identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039187B7D2693B4DFF35FD256339FF52.text	039187B7D2693B4DFF35FD256339FF52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloporus variegatus Kato 1934	<div><p>Cycloporus variegatus Kato 1934</p> <p>(Figure 2, 3)</p> <p>Material examined: One specimen (BNHS-Pclad 118, 6.51 x 5.45 mm) dissected for sagittal sections of reproductive structure (26 slides), collected on 20-10-2013 at Alawa in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra. One specimen (BNHS-Pclad 166, 6.48 x 4.16 mm) intact, collected 17-05-2014 at Undi in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra.</p> <p>Distribution: Originally described from Japan (Kato 1934), re-described from West Australia, North Great Barrier Reef, Lizard Island and Vietnam (Newman and Canon 2002, 2003), Colombia from Caribbean (Quiroga et al. 2004) and Cabo Frio, Brazil (Bahia et al. 2014).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Translucent body with intermittently arranged prominent yellowish spots. Thick grouping of these spots observed on the dorsal median line. Margin clear with yellow dash-like markings or spots. Pseudotentacles yellow.</p> <p>Description: Colour: The colouration observed within intestinal branches across the dorsal surface appears brown to dark reddish (Fig. 2A, B). Fine yellow spots are found throughout the surface which even clump together and become more prominent. Median line is slightly raised, commences at the base of the translucent cerebral area and ends prior to posterior margin. This raised portion shows brownish-red and yellow patches across its length. Main branch of the intestine with accumulated brownish-black food material visible as darker median colouration. Translucent margin possesses yellow stripes or spots of peripheral glands. Widely spaced pseudotentacles show prominent yellow pigmentation (Fig. 2B).</p> <p>Form: Slightly rounded or oval</p> <p>Pseudotentacles: Small bumps, sometimes raised and pointed (Fig. 2B, D), measuring 0.35 mm.</p> <p>Eyespots: Cerebral eyespots arranged in two elongated clusters 50–55 in each and 0.8 mm away from anterior margin. Tentacular eyespots arranged dorsally and ventrally, ranging between 25–40 (Fig. 2D and 3D).</p> <p>Digestive system: Pharynx tubular 0.72 mm long and mouth situated about 1.32 mm from the anterior margin. Main branch of the intestine 3.07 mm long with eight lateral branches (Fig. 2C, D).</p> <p>Gonopores: Male gonopore present immediately behind the pharynx and 1.46 mm distant from anterior margin, measuring 0.064 mm. Female gonopore 0.46 mm behind the male gonopore and 1.86 mm distant from anterior margin, measuring 0.088 mm (Fig. 2E, F).</p> <p>Male reproductive system: elongated-oval seminal vesicle (0.214 mm x 0.045 mm) is present diagonal to the ventral body wall (Fig. 3B, C). Prostatic vesicle (0.076 mm x 0.101mm) ventrally placed enters penis via prostatic duct (Fig. 3A, C). Stylet 0.0320 mm enters short male atrium measuring 0.0493 mm.</p> <p>Female reproductive system: slender female atrium measures 0.045 mm. Cement pouch with lateral invagination (0.022 mm), densely disposed cement glands. Vagina 0.064 mm (Fig. 3B, C). Uteri visible through dorsal surface (Fig. 3C, F).</p> <p>Taxonomic Remarks: round/oval body, tubular pharynx, small bumps of tentacles, prominent peripheral vesicles of intestinal branches, lateral branches of intestine range within 4-10 and multiple uterine vesicles place these specimens into the genus Cycloporus as defined in Newman and Canon (2002).</p> <p>The present specimens exactly match with the description provided by Newman and Canon (2002; 2003) except for the white spot posterior to the cerebral eyespots mentioned by them. In fact, this region shows more prominent yellow patches in both the specimens studied.</p> <p>Both the specimens collected were found on the unidentified compound ascidian and nearly of similar colouration (Fig. 3E, F, G).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187B7D2693B4DFF35FD256339FF52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pitale, Reshma;Apte, Deepak	Pitale, Reshma, Apte, Deepak (2019): Intertidal Euryleptid polyclads and description of a new Stylostomum Lang, 1884 from Maharashtra, India. Zootaxa 4652 (2): 317-339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.5
