identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D3501FFF97FFA6FF7FF8ACDAC3048B.text	03D3501FFF97FFA6FF7FF8ACDAC3048B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis White 1856	<div><p>Genus Paralomis White, 1856</p> <p>Paralomis White, 1856: 264 (type species: Lithodes granulosa Hombron &amp; Jacquinot, 1846, by original designation).— De Grave et al. 2009: 25.— McLaughlin et al. 2010: 13.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3501FFF97FFA6FF7FF8ACDAC3048B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tiwari, Shivam;Padate, Vinay P.;Venugopalan, Vishnu K.;Cubelio, Sherine Sonia;Takeda, Masatsune	Tiwari, Shivam, Padate, Vinay P., Venugopalan, Vishnu K., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Paralomis White, 1856 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from India, with morphological variability in Paralomis indica Alcock & Anderson, 1899. Zootaxa 5091 (2): 301-329, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.4
03D3501FFF96FFADFF7FFF77DAEE00EA.text	03D3501FFF96FFADFF7FFF77DAEE00EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis ceres Macpherson 1989	<div><p>Paralomis ceres Macpherson, 1989</p> <p>(Figs. 2–5, Tab. 1)</p> <p>Paralomis ceres Macpherson 1989: 117, figs. 1, 2.— Kazmi &amp; Siddiqui 2006: fig. 6.— Ahyong 2010: 108 (list).— Hall &amp; Thatje 2010: 520 (list, Appendix 1), fig. 15A.— McLaughlin et al. 2010: 13 (list).</p> <p>Material examined. Three females (IO /SS/ANO/00047; PCL 79.0 mm, CW 81.0 mm, PCL 81.0 mm, CW 84.1 mm, PCL 91.0 mm, CW 95.0 mm), Arabian Sea, FORVSS stn. 31609, 8.41°N, 75.89°E, 1237–1245 m depth, HSDT (CV), coll. Dr. Vinu Jacob, 17 July 2013. One male (IO /SS/ANO/00122; PCL 96.8 mm, CW 101.8 mm), Arabian Sea, FORVSS stn. 39901, 8.64°N, 76.10°E, 1065 m depth, HSDT (CV), coll. Dr. Aneesh Kumar K. V., 23 September 2020.</p> <p>Description. Carapace sub-pentagonal, PCL subequal to CW; regions distinct (Figs. 2A, C, 3A). Surface and margins uniformly covered mostly with rounded papilliform tubercles bearing a crown of thin, stiff setae (Fig. 3A– B, D–F); elongated tubercles on carapace include 1 at anterior end of each branchial region; coalesced tubercles on carapace include 1 anterior median and 1 pair of posterior submedians on gastric region, 1 anterior and 1 posterior on each branchial region, and 2 submedian pairs on cardiac region; cervical groove distinct. Pterygostomian region tapering anteriorly, anterior margin with prominent conical spine bearing thin, stiff setae; surface of anterior third covered with smaller, well-spaced minute rounded tubercles, posterior two-thirds covered with relatively closely spaced larger rounded tubercles (Fig. 3D).</p> <p>Rostrum trispinous, 0.1 PCL; broad basally, median spine elongate conical, gently curved upwards, ventral lobe bluntly triangular, covered with granules; dorsal spines short conical, directed obliquely upwards (Fig. 3B). Posterior orbital margin concave, sharply granular; outer orbital spine slender, directed anteriorly, not extending to posterior corneal margin. Anterolateral spine conical, shorter than outer orbital spine; distance between outer bases of anterolateral spines of both sides 0.3–0.4 CW.</p> <p>Ocular peduncle longer than cornea, with sharp granules dorsally, anterior 7 granules spiniform, arranged in arcuate row above cornea, median spine longest, overreaching cornea by more than half length of cornea (Fig. 3C).</p> <p>Antennular peduncle unarmed, reaching anteriorly beyond apex of antennal peduncle by full length of distal antennular peduncle article (Fig. 4B).</p> <p>Basal antennal article covered dorsally with scattered granules, anterolateral corner with curved spine followed by two spiniform granules. Article 2 dorsally and laterally granular, lateral granules spiniform; distolateral spine elongated, overreaching apex of article 4. Article 3 ventrally with irregular row minute granules (Fig. 4B). Scaphocerite a long slender spine distinctly overreaching distal peduncular article, bearing 5 mesial and 5 lateral spines, 4 short spines and 3 or 4 granules dorsally, irregularly granular ventrally (Fig. 4C). Article 4 unarmed, about half length of article 5 (Fig. 4B).