentum and yellow setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark orange; pedicel reddish, first flagellomere orange, arista tanocellar triangle tiny, anterior ocellus 2x size of posterior ocelli; only a small cluster of dark brown supravibrissal setae at base of facial ridge.</p> <p>Thorax yellow-orange with whitish tomentum and irregular tomentose stripes; chaetotaxy: ac variable, 2:1 most common but 1:2 and 1:1 also found, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1, meral setae very weak, in straight vertical line, sometimes with one or two horizontally-arranged setae, 1 pair converging ap, 1 sa, 2 lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles yellowish, medium-sized; femora yellow, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing mostly hyaline, area along costa yellowed; both calypters pale; subcostal sclerite with long, reddishbrown setae; basicosta yellow with dark pubescence, tegula yellow; section IV 0.46 of section III; frontal setae ascending about 30% way of distance to vertex.</p> <p>Abdomen. Anterior half of T1+2 yellowish; posterior half of T1+2 and T3–5 bluish with heavy whitish tomentum and dark pit-like spots around setal pockets (similar to Fig. 103); posterolateral area of T4 with 4 or 5 stout setae on each side; disc of T5 with dense, fine setae only. Terminalia with unusually stout, dark setae; in lateral view with surstylus slender with slight backward bend, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 69); in posterior view, cerci broad at base, tapering to chisel-like tip (Fig. 70). Phallus in lateral view with short, stout epiphallus with slight backward curve (Fig. 159); in dorsal view, basiphallus with curved horn-like projections directed posteriorly; hypophallic lobes broad and pear-shaped with coarse serrations along edge (Fig. 160); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite and ejaculatory sclerite as in Fig. 222; ST–5 with ST1–2 broad and ST3–4 small, as in Fig. 265.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.272 (0.26–0.30/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of RV shape; T7 narrowed midway with V-shaped incision on posterior edge; T8 as separate sclerites; epiproct with separate sclerites (Fig. 309); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 353; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 394); ST1–5 as in Fig. 438.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂* (French Guiana; USNM; Fig. 474), labeled: French Guiana <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.211945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.566111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.211945/lat 4.566111)">Kaw Mt.</a> / 04°33ʹ58”N 52°12ʹ43”W / 8.ii.2008 Bait Trap 310m / T.L. Whitworth. HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / chantryi / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀ ♦ (TLW312): same data as holotype (USNM).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Brazil, Amazonas. 1 ♂*, Rio Negro, Mirapinima, 8.iv.1972, E.G. &amp; E.A. Munroe (CNC). French Guiana. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ♦* (TLW313), 2 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW314 – TLW315), 2 ♀♀ *, 6 ♀♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.211945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.566111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.211945/lat 4.566111)">Kaw Mountain</a>, 04°33ʹ58”N 52°12ʹ43”W, 310 m, 8.ii.2008, T.L. Whitworth (USNM); 2 ♀♀, Amazone Nature Lodge, 30 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd, 300 m, 5–19.ii.2010, J.E. Eger (FSCA); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Mitaraka Expedition, 02°14ʹ02ʺN 54°27ʹ01ʺ, 300 m, iii.2015, Marc Pollet (USNM).</p> <p>Distribution. French Guiana, Brazil.</p> <p>Remarks. The terminalia of M. chantryi sp. nov. are similar to those of M. batesi, and these two species also share the heavy, irregular whitish tomentose spots on the abdomen; however, M. chantryi has a hyaline wing, vs. the dark infuscation along the costa in M. batesi. Three males and 12 females were found for M. chantryi. Most specimens examined were from the same location in French Guiana. A single male specimen from northern Brazil (about 700 km SW of French Guiana) was dissected and appears to belong to the same species. Three specimens (TLW 312–314) were successfully barcoded and clustered together, close to M. batesi (Fig. 488).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name chantryi was chosen to honor Corey Chantry, a friend of TW and a dedicated amateur entomologist who collected with TW on the trip to French Guiana when this species was discovered.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F42FFACFF19B8FE314DFD34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F43FFAFFF19B8FE366BFC88.text	03DA87E60F43FFAFFF19B8FE366BFC88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella currani Guimaraes 1977	<div><p>Mesembrinella currani Guimarães, 1977</p> <p>(Figs 2, 71–72, 161–162, 223, 266, 310, 354, 395, 439, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella currani Guimar „es, 1977: 27. Holotype male (MZSP), not examined. Type locality: Maloquinha, near Itaituba, Pará, Brazil.</p> <p>Mesembrinella currani Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 138); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff (2013: 121); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 869); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A large, dark fly averaging 13.4 mm (12–15/5) in length. Postpronotal lobe with 3x 3 setae; wing with dark infuscation along anterior margin; dorsum of abdomen without tomentose pits; supravibrissal setae orange, ascending about 1/3 of distance to antennal base; legs: orange except tibiae and tarsi tan to dark brown; subcostal sclerite with stout reddish setae; section IV of wing 0.82 of section III. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 71–72. Female terminalia as in Fig. 310.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Frons narrow, 0.013 (0.01–0.02/5) of head width at narrowest, about half the width of anterior ocellus. Most of head pale gold, including fronto-orbital, frontal vitta, parafacial, gena, postgena occiput and antenna; fronto-orbitals very slender, obliterating frontal vitta in upper half, frontal setae ascending halfway to vertex; gena with pale yellow tomentum and row of stout brown setae extending horizontally across parafacial to vibrissa, otherwise with scattering of tan setae; postgena with pale yellow tomentum, anterior 1/3 with tan setae, posterior 2/3 with golden setae; occiput with pale tomentum and golden setae, median occipital sclerite shiny orange; antenna entirely gold with pale tomentum, arista tan; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, with ocelli about equal in size; supravibrissal setae bright orange, ascending about 1/3 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum dark orange with faint golden tomentose stripes; pleura orange with golden tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae tan, very fine, otherwise typical, 1 slightly converging pair ap, sa absent, 1 very weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles orange, medium-sized; legs: femora orange, tibiae and tarsi tan to dark brown. Wing with broad infuscated area on anterior margin from costa to R 4+5; subcostal sclerite with stout reddish setae; basicosta dark orange, tegula bright orange; section IV of wing 0.82 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters pale orange-brown; rim of upper calypter dark with short dark setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long pale orange setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 yellow-orange; T3–5 shiny brown to blue or purple, anterior 2/3 of T3 with whitish tomentum, remainder of T3 and all of T4–5 shiny dark blue; T4 with pair of posterolateral marginal setae, T5 with row of small marginal setae, disc of T5 with dense, long, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus curved backward, cercus straight, ending in apical hook (Fig. 71); in posterior view, base of cerci broad, evenly tapered to blunt tip (Fig. 72); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus short and almost straight (Fig. 161); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes very broad, pear-shaped, fine serrations (Fig. 162). T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 223; sternites broad, uninform in width, as in Fig. 266.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.29 (0.28–0.30/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of WU shape, with pos- terior incision midway; T7 continuous, weakened midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 310); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 354; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 395); ST1–5 as in Fig. 439.</p> <p>Material examined. Brazil, Rondônia. 1 ♂ *, 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -0.05)">62 km SE Ariquemes</a>, 7–18.xi.1995, W.J. Hanson (LACM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW387), Candeias do Jamari, Balneario <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -0.05)">Rio Preto</a>, 1.iv.2001, Melke and Casagrande (LACM). Ecuador, Napo. 1 ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -0.05)">Coca</a>, 250 m, v.1965, L. Pena (CNC). Sucumbios. 1 ♂ *, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -0.05)">Sacha Lodge</a>, 0.05°S 76.5°, 290 m, 4–14.v.1994, P. Hibbs (LACM). Peru, Cusco. 3 ♀♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -0.05)">Estación Biológica Villa Carmen</a>, 12°54ʹ08ʺS 71°24ʺ38ʺW, 718 m, 16–26.xi.2012, J.K. Alvarez (USNM); 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, same data except Trail 8, 700 m, 16–26.xi.2012 (USNM); 2 ♀♀, same data except 721 m, 20–26.i.2013 (USNM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW251), same data except A.L. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -0.05)">Norrbom</a>, E. Rodrí- guez, G.J. Steck, B.D. Sutton (USNM); 1 ♀ *, 7 ♀♀, same data except 12°53ʹ39ʺS 71°24ʹ14ʺW, 540 m, 12.xii.2013, trap-dead fish (USNM); 2 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW252, TLW255), same data except A.L. Norrbom &amp; B.D. Sutton (USNM); 1 ♀, same data except <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -0.05)">Trail Mark</a> 7-474, 12.89009°S 71.40556°W, 529 m, 27.xi.2012, G.J. Steck, E. Rodriguez, A.L. Norrbom, B.D. Sutton (USNM); 3 ♀♀, same data except garden area, 1–11.i.2013 (USNM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW254), T. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -0.05)">Forster</a> (USNM); 1 ♀, same data except clearing edge, 12°53ʹ39ʺS 71°24ʹ14ʺW, 540 m, 14–29.xii.2012, trap-VC- ML-05 in citrus tree, T. Forster (USNM); 7 ♂♂, 21 ♀, Pilocapata, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -0.05)">Villa Carmen</a>, 12°53ʹS 71°24ʹW, v.2014, multil- ure trap, M. Choque (FSCA); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, same data except i–iii.2013, E. Rodriguez (FSCA); 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.40389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.40389/lat -0.05)">Quincemil</a>, 700 m, 1–15.xi.1962, L. Pena (CNC); 1 ♂, same data except 740 m, 29–30.viii.1962 (FSCA).</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil, Ecuador, Peru. Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Bolivia and Colombia.</p> <p>Remarks. Five specimens were barcoded: TLW 251–252 and TLW 254–255 from Peru and TLW 387 from Brazil. They clustered together (Fig. 488).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F43FFAFFF19B8FE366BFC88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F40FFAEFF19B95835C7FDD0.text	03DA87E60F40FFAEFF19B95835C7FDD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella cyaneicincta (Surcouf 1919)	<div><p>Mesembrinella cyaneicincta (Surcouf, 1919)</p> <p>(Figs 73–74, 163–164, 224, 267, 311, 355, 396, 440)</p> <p>Ochromyia cyaneicincta Surcouf, 1919: 69. Holotype female (MNHN), not examined. Type locality: Brazil.</p> <p>Eumesembrinella cyaneicincta: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 264); Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 141); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 866); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella cyaneicincta: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A fairly large dark fly averaging 13 mm (12–14/5) in length. Postpronotal lobe 2x 2; anterior margin of wing weakly infuscated from costa to beyond R 2+3; dorsum of thorax yellow-brown with pale tomentose stripes; T1+2–T5 with bluish-purple bands on posterior margin in good specimens. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 73–74. Female terminalia as in Fig. 311.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.073 (0.07–0.08/3) of head width at narrowest, about 1/3 broader than width of parafacial at level of lunule. Fronto-orbital, frontal vitta, parafacial, gena and postgena pale orange with pale tomentum; fronto-orbital broad, frontal setae ascending 60% of distance to vertex; upper 2/3 of frontal vitta obliterated; gena with horizontal row of stout brown setae midway, otherwise with sparsely scattered small, dark setae; postgena with pale tomentum and golden setae; occiput with heavy pale yellow tomentum and dark yellow setae; median occipital sclerite shiny orange; proximal 1/3 of arista orange, distal 2/3 tan; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus about 2x size of posterior ocelli; short row of orange supravibrissal setae ascending about 1/6 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum yellow-brown with pale tomentose stripes, pleura orange with pale tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 0:2, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1, meral setae fine and weak, typical, 1 pair of parallel ap, sa and lat absent, 1 bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles small, yellow; fore leg entirely orange, mid- and rear tibiae and tarsi tan. Wing faintly infuscated from costa to vein R 1+2; subcostal sclerite with weak pubescence only; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.22 of section III; upper and lower calypters pale orange; rim of upper calypter dark with short yellowish setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long, yellow setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. Varying from blue to purple, sometimes reddish. T1+2–5 with purple bands at rear margin, bands on T1+2 and T5 often narrow, bands on T3–4 broader; disc of T5 with dense, medium-long, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus curved sharply backward (Fig. 73); in posterior view, base of cercus broad with uniform taper to tip, tip of surstylus sharply curved, almost at 90° angle (Fig. 74); phallus in lateral view with moderate epiphallus, curved posteriorly (Fig. 163); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes wide midway, with fine serrations (Fig. 164); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 224; ST2–5 slender, as in Fig. 267.