039187B7D26D3B4EFF35FEC26664FF7E.text	039187B7D26D3B4EFF35FEC26664FF7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloporus australis Prudhoe 1982	<div><p>Cycloporus australis Prudhoe 1982</p> <p>(Figure 4, 5)</p> <p>Material examined: One specimen (BNHS-Pclad 141, 5.75 x 4.10 mm) dissected as sagittal sections for reproductive structure (25 slides), collected on 03-12-2013 at Mandvi in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra. One specimen (BNHS-Pclad 176, 5.95 x 3.37 mm) dissected as sagittal sections for reproductive structure (18 slides), collected 21-11-2014 at Alawa in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra.</p> <p>Distribution: South Australia (Prudhoe 1982)</p> <p>Diagnosis: Translucent body sometime appears buff brownish, median intestinal branch is prominent red and trifurcates at the pharyngeal region, one branch passes over the pharynx and cerebral region and two lateral branches pass sideways to these organs. About 8–9 intestinal branches.</p> <p>Description: Colour: Translucent body appears buff brownish, or tinge of brown in some specimens (Fig. 4A, G, H). White spots are prominent and seen over the dorsal surface which perhaps represent scattered, dorsally arranged ovaries. Margin is clear with yellow lateral stripes or dots representing peripheral glands. Median main intestinal branch is prominently red. This branch trifurcates at the rear end of the tubular pharynx, forming dark red spot and runs anteriorly with median branch exactly over the pharynx and cerebral region; two lateral branches pass sideways to these organs; posteriorly it ends prior to the margin (Fig. 4A, D, G, and H). Ventrally translucent to slightly creamish.</p> <p>Form: Oval-elongated.</p> <p>Pseudotentacles: Small bumps, sometimes slightly raised (Fig. 4A), measuring 0.19–0.30 mm.</p> <p>Eyespots: Cerebral eyespot (53–58) separated into two groups elongated and broad (0.49 mm x 0.33 mm) at the base, arranged semi-circularly over the anterior margin of the tubular pharynx (Fig. 4F). Located 0.69 mm away from the anterior margin. Tentacular eyespots (38–42) in dorsal groups scattered or clustered together, ventral groups contain 65–74 eyespots.</p> <p>Digestive system: Pharynx short and tubular, 0.67–0.72 mm long. Mouth opens 0.99–1.44mm from the anterior margin. Intestine with around 8–9 lateral branches (Fig. 4B, D). Main intestine from base of the pharynx to posterior end measures 2.43 mm long. The lateral intestinal branches are organised rather loosely, and lateral peripheral glands as conspicuous yellow stripes seen over the translucent margin.</p> <p>Gonopores: Male gonopore present immediately behind the pharynx and 1.48–1.79 mm from anterior margin, measuring 0.17 mm. Female gonopore 0.35 mm behind the male gonopore and 1.94–2.25 mm from anterior margin, measuring 0.12–0.15mm (Fig. 4C, E).</p> <p>Male reproductive system: In male apparatus, oval thick walled seminal vesicle (0.20 mm x 0.13 mm) found dorsal to the prostatic vesicle and parallel to the pharynx (Fig. 5A). Oval prostatic vesicle (0.11 mm x 0.13 mm) is placed between the pharyngeal chamber and ejaculatory duct. Stylet, 0.069 mm pointed and bent at the tip, enters wide semi-circular male atrium via penis pocket (Fig. 5B).</p> <p>Female reproductive system: female atrium wide, oval (0.069 mm wide) and opens into vagina with shallow lateral invagination (0.022 mm) for cement pouches. Cement glands densely disposed (Fig. 5C). Vagina slightly extends (0.082 mm) dorsally, turns posterior to uterine spaces (Fig. 5C). Uterine vesicle (0.19 mm x 0.15 mm) is visible (Fig. 5C). Uteri filled with oocytes appear on either side of the median line and is visible through ventral surface (Fig. 4C, E, 5D)</p> <p>Taxonomic remarks: round/oval body, tubular pharynx, small bumps of tentacles, lateral branches of intestine range within 4-10 and multiple uterine vesicles place these specimens into the genus Cycloporus as defined in Newman and Canon (2002).</p> <p>Prudhoe (1982) mentioned the close resemblance of this species with C. gabriellae and C. maculatus. However, he differentiated C. australis in terms of colouration and greater number of eyes. Cycloporus maculatus also shows an elongate cluster, formed by cerebral and tentacular eyespots, distinguishing it from C. australis. It also differs from other Cycloporus species due to the anterior triad of intestinal branch.</p> <p>Hallez (1893), while describing C. maculatus from the Mediterranean, mentioned the juvenile forms with red intestinal branches but this colouration was not observed in the adult forms. The colour of the main intestinal branches is not recorded in the original description of C. australis. However, all the specimens in the present study showed a distinct red colour.</p> <p>The specimens were always observed over or around the compound ascidian.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187B7D26D3B4EFF35FEC26664FF7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pitale, Reshma;Apte, Deepak	Pitale, Reshma, Apte, Deepak (2019): Intertidal Euryleptid polyclads and description of a new Stylostomum Lang, 1884 from Maharashtra, India. Zootaxa 4652 (2): 317-339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.5