</p> <p>Abdominal somite 2 covered with rounded tubercles similar to carapace (Figs. 2C, 3E). Somites 3–6 covered with rounded tubercles progressively smaller in size, margins spinulate, marginal plates subdivided into smaller plates (Fig. 2B, D). Somite 6 1.2 times longer than wide in male, 1.3 in females. Telson bluntly triangular, slightly wider than long, with 1 submedian pair of spiniform granules in addition to tubercles (Fig. 2B, D).</p> <p>Maxilliped 3 pediform, widely separated basally (Fig. 4D). Ischium with crista dentata consisting of 16 teeth; accessory tooth present. Merus, carpus with single row of setae on mesial margin. Propodus triangular in crosssection, with thick bunches of grooming setae on mesial margin, outer base of triangle with row of setae. Dactylus flattened with thick bunches of grooming setae along mesial margin.</p> <p>Chelipeds unequal in both sexes, covered with well-spaced rounded tubercles (Fig. 2A, C). Coxae minutely tuberculate, mesial margins with dense tufts of setae (Figs. 2B, D, 4A). Ischiobasis with tufts of setae on mesial surface, larger tubercles bearing setal tufts. Merus with conical tubercles on lateral surface and dorsal margin, dorsal margin with 4 subdistal progressively smaller spines (Fig. 5A). Carpus with 1 row of spines on dorsal margin, fourth spine longest, mesial margin with large spine (Fig. 5A). Propodus with 1 pair of distal spines followed by 3 spines on dorsal margin, largest spines bearing setal tufts; mesial and lateral surfaces with tubercles bearing setal tufts anteriorly, extending onto proximal portion of pollex (Fig. 5A–B). Dactylus and pollex with conical tubercles proximally (Fig. 5A–B).</p> <p>Major cheliped 1.5 PCL in male, 1.1–1.2 PCL in females; upper palm length 0.9 times height in male, 0.9–1.1 in females; occlusal margins of fingers corneous for distal fourth, proximally with 3 calcareous nodules, proximal nodule largest; dactylus dorsal margin broadly convex, with tufts of golden setae and small proximal spine (Fig. 5A–B), 1.1 times longer than dorsal margin of palm in both sexes.</p> <p>Minor cheliped 1.4 PCL in male, 1.0–1.1 PCL in females; upper palm length 0.9 times height in male, 1.0– 1.1 in females; occlusal margins of fingers corneous for more than distal half, proximally crenulate; dactylus dorsal margin broadly convex, with tufts of golden setae and small proximal granule (Fig. 5C), 1.9 times longer than dorsal margin of palm in male, 1.4–1.7 in females.</p> <p>Pereopods 2–4 similar, elongate, covered with well-spaced small tubercles (Fig. 5D–F). P3 longest. Coxae with setose rounded tubercles. Ischiobasis with distinct conical tubercles, distal ones larger. Merus triangular in crosssection; dorsal and ventral surfaces with small rounded tubercles, flexor surface with short conical spines, extensor surface with a row of 8–10 spines. Carpus with small rounded tubercles on dorsal and ventral surfaces, flexor margin with short conical setose tubercles, extensor margin with 5–7 spines. Propodus with small rounded tubercles on dorsal and ventral surfaces, flexor margin with 10–11 spines, extensor margin with 11–13 spines. Dactylus gently curved, laterally compressed, longer than carpus and extensor margin of propodus (Fig. 5G); flexor margins of male with 12, 13, 16 fixed corneous spines, respectively; 13, 16, 15 spines in smallest female, 15, 12, 12 in medium-sized female, and 17, 15, 15 in largest female; extensor margins of P2, P3 and P4 with 4, 5, 5 proximal spines in male, 4, 5, 5 in smallest female, 5, 5, 7 in medium-sized female and 4, 4, 4 in largest female; apex corneous.</p> <p>Pereopod 2 length 2.2 PCL in male, 1.4–1.5 PCL in females. Merus 0.7 PCL in male, 0.4 PCL in females; length: height ratio 3.7 in male, 2.4–2.8 in females. Carpus 0.6 merus length in male, 0.7–0.8 in females. Propodus 0.8 merus length in both sexes; length: height ratio 4.4 in male, 3.4–3.5 in females. Dactylus 1.1 propodus length in both sexes.