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.266 (0.26–0.27/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of OV shape; T7 continuous with suture midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 311); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 355; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 396). ST2–5 as in Fig. 440.</p> <p>Material examined. Brazil, Bahia. 1 ♂*, Alcobaça, [located around 17°31ʹ08ʺS 39°11ʺ45ʹW, on east coast], ii.1971, P.C. Elias (NHMUK). Rio de Janeiro. 1 ♂*, 1 ♀, Tingua, Est. Rio., vi.1940, R.C. Shannon (USNM); 1 ♂♦ (TLW393), nr Desengano State PK, site #2, 6–10.v. 1999, 200 m, B.V. Brown (LACM). Rondônia. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW394), 62 km, SE Ariquemes, 15–22.iii.1981, W. Hanson, G. Bohart (LACM). São Paulo. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ *, Registro, 2.xii.1965, R. Inoue (CNC).</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil. Marinho et al. (2017) listed Colombia.</p> <p>Remarks. No barcodes were obtained from specimens of this species in this study. Marinho et al. (2017) argued that the subspecific taxon Eumesembrinella cyaneicincta pauciseta Guimar „es, 1977 should be treated as a separate, valid species and that it would be treated as such in a forthcoming paper. We have not seen sufficient material to be able to comment on this issue.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F40FFAEFF19B95835C7FDD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F41FFA9FF19B88037AAFA54.text	03DA87E60F41FFA9FF19B88037AAFA54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella flavicrura Aldrich. 1925	<div><p>Mesembrinella flavicrura Aldrich, 1925</p> <p>(Figs 1, 75–76, 165–166, 225, 268, 312, 356, 397, 441, 475, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella flavicrura Aldrich, 1925: 16. Holotype male (USNM), examined photographically. Type locality: La Suiza de Turrialba, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Mesembrinella flavicrura: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 261); Mariluis (1987: 112); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff (2013: 121); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly averaging 10.2 mm (9–11/5) in length. A dark, metallic purple-blue fly, ppn normally with 3x 3 setae, 2x 2 in a few specimens; stem vein bare; wing hyaline; ppn and femora orange; subcostal sclerite with fine pubescence only; thoracic spiracles and basicosta yellow-orange. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 75–76. Female terminalia as in Fig. 312.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.024 (0.02–0.03/5) of head width at narrowest, about half width of anterior ocellus; fronto-orbital, parafacial, gena and postgena orange with pale yellow tomentum, frontal vitta dark orange, frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex, where frontal vitta is obliterated; gena golden with faint yellowish tomentum a horizontal row of stout, dark setae midway and a scattering of pale and dark setae; postgena with pale tomentum and fine golden setae; occiput with heavy silvery tomentum and fine golden setae; median occipital sclerite shiny orange; antenna: pedicel and first flagellomere orange, arista brown; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral facets; facial ridge with only a few brown, fine supravibrissal setae at base of facial ridge.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum shiny purple-blue with whitish tomentum, pleura mostly purple, postpronotum and anterior spiracle orange; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair converging ap, sa absent, 1 lat, 1 bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles medium, yellow-orange; legs: coxae, trochanters and femora yellow, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing hyaline, subcostal sclerite with weak pubescence; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.15 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters reddish-tan; rim of upper calypter dark with dark setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long pale setae.</p> <p>Abdomen entirely purple-blue with whitish tomentum [some poorer specimens with color washed out, tan]; T1+2–4 with pairs of dorsolateral marginal setae, rear margin of T4 with row of stout setae, rear of T5 with some weaker marginal setae, disc of T5 with scattering of relatively weak setae, which could be confused with those in the M. aeneiventris species-group, but setae are much weaker and not in a distinct row. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus curved backward at base then straight, cercus long and slender, curving forward (Fig. 75); in posterior view, cerci gradually tapered from base to tip (Fig. 76); phallus in lateral view with short, stout epiphallus (Fig. 165); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow (Fig. 166). T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 225; ST1–5 as in Fig. 268.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.236 (0.22–0.25/5) of head with at narrowest. T6 of FU shape; T7 broad and continuous, narrowed midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 312); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 356; spermathecae of unusual bulbous shape, as in Fig. 397; and ST1–5 as in Fig. 441.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Costa Rica, Cartago; USNM; examined photographically: Fig. 475), labeled: La Suiza / de Turrialba / COSTA RICA / Pablo Schild; Mesembrinella / flavicrura / Ald.; AL Melander / Collection / 1961; Type / 26800 / No. / U.S. N.M. [red label]; USNMENT / 01295432.</p> <p>Additional material examined. Costa Rica, Alajuela. 2 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW266, TLW344), San Ramón, Villa Blanca, 1115 m, 18.ix.2008, R. Rojas-Velásquez (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW267), Z.P. Arenal Monteverde, Res. Biol., Monte- verde Eladio’s, 830 m, 26–28.x.2006, J. Azofiefa, M. Morgana, M. Solis, B. Gamboa (INBIO); 1 ♂, R. San Loren- cito, R.F. San Ramón, 5 km N de Colonia Palmarena, 900 m, 13–18.vi.1993, I Curso Scarabaeidae, L_N_244500 470700 (INBIO); 1 ♂, 20 km S Upala, 12.viii.1991, F.D. Parker (LACM); 1 ♂, same data except Bijagua Alb. Heliconias, 700 m, 11–26.i.2000, J.D. Gutierrez, Agua Miel, L _N_299800 423800 #56263 (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except 700 m, 17–21.vi.2000, Manual, D. Bricefio, L_N_299100 422600 #56784 (INBIO); 1 ♀, Pque Nal Arenal, Sector Cerro Chato, 1100 m, 18.x–1.xi.1999, Manual, J.D. Gutierrez, L _N_269500 460900 #57265 (INBIO); 1 ♂, P.N. Volcan Teuorio, Estación Pilon, 1.5 SO C. Carmela, 700–800 m, 5.vii–17.viii.2006, Malaise trap, J.A. Azofeifa, L_N_298212 427913 #86941 (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except 9.ix.2008, Tp. Amarillo, #94957 (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except 9.x–11.xi.2006, Tp. Malaise, #87466 (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW456), P. Teuorio, sector El N. Volcan Pilon, El Mirador, 800 m, 18.vi.2004, J. Azofeifa (INBIO); 1 ♂, San Cristobal, 600–620 m, x–xi.1997, F.A. Quesada, L_N_318056 383200 #48934 (INBIO). Cartago. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW269), P.N. Barbilla, Turrialba, Tayutic, Campamento 2, 1200 m, 5–9.v.2005, Libre, L_N_213371 600782, D. Briceño, M. Morgana (INBIO); 1 ♂, Monumento Nacional Guayabo, A.C.A.C. Amistad, 1100 m, vii.1994, G. Fonseca, L_N_217400 570000 #3126 (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except vii.1994, #2989 (INBIO); 1 ♂*, 2 ♂♂, same data except Turrialba, xii.1994, L_N_217200 570300 #3202 (INBIO); 1 ♂*, 1 ♂, same data except xii.1994, #3287 (INBIO); 2 ♂♂, same data except 1100–1200 m, 7–8.v.2007, Tp. Luz, M. Moraga, J.A. Azofeifa, R. Gonzalez, F. Navarro, L_N_217200 570300 #91200 (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except 8–13.v.2007, Tp. Frutas, M. Moraga, J.A. Azofeifa, R. Gonzalez, F. Navarro, L_N_217200 570300 #91206 (INBIO). Guanacaste. 1 ♀ * Tierras Moreas, camino a Alto Masfs., 1045 m, 1.vi.2001, M. Solis (INBIO); 1 ♂, Es- tación Pitilla 700 m, 9 km, S Santa Cecilia, P.N., xii.1992, P. Rios, L_N_330200 380200 (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW371), Pitilla Bio. Sta., 830 m, 11.ii.1995, L. Macher (CNC); 1 ♂, same data except Sendero Tanque Agua, 700 m, x.1993, L_N_330200 380200 #2487, Malaise, [no collector] (CNC); 2 ♀♀, same data except 2–19.iii.1992 (CNC); 1 ♀, same data except 4–25.xii.1991 (CNC); 1 ♀, same data except xii.1994, #4366 (CNC); 1 ♀, Macizo Miravalles, Estación Cabro Muco, 1100 m, 23–28.ix.2003, Tp de Luz, J. Azofeifa, L_N_299769 411243 #75484 (INBIO); 1 ♀, Tilaran, P.N.V. Tenorio, Send. Rancho Capu, Cerca Torres Electricas, 740 m, 23.xi.2000, Manual, J. Gutierrez, L_N_428401 284482 #60989 (INBIO); 1 ♀, 3 km SE R. Naranjo, 14.xi.1991, F.D. Parker (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except xii.1991 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 21–30.ix.1992 (LACM). Heredia. 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.01667/lat 10.433333)">Estación Biológica La Selva</a>, 10°26′N 84°01′W, iii.1993, [no collector], #149 (INBIO). Limón. 1 ♀, R.B. Hitoy Cerere, Talamanca, Cerro Bitarkara, 1025 m, 15–17.x.2004, M. Moraga, Libre, L_S_398841 558082 #78499 (INBIO). San José. 1 ♀, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 15–17.ii.1993, C. Hymenoptera, L_N_236700 541800 (INBIO). Panama, Cocle. 1 ♀, El Valle, 800–900 m, 3–5.i.1988, MacDonald &amp; Schiefer (MEM).</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.</p> <p>Remarks. Seven specimens (TLW 266–269, TLW 344 and TLW 456) were barcoded, and grouped together (Fig. 488). Bonatto (2001) moved this species to Huascaromusca (= M. aeneiventris species-group in the present paper), but it lacks a row of stout setae on T5. This placement was made in his dissertation and was never formally published. We believe that this species belongs in the M. bicolor group despite the unusual bulbous shape of its spermathecae (Fig. 397), more similar to those of Souzalopesiella facialis.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F41FFA9FF19B88037AAFA54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F46FFA8FF19BC1F36A5FAE4.text	03DA87E60F46FFA8FF19BC1F36A5FAE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella longicercus Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella longicercus Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 77–78, 167–168, 226, 269, 313, 357, 398, 442, 476, 488)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A small blue-black fly averaging 9.3 mm (9–10/3) in length; ppn 3x 3; stem vein bare; wing hyaline; ppn and pleura bluish; T5 with long, slender, dense setae in both sexes. Male frons narrow, 0.04 of head width at narrowest; terminalia with cercus much longer than surstylus (Figs 77–78); phallus in dorsal view exceptionally narrow (Fig. 168). Female terminalia as in Fig. 313.</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons 0.043 (0.035 –0.050 /2) of head width at narrowest, about twice width of anterior ocellus; fronto-orbital moderately broad, orange, with golden tomentum, frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; frontal vitta orange, broad below, obliterated midway above; parafacial orange, upper half with yellow pubescence, lower half bare; anterior 2/3 of gena orange, posterior 1/3 dark silvery; stout row of black setae extending horizontally across gena; postgena dark silvery with silky, golden setae; occiput with silvery tomentum and golden setae, cuticle shiny black below and behind edge of postoccipital row; median occipital sclerite shiny black; palpus typical; antenna orange except tip of arista dark brown; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae black and ascending about 1/5 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum and pleural area blue-black with weak pale tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1 ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1; meron with vertical row of stout black setae, horizontal section composed of only 1–2 setae, 1 pair converging ap, 1 weak sa, 1 lat; 1 stout bas, 1 pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles moderate in size, brown; legs entirely dark brown except apices of femora orange. Wing hyaline except veins in base of wing darkened; subcostal sclerite with heavy pubescence; tegula and basicosta dark brown; section IV 0.24 of section III; disc of upper calypter tan, rim dark with short dark setae; disc and rim of lower calypter dark brown, rim with long dark setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2–4 shiny blue with thin tomentum, T5 with heavier tomentum. T4 with stout posterior row of erect, black setae; disc of T5 with sparse, long, fine setae. Terminalia distinctive, in left lateral view surstylus long and straight, cercus even longer and also straight (Fig. 77); in posterior view, surstylus much shorter than cercus, curved outward at tip, cerci broader at base, moderately narrowing to tips (Fig. 78); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus slender and only slightly curved backward (Fig. 167); in dorsal view, phallus very narrow, much narrower than in other species of this group, basiphallus with wing-like expansions (Fig. 168). T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 226; ST1–5 broad, as in Fig. 269.</p> <p>Female [a single specimen]. Similar to male except frons 0.23 of head width at narrowest. T6 of OV shape; T7 narrowed midway with suture; T8 as two broad sclerites nearly touching midway (Fig. 313); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 357; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 398); ST1–5 as in Fig. 442.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂♦* (TLW299) (<a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.50667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.50667/lat -16.366667)">Bolivia</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.50667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.50667/lat -16.366667)">La Paz</a>; USNM; Fig. 476), labeled: BOLIVIA: Depto. La Paz / 8 km S. Chulumani, Apa Apa / ex: malaise trap, 1950–2100 m / 16°22ʹS 67°30.4ʹW / 24 - iii - 2001, S.D. Gaimari; HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / longicercus / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀ ♦* (TLW300): same data as holotype except 23.iii.2001 (USNM).