039187B7D2603B41FF35FF7262A2FCDA.text	039187B7D2603B41FF35FF7262A2FCDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloporus reticulatus Newman and Canon 2002	<div><p>Cycloporus reticulatus Newman and Canon 2002</p> <p>(Figure 6)</p> <p>Material examined: One specimen (BNHS-Pclad 162, 2.62 mm x 2.66 mm), collected 30-01-2014 at Mandvi in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra.</p> <p>Distribution: Originally described from Heron Is., southern Great Barrier Reef. Also found at Madang, Papua New Guinea and Coral Bay-Western Australia (Newman and Canon 2002, 2003).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Translucent body with white patches on the dorsal surface across the intestinal network, giving ap- pearance of reticulation, 32 cerebral eyespots arranged in two curved groups.</p> <p>Description: Colour: semi-translucent body, slightly buff across the dorsal surface except margin which is clear. Small white patches and markings found over the surface, especially across the main gut and lateral anasto- mosing branches, gives reticulated appearance (Fig.4A and B). Pharynx and main intestinal branch is brown-black, and this colouration is due to gut content. Lateral branches also show blackish colouration, especially prominent over the region close to the margin. Peripheral glands are distinct over the margin forming yellow lateral stripes, except for a very few white markings. Ventral surface translucent and appears brownish due to food content.</p> <p>Form: Oval.</p> <p>Pseudotentacles: Small projections from the anterior margin.</p> <p>Eyespots: 32 cerebral eyespots, separated into two groups, elongated and slightly curved (Fig. 4C) and located at 0.3 mm from the anterior margin. Tentacular eyespots range between 15–18 (Fig. 4C) in dorsal and ventral groups. These eyespots are scattered between the anterior margin and clumped together on the tentacles. Distinct opaque white blotch is observed at the anterior margin above the region of cerebral eyespots and between the tentacles.</p> <p>Digestive system: Pharynx short and tubular, measuring 0.53 mm. Intestine with around 3–4 lateral branches. The lateral intestinal branches organised rather loosely and lateral peripheral glands with conspicuous yellow stripes seen over the translucent margin.</p> <p>Gonopores: Male gonopore present below the pharynx and 0.99 mm from the anterior margin, measuring 0.09 mm. Female gonopore 0.39mm behind the male gonopore and 1.32 mm from anterior margin, measuring 0.11 mm. (Fig. 4D)</p> <p>Taxonomic remarks: round/oval body, tubular pharynx, small bumps of tentacles, prominent peripheral vesicles of intestinal branches, lateral branches of intestine range with 4-10 place this specimen into the genus Cycloporus as defined in Newman and Canon (2002).</p> <p>The current specimen differs from the original description in its colouration of peripheral glands. Newman and Canon (2002; 2003) mentioned white peripheral glands whereas the present specimen clearly shows yellow markings across the margin. The variation can be attributed to type of food material ingested by the species, available at the site.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187B7D2603B41FF35FF7262A2FCDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pitale, Reshma;Apte, Deepak	Pitale, Reshma, Apte, Deepak (2019): Intertidal Euryleptid polyclads and description of a new Stylostomum Lang, 1884 from Maharashtra, India. Zootaxa 4652 (2): 317-339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.5