</p> <p>Pereopod 3 length 2.2 PCL in male, 1.5 PCL in females. Merus 0.7 PCL in male, 0.5 PCL in females; length: height ratio 3.7 in male, 2.5–2.7 in females. Carpus 0.6 merus length in male, 0.7 in females. Propodus 0.8 merus length in male, 0.8–0.9 in females; length: height ratio 4.7 in male, 3.3–4.1 in females. Dactylus 1.0 propodus length in male, 1.0– 1.1 in females.</p> <p>Pereopod 4 length 2.2 PCL in male, 1.5 PCL in females. Merus 0.6 PCL in male, 0.4 PCL in females; length: height ratio 3.8 in male, 2.7–2.8 in females. Carpus 0.6 merus length in male, 0.7 in females. Propodus 0.9 merus length in male, 0.8–0.9 in females; length: height ratio 4.7 in male, 3.5–3.9 in females. Dactylus 1.1 propodus length in both sexes.</p> <p>Genetic data. COI sequence GenBank accession number: MW291128. 16S rRNA GenBank accession number: MW362253.</p> <p>Remarks. Paralomis ceres was originally described by Macpherson (1989) based on a male specimen (BMNH 1989.926) from off Oman in the Arabian Sea during the John Murray Expedition and deposited in the British Museum of Natural History. A distinctive feature of this species originally recognised in the type description is the carapace dorsal surface being thickly covered with rounded granules of varying sizes (Macpherson 1989: figs. 1, 2A, B). Hall &amp; Thatje’s (2010) comparative study of carapace ornamentation in lithodids standardized the description to “several rounded tubercles with a roughly defined ring of single setae towards the top. It has conical lateral spines or tubercles, which have many setae towards their base”. The morphological description and illustrations of the holotype were found to be adequate for comparison with the present material. The present specimens agree with the description and resemble the illustrations of the holotype in the shape and ornamentation of the carapace, chelipeds and pereopods as well as the armature on the antennal scaphocerite. However, the present specimens exhibit higher P4 length/PCL ratio of 2.2 in the male, 1.5 in the females [vs. 1.5 in the holotype]; P4 merus length: width ratio of 3.8 in the male, 2.7–2.8 in the females [vs. 2.7 in the holotype]; P4 carpus length/merus length of 0.6 in the male, 0.4 in the females [vs. 0.5 in the holotype]; P4 propodus length/merus length ratio of 0.9 in the male, 0.8–0.9 in the females [vs. 0.8 in the holotype]; P4 propodus length: width ratio of 4.7 in the male, 3.5–3.9 in the females [2.4 in the holotype]. The variations between the holotype and the present male specimen appear to be allometric in nature. Sexual dimorphism was observed particularly in the relative lengths of the thoracic appendages. The male possessed the comparatively massive chelipeds than females, and its minor cheliped with a relatively longer dactylus compared to the latter. Secondly, the male possessed the relatively longer P2–P4 with higher pereopod length/PCL and merus length/PCL ratios and lower carpus length/merus length ratio. Thirdly, the male possessed the relatively slender pereopod meri and propodi as evident by higher length/width ratios compared to the females.</p> <p>This species resembles P. dofleini Balss, 1911, P. haigae Eldredge, 1976, P. papua Ahyong, 2020 and P. roeleveldae Kensley, 1981 in the carapace being densely covered with rounded tubercles bearing setae around the apex. However, this species shows the closest resemblance to southwestern Indian Ocean species, P. roeleveldae, in having several rounded tubercles with a ring of short single setae surrounding the apex (Fig. 3F; Hall &amp; Thatje 2010: fig. 15A). In comparison, the western Pacific species, P. dofleini and P. haigae have a thick ring of setae around the apex of the tubercle (Balss 1911: fig. 17 for P. dofleini; Hall &amp; Thatje 2010: fig. 15C for P. haigae); P. papua possesses an uneven ring of setae around the apex of the tubercle (Ahyong 2020: fig. 10D, E).