</p> <p>PARATYPE: Bolivia, La Paz. 1 ♂♦* (TLW298), Coroico, Cerro Uchumachi, 16°12ʹ43ʺS 67°42ʹ49ʺW, 2550 m, 16.iv.2001, cloud forest, S.A. Marshall (UGG). Chapare. 1 ♀, Chochabamba, 1100 m, iii.1962, F.H. Walz (CNC).</p> <p>Distribution. Bolivia.</p> <p>Remarks. Three specimens (TLW 298–300) were barcoded; they clustered together close to M. decrepita (Fig. 488). This species also has a long, straight surstylus like most species in the M. aeneiventris group. However, the lack of a row of well defined, stout setae on the disc of T5 led us to conclude it should be placed in the M. bicolor group. Like M. bullata sp. nov., this species needs further study for a better definition of its taxonomic position.</p> <p>Etymology. The name longicercus is derived from the Latin longus (meaning long) and cercus, and refers to the exceptionally long male cerci of the species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F46FFA8FF19BC1F36A5FAE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F47FFABFF19BF8E36BFFB58.text	03DA87E60F47FFABFF19BF8E36BFFB58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella peregrina Aldrich. 1922	<div><p>Mesembrinella peregrina Aldrich, 1922</p> <p>(Figs 79–80, 169–170, 227, 270, 314, 358, 399, 443, 477)</p> <p>Mesembrinella peregrina Aldrich, 1922: 22. Holotype male (USNM), examined. Type locality: Espirito Santo, Brazil. [NB: the specimen is labeled as “ Mesembolia peregrina ” (see Fig. 477).]</p> <p>Mesembrinella peregrina: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 262); Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 136); Marinho et al. (2012: 142); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff (2013: 121); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly averaging 10.6 mm (10–11/5) in length. Stem vein setose dorsally; wing yellowish along costa; subcostal sclerite bare; facial ridge with short row of dark brown supravibrissal setae at base. Male frons narrow, 0.01 of head width at narrowest; epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 79–80. Female T6 of WV shape (Fig. 314).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.016 (0.01–0.02/5) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital, parafacial, gena and postgena golden when viewed from above, orange when viewed from below; frontal vitta orange when viewed from above, with golden streaks when viewed from below; fronto-orbital broader below, narrowing to thin line at about 1/3 of its length, frontal vitta obliterated; gena and lower parafacial with horizontal row of stout dark setae; antenna pale yellow; occiput with heavy whitish tomentum and fine, pale setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark orange; eye with median facets about 4x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; facial ridge with few short, stout, dark brown supravibrissal setae at base.</p> <p>Thorax orange-brown with whitish tomentose stripes; pleural area orange with whitish tomentum; chaetotaxy: with ac 2:2, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat variable 1:1 or 1:2, meral setae typical, 1 pair converging ap, 1 sa, 1 lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum prominently developed; spiracles yellow, medium-sized; legs entirely orange. Wing with anterior edge along costa and veins faintly yellowed, area around crossvein r-m with dark macula; subcostal sclerite orange with dense pubescence; basicosta and tegula orange; stem vein with row of fine, tan setae above; section IV 0.56 of section III; upper calypter pale with dark rim and tan setae; lower calypter tan disc and pale rim with fringe of long pale setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 with anterior half yellow, posterior half yellow-orange; T3–5 purple-orange with whitish tomentum. T1+2 and T3 each with two pairs of small lateral marginal setae; T4 with posterior row of stout setae, disc of T5 only with sparse, scattered, short to medium-long, fine setae. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus curved slightly backward, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 79); in posterior view cerci with narrow base, broader midway then tapered to blunt tip (Fig. 80); phallus in lateral view with medium-long, stout epiphallus with slight backward curve (Fig. 169); broad in dorsal view, with circular hypophallic lobes and an apical fork on acrophallus (Fig. 170); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 227; ST1–5: ST3–4 narrowed, as in Fig. 270.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.246 (0.24–0.26/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of FU shape, nearly flat; T7 with wide and deep indentation on anterior edge; T8 as pair of sclerites (Fig. 314); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 358; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 399); ST1–5 as in Fig. 443.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Brazil, Espririto Santo; USNM; Fig. 477), labeled: Espirito Santo / Brazil.; Mesembolia / peregrina / Ald.; Type No. / 25887 / U.S. N.M. [red label]; USNMENT01288288.</p> <p>Additional material examined. Brazil, Paraná. 1 ♂, Piraguard, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.05/lat -25.416666)">Mananciais da Serra</a>, 25°25ʹS 49°03ʹW, 9.iii.2003, Malaise, A.J.C. Agular (USNM). Rio de Janeiro. 1 ♂, Serviço Febre Amarela, ix.1938, M.E.S. Bras (USNM); 1 ♂, Petrópolis E de Rio Le Vallon Alt Mosella, 24.i–23.ii.1959, D’Albuquerquea, R.P. Mello (CNC).</p> <p>Santa Catarina. 2 ♀♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutônia</a>, 27°11ʹS 52°23ʹW, 23.xi.1936, F. Plaumann (NHMUK); 1 ♀, same data ex- cept 27°11ʹS 52°23ʹW, 19.v.1964, F. Plaumann (CNC). São Paulo. 1 ♂*, 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀, Estação Biológica de Boracéia Salesópolis, 14–19.x.1970, J.H. Guimarães, J.W. Boyes (CNC); 1 ♂, same data except #FN49 (CNC); 1 ♂*, same data except #FN35 (CNC); 1 ♀, same data except #FN32 (CNC); 1 ♀, same data except iii.1992, J.H. Guimarães (USNM); 1 ♂, Casa Grande Boracéia Field Station, Grid 23 kmp 092837, 19–26.ii.1975, T.E. Rogers (FSCA).</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil.</p> <p>Remarks. No specimens were barcoded.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F47FFABFF19BF8E36BFFB58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F44FFAAFF19BF1A36BFFB58.text	03DA87E60F44FFAAFF19BF1A36BFFB58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella pictipennis Aldrich. 1922	<div><p>Mesembrinella pictipennis Aldrich, 1922</p> <p>(Figs 81–82, 171–172, 228, 271, 315, 359, 400, 444, 478, 494)</p> <p>Mesembrinella pictipennis Aldrich, 1922: 11. Lectotype male (NHMUK), here designated. Type locality: Yungas de La Paz, Bolivia.</p> <p>Mesembrinella pictipennis: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 259); Wolff (2013: 121); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A large fly, averaging 16.7 mm (16–17/3) in length. Wing pattern distinctive: anterior half infuscated, posterior half darkened around veins (Fig. 494); abdomen without tomentose pits; supravibrissal setae brown or black, ascending about 1/2 of distance to antennal base; subcostal sclerite with long, stout brown setae; scutellum with discal setae; palpus yellow; section IV of wing 0.51 of section III.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.015 of head width at narrowest [only lectotype was measured], eyes almost touching; fronto-orbital reddish with pale tomentum; frontal setae ascending about 60% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta orange, obliterated in upper 2/3; parafacial yellow in upper 1/3, orange with whitish tomentum in lower 2/3; gena orange with silvery tomentum and horizontal row of stout setae midway; postgena orange with pale tomentum and long golden setae; occiput with dense silvery tomentum on orange cuticle, with golden setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark brown; antenna: pedicel orange, first flagellomere brown, arista orange with tan setae; eye with median facets about 3x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, supravibrissal setae dark brown, ascending about 1/2 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum reddish-brown with four pale tomentose stripes, pleura yellow-orange; chaetotaxy: ac 1:1, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae long and fine, 1 pair converging ap, 1 weak sa, 1 weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles yellow, medium-sized; legs dark orange. Wing with strong, dark infuscation on anterior half, only areas around veins infuscated on posterior half (Fig. 494); subcostal sclerite with long reddish setae, basicosta dark reddish, tegula lighter red; section IV 0.51 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters reddish-brown; rim of upper calypter dark brown with reddish setae, rim of lower calypter mostly pale with long reddish setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 and T3 more or less tan, T4–5 shiny blue; rear margin of T4 with row of stout setae; disc of T5 with dense, short, sparse, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus curved sharply backward (Fig. 81); in posterior view, cerci with broad base, gradually tapering to blunt tip (Fig. 82); phallus in lateral view with long, slender epiphallus with slight backward curve (Fig. 171); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow (Fig. 172); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite as in Fig. 228; ST5 as in Fig. 271 [lectotype missing ST2–4].</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.26/2 of head width at narrowest. T6 wide and deep, of OU shape; T 7 in broad arc nearly separated midway; T8 as pair of small slender sclerites; epiproct divided (Fig. 315); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 359; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 400); ST1–5 as in Fig. 444.</p> <p>Type material examined 1. LECTOTYPE ♂ (Bolivia, La Paz; NHMUK; Fig. 478), here designated, labeled: Yungas de la Paz, / Bolivia / 1000 m / Purchd. from / H. Rolle / 1904–117; LECTOTYPE ♂ / Mesembrinella / pictipennis / Aldrich, 1922 / Designated by / Dear and Pont. [red border]; Mesembrinella / pictipennis / Type Ald.; LECTO- / TYPE [round label with purple border].</p> <p>PARALECTOTYPE: ♀, same locality as lectotype (NHMUK) [with handwritten label “ Mesembrinella pic- tipennis Allotype Ald. ”, paralectotype label (des. Dear &amp; Pont) and round paralectotype label with light blue bor- der].</p> <p>Remarks. Dear and Pont selected a lectotype for Mesembrinella pictipennis Aldrich, 1922, without publishing the designation. The same specimen (in NHMUK) is here formally designated as the lectotype of this nominal species. The paralectotype is conspecific with the lectotype (N. Wyatt, pers. comm.).</p> <p>Additional material examined. Bolivia, La Paz. 1 ♀, Coroico, 1200 m, [no date], Fassi (NHMUK); 1 ♀, Rio Songo, 750 m, [no date], Fassi (NHMUK). Ecuador, Napo. 2 ♀♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.150276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6138889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.150276/lat -0.6138889)">Tiputini Biodiversity Stn.</a>, 0°36ʹ50ʺS 76°9ʹ1ʹW, V.2011, S.A. Marshall (UGG). La Paz. 2 ♂♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.7/lat -12.666667)">Heath River</a> Wildlife Centre, 21 km SSW Puerto Heath, 12°40ʹS 68°42ʹW, 29.iv–12v.2007, S.A. Marshall (UGG).</p> <p>Distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador. Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Colombia and Costa Rica.</p> <p>Remarks. No specimens were barcoded.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F44FFAAFF19BF1A36BFFB58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60F45FF55FF19BF1A30DFF8FC.text	03DA87E60F45FF55FF19BF1A30DFF8FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella quadrilineata (Fabricius 1805)	<div><p>Mesembrinella quadrilineata (Fabricius, 1805)</p> <p>(Figs 83–84, 173–174, 229, 272, 316, 360, 401, 445, 488)</p> <p>Musca quadrilineata Fabricius, 1805: 286. Holotype female (NMW), not examined. Type locality: America Meridionals [= South America]. Mesembrina quadrilineata: Townsend (1892: 34). Eumesembrinella quadrilineata: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 263); Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 127); Marinho et al. (2012: 142); Kos- mann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 866); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 108). Mesembrinella quadrilineata: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A large fly averaging 12.6 mm (12–13/5) in length. Postpronotal setae 2x 2; wing with base yellowish and anterior margin infuscated from costa to vein R 2+3; T3–4 concolorous, without distinct posterior bands; posterior row of stout marginal setae on T4; posthumeral seta absent.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.108 (0.10–0.12) of head width at narrowest, about equal to width of parafacial at level of lunule. Fronto-orbital broad, pale orange when viewed from below and yellowish when viewed from above with faint yellowish tomentum, sclerites almost touching midway; frontal setae ascending about 60% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta dark orange, broad below, narrowed, almost obliterated midway but broader above, ascending to base of ocellar triangle; parafacial pale orange; gena orange with silvery tomentum, horizontal row of stout, dark setae midway, and scattered dark setae except for a few pale setae near posterior margin; postgena orange with silvery tomentum and fine golden setae; occiput dark with silvery tomentum and fine golden setae, median occipital sclerite shiny dark brown; antenna: pedicel, first flagellomere and base of arista orange, setae on arista brown; palpus typical; eye with median facets 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle moderate, anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae short and dark, ascending about 1/6 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>1 Paralectotype not examined directly; information provided by N. Wyatt (NHMUK).