039187B7D2613B43FF35FC4D676EFF7E.text	039187B7D2613B43FF35FC4D676EFF7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurylepta aurantiaca Heath & Mc Gregor 1912	<div><p>Eurylepta aurantiaca Heath &amp; Mc Gregor 1912</p> <p>(Figure 7)</p> <p>Material examined: One specimen (2.43 mm x 1.30 mm) used for histology as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (BNHS-Pclad 161, 19 slides). Collected 30-1-2014 at Mandvi, Ratnagiri. One specimen (3.42 x 1.30 mm) (BNHS-Pclad 178) collected 23-11-2014 at Mandvi, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra.</p> <p>Distribution: Originally described from Monterey Bay, California (Heath &amp; McGregor 1912) and later reported from Washington State and San Diego, USA (Hyman 1953, 1955). Caribbean coast of Colombia (Quiroga et al. 2004) and from Brazil (Bahia et al. 2014). This report marks the first record of the species in Indian Ocean. Eurylepta violacea Kelaart, 1858 described from Southcoast of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) is the closest report of this genus to Indian waters.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Translucent oval body with typical pointed tentacles. Yellowish orange dorsal surface with pink median stripe. White dots across the dorsal surface.</p> <p>Description: Colour: Transparent body, tinged with yellowish-orange which starts disappearing towards the marginal areas. Median pink stripe is prominent; begin at the base of cerebral eyespots and fades prior to posterior margin. White spots are seen throughout the dorsal surface. (Fig. 7D and E) Ventral surface is opaque.</p> <p>Form: Oval</p> <p>Pseudotentacles: finger like, slender and pointed, 0.19 to 0.27 mm</p> <p>Eyespots: Cerebral eyespots arranged as two distinct elongate clusters (15–25 in each cluster), 0.30 mm from anterior margin. Dorsal and ventral tentacular eyespots (8–12) at base of tentacles, some eyespots are found between the tentacles, arranged little below the margin (Fig. 7B).</p> <p>Digestive system: Pharynx tubular 0.83 mm long. Main intestine with about 8–9 lateral branches with further subdivisions; subdivisions do not show subsequent anastomoses (Fig. 7E).</p> <p>Gonopores: Male gonopore present immediately behind pharynx and 1.03 mm from anterior margin, measuring 0.093 mm. Female gonopore 0.16 mm behind male gonopore and 1.25 mm from anterior margin, measuring 0.064 mm.</p> <p>Male reproductive system: The present specimens found in developing stages of reproductive structure. Small form of penis (0.035 mm) and shallow male atrium (0.064 mm) observed (Fig. 7C). Prostatic vesicles, seminal vesicles and any other sign of reproductive structure virtually lacking.</p> <p>Female reproductive system: Female reproductive organs could not be seen within the histological sections (Fig. 7C).</p> <p>Taxonomic remarks: Smooth dorsal surface, well developed tentacles, cerebral eyes in elongated clusters, absence of frontal intestinal branch and presence of long tubular pharynx place these specimens into the genus Eu- rylepta as defined by Faubel (1984).</p> <p>The specimen exactly matches the original description. The eyespot number found in the description of the type is more numerous than in the present specimen. The eyespot number is closer to the recent report of this species from Brazil (Bahia et al. 2014). The smaller numbers of ocelli can be attributed to immature specimens.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187B7D2613B43FF35FC4D676EFF7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pitale, Reshma;Apte, Deepak	Pitale, Reshma, Apte, Deepak (2019): Intertidal Euryleptid polyclads and description of a new Stylostomum Lang, 1884 from Maharashtra, India. Zootaxa 4652 (2): 317-339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.5
039187B7D2633B44FF35FEA66320FEE2.text	039187B7D2633B44FF35FEA66320FEE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stylostomum mixtomaculatum Pitale & Apte 2019	<div><p>Stylostomum mixtomaculatum sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figure 8, 9)</p> <p>Etymology: ‘ mixtum ’ meaning mixed, ‘ maculatum ’ meaning having maculae or blotches. Two kinds (dark and light) of maculae found on the dorsal surface.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype: One specimen (BNHS-Pclad 034, 3.1 mm x 2.39 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (41 slides). Collected 14-2-2012 at Undi—type locality.</p> <p>Species also reported from Mandvi, Ratnagiri, Poshitra (22.418975° N 69.228166° E) and Dwarka (22.240323° N 68.957424° E) in Gujarat, west coast of India.</p> <p>Paratype: One specimen (BNHS-Pclad 0200, 3.19 mm x 2.36 mm), intact, collected on 14-2-2012 at Undi; One specimen (BNHS-Pclad 0201, 3.72 mm x 2.79 mm) collected on 1-11-2012 at Mandvi, Ratnagiri.</p> <p>Distribution: This species is so far known only from its type locality and other areas as mentioned above.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Oval, translucent creamish-buff dorsal surface with black minute spots arranged in a circular manner forming maculate appearance. Minute white dots found across the dorsal surface; margin clear.</p> <p>Description:</p> <p>Colour: Semi-transparent creamish body, appears buff-primrose yellowish when fully fed and intestinal branches are full of food material (Fig. 8A). White minute dots found evenly distributed over dorsal surface; sometimes continue to be present on the margin. Several brown-black minute dots organised in circular manner forming maculae, found arranged unevenly on the dorsal surface. Some of these dots are tightly packed and dark, and become prominent whereas most of the blotches appear comparatively light (Fig. 8A, B and C). These maculae show prominent dotted border. All the specimen showed a combination of dark-light maculae. Milky white specks in some specimen were noticed representing ovaries. Margin clear and ventral surface cream colour.</p> <p>Form: Circular, elongated while creeping.</p> <p>Pseudotentacles: reduced but minute stumps observed only during creeping.</p> <p>Eyespots: Two small groups of cerebral eyespots (4 prominent ocelli) in a colourless area, 0.46 mm from the anterior margin (Fig. 8D). Cluster is about 0.17 mm. At dorsal, fore-end eye cluster contains 15–18 ocelli, found extended along the margin up to the length of cerebral eye cluster.</p> <p>Digestive system: Pharynx typical of the genus, tubular (0.51 mm) opens into the main intestine (Fig. 8G). 7–8 lateral intestinal branches are seen, and anterior branch. This frontal extension of main intestinal branch reaches almost half the length of the pharynx (Fig. 8G, 9B). Lateral branches sub-divided.</p> <p>Gonopores: Mouth and one male gonopore common (Fig. 8C and 9B), present 1.02 mm distant from anterior margin, measuring 0.082 mm. Female gonopore 0.24 mm behind the male gonopore/mouth and 1.22 mm distant from anterior margin, measuring 0.057 mm. (Fig. 8C, E)</p> <p>Male reproductive system: (Fig. 8F and G, 9B) Large oval seminal vesicle (0.28 x 0.096 mm) found arranged slightly perpendicular to the ventral body wall. Small rounded prostatic vesicle (0.06 x 0.07 mm), placed below the pharynx and ventral to the seminal vesicle. Short ejaculatory duct extends forward, unites with prostatic duct and passes into the slender pointed penis.</p> <p>Female reproductive system: (Fig. 8F, 9B) Wide-oval female atrium (0.11mm) enters into a vagina with deep lateral invagination (0.07 mm) for cement pouches. Cement glands are seen densely disposed. Vagina extends dorsally (0.07 mm), turns posterior and subsequently opens into the uterine spaces. Uterine vesicle (0.19 x 0.14 mm) visible. Two elongated uteri filled with oocytes appear on either side of the median line (Fig. 9A) and in some specimen, are visible through ventral surface (Fig. 8C, E).</p> <p>Taxonomic remarks. The presence of a common opening for mouth and male copulatory apparatus, uterine vesicles and uteri, absence of anastomoses but subdivisions of the intestinal branches and presence of a frontal extension of the intestine place this species in the genus Stylostomum. In terms of the number of cerebral and pseudotentacular eye spots, S. mixtomaculatum sp. nov. resembles S. sanjuania. Otherwise the new species markedly differs from other valid species of this genus in terms of colour patterns, number of cerebral eyespots and pseudotentacular eyespots.</p> <p>Faubel (1984) described the genus Parastylostomum as varying from Stylostomum by having postero-ventrally oriented prostatic vesicle and absence of uterine vesicles. S. mixtomaculatum sp. nov. resembles Parastylostomum maculatum in terms of the number of cerebral eyespots.</p> <p>The specimens were always seen over the compound ascidian Eudistoma sp. and even egg mass was noticed. Moreover, the colouration (primrose yellowish) observed within the specimens matched exactly with the Eudistoma sp. (Fig. 9C, D, E).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187B7D2633B44FF35FEA66320FEE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pitale, Reshma;Apte, Deepak	Pitale, Reshma, Apte, Deepak (2019): Intertidal Euryleptid polyclads and description of a new Stylostomum Lang, 1884 from Maharashtra, India. Zootaxa 4652 (2): 317-339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.5