</p> <p>Paralomis ceres shows close affinity with P. papua and P. roeleveldae in the position of the marginal tubercles on the carapace, but these are short and blunt in P. ceres (Figs. 2A, 3A) [vs. long acuminate spines in P. roeleveldae (Kensley 1981: fig. 8A); elongate tubercles in P. papua (Ahyong 2020: figs. 8A, 9A); the absence of anterolateral spines and other prominent marginal ornamentation in P. dofleini (Balss 1911: fig. 16) and P. haigae (Eldredge 1976: fig. 2a, d)]. It shares close resemblance with P. papua in the distomesial cluster of spines on the cheliped merus, mesial spines on the carpus and the prominent spines on the dorsal margin of palm. However, P. ceres differs from P. papua in having a carapace with length subequal to width and a less rounded posterior margin (Figs. 2A, C, 3A) [vs. carapace with length slightly greater than width and an arcuate posterior margin in P. papua (Ahyong 2020: figs. 8A, 9A)], and rounded tubercles on the lateral surface of the cheliped palm (Fig. 5A–C) [vs. conical spines in P. papua (Ahyong 2020: fig. 10A–C)]. Each species possesses a unique number of spines on the antennal scaphocerite: 5 inner and 5 outer spines in P. ceres, 3 or 4 inner and 4 or 5 outer spines in P. papua, 3 inner spines and spinules and 4 outer spines in P. roeleveldae, 14–19 in P. haigae, and 7 in P. dofleini. The ornamentation on the P2–P 4 in P. ceres comprises moderately large spines on the anterior margins of meri, carpi and propodi, and small spines on the posterior margins (Figs. 2A, 5D–F) [vs. large spines on flexor and extensor margins in P. papua (Ahyong 2020: fig. 8A, C) and P. roeleveldae (Kensley 1981: fig. 8A–B); meri with short spines on flexor and extensor margins, carpi and propodi with moderately large spines on anterior margins in P. dofleini (Balss 1911) and P. haigae (Eldredge 1976: fig. 2a, b)].</p> <p>Distribution. Arabian Sea off Oman at 1189–1354 m depth (Macpherson 1989); southeastern Arabian Sea off India at 1065 and 1237–1245 m depth (present study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3501FFF96FFADFF7FFF77DAEE00EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tiwari, Shivam;Padate, Vinay P.;Venugopalan, Vishnu K.;Cubelio, Sherine Sonia;Takeda, Masatsune	Tiwari, Shivam, Padate, Vinay P., Venugopalan, Vishnu K., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Paralomis White, 1856 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from India, with morphological variability in Paralomis indica Alcock & Anderson, 1899. Zootaxa 5091 (2): 301-329, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.4
03D3501FFF9CFFBCFF7FFBFADB6701BD.text	03D3501FFF9CFFBCFF7FFBFADB6701BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis indica Alcock & Anderson 1899	<div><p>Paralomis indica Alcock &amp; Anderson, 1899</p> <p>(Figs. 6–16, Tab. 1)</p> <p>Paralomis indica Alcock &amp; Anderson 1899: 15.—Alcock 1899: pl. 43, fig. 2, 2a.— Alcock 1901: 234.— Ahyong 2010: 108 (list).— Hall &amp; Thatje 2010: 522 (list in Appendix 1).— McLaughlin et al. 2010: 13 (list).</p> <p>Material examined. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">One</a> male (IO /SS/ANO/00001; PCL 91.2 mm, CW 102.4 mm), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Bay of Bengal</a>, FORVSS stn 29283, 6.84°N, 93.05°E, 337 m depth, HSDT (CV), coll. Dr. Usha Parameswaran, 10 December 2011. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">One</a> male (IO /SS/ANO/00048; PCL 82.5 mm, CW 99.6 mm), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Bay of Bengal</a>, FORVSS stn 27924, 17.05°N, 83.30°E, 550 m depth, Expo model trawl net, coll. Dr. R. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Raghu Prakash</a>, 2 September 2010. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">One</a> male (IO /SS/ANO/00049; PCL 80.9 mm, CW 94.9 mm), one ovigerous female (IO /SS/ANO/00050; PCL 64.2 mm, CW 74.0 mm), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Bay of Bengal</a>, FORVSS stn 29105, 18.83°N, 85.37°E, 614–643 m depth, HSDT (CV), coll. Dr. Rajeeshkumar M.P., 30 October 2011. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">One</a> male (IO /SS/ANO/00051; PCL 81.5 mm, CW 92.2 mm), one ovigerous female (IO /SS/ANO/00052; PCL 76.1 mm, CW 90.8 mm), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Bay of Bengal</a>, FORVSS stn 29116, 10.92°N, 80.36°E, 645–654 m depth, Expo model trawl net, coll. Dr. Rajeeshkumar M.P., 8 November 2011. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Two</a> males (IO /SS/ANO/00053; PCL 74.0 mm, CW 81.2 mm, PCL 73.7 mm, CW 83.4 mm), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Bay of Bengal</a>, FORVSS stn 29117, 11.91°N, 80.14°E, 528–777 m depth, Expo model trawl net, coll. Dr. Rajeeshkumar M.P., 9 November 2011. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Two</a> males (IO /SS/ANO/00054; PCL 77.3 mm, CW 83.4 mm, PCL 77.6 mm, CW 88.2 mm), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Bay of Bengal</a>, FORVSS stn 27901, 11.10°N, 80.32°E, 645 m depth, HSDT (CV), coll. Dr. R. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Raghu Prakash</a>, 26 August 2010. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Two</a> males (IO /SS/ANO/00055; PCL 54.4 mm, CW 60.7 mm, PCL 65.8 mm, CW 71.6 mm), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">Bay of Bengal</a>, FORVSS stn 29103, 18.84°N, 85.39°E, 633–655 m depth, Expo model trawl net, coll. Dr. Rajeeshkumar M.P., 29 October 2011. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.49/lat 8.24)">One</a> male (IO /SS/ANO/00057; PCL 85.9 mm, CW 95.0 mm), Arabian Sea, FORVSS stn 31810, 12.10°N, 74.32°E, 315–326 m depth, Expo model trawl net, coll. Dr. Rajool Shanis C.P., 26 August 2013. One male (IO /SS/ANO/00059; PCL 82.4 mm, CW 92.5 mm), one female (IO /SS/ANO/00056; PCL 68.7 mm, CW 70.6 mm), Arabian Sea, FORVSS stn 31801, 12.47°N, 74.15°E, 440–449 m depth, Expo model trawl net, coll. Dr. Rajool Shanis C.P., 24 August 2013. Three males (IO /SS/ANO/00058; PCL 67.0 mm, CW 73.5 mm, PCL 69.0 mm, CW 74.2 mm, PCL 78.1 mm, CW 80.8 mm), four females (IO /SS/ ANO/00060; PCL 62.3, CW 68.1 mm, PCL 67.1 mm, CW 75.1 mm, PCL 67.9 mm, CW 72.9 mm, PCL 70.1 mm, CW 70.0 mm), Arabian Sea, FORVSS stn 39801, 8.24°N, 76.49°E, 610 m depth, Expo model trawl net, coll. Aleesha K. Shaji, 29 February 2020. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.64" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.1/lat 8.64)">Four</a> males (IO /SS/ANO/00120; PCL 79.7 mm, CW 84.9 mm, PCL 61.1 mm, CW 63.7 mm, PCL 66.1 mm, CW 70.6 mm, PCL 59.7 mm, CW 68.9 mm), one female (IO /SS/ANO/00121; PCL 62.6 mm, CW 65.1 mm) Arabian Sea, FORVSS stn 39901, 8.64°N, 76.10°E, 1065 m depth, coll. Dr. Aneesh Kumar K. V., HSDT (CV), 23 September 2020. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.3/lat 17.05)">One</a> juvenile male, (IO /SS/ANO/00123; PCL 27.1 mm, CW 29.9 mm), Bay of Bengal, FORVSS stn 27924, 17.05°N, 83.30°E, 550 m depth, coll. Dr. R. Raghu Prakash, Expo model trawl net, 2 September 2010.</p> <p>Description. Carapace broad, pyriform (PCL 0.8–1.0 CW), lateral margins sinuous, subparallel in most specimens, regularly convex in few specimens; regions distinct (Figs. 6A–D, 13A, D, G, J, 14A, D, G, J, 15A, D, G, J). Surface covered with unequal-sized conical tubercles; larger conical tubercles with acuminate apex, surface pitted (Fig. 6A–D); elongated tubercles on carapace including 1 at anterior end of branchial region. Gastric region convex, moderately elevated, with 15–17 moderately large conical tubercles, and few minute interspersed tubercles. Lateral margin of hepatic region with 3 alternately large and small conical spines. Branchial anterior margin with 5–8 alternately large and small spines, lateral margin with 4–7 alternately large and small spines, posterior margin with 9–13 small spines; dorsal surface moderately to distinctly inflated, elevation much more prominent than other regions (moderately prominent in few specimens), covered with unequal-sized conical tubercles and randomly scattered minute tubercles. Cardiac region subtriangular, moderately to distinctly depressed, with 2 submedian pairs followed by 1 median short conical tubercle. Intestinal region with 1 median and 1 pair of submedian short conical tubercles. Pterygostomian region sparsely granular, with prominent anterior spine (Fig. 7A, B).