</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum dark brown to black with 4 pale tomentose stripes; pleura orange; chaetotaxy: ac 0:1, dc most 2:3, some 3:3, ia 0, ph 0, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair parallel or slightly diverging ap, sa and lat absent, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles medium-sized, pale orange; legs orange except mid and hind tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing yellowish with anterior edge infuscated from costa to about midway between veins R 2+3 and R 4+5; subcostal sclerite orange and bare; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.21 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters pale orange; rims of upper and lower calypters pale, both with long orange setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 orange, T3 sometimes with anterior edge orange, remaining portions of T3–5 shiny metallic blue, usually only T1+2–3 with whitish tomentum; T1+2–3 with dorsolateral marginal setae, posterior margin of T4 with row of stout setae; disc of T5 with fairly dense, medium-long setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus weakly curved backward (Fig. 83); in posterior view, cerci with broad base tapered distally to rounded tips (Fig. 84); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus of moderate length and curvature (Fig. 173); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes expanded posteriorly (Fig. 174). T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 229; ST1–5 very narrow, as in Fig. 272.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.274 (0.24–0.29/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of WU in shape; T7 with suture midway; T8 as two sclerites, epiphallus bilobed (Fig. 316); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 360; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 401); ST2–5 as in Fig. 445.</p> <p>Material examined. Bolivia, Santa Cruz. 1 ♂ (TLW280), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.46&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.681667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.46/lat -17.681667)">Potrerillos de Guenda</a>, 17°40.9ʹS 63°27.6ʹW, 4– 7.iv.1998, B.D. Gill (CNC). Brazil, Amazonas. 1 ♀, Manaus, vii.1935, G.V. Vredenburg (LACM). Rondônia. 1 ♂, 1♀ *, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW394), 62 km SE Ariquemes, 15–22.iii.1991, W. Hanson, G. Bohart (LACM); 2 ♀♀, same data except 8–20.xi.1994, W.J. Hanson (LACM); 1 ♂, 62 km SW Ariquemes, nr Fzda. Rancho Grande, 3–15.xii.1996, fish carrion pitfall, J.E. Eger (FSCA); 2 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW278 – TLW279), same data except 4–16.xi.1997 (FSCA); 1 ♀, same data except 17–24.iii.1989, S.W. Dunkle (FSCA); 1 ♀, same data except 10°32ʹS 62°48ʹW, 29.ix–10.x. 1992, 165 m, D.W. Colby (LACM); 1 ♀, 160–350 m vic. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.533334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.8/lat -10.533334)">Caucalândia</a>, 10°32ʹS 62°48ʹW, 10–11.x.1991, pitfall trap baited with human feces, J. MacDonald (MEM); 1 ♀, same data except 12–13.X.1991 (MEM). Roraima. 1 ♀, Boa Vista, Fordlândia, R Tapajos, 15.vii, C.H.T. Townsend (USNM); 1 ♀, same data except James’ Camp, vii.1918. Ecuador, Napo. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.61667/lat -1.0666667)">Jatun Sacha Biol. Res.</a>, 6 km E Misahualli, 1°4ʹS 77°37ʹW, 450m, 3.v.2002, O. Lonsdale (UGG); 1 ♂, same data except 30.iv–8.v.2002, S.M. Paiero (UGG); 1 ♀, same data except 6.v.2002, M. Buck (UGG). Orellano. 1 ♀, Yasuni Natl. Pk., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.40056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6805556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.40056/lat -0.6805556)">Yasuni Research Stn.</a>, 0°40ʹ50ʺS 76°24ʹ2ʺW, 250 m, 28.iv–8.v.2009, S.A. Marshall (UGG). Guyana, Cuyuni-Mazaruni. 1 ♂, Kartabo, ix.1922, M.D. Haviland (LACM). Peru, Cusco. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ *, 2 ♀♀, Pilocapata, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.4/lat -12.883333)">Villa Carmen Biológica Sta.</a>, 12°53ʹS 71°24ʹW, i–iii.2013, E. Rodriguez (FSCA); 1 ♀, same data except v.2014, multilure trap, M. Choque (FSCA); 1 ♀, Rio Tambopata, 60 km S Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 28.x.1999, D. &amp; J. Lindsley (LACM). Junin. 1 ♀ ♦* (TLW276), La Merced, Fundo Genova, 9.vii.2008, [no collector] (MJMO). Pasco. 1 ♂*, 3 km N Puerto Bermudes, 200 m, jungle, 27.vi.1980, D. Baumgartner, B. Greenberg (BG). Venezuela, Bolivar. 1 ♀, Caura Val., 1961. A.L. Melander Collection (USNM).</p> <p>Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela. Guimar„es (1977) lists French Guiana. Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Colombia and Ecuador.</p> <p>Remarks. Five specimens from Bolivia (TLW 280), Brazil (TLW 278–279) and Peru (TLW 276–277) were barcoded, and three GenBank sequences from Brazil (JQ 246687, KR820730, KR820731) were added to the analysis. They formed a distinct group with some genetic variation between sequences. The genetic distance between sequences within Brazil was less than 2%, whereas between Brazil and Bolivia, it was 2.3% and between Brazil and Peru it was around 3.5% (Fig. 488). Morphologically, all these variants appear very similar, and further molecular and morphological studies are needed to determine if any cryptic species can be found within them.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60F45FF55FF19BF1A30DFF8FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FBAFF57FF19BD8634FEFE38.text	03DA87E60FBAFF57FF19BD8634FEFE38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella randa (Walker 1849)	<div><p>Mesembrinella randa (Walker, 1849)</p> <p>(Figs 85–86, 175–176, 230, 273, 317, 361, 402, 446, 479, 488)</p> <p>Dexia randa Walker, 1849: 852. Lectotype female (NHMUK), here designated. Type locality: Brazil.</p> <p>Eumesembrinella randa: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 263); Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 142); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 866); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 108).</p> <p>Mesembrinella randa: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A large fly averaging 12 mm (11–13/5) in length. Postpronotal setae 2x 2; base of wing mostly hyaline; anterior margin of wing infuscated from costa to vein R 2+3; T3–4 concolorous, without distinct posterior bands; posterior edge of T4 lacking marginal setae dorsally; posthumeral seta present, often reduced; rim of upper calypter dark.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.078 (0.07–0.09/5) of head width at narrowest, slightly narrower than width of parafacial at level of lunule; fronto-orbital, parafacial, gena and antenna pale golden, frontal vitta darker orange; frontal setae ascending about 60% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta obliterated midway, gena with typical horizontal row of stout setae midway, otherwise with scattered weak tan setae; posterior margin with few golden setae; postgena orange with pale tomentum and golden setae; occiput dark orange with silvery tomentum and golden setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark brown; antenna pale gold except brown setae on arista; palpus typical; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus about 2x size of posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae short and brown, in short row, ascending about 1/10 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum dark orange midway, with 4 broad golden tomentose stripes, lateral presutural areas pale orange; pleural area orange; chaetotaxy: ac 0:1, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, often somewhat reduced, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair of ac parallel or slightly converging, sa and lat absent, bas typical, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles orange, medium-sized; legs: femora orange, tibiae and tarsi tan to brown. Wing with anterior edge infuscated from costa to R 2+3; subcostal sclerite orange and bare; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.30 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters reddish; rim of upper calypter dark with long pale setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long reddish setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. Dorsum of T1+2–3 orange, T4–5 shiny blue; T3–4 with dorsolateral pair of marginal setae; rear margin of T4 without marginal setae; disc of T5 with dense, short, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view: surstylus with moderate backward curve [sharper than in M. quadrilineata], cercus with apical hook (Fig. 85); in posterior view, cerci broad at base, then tapering gradually to tip (Fig. 86); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus of moderate length and with slight backward curve (Fig. 175); in dorsal view, hypophallus rounded with fine serrations, as in Fig. 176; T 6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 230; ST1–5 very narrow, as in Fig. 273.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.278 (0.25–0.30/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of FU shape; T7 continuous, darkened midway, pale laterally; T8 as separate sclerites; epiproct divided midway (Fig. 317); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 361; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 402); ST1–5 as in Fig. 446.</p> <p>Type material examined. LECTOTYPE ♀ (Brazil; NHMUK; Fig. 479), here designated, labeled: Brazil. / Pres. by the / Entomological / Club / 44.12; LECTOTYPE ♀ / Dexia / randa / Walker, 1849 / Designated by / Dear and Pont. [red border]; SYNTYPE ♀ / Dexia / randa Walker / 1849, List Dipt. / Brit. Mus., 4: 852 [red border]; LECTO-/ TYPE [round label with purple border]; Dexia / Type / randa / Walk. [round label with green border]; Ent. Club. / 44-12.</p> <p>Remarks. Dexia randa was described based on at least two specimens from Brazil (Walker 1849: 853), but only one of these type specimens is currently housed in NHMUK (N. Wyatt, pers. comm.). Dear and Pont selected and labeled this specimen as a lectotype for this species, without publishing the designation. The same specimen is here formally designated as the lectotype of this nominal species. The lectotype has a frons to head width of 0.30 at narrowest, 1 small ph and no presutural ia. It is significantly damaged, with 5 legs missing (only left mid leg attached) and the left wing broken off, kept in a vial pinned below the specimen; the macula on the wing is faint and faded.</p> <p>Additional material examined. Bolivia, Tumupasa. 1 ♀, Mulford Biol. Expl 1921–1922. Xii, W.M. Mann (LACM). Brazil, Rondônia. 1 ♂*, 4 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW281 – TLW284), 19 ♀♀, 62 km SW Ariquemes, nr Fzda. Rancho Grande, 4–16.xi.1997, Fish Carrion Pitfall, J.E. Eger (FSCA); 1 ♀, same data except 6–15.xii.1990, D.A. Rider &amp; J.E. Eger (FSCA); 1 ♀, same data except 17–24.iii. 1989, 180 m, W.J. Hanson (LACM). Colombia, Caqueta. 1 ♂*, 1 ♂, Rio Orteguaza, nr. Rio Peneya, 14–18.i.1969, Duckworth &amp; Dietz (LACM). Peru, Cusco. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Pilocapata, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.4/lat -12.883333)">Villa Carmen</a>, 12°53ʹS 71°24ʹW, v.2014, Multilure trap, M. Choque (FSCA). Lorenzo. 1 ♂*, 2 ♂♂, Boqueron, 30.vi.1965, J. Schunke (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 9.vii.1965 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 4.vii.1965 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 500 m, 14.vii.1965 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 22.iii.1964 (LACM); 2 ♀♀, 160 km NE Iquitos, Explornapo Camp, 2 km from Rio Napo on Rio Sucusari, 27–31.viii.1992, human dung trap, J. Castner &amp; Skelley (FSCA). Pasco. 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ *, 3 km N. Puerto Bermudes, 200 m, jungle, 27.vi.1980, fish bait, D. Baumgartner, B. Greenberg (BG); 1 ♀, no other data (CEUA).</p> <p>Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru. Guimar„es (1977) listed it from Guyana, Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from French Guiana and Venezuela.</p> <p>Remarks. Four specimens (TLW 281–284) were barcoded and formed a distinct group close to M. benoisti (Fig. 488).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FBAFF57FF19BD8634FEFE38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FB8FF56FF19BBFA3713FE39.text	03DA87E60FB8FF56FF19BBFA3713FE39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella semihyalina Mello. 1967	<div><p>Mesembrinella semihyalina Mello, 1967</p> <p>(Figs 87–88, 177–178, 231, 274, 318, 362, 403, 447, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella semihyalina Mello, 1967: 73. Holotype male (FIOC), not examined. Type locality: Parque Sooretama, Espirito Santo, Brazil.</p> <p>Mesembrinella semihyalina: Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 138); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff (2013: 121); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly averaging 12.2 mm (11–13/5) in length. Wing infuscated; supravibrissal setae brown; subcostal sclerite setose; wing with section IV 0.23 of section III; male phallus in dorsal view with weak serrations (Fig. 178); legs entirely orange. Male frons about 0.06 of head width at narrowest; epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs. 87–88. Female T6 of WU shape (Fig. 318).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.063 (0.06–0.07/3) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital and parafacial pale silvery when viewed from above, pale orange when viewed from below; frontal setae ascending halfway to vertex; frontal vitta dark orange, obliterated midway; gena pale orange with horizontal row of few dark setae anteriorly, otherwise with small dark setae; postgena pale yellow with fine yellow setae; occiput with pale yellow tomentum and yellow setae; median occipital sclerite shiny black; antenna orange, first flagellomere with pale tomentum, arista dark orange; palpus typical; eye with median facets 3x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus 2x size of posterior ocelli; short row of tan supravibrissal setae on facial ridge ascending, about 1/6 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum with alternating dark brown areas with yellowish tomentose stripes; pleura dark orange with whitish tomentum; spiracles small, pale orange; chaetotaxy: ac variable, 2:1or 2:2, sometimes one or more setae missing, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair of parallel ap, sa and lat absent, 1 bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles medium-sized, pale yellow; legs entirely orange. Wing faintly infuscated along distal 2/3 of costa through R 2+3 and along veins; basicosta and tegula pale orange; section IV 0.23 of section III; upper calypter with pale disc and dark rim with reddish setae; lower calypter with pale disc and rim, rim with long pale setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 dark orange; T3–T5 shiny blue with patchy white tomentum; rear margins of T4–5 with stout setae; disc of T5 with dense, medium-long, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus broad, with gradual backward curve, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 87); in posterior view, base of cerci broad, relatively short and stout, narrowing apically to chisel-like tip (Fig. 88); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus short and stout with slight backward curve (Fig. 177); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes slightly rounded with shallow, moderate serrations (Fig. 178). T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 231; ST2–5 as in Fig. 274.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.248 (0.23–0.26/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of WU shape; T7 continuous; T8 narrowed midway; epiproct divided midway (Fig. 318); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 362; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 403); ST1–5 as in Fig. 447.</p> <p>Type material examined. PARATYPE: Brazil, Distrito Federal. 1 ♂, Parque Sooretama (Cupido), E. Santo, L. Travis, H. Travis, II/III-948 (CNC).</p> <p>Additional material examined. Brazil, Alagoas. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW392), Murici, 26–30.vii.2012, S.S. Nihei, P.G. Dias, D.M. Alcantara, C.S. Costa (NHMUK); 1 ♂♦, same data except (TLW392) (NHMUK). São Paulo. 1 ♂*, 11.ii.1923, L.G. Saunders (NHMUK). Rio de Janeiro. 1 ♂*, Angra dos Reis, E. de Rio (CNC); 1 ♀, Angra do Reis, 29.v.1972, H.S. Lopes (CNC). Rondônia. 1 ♀ *, 3 ♀♀, Caucalândia, 10°32ʹS 62°48ʹW, 21.x.1991, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW432), J. McDonald (MEM); 1 ♀ *, 62 km, SW Ariquemes nr Fzda. Rancho Grande, 6–15.xii.1990, D.A. Rider, J.E. Eger (FSCA).</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil.</p> <p>Remarks. Bonatto (2001) argued that this species is a synonym of M. abaca [here considered a synonym of M. socors], but M. semihyalina has a distinct, dark infuscation in cells r 1 and r 2+3, while M. socors has, at most, a faint yellowing in the r 1 cell along the costa. The known range of M. semihyalina is Brazil, whereas M. socors is known only from Central America. Two specimens of M. semihyalina (TLW 392 and TLW 432) were barcoded; they clustered together, close to M. anomala and distant from M. socors (genetic distance 12%) (Fig. 488), supporting the morphological differentiation between these two species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FB8FF56FF19BBFA3713FE39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FB9FF56FF19BBFB3686F8C1.text	03DA87E60FB9FF56FF19BBFB3686F8C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella serrata Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella serrata Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 89–90, 179–180, 232, 275, 319, 363, 404, 448, 480)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A small fly averaging 9.2 mm (8–10/5) in length. Wing with section IV 0.44 of section III; distal 2/3 of wing along costa faintly infuscated; subcostal sclerite with long tan setae; abdomen bluish with faint white tomentum; usually kat 1:1. Male: epiphallus of normal length (Fig. 179); hypophallic lobes broad, pear-shaped in dorsal view, with coarse serrations (Fig. 180). Female T6 of WV shape (Fig. 319), with suture midway.</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons 0.028 (0.025 –0.030 /2) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital, parafacial and gena yellow-gold; frontal vitta dark red; frontal setae ascending about 30% of distance to vertex, to where frontal vitta is obliterated; gena with horizontal row of brown setae midway, otherwise with small, scattered brown setae; postgena yellow with fine yellow setae; occiput dark with pale yellow tomentum and fine yellow setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark brown; antenna entirely orange with whitish tomentum, arista tan; palpus typical; eye with median facets 4x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus 2x size of posterior ocelli; row of long tan supravibrissal setae ascending about 1/8 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum dark brown with golden brown tomentum and a pair of brown lateral tomentose stripes with presutural stripe midway; pleura mostly orange with golden tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 1:1, rarely 2:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair of converging ap, sa and lat absent, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles orange, medium-sized; legs: femora orange, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing with distal 2/3 of costa faintly infuscated; subcostal sclerite with long tan setae; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.44 of section III; disc of upper calypter pale with brown rim and short tan setae; lower calypter with yellowish disc and dark brown rim with long tan setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2–3 mostly dark orange, rear of T3 bluish; T4–5 shiny blue with faint white tomentum; rear margins of T4 and T5 with stout marginal setae dorsolaterally, no setae mid-dorsally; disc of T5 bare. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus as in Fig. 89; in posterior view, cerci very robust, pear-shaped, narrowed above, broadest midway and tapering distally to broad tips (Fig. 90); phallus in lateral view with medium-long, slender epiphallus with small backward curve (Fig. 179); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes broad, pear-shaped, with coarse serrations along edge (Fig. 180). T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 232; ST2–5 as in Fig. 275.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.238 (0.28–0.29/3) of head width at narrowest. T6 of WV shape with suture midway; T7 divided midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 319); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 363; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 404); ST1–5 as in Fig. 448.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂* (Peru, Madre de Dios; CNC; Fig. 480), labeled: Avispas [= Avispa], Madre / de Dios, PERU / 20 - 30.IX.1962 / L. Pena. 400m.; HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / serrata / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀: Peru, Madre de Dios. Avispas [= Avispa], 20–30.ix. 1962, 400 m, L. Pena (CNC).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Peru, Madre de Dios. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ *, Avispas [= Avispa], 20–30.ix. 1962, 400 m, L. Pena (CNC); 1 ♀, same data except 1–15.x.1962 (CNC).</p> <p>Distribution. Peru.</p> <p>Remarks. No specimens were barcoded.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name serrata is derived from the Latin serra (= saw), and refers to the distinctive serrations along the edge of the hypophallic lobes.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FB9FF56FF19BBFB3686F8C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FBEFF50FF19BABE363AF824.text	03DA87E60FBEFF50FF19BABE363AF824.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella socors (Walker 1861)	<div><p>Mesembrinella socors (Walker, 1861).</p> <p>(Figs 14, 91–92, 181–182, 233, 276, 320, 364, 405, 449, 481–482, 488, 493)</p> <p>Calliphora socors Walker, 1861: 311. Holotype female (NHMUK), examined. Type locality: Mexico.</p> <p>Huascaromusca abaca Hall, 1948: 68. Holotype male (USNM), examined photographically. Type locality: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Panama. Syn. nov.</p> <p>Mesembrinella abaca: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 260); Vargas &amp; Wood (2009: 1301); Kosmann et al. (2013: 77); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 868); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized bluish fly averaging 10.4 mm (8–13/5) in length. Postpronotal setae 3x 3; wing hyaline; ppn and femora orange; subcostal sclerite setose; section IV of wing 0.24 of section III; dorsum of thorax brown with four pale tomentose stripes; male with T1+2–3 orange, T4–5 more or less shiny blue with streaky tomentum, T3 with a triangle of bluish cuticle from hind margin to point in middle of tergite (Fig. 493). Epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 91–92. Female with only T1+2 orange; terminalia as in Fig. 320.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons broad, 0.078 (0.07–0.09) of head width at narrowest, about equal to width of parafacial at level of lunule; fronto-orbital broad, silvery-orange, with frontal setae stout below to short and weak above, starting about midway and extending to ocellar triangle; frontal vitta obliterated midway, orange below; parafacial silvery when viewed from above; gena orange with silvery tomentum and horizontal row of stout, black setae along lower margin across lower parafacial to vibrissa; postgena orange with long yellow setae; occiput silvery with weak, orange setae; median occipital sclerite shiny black; palpus typical; antenna typical; eye with median facets 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus slightly larger than posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae on facial ridge dark brown, ascending about 1/6 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum with heavy grayish tomentum and three pale tomentose stripes; pleura with grayish tomentum and mostly weak yellow setae; chaetotaxy: ac 2:2 or 2:3, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae typical, 1 pair converging ap, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, sa and lat absent, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles small, pale orange; legs: femora orange, fore tibia and tarsus orange, mid and hind tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing hyaline with faint darkening along all veins; basicosta pale, tegula orange; subcostal sclerite setose; section IV 0.24 of section III; disc of upper calypter pale, rim sooty with pale setae; lower calypter wholly pale with long pale setae (Fig. 14).</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2–3 orange; T4–5 polished blue with streaky tomentum, T3 with a triangle of bluish cuticle from hind margin to point in middle of tergite (Fig. 493); rear margin of T3 with 2x 2 lateral marginal setae; rear of T4–5 each with row of stout setae on posterior margins; disc of T5 with dense, short, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus curving sharply backward, cercus with an apical hook (Fig. 91); in posterior view, cerci short and stout with chisel-like tips (Fig. 92); phallus in lateral view with short, stout epiphallus (Fig. 181); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes rectangular with coarse serrations (Fig. 182); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 233; ST1–5 as in Fig. 276.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.26 (0.24–0.27/5) of head width at narrowest and color pattern of abdomen different, normally with only T1+2 orange, T3 shiny blue and without triangular projection. T6 of OV shape; T7 continuous with posterior edge recessed midway; T8 as separate sclerites; epiproct as two sclerites (Fig. 320); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 364; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 405); ST1–5 as in Fig. 449.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀ (Mexico; NHMUK; Fig. 481), labeled: Mexico / Ex Coll. / W.W. Saunders. / 68.4; Calliphora / Type / Socors / Walk. [round label with green border] / HOLOTYPE ♀ / Calliphora / socors Walker / 1861, Trans. ent. Soc. / Lond. (2) 5: 311 [red border]; Holo- / type [round label with red border]; 68.4; Mex.</p> <p>Huascaromusca abaca Hall, 1948: HOLOTYPE ♂ (Panama; USNM; examined photographically: Fig. 482), labeled: Barro / Colorado Isl / CZ VIII-IX-36; Jas Zetek / No 3749; Huascaromusca / abaca / Hall / det / DG Hall; USNMENT / 01295436.</p> <p>PARATYPES: Panama, Canal Zone. 2 ♂♂, Barro Colo IS [= Colorado Island], CZ [= Canal Zone], xi.17.39, fruit fly trap, Jas Zetek, No. 4594, Paratype No 53112 (USNM); 1 ♀, same data except i.9.1929, C.H. Curran (USNM).</p> <p>Remarks. The holotype female of Mesembrinella socors was examined and is in only fair condition. It is dirty and covered with fungal hyphae (Fig. 481). Guimar„es (1977) listed this species as a synonym of M. bicolor following Hall 1948, but the setose subcostal sclerite clearly separates it from that species, which has a bare subcostal sclerite. The holotype is very similar to the holotype male of Mesembrinella abaca (Hall), which was also examined. Since the type of M. socors is a female, it was compared to several female specimens we had previously identified as M. abaca. Specimens of both species key to M. socors using the key provided herein, we have concluded they are a single species. Shared characters include postpronotal setae 3x 3; stem vein bare; wing with faint yellow tinge along costa and around some veins; ppn and femora orange; subcostal sclerite setose. We conclude that M. abaca is a synonym of M. socors. Hall (1948) listed M. abaca from Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama and Nicaragua; in the current study specimens of M. socors were found from all these countries except Nicaragua.</p> <p>Additional material examined. Colombia, Meta. 1 ♀, 2.3 km NW Villavicencio, Qbda. Susamaco, 1000 m, 5.iii.1972, Ber. 234 for litter, S. &amp; J. Peck (CNC). Costa Rica, Alajuela. 2 ♂♂, 20 km S Upala, 11–20.iv.1991, F.D. Parker (LACM); 1 ♀ *, same data except 6.i.1991 (LACM); 1 ♀, Guaruso, Sitio Catarata Rio Buenavista, 700–800 m, 23.iii.2007, Tp. Luz, L _N_298474 428857 #91074, J.A. Azofeifa (INBIO); 1 ♂♦ (TLW195), Bijagua, P.N. Volcan Teurio, Albergue Heliconias, Send. Heliconias 680 m, 1.ii.2008, Tp. Luz, L _N_299100 422600 #94184, A. Zumbando (INBIO). Cartago. 1 ♂*, Turrialba, M.N. Guayabo, 1100–1200 m, 8–13.v.2007, M. Moraga, R. Gonzáles, E. Navarro (INBIO). Heredia. 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.01667/lat 10.433333)">Estación Biológica la Selva</a>, 10°26′N 84°01′W, iii.1993, #149, [no collector] (INBIO). Puntarenas. 1 ♂, Rancho Quemado, 200 m, Península de Osa, vii.1992, L_S_292500 511000, A. Marín (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except v.1992, F. Quesada &amp; G. Varela (INBIO); 1 ♂*, same data except K. Flores (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except Península de Osa A.C., 4–21.i.1994, #2570, H. Gutierrez (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except ix.1991, F. Quesada (INBIO); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Estación Sirena, P.N. Corcovado, 1–100 m, ii.1993, L_S_ 270500 508300 #1805, G. Fonseca (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except 0– 100 m., vi.1990, F. Quesada (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except 0–100 m, vi.1990, G. Maass: 1 ♀, same data except Golfito, S. Corcovado 0 m, 9.xi.2000, manual, L_S_507400 270400 #61788, K. Caballero (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except ix.1993, #2362; 3 ♂♂, P.N. Corcovado Estación Sirena, Send. Olla., 10 m, 26.iv.2001, L_S_ 270500 508300 #63082, Manual, K. Caballero (INBIO); 4 ♀♀, Osa Península 2.5 mil. SW <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.48333/lat 8.7)">Rincón</a>, 08°42ʹN 83°29ʹW, 8–12.iii.1967, OTS Adv. Zoo Course, [no collector] (LACM); 1 ♀ *, same data except 21–28.ii.1967 (LACM); 1 ♀, Golfito, Jimenéz, P.N. Corcovado, Es- tación Los Patos, Send. Guaymi, 140 m, 29.i.2002, Libre, L_S_ 280925 515150 #66731, K. Caballero (INBIO); 1. ♀, R.F. Golfo Dulce, P.N. Corcovado Estación Agujas, 300 m, 10.xi–10.xii.2006, Malaise trap, L_S_276750 526550 #90271, J.A. Azofeifa (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except Golfito, 250–350 m, 12.v.2006, Manual, #56763, K. Caballero (INBIO); 3 ♀♀, Monteverde, 1500 m, 25–30.viii.1991, D.M. Wood (CNC); 2 ♀♀, same data except 20–25.viii.1991 (INBIO); 1 ♀, R.V. S. Golfito, Estación Naranjales, 64 m, 22–26.iv.2004, Tp. Frutas, L S 289900_ 553450 #76862, B. Gamboa, D. Briceño, M. Moraga, W. Porras (INBIO); 1 ♀, Rincón de la Osa, 26.vii.1966, D. Veirs (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except vicinity of Rincón, 14.iii.1967, D.R. Paulson (FSCA); 1 ♀ *, 2. ♀, 10 km NE Quepos RioSPAraiso, 15.ii.2003, G. &amp; M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♀, P.N. Corcovado, Cerro Brujo, Hito., 617 m, 5.xi.2002, Manual, L _S_289100 507325 #72432, K. Caballero (INBIO); 1 ♀, P.N. Corcovado, Sector La Leona, Cerro Puma, 100–300 m, 17.ix–5.x.2003, Libre, L _S_267700 518900 #75585, K. Cabellero (INBIO). San José. 1 ♂♦*, Tarrazu San Carlos Reserva Rios, Paraisa Alberque Pecari, 406 m, 30.iv–4.v.2006, B. Gamboa, M. Moraga (INBIO); 1 ♀, San Isidro General, ii.1993, F.D. Parker (LACM). Ecuador, Imbabura. 1 ♂*, 1 ♂♦ (TLW419), 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW420), Lita, 12.iv.2016, Trap 4, P. Ponce (FSCA). Pichincha. 1 ♂, E. Sto Domingo, 8–14.v.1988, Hanson &amp; Bohart (LACM). Guatemala, Quetzaltenango. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW455), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.77" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.55/lat 14.77)">14.4 km SW Zunil.</a>, 14.77°N. 91.55°W, 1340 m, 20.vi.1993, human feces, F. Genier (LACM). San Marcos. 1 ♂♦ (TLW197), 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW196), Bojoual 1600 m, 2.vii.2011, F. Camposeco (WSU). Suchitepéquez. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW418), Univ. Guatemala Res. Station, 14°32ʹ88ʺN 91°11ʹ62ʺW, 1550 m, 19.vi.2011, F. Carillo (WSU). Panama, Colon. 2 ♂♂, Barro Colorado Island CZ, 17.xi.1939, Fruit fly trap, No. 4594, JasZetek (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 9.i.1929, C.H. Curran (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except 27.i.1955, #780, C. Rettenmeyer (LACM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW417), C.Z., Gatun Ridge Road, 8–9.iv.1987, J.R. MacDonald (MEM); El Valle, Cocle, 800–850 m, 8.i.1986, J. &amp; S. MacDonald (MEM).</p> <p>Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama. Hall (1948) also listed Nicaragua (as Huascaromusca abaca). Bonatto (2001) also listed it from Brazil (as M. abaca).</p> <p>Remarks. Seven specimens (TLW 195–197, TLW 418–420 and TLW 455) were barcoded, and clustered togeth- er (Fig. 488). These were specimens from several countries including Ecuador, Costa Rica and Guatemala. TLW 455 was a typical M. socors but only had 2x 2 postpronotal setae rather than the normal 3x 3; this variation was not seen in other specimens of this species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FBEFF50FF19BABE363AF824	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FBCFF52FF19BABE36C0FDA8.text	03DA87E60FBCFF52FF19BABE36C0FDA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella townsendi Guimaraes 1977	<div><p>Mesembrinella townsendi Guimarães, 1977</p> <p>(Figs 93–94, 183–184, 234, 277, 321, 365, 406, 450, 483, 488, 495)</p> <p>Mesembrinella townsendi Guimar „es, 1977: 31. Holotype male (NHMUK), examined. Type locality: Fundo Chela, Peru. Mesembrinella townsendi: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 260); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff (2013: 121); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 870); Marinho et al. (2017; tab. 1) Cerretti et al. (2017: tab 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly averaging 11.4 mm (11–12/5) in length. Wing infuscated from where subcostal vein meets costa to where vein R 1 meets costa, and extending from costa to vein R 2+3 (Fig. 495); abdomen without pale tomentose pits; supravibrissal setae brown; subcostal sclerite with brown setae; abdomen shiny blue with streaky pale tomentum; wing with section IV 0.24 of section III; mid and hind tibiae and tarsi brown. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 93–94. Female terminalia as in Fig. 321.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.015 (0.01–0.02/5) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital, parafacial, gena, and postgena orange with sparse pale tomentum; frontal setae ascending about 30% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta dark orange, obliterated at about 1/3 of length; gena with horizontal row of dark brown setae midway, from posterior margin to vibrissa, otherwise with scattered brown setae; postgena with orange setae and sparse pale tomentum; occiput dark brown with heavy dark gold tomentum and fine golden setae, median occipital sclerite shiny with unusual area of pale cuticle above and dark brown cuticle below; antenna entirely orange except apical half of arista brown; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus about 2x size of posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae brown, ascending about 1/6 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax with four pale stripes (as in Fig. 493); pleura orange with pale tomentum; spiracles pale yellow; chaetotaxy: ac 2:2, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae fine, tan, with short horizontal section, 1 pair converging ap, 1 weak sa, 1 weak lat, 1 stout bas, 1 pb, 1 disc; subscutellum weakly developed; spiracles of moderate size, pale yellow; legs: femora orange, tibiae and tarsi more or less dark brown. Wing infuscated from where subcostal vein meets costa to where vein R 1 meets costa and from costa to vein R 2+3 (Fig. 495); subcostal sclerite setose with dark brown setae (similar to Fig. 490); basicosta tan to dark brown, tegula orange; section IV 0.24 of section III; disc of upper calypter tan, rim dark with short dark setae; disc of lower calypter brown, rim pale with long pale setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 yellowish, T3 yellowish to shiny blue, T4–5 shiny blue with pale tomentum, T4 with row of stout marginal setae, T5 with posterior row of weak marginal setae; disc of T5 with dense, short, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view as in Fig. 93; in posterior view as in Fig. 94; phallus in lateral view as in Fig. 183; in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes of unusual shape with shallow, coarse serrations along edge (Fig. 184); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 234; ST1–5 as in Fig. 277.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.282 (0.26–0.29/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of OV shape; T7 broad, divided midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 321); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 365; ST7 distinctive, narrowed in anterior third and expanded in posterior 2/3; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 406); ST1–5 as in Fig. 450.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Peru; NHMUK; Fig. 483), labeled: PERU / Fundo Chela / 4.vi.1964 / 1100m. J. Schunke; B.M. 1964-686; Holo- / type [round label with red border]; Mesembrinella / townsendi G. / J. H. Guimar „es det.</p> <p>PARATYPE: Peru. 1 ♂*, over Monzon River, 19.vi. 1964, 860 m, J. Schunke (NHMUK).</p> <p>Additional material examined. Bolivia, La Paz. 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.28" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.25/lat -15.28)">Mapiri Arroyo Tuhiri</a>, 15.28°S 68.25°W, 10.iv.2001, B. Brown, G. Kung (LACM). Peru, Cusco. 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ *, 13 ♀♀, Pilocapata, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.4/lat -12.883333)">Villa Carmen</a>, 12°53ʹS 71°24ʹW, v.2014, multilure, 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW450), M. Choque (FSCA); 2 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW449 – TLW451), Villa Carmen Biol. Sta., 12°54ʹ08ʺS 71°24ʺ38ʺW, i–iii.2013, E. Rodriguez (FSCA); 2 ♂♂*, 3 ♂♂♦ (TLW316 – TLW318), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ *, 2 ♀♀ ♦ (TLW319 – TLW320), 2 ♀♀, Estación Biológica, Villa Carmen 12°54ʹ08ʺS 71°24ʺ38ʺW, 718 m, 16–26.xi.2012, J.K. Alvarez (USNM); 2 ♂♂, same data except Trail 8, 700 m (FSCA); 1 ♂, same data except Trail 8 mark 8-1654, 12°54ʹ09ʺS 71°24ʹ321ʺW, 707 m, 27.xi.2012 – 20.i.2013, VC-ML-14, A.L. Norrbom, E. Rodriguez, G.J. Steck, B.D. Sutton (FSCA); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same data except 721 m, 20–26.i.2013, A.L. Norrbom, E. Rodriguez, G.J. Steck, B.D. Sutton (USNM). Huanuco. 1 ♂*, Monson River [over the river], 860 m, 19.vi.1964, J. Schuke (NHMUK); 1 ♀, vic. Tingo Maria, 1–6.vi.1999, W. Hanson, S. Keller (LACM). Junin. 2 ♂♂*, 4 ♀♀, 16 km W San Ramón, 1433 m, 21.vi.1980, M. Szyska (BG). San Martin. 1 ♀, Moyabamba, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.96875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.0755553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.96875/lat -6.0755553)">Vic. Ecológico</a> “Rumipataʺ, 06°04ʹ32.0ʺS 76°58ʹ07.5ʺW, 970 m, 13–18.x.2012, UV light, J.E. Eger (FSCA); 1 ♀, 1–13 km from Tarapoto Urimaguas Rd., 650–800 m, 10.xii.1991, R. MacDonald (MEM).</p> <p>Distribution. Bolivia, Peru. Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Brazil and Colombia.</p> <p>Remarks. Eight specimens were barcoded and one external sequence from Colombia was included in the analysis. Two independent clusters were recovered. The first one includes five specimens (TLW 316–320) of the typical M. townsendi from Peru and the Colombian sequence (KR820723). The second cluster includes the other three specimens (TLW 449–451), from a group of eight females also from Peru (Fig. 488). These females keyed to M. townsendi but showed some variation, including a consistently smaller size and the lack of tomentum on T4–5, whereas the specimens in the first cluster all had streaky tomentum on T4–5. The genetic distance between the two clusters is 5%, which suggests they may belong to different species. A female from the second group was dissected and the terminalia and sternites were very similar to those of confirmed M. townsendi specimens. If males matching these females are found, they should be studied in detail to confirm whether they belong to a separate species; however, for now we consider them as M. townsendi.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FBCFF52FF19BABE36C0FDA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FBDFF5DFF19B84A35FFFC78.text	03DA87E60FBDFF5DFF19B84A35FFFC78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella umbrosa Aldrich. 1922	<div><p>Mesembrinella umbrosa Aldrich, 1922</p> <p>(Figs 95–96, 185–186, 235, 278, 322, 366, 407, 451, 484, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella umbrosa Aldrich, 1922: 12. Holotype male (USNM), examined photographically. Type locality: Tucurrique, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Mesembrinella umbrosa: Peris &amp; Mariluis (1984: 259); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff 2013: 121; Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 870); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 109): Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A large fly averaging 14.2 mm (13–15/5) in length. Thorax reddish with bright bluish-purple abdomen; wing yellowish, anterior margin from costa to vein R 2+3 darker yellow; section IV of wing 0.69 of section III; scutellum without discal setae; subcostal sclerite setose. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 95–96. Female terminalia as in Fig. 322.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.025 (0.02–0.03/5) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital and parafacial yellow with whitish tomentum; frontal setae ascending about 60% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta dark red, obliterated midway; gena dark orange with pale tomentum and a horizontal row of stout, black setae on ventral margin, otherwise with scattered tan setae; postgena orange with silvery tomentum and fine golden setae; occiput with dark cuticle covered with heavy silvery tomentum and fine golden setae, tomentum absent along upper margin and midway; median occipital sclerite shiny dark orange; antenna orange, first flagellomere with heavy pale tomentum; palpus typical; eye with median facets 4x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle medium-sized, anterior ocellus 2x size of posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae short, brown, forming a dense patch ascending 1/4 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum orange with streaky stripes of irregular, whitish tomentum; pleura orange with pale tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac 2:2 or 2:3, dc 2:3, ia 1, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meron with very fine setae in an inverted L, 1 slightly convergent ap, sa and lat absent, 1 stout bas, 1 pb, 0 disc; subscutellum prominently developed; spiracles large, orange; legs entirely orange. Wing entirely yellow, anterior edge from costa to R 2+3 darker, middle of cell r 4+5 hyaline; subcostal sclerite setose; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.69 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters reddish; rim of upper calypter dark with short reddish setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long reddish setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 yellowish with whitish tomentum, T3–5 more or less metallic, gleaming blue; T4 with row of marginal setae, T5 with row of short marginal setae; disc of T5 with dense, short, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus curved backward, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 95); in posterior view, cerci broad basally and gradually narrowing to tips (Fig. 96); phallus in lateral view as in Fig. 185; in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes rectangular with moderate serrations (Fig. 186); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 235; ST1–5 broad, as in Fig. 278.