</p> <p>Rostrum trispinous, 0.1–0.2 PCL; broadest basally; median spine elongate conical, gently curved upwards, smooth, ventral lobe triangular, covered with granules; dorsal spines subparallel to diverging, shorter than median spine, directed obliquely upwards, tips acuminate (Fig. 7C, D). Posterior orbital margin concave, armed with short spine at inner base of outer orbital spine; outer orbital spine slender, directed anteriorly, short of or overreaching apex of cornea. Anterolateral spine slightly shorter than outer orbital spine; distance between the outer bases of anterolateral spines 0.3–0.4 CW.</p> <p>Ocular peduncle longer than cornea, with randomly scattered spinules, 1 large median conical spinule flanked by 3 spinules laterally and 1 or 2 spinules mesially above cornea (Fig. 7E, F).</p> <p>Antennular peduncle unarmed, reaching anteriorly beyond apex of antennal peduncle by length of distal antennular peduncle article (Fig. 8A, E, H).</p> <p>Basal antennal article with sparsely granular dorsal surface, with large distolateral spine and 1 lateral spinule. Article 2 with sparsely granular dorsal surface, angular outer margin terminating in a sharp spine, with 2 basal spinules; distolateral spine overreaching distal margin of article 4; inner margin terminating in a sharp spine, with 1 subdistal spine; distomesial spine shorter than distolateral, with one blunt basal spine. Article 3 with sparsely scattered setae (Fig. 8A, E, H). Scaphocerite a long slender spine not reaching apex of distal peduncular article, most specimens bearing 2 inner and 2 outer spines and 1 inner or 1 outer spinule, dorsal surface with 2 blunt spinules, few others bearing 3 inner and 3 outer spines and 1 blunt spinule (Fig. 8B–C, F, I). Article 4 very sparsely setose, less than half length of article 5.</p> <p>Maxilliped 3 pediform, widely separated basally (Fig. 8D, G, J). Ischium with crista dentata consisting of 16 teeth; accessory tooth present. Merus, carpus with single row of setae on mesial margin. Propodus triangular in cross-section, with thick bunches of grooming setae on mesial margin, outer base of triangle with row of setae. Dactylus flattened with thick bunches of grooming setae along mesial margin.</p> <p>Abdominal somite 2 covered with conical tubercles smaller than those on carapace (Fig. 9A, C, G, J). Somites 3–6 arranged almost in a straight line in males (Figs. 13B, E, H, K, 14B, E, H, K), curved towards right in females (Fig. 15B, E, H, K), covered with conical tubercles progressively smaller in size, margins spinose, bearing acute spines in most specimens, blunt spines in few others; marginal plates narrow to wide, indistinctly to distinctly subdivided. In males, somite 6 1.0–1.2 times longer than wide (0.9 in the juvenile male), marginal plates slightly short of or overreaching distal margin of median plate; in females, 1.0–1.4 times longer than wide. Telson bluntly triangular, slightly wider than long, with 1 submedian pair of short conical tubercles (Figs. 13B, E, H, K, 14B, E, H, K, 15B, E, H, K).</p> <p>Pereopods 1 (chelipeds) unequal, spination similar in both sexes. Major cheliped of males moderately to distinctly inflated (Fig. 10A–C), ratio of height of major cheliped and minor cheliped 1.6–2.3 in males, 1.0– 1.9 in females; minor cheliped slender (Fig. 10D–F). Coxae smooth to sparsely granular in males, distal margins minutely tuberculate (Fig. 9B, D, F, H); in females, coxae smooth, covered with long silky setae (Fig. 8B). Ischiobasis sparsely covered with conical spines, longer and numerous in smaller specimens. Merus sparsely covered with conical spines on mesial and lateral surfaces, distal margin of lateral surfaces with 4 short spines; dorsal