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.263 (0.24–0.28) of head width at narrowest. T6 of WV shape; T7 continuous, thin, narrowed midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 322); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 366; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 407); ST1–5 as in Fig. 451.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ (Costa Rica, Cartago; USNM; examined photographically: Fig. 484), labeled: Tucurrique / Costa Rica; CollSchild / &amp; Burgdorf; Mesembrinella / umbrosa / Ald.; Type No. / 25246 / U.S. N.M. [orange label]; USNMENT / 01295435.</p> <p>Additional material examined. Costa Rica, Alajuela. 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀, San Ramón, Villa Blauca, 1115 m, 18.xi.2008, Tp. Frutas, L _N_242482 483371 #95287, R. Rojas Vasquez (INBIO). Cartago. 1 ♂, Grano de Oro, 1120 m, Chir- ripo, Turrialba, xi.1992, L_N_ 200250 595900, P. Campos (INBIO); 1 ♂, La Suiza de Turrialba, 9.x.1921, P. Schild (USNM); 1 ♀, P.N. Tapanti, 1150 m, vii.1993, L_N_194000 559800 #2801, G. Mora (INBIO); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW338), P.N. Barbilla, Turrialba, Tayutic, Campamento 2, 1200 m, 6–9.v.2005, Libre, L_N_213371 600782 #80273, J.D. Gutierrez (INBIO). Guanacaste. 1 ♂, Macizo Miravalles, Estación Cabro Muco., 1100 m, 27.vi–2.vii.2003, L_N_ 299769 411243 #74526, Tp de Luz, B. Hernández (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except 24.ix–5.x.2003, Libre, #75498 (INBIO). Puntarenas. 2 ♂♂*, 2 ♂♂, Monteverde, 25–30.viii.1991, 1500 m, D.M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♂, same data ex- cept 18–24.viii.1987 (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except San Luis, 1040 m, 24.viii–15.ix.1992, L_N_ 250850 449250, F.A. Quesada (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except 14–20.v.1990, D.M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW370), same data except 20–22.viii.1993 (INBIO); 1 ♂*, Est. Pittier, PILA-ACLA, 1670 m, 5–18.1995, L_N_330900 577400 #4437, R. Vil- lalobos (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except 4–22.i.1996, L_S_ 220900 577400 #6813, E. Navarro (INBIO); 1 ♂, Send. a Cerro Pittier, 600 m, NO. de la Estación, 1750 m, 18–24.xii.1995, L_S_331250 577150 #7401, on excrement, M. Moraga (INBIO); 1 ♂, Estación Agujas. Rio Agujas. Send. Zamia., 300 m, 14–24.viii.1996, L_S_276750 526550 #8477, A. Azofeifa (INBIO); 1 ♀, Est. La Casona, Res. Biológica, Monteverde, 1520 m, x.1990, L_N_253250 449250, N. Obando (INBIO). San José. 1 ♀ *, Zurquí de Moravia, 1600 m, 21.x.2012, #105240, Bait trap with hu- man dung, ZADBI (LACM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW342), same data except 24.ix.2012, #105110 (LACM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW341), same data except 6–12.ix.2012, #105003, Malaise trap #1 (LACM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW340), same data except 22.x– 1.xi.2012, #105314, Malaise trap #1 pan (LACM); 1 ♀, 5400 ft., HWY 2, N of San Isidro, 6.vi.1988, [no collector] (LACM). Ecuador, Pastaza. 1 ♀, Napa Sarayacu, 29.x.2015, 1312 m, M. Domínguez (FSCA).</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador. Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Colombia and Panama.</p> <p>Remarks. Five specimens (TLW 338, TLW 340–342 and TLW 370) were barcoded, and grouped together close to M. apollinaris (Fig. 488).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FBDFF5DFF19B84A35FFFC78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FB2FF5CFF19BE3A3003FC88.text	03DA87E60FB2FF5CFF19BE3A3003FC88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella velasquezae Whitworth & Yusseff-Vanegas 2019	<div><p>Mesembrinella velasquezae Whitworth, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 97–98, 187–188, 236, 279, 323, 367, 408, 452, 485)</p> <p>Diagnosis. A large fly averaging 15.2 mm (14–16/5) in length. Stem vein bare; distal 2/3 of wing infuscated from costa to vein R 4+5 and also around vein M; dorsum of abdomen without pale tomentose pits; section IV of wing 0.63 of section III; supravibrissal setae bright orange and in a broad cluster ascending about 40% of distance to antennal base; all legs reddish; subcostal sclerite with long, pale setae. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli as in Figs 97–98. Female terminalia as in Fig. 323.</p> <p>Description. Male. Head. Frons narrow, 0.018 (0.015 –0.020 /5) of head width at narrowest. Frons, parafacial, pedicel, first flagellomere and gena orange with pale whitish tomentum; frontal setae ascending about 40% of distance to vertex; frontal vitta obliterated at about 40% of distance to vertex; gena orange with pale tomentum and horizontal row of stout, dark setae at ventral edge, otherwise with few weak, reddish setae; postgena orange with fine golden setae; occiput with dense yellowish tomentum and pale setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark orange; antenna entirely orange; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus about 2x size of posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae bright orange, forming broad cluster over about 1/2 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum dark orange with four irregular pale tomentose stripes; pleura orange; chaetotaxy: ac 2:1, dc 2:3, ia 0 in most specimens, sometimes a small seta present, ph 1, ppn 3x 3, kat 2:1, meron with long, slender orange setae in form of an inverted L, 1 pair converging ap, sa and lat absent, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles large, pale yellow; legs entirely orange. Wing with dark infuscation from costa to vein R 4+5 and around vein M; subcostal sclerite setose; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.63 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters faintly orange; rim of upper calypter dark with short pale orange setae, rim of lower calypter pale with long pale orange setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 and anterior 2/3 of T3 yellow-orange with whitish tomentum, rear margin of T3 blue-black, dorsum of T4 blue-black, T4yellow orange laterally; T5 entirely blue-black; rear of T4 with row of stout marginal setae, posterior margin of T5 with row of short, fine setae; disc of T5 with dense, medium-long, fine setae only. Terminalia. Surstylus in lateral view with slight backward curve, cercus with apical hook (Fig. 97); in posterior view, bases of cerci broad, then gradually narrowing to tip (Fig. 98); phallus in lateral view as in Fig. 187; in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow (Fig. 188); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite and ST6 as in Fig. 236; ST2–5 broad, as in Fig. 279.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.25 (0.24–0.26/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of OV shape, posterior edge with an inverted V incision midway; T7 narrowed midway with suture; T8 as separate sclerites; epiproct divided (Fig. 323); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 367; spermathecae filiform (Fig. 408); ST1–5 as in Fig. 452.</p> <p>Type material. Venezuela, Lara. HOLOTYPE ♂* (MJMO; Fig. 485), labeled: VENEZUELA, Edo. Lara / PN Yacambú-El blanquito / 11-16/03/02 / Leg: -; HOLOTYPE / Mesembrinella / velasquezae / T.L. Whitworth.</p> <p>ALLOTYPE ♀: Venezuela, Trujillo. P.N. Guaramacal, 09°19ʹ02ʺN 70°15ʹ48ʺW, 1480 m, 14–20.ii.2002, R. Briceñò, A. Chacán, J. Clavijo, F. Díaz, R. Paz., E. Arcaya, L. Joly, Proyecto S 1–2000000479 (INBIO).</p> <p>PARATYPES: Venezuela, Lara. 1 ♂, PN Yacambu, El Blanquito, 11–16.iii.2002, R. Briceño, A. Chacón, J. Clavijo, F. Díaz, R. Paz., E. Arcaya, L. Joly, Proyecto S1–2000000479 (MJMO). Trujillo. 1 ♂*, 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀, P.N. Guaramacal, 09°19ʹ02ʺN 70°15ʹ48ʺW, 1480 m, 14–20.ii.2002, R. Briceño, A. Chacán, J. Clavijo, F. Díaz, R. Paz., E. Arcaya, L. Joly (MJMO); 1 ♀ *, 1 ♀, P.N. Guaramacal, 15–20.x.2001, [no collector] (MJMO); 2 ♂♂, Barinis, San Isidro, 14 km Sur La Soledad, 1500 m, 30–31.v.1975, R.E. Dietz (MIZA).</p> <p>Distribution. Venezuela.</p> <p>Remarks. Amplification of barcodes was attempted for six specimens, but failed for all.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name velasquezae was chosen in honor of Yelitza Velásquez, a Venezuelan entomologist who provided much of the material from Venezuela examined for this project.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FB2FF5CFF19BE3A3003FC88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FB3FF5CFF19B9AA371FFBCC.text	03DA87E60FB3FF5CFF19B9AA371FFBCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella anomala Guimar	<div><p>Mesembrinella anomala species-group</p> <p>Recognition. The M. anomala group includes two species, M. andina and M. anomala. Both are medium-sized, blue-black flies (9–11 mm in length), with row of postocular setae not reaching gena, discal scutellar setae absent and T5 elongate, 1.5–2 times length of T 4 in male. Male with surstylus broad and cercus sinuous (Figs 99–100) (see Wolff et al. 2014: figs 22–23); phallus distinctive; epiphallus long and slender (M. anomala, Figs 189–190) or short and slender (M. andina) (see Wolff et al. 2014: figs 20–21).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FB3FF5CFF19B9AA371FFBCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FB3FF5CFF19BEF631B0FA51.text	03DA87E60FB3FF5CFF19BEF631B0FA51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella anomala Guimar	<div><p>Key to species of the M. anomala species-group</p> <p>[Males only, adapted from Wolff et al. (2014).]</p> <p>1 T5 about twice as long as T4 (Fig. 496); fore femur brown; ac usually 0:1, rarely 0:0; epandrium with an anteroventral extension (Fig. 99); epiphallus long, slender and sharply curved backward (Fig. 189); [known from Venezuela; Bonatto (2001) also listed it from Ecuador; Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Bolivia]...................................... M. anomala</p> <p>- T5 about 1.5x as long T4; fore femur orange with dark apices dorsally; ac 0:0; epandrium without an anteroventral extension (Wolff et al. 2014: fig. 22); epiphallus short, with only a slight curve (Wolff et al. 2014: fig. 20); [known only from Colombia]......................................................................................... M. andina</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FB3FF5CFF19BEF631B0FA51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FB3FF5EFF19BC1236BFFD34.text	03DA87E60FB3FF5EFF19BC1236BFFD34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella andina (Wolff, Bonatto & Carvalho 2014)	<div><p>Mesembrinella andina (Wolff, Bonatto &amp; Carvalho, 2014)</p> <p>(Figs 498–505)</p> <p>Thompsoniella andina Wolff et al., 2014: 323. Holotype male (CEUA), not examined. Type locality: Andes, Antioquia, Colombia.</p> <p>Thompsoniella andina: Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 870); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1).</p> <p>Mesembrinella andina: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A small fly, the lone male specimen examined is 10 mm long. Similar to M. anomala except male with T5 about 1.5x as long as T4; coxae, trochanters and femora orange with dark apices dorsally; ac 0:0. Terminalia with epandrium lacking an anteroventral extension, unique shape easily separated from M. anomala (Fig. 498–499); epiphallus short, with only a slight curve in lateral view (Fig. 500).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Frons broad, 0.14 of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital broad below, narrowing above, black with silvery tomentum; stout black frontal setae ascending about 1/3 of distance to vertex; frontal vitta broad and black with silvery tomentum extending to base of ocellar triangle; parafacial with lower half yellow-orange and upper half gray; gena orange with a short vertical row of stout black setae and scattered short brown setae; postgena orange to gray with long, silky yellow setae; occiput with short row of black postoccipital setae ending 1/3 of way from outer margin of eye; occiput black with silvery tomentum, lower 2/3 with silky, yellow setae; median occipital sclerite subshining black; antenna: pedicel brown, first flagellomere grey arista with short fine setae; palpus typical; eye with median facets about 2x size of lateral facets; median ocellus 2x size of posterior ocelli; facial ridge with short black supravibrissal setae over about 1/10 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum black with blue-gray tomentum; pleura blue-gray except orange around anterior spiracle; chaetotaxy: ac 0:0, dc 2:2, ia 0:2, ph 0, ppn 2x 2, kat 1:1; meral setae fine, in a short vertical row with a couple of short horizontally-arranged setae, 1 pair crossing ap, 1 stout bas, 0 disc, 0 pb; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles orange and medium-sized; legs: femora orange except apices brown dorsally, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing hyaline, faintly darkened along costa, subcostal sclerite with heavy pubescence, basicosta and tegula brown, section IV 0.16 of section III; upper calypter with tan disc and black rim with reddish-brown setae, lower calypter with reddish-brown disc, rim and setal fringe.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 with anterior 2/3 orange, posterior 1/3, T3–5 shining blue with pale tomentum, T5 1.5x as long as T4. Terminalia in lateral view with short surstylus, broad at base and narrowed distally, curving forward, cercus large, curved forward (Fig. 498); in posterior view as in Fig. 499; knob-like bases of surstyli exposed at tip of abdomen, similar to M. anomala (see Fig. 497); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus short and sinuous (Fig. 500); in dorsal view broad, hypophallic lobes with fine serrations (Fig. 501); T6, STS7+8 as in Fig. 502; pre- and postgonites as in Fig. 503; hypandrium as in Fig. 504; sternites short and broad, as in Fig. 505.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. Ecuador, Pichincha. 1 ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.68222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.68222/lat -0.015)">Bellavista Reserve</a>, 0°0ʹ54ʺS 78°40ʹ56ʺW, 2200 m, v.2011, A.D. Young, debu 00339815 (UGG).</p> <p>Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador.</p> <p>Remarks. No specimens were barcoded.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FB3FF5EFF19BC1236BFFD34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FB1FF59FF19B8E93523FE44.text	03DA87E60FB1FF59FF19B8E93523FE44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesembrinella anomala (Guimaraes 1977)	<div><p>Mesembrinella anomala (Guimarães, 1977)</p> <p>(Figs 99–100, 189–190, 237, 280, 324, 368, 409, 453, 488, 496–497)</p> <p>Thompsoniella anomala Guimar „es, 1977: 54. Holotype male (MZSP), not examined. Type locality: San Diego, Venezuela.</p> <p>Thompsoniella anomala: Toma &amp; Carvalho (1995: 139); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff et al. (2014: 321); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 109).</p> <p>Mesembrinella anomala: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized fly with subshining blue thorax and abdomen, averaging 10.8 mm (10–12/5) in length. Anterior thoracic spiracle with broad oval opening above (see Fig. 5). Postpronotal setae 2x 2; wing with faint yellowish infuscation on distal 2/3 along costa; scutellum without discal setae; gena with some pale orange setae; fore femur brown; ac usually 0:1, rarely 0:0; male with T5 about 2x as long as T4 (Fig. 496); epandrium with a pair of knob-like anteroventral projections (Fig. 99, 497); epiphallus long, slender and sharply curved backward (Fig. 189).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Frons broad, 0.096 (0.09–0.10/5) of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital and parafacial silvery when viewed from above and orange when viewed from below; frontal setae ascending halfway to vertex; frontal vitta broad, extending to ocellar triangle, orange below and black above; gena pale orange with whitish tomentum a short horizontal row of 2–3 stout setae, and pale orange setae; postgena and occiput with silvery tomentum and long pale setae; median occipital sclerite shiny black with faint whitish tomentum; antenna: pedicel orange: base of first flagellomere orange, tip with tan tomentum; base of arista dark orange, tip black; palpus typical; eye with median facets 3x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus 2x size of posterior ocelli; facial ridge with short black supravibrissal setae ascending about 1/10 of distance to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsum subshining blue with pale tomentum; pleura silvery-orange; chaetotaxy: ac 0:1, rarely 0:0, dc 2:2, ia 0, ph 0, kat 1:1, ppn 2x 2, meral setae typical, with short horizontal section, 1 pair crossed ap, 1 stout bas, 1 sa, 1 lat, 1 pb, 0 disc; subscutellum moderately developed; spiracles orange and medium-sized; legs: fore femur brown, mid femur brown to orange, hind femur orange, tibiae and tarsi brown. Wing: distal 2/3 along costa with faint yellowish infuscation; subcostal sclerite pubescent; basicosta and tegula brown; section IV 0.19 of section III; discs of both calypters pale; rims tan with tan setae.</p> <p>Abdomen entirely blue with whitish tomentum; T5 2x as long as T4 (Fig. 496); T4 with row of marginal setae; pairs of lateral marginal setae on T4 and T5; disc of T5 with dense, medium-long, fine setae only. Terminalia in lateral view with exceptionally broad surstylus and tiny cercus (Fig. 99); in posterior view as in Fig. 100; T 6, STS7+8 and epandrium fused into broad plate at tip of abdomen (Fig. 497); knob-like bases of surstylus also visible at tip of abdomen (Fig. 497); phallus in lateral view with epiphallus exceptionally long and curving at 90° angle, directed backward (Fig. 189); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes extremely narrow with coarse serrations (Fig. 190); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite and ejaculatory sclerite as in Fig. 237; sternites of very unusual shape (Fig. 280).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.187 (0.18–0.19/3) of head width at narrowest. T6 of FU shape, divided midway; condition of T7 unclear, possibly fused with T6; ST8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 324); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 368, ST8 with pair of stout setal clusters; spermathecae as in Fig. 409; ST1–5 as in Fig. 453.</p> <p>Material examined. Venezuela, Aragua. 1 ♂*, 1 ♀, Marcai, Choroni Pass, 1100 m, 26.ii.1971, G. &amp; M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 11 km N Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 25.ii.1971, G. &amp; M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♂, Parque Nac., Avila, 28.ii.1971, G. &amp; M. Wood (CNC); 1 ♂, Rancho Grande, 6–7.xii.1976, J. Robertson (LACM); 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW458), Co- corote, Sector Candelo, 10°36ʹ89ʺN 66°82ʹ63ʺW, 1600 m, 15–21.x.2001, R. Briceño, A. Chacán, J. Clavijo, F. Díaz, R. Paz, E. Arcaya L. Joly (MJMO). Miranda. 1 ♂♦ (TLW198), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.96667/lat 10.4)">San Antonio</a> de los Altos, IV, IC, 10°24ʹN 66°58ʹW, 1680 m, iv. 2003, Y. Velásquez (MIZA).</p> <p>Distribution. Venezuela. Bonatto (2001) also listed it from Ecuador. Marinho et al. (2017) also listed it from Bolivia.</p> <p>Remarks. Two specimens (TLW 198 and TLW 458) were barcoded and grouped together near M. semihyalina (Fig. 488).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FB1FF59FF19B8E93523FE44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FB6FF59FF19B8B63160FD5E.text	03DA87E60FB6FF59FF19B8B63160FD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Souzalopesiella Guimaraes 1977	<div><p>Genus Souzalopesiella Guimarães, 1977</p> <p>Souzalopesiella Guimar „es, 1977: 55. Type species: Mesembrinella facialis Aldrich, 1922: 17, by original designation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FB6FF59FF19B8B63160FD5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
03DA87E60FB6FF58FF19B91830E3F9E0.text	03DA87E60FB6FF58FF19B91830E3F9E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Souzalopesiella facialis (Aldrich 1922)	<div><p>Souzalopesiella facialis (Aldrich, 1922)</p> <p>(Figs 101–102, 191–192, 238, 281, 325, 369, 410, 454, 486, 488)</p> <p>Mesembrinella facialis Aldrich, 1922: 17. Holotype female (USNM), examined photographically. Type locality: Higuito, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Souzalopesiella facialis: Vargas &amp; Wood (2009: 1301); Kosmann et al. (2013: 78); Wolff &amp; Kosmann (2016: 870); Marinho et al. (2017: tab. 1); Velásquez et al. (2017: 109).</p> <p>Mesembrinella facialis: Cerretti et al. (2017: tab. 2).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A large fly with a robust shiny dark brown abdomen, averaging 14 mm (13–15/5) in length. ST2–4 wider than long with two rows of stout dark setae (Fig. 281). Wing entirely faint yellowish with darker yellow infuscation along anterior margin of wing from costa to vein R 2+3.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Head. Frons 0.02/5 of head width at narrowest. Fronto-orbital and parafacial pale yellow with silvery tomentum, frontal setae ascending about halfway to vertex; frontal vitta dark orange, obliterated about midway; gena with very short horizontal row of stout setae beginning in anterior 1/5 and extending across lower parafacial to vibrissa, otherwise with fine dark setae; postgena, like gena, with dark setae on anterior half and orange setae on posterior half; occiput with silvery tomentum and golden setae; median occipital sclerite shiny dark orange; antenna dark orange, arista brown; palpus typical; eye with median facets 2x size of lateral facets; ocellar triangle small, anterior ocellus 2x size of posterior ocelli; supravibrissal setae dark brown in dense, broad row ascending about halfway to antennal base.</p> <p>Thorax. Presutural area of dorsum with four stripes of yellowish tomentum and a pair of irregular stripes laterally; postsutural area with two irregular rows of faint stripes; pleura orange with pale tomentum; chaetotaxy: ac variable, 2:1 or 2:2, dc 2:3, ia 0, ph 1, ppn, 3x 3, kat 2:1, meral setae fine, brown, in a row, 1 parallel ap, 1 sa, 1 lat, 1 stout bas, 1 weak pb, 1 disc; subscutellum prominently developed; spiracles orange, medium-sized; legs entirely orange except last tarsomeres brown. Wing faintly yellowish with anterior edge darker from costa to vein R 2+3; subcostal sclerite bare with yellow pubescence; basicosta and tegula orange; section IV 0.51 of section III; discs of upper and lower calypters orange; rim of upper calypter dark with short orange setae, rim of lower calypter pale orange with long orange setae.</p> <p>Abdomen. T1+2 dark orange with pale tomentum, T3 dark orange laterally, brown dorsally, T4–5 dark brown; T3 with cluster of lateral marginal setae, T4–5 with posterior rows of stout dark marginal setae; disc of T5 with dense, medium-long, fine setae only. ST2–4 wider than long with two rows of stout dark setae (Fig. 281). Terminalia in lateral view with surstylus short and slender, parallel-sided, cercus with long, sweeping forward curve (Fig. 101); in posterior view, surstylus and cercus slender (Fig. 102); phallus in lateral view with short stout epiphallus directed forward (Fig. 191); in dorsal view, hypophallic lobes narrow with an unusual pair of lateral processes (Fig. 192); T6, STS7+8, pre- and postgonite, ejaculatory sclerite, ST6 and hypandrium as in Fig. 238; ST1–5 as in Fig. 281.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male except frons 0.236 (0.22–0.24/5) of head width at narrowest. T6 of FU shape, T7 wide with deep anterior incision midway; T8 as separate sclerites (Fig. 325); ST6–8 and hypoproct as in Fig. 369; spermathecae bulbous (Fig. 410); ST1–5 as in Fig. 454.</p> <p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀ (Costa Rica, Alajuela; USNM; examined photographically: Fig. 486), labeled: Higuito / San Mateo CR [= Costa Rica]; Pablo Schild / Coll; Mesembrin- / ella facialis / Ald.; Type No. / 25248 / U.S. N.M. [orange label]; USNMENT / 01295431.</p> <p>Additional material examined. Costa Rica, Alajuela. 1 ♂♦ (TLW262), 1 ♂, P.N. Volcan Tenorio, Estación Pilón, La Catarata, 700 m, 26.vi–15.vii.2004, Tp. Frutas dosel, L_N_297975 428089 #77653 (INBIO); 1 ♀ *, 2 km S Pital, 5–28.ix.1988, F.D. Parker (LACM). Cartago. 1 ♂, Grano de Oro, 1120 m, Chirripo, Turrialba, ix.1992, L_N_ 200250 595900, P. Campos (INBIO). Guanacaste. 1 ♂, Canas, P.N. Volcan Tenorio, Sector Montezuma, 1300 m, 22.vii.2002, Libre, L_N_295100 423650 #70555, J.D. Gutierrez (INBIO). Limón. 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, R.B. Hi- toy Cerere Send. Espavel, 560 m, 16.iii.2003, Red de Golpe, L_S_401200 569800 #73456, W. Arana, F. Rojas, B. Gamboa (INBIO); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, 7–19.viii.1992, L_S_398100 610600, K. Taylor (INBIO); 1 ♂, same data except 0–100 m, 4.viii–12.xii.1992, L_S_398100 610600, F. Quesada (INBIO); 1 ♀, same data except 0–100 m, 24.ix–13.x.1992, L_S_398100 610600, F.A. Quesada (INBIO). Puntarenas. 1 ♂, P.N. Corcovado, Estación La Leona, 0–5 m, 23.vi.2002, Libre, L _S_267250 519575 #70150, K. Caballero (IN- BIO); 1 ♂ ♦ (TLW260), Golfito, Jimenéz, PN Carcavado, Estación Los Patos, Send. Mirador, 75 m, 14.ii.2002, K. Cabellero (INBIO); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.48333/lat 8.7)">Osa Península</a> 2.5 mi. SW Rincón 08°42ʹN 83°29ʹW, 8–12.iii.1967, OTS Adv. Zoo Course, [no collector] (LACM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Monteverde, 1500 m, 20–25.viii.1991, D.M. Wood (CNC); 2 ♂♂*, same data except 25–30.viii.1991 (CNC); 1 ♀ *, Golfito, Jimenéz, PN Corcovado, Estación Los Paltos, Send Guaymi, 29.i.2002, K. Caballero (INBIO); 1 ♂, Golfito, 10–11.iv.1991, Parker &amp; Welch (LACM). San José. 1 ♂, Zurquí de Moravia, Creek 2 North, 19–26.vii.2013, Malaise trap #2, Zadbi (LACM); 1 ♂*, same data except 21.x.2012 (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except Tower path, 50 m, 1–7.vi.2013, emergence trap over vegetation (LACM); 1 ♀, same data except <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.02&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.02/lat 10.5)">Tower</a> path, 10.5°N 84.02°W, 1600 m, 2–9.viii.2013, fish bait trap (LACM); 1 ♀, Puriscal, P.N. La Cangreja, Send. Ecotropica, 300–400 m, 15.vii.2004, Libre, L _N_185736 496067 #77761, J. Mata (INBIO). Honduras. 1 ♂, Middlesex, 125 m, 24.iv.1965, E.C. Welling (CNC). Panama, Colon. 1 ♀, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 6.vi.1956, W. Carl, M.E. Rettenmeyer (LACM). Darien. 1 ♀, Santa Fe, 7.ii.1967, [no collector] (FSCA). Ecuador, Napo. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW261), Misahualli, 6–19.x.2001, C. Brammer (LACM). Venezuela, Distrito Federal. 1 ♂, Caracas, 1938, Br. Arcthonius (USNM). Trujillo. 1 ♂♦ (TLW263), P.N. Guaramacal 1480 m 11–16.ii 2002, 09°19ʹ02ʺN 70°15ʹ480ʺW, 14–20.ii.2002. T. Amarilla, R. Briceño, J. Clavijo, F. Díaz, R. Paz, L. Joly, A. Chacán, Proyecto S1–2000000479 (MJMO). Aragua. 1 ♀ ♦ (TLW264), PN <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.683334/lat 10.35)">Henn Pittier-Rancho Grande</a>, 10°21ʹN 67°41ʹW, 25.i.2007, A. Marinez (MJMO).</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela. Bonatto (2001) listed Central America (except Mexico) and Trinidad. A single female specimen, labeled “ Brazil ”, Santa Catarina 1 ♀, Nova Teutonia, 27°11ʹS 52°23ʹW, 300–500 m, 19.iv.1965, F. Plaumann (CNC) was examined, which clearly belongs to S. facialis. This is far from the known range this species and may be an example of mislabeling.</p> <p>Remarks. Three specimens were successfully barcoded, from Costa Rica (TLW 260, TLW 262) and Venezuela (TLW 264). All sequences clustered together (Fig. 488). They formed a distinct group with some genetic variation between sequences. The genetic distance between sequences from Costa Rica and Venezuela was more than 3%, whereas between the two sequences from Costa Rica it was more than 5% (Fig. 488). This species is very distinctive and no significant morphological differences were seen between specimens from different areas.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E60FB6FF58FF19B91830E3F9E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Whitworth, Terry L.;Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath	Whitworth, Terry L., Yusseff-Vanegas, Sohath (2019): A revision of the genera and species of the Neotropical family Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea). Zootaxa 4659 (1): 1-146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4659.1.1