margins of larger chelipeds in both sexes with 4 strong spines, those of smaller chelipeds with 4 comparatively smaller spines. Carpus dorsal margins with 4 large and 1 small spines, ventral margin with randomly scattered spinules, mesial surface with sparsely placed spinules (longest in smaller specimens), lateral surfaces with 3 irregular rows of well-spaced shorter spines. Propodus with 1 pair of subdistal spines followed by 1 irregular row of spines on dorsal margin, ventral margin with 1 irregular row of small well-spaced spines, mesial surfaces with 2 rows of well-spaced spinules on lower portion, upper portion with irregular patch of spinules, lateral surfaces with 4 rows of well-spaced small spines and 1 or 2 rows of spinules; mesial and lateral surfaces with spines bearing setal tufts anteriorly, extending onto proximal portion of pollex.</p> <p>Major cheliped 1.0–1.5 PCL in males, 1.0– 1.1 in females; upper palm length 0.9–1.2 times height in males (2.0 in juvenile male), 0.9–1.3 in females; upper palm length 1.3–1.7 times width in males, 1.3–1.5 in females; occlusal margins of fingers corneous for distal one-fourth, proximally with 4 low calcareous nodules, proximal nodule largest; dactylus dorsal margin broadly convex, with rows of tufts of golden setae and 1 large proximal spine (Fig. 10A–C), 1.1–1.3 times longer than dorsal margin of palm in males (0.6 in juvenile male), 1.2–1.7 in females.</p> <p>Minor cheliped 0.9–1.3 PCL in males, 0.9–1.1 in females; upper palm length 0.9–1.2 times height in males (1.2 in juvenile male), 1.0– 1.2 in females; occlusal margin corneous in distal half, proximally crenulate; dactylus dorsal margin broadly convex, with rows of tufts of golden setae and 2–3 small proximal spines (Fig. 10D–F), 1.8–2.1 times longer than dorsal margin of palm in males (1.7 in juvenile male), 1.6–1.9 in females.</p> <p>Pereopods 2–4 similar, elongate, spinose (Fig. 11A–C, E–G, I–K). Coxae smooth, very sparsely spinulose, covered with long silky setae, margins bearing tufts of setae. Ischiobases with dorsal surface smooth, sparsely setose, ventral surfaces with proximally setose patch, distal two-thirds with 8–12 randomly scattered short conical tubercles (spines in smaller specimens) bearing a ring of setae around the apex (largest on P4), proximal and distal margins with a row of spinules, anterior and posterior margins with small random tufts of setae. Meri compressed, shorter than carapace in both sexes; extensor margins with 2–6 spinules and 4–6 spines (fewest in smaller specimens), distal margins with 3–4 spines; dorsal surfaces with an irregular row of 3–8 (fewest in smaller specimens) spines and randomly scattered spinules; flexor margins with 2 irregular rows of 4–7 spines (fewest in smaller specimens), ventral surfaces sparsely spinulose; merus of pereopod 3 slightly longer than that of pereopod 2 and pereopod 4. Carpi slightly shorter than to approximately two-thirds meral length, subcircular in cross-section; extensor margins with 5–6 spines; dorsal surfaces with 5–6 spines, and randomly scattered spinules in few specimens; flexor margins sparsely spinulose. Propodi dorsoventrally flattened, shorter than meri, with a distal ring of 5–7 spines; extensor margins with 5–6 spines; dorsal surfaces with 2 rows of 5–6 spines; flexor margins with 5–7 spines, distinct dense setose patch on distal half (in some specimens only on P4); ventral surfaces with 2 irregular rows of 4–7 setose spinules (fewest in smaller specimens). Dactyli broadly curved; slightly longer than extensor margins of propodi; extensor margins with tufts of setae on distal two-thirds to three-fourths, 3 apically corneous spines and a random spinule proximally; lateral proximal surfaces with short, distinct sulcus, flanked ventrally by 1 small, corneous spine; flexor margin lined with 10–12 movable spinules (Fig. 11D, H, L).</p> <p>Pereopod 2 length 1.5–2.5 PCL in males (1.4 in juvenile male), 1.4–1.6 in females. Merus 0.4–0.6 PCL in males (0.4 in juvenile male), 0.4 in females; length: height ratio 2.3–4.5 in males, 2.4–3.1 in females. Carpus 0.6–0.7 merus length in males (0.7 in male juvenile), 0.7 in females. Propodus 0.7–0.9 merus length in males, 0.7–0.8 in females; length: height ratio 3.6–6.6 in males, 3.5–6.1 in females. Dactylus 1.0–1.3 propodus length in males, 1.1–1.3 in females.</p> <p>Pereopod 3 length 1.5–2.5 PCL in males, 1.4–1.6 in females. Merus 0.4–0.7 PCL in males (0.4 in juvenile male), 0.4 in females; length: height ratio 2.6–4.0 in males, 2.5–3.1 in females. Carpus 0.6–0.7 merus length in males (0.6 in juvenile male), 0.7 in females. Propodus 0.7–0.9 merus length in both sexes (0.9 in juvenile male); length: height ratio 3.6–6.8 in males, 3.4–5.0 in females. Dactylus 1.0–1.3 propodus length in males (0.9 in juvenile male), 1.1–1.3 in females.</p> <p>Pereopod 4 length 1.4–2.4 PCL in males, 1.4–1.6 in females. Merus 0.4–0.6 PCL in males, 0.4 in females; length: height ratio 2.6–4.2 in males, 2.6–3.3 in females. Carpus 0.6–0.7 merus length in males (0.6 in juvenile male), 0.7 in females. Propodus 0.7–0.9 merus length in males, 0.8–0.9 in females; length: height ratio 3.5–6.0 in males, 3.4–5.0 in females. Dactylus 1.0–1.4 propodus length in males (0.9 in juvenile male), 1.2–1.3 in females.</p> <p>Morphological variability. The present material of P. indica collected from the southeast Arabian Sea, western Bay of Bengal and southeast Andaman waters (off Great Nicobar Island) exhibited high intraspecific variations (both intersexual and ontogenic) in the form of the carapace and dorsal rostral spines, nature of the branchial and cardiac regions, abdominal marginal spines, and pereopod length: PCL ratios for P2–P4. The present material was classified into 5 geographical regions (Arabian Sea off Trivandrum, Arabian Sea off North Kerala, southwestern Bay of Bengal, northwestern Bay of Bengal and Andaman waters) and 5 size-classes (20–30 mm PCL, 50–60 mm PCL, 60–70 mm PCL, 70–80 mm and 80–90 mm PCL) to infer the morphological and morphometric variations.</p> <p>In the Trivandrum region, the single male in the 50–60 mm size-class was characterized by convex carapace lateral margins, moderate branchial inflation, protruding cardiac region (in posterior view), V-shaped dorsal rostral spines, prominent abdominal marginal spines and lower PL/PCL ratio (for P2–P4) of 1.5. The 60–70 mm size-class of the males (n = 4) was characterized by convex carapace lateral margins, moderate branchial inflation, protruding cardiac region, V-shaped dorsal rostral spines, prominent abdominal marginal spines and slightly higher PL/PCL ratio of 1.5–1.8 (Fig. 13A–C); the females in this size-class (n = 4) differed in the slightly lower PL/PCL ratio of 1.4–1.6. The 70–80 mm size-class of the males (n = 2) was characterized by broadly convex carapace lateral margins, distinct branchial inflation, sunken cardiac region, V-shaped to curved dorsal rostral spines, prominent abdominal marginal spines and PL/PCL ratio of 1.4–2.1 (Fig. 13D–F); the single female in this size-class differed in having convex carapace lateral margins, moderate branchial inflation, protruding cardiac region and PL/PCL ratio of 1.5 (Fig. 15A–C).</p> <p>Off North Kerala, the single female in the 60–70 mm size-class was characterized by sinuous carapace lateral margins, distinct branchial inflation, sunken cardiac region, curved dorsal rostral spines, prominent abdominal marginal spines and PL / PCL ratio of 1.4 (Fig. 15D–F). The 80–90 mm size-class (2 males) was characterized by convex carapace lateral margins, moderate to distinct branchial inflation, protruding to sunken cardiac region, Vshaped to curved dorsal rostral spines, prominent to short abdominal marginal spines and PL / PCL ratio of 1.9–2.1 (Fig. 13H–J).</p> <p>In the southwestern Bay of Bengal, the 70–80 mm size-class of the males (n = 4) was characterized by variations in carapace lateral margins (broadly convex to sinuous), branchial inflation (moderate to distinct), nature of cardiac region (protruding to sunken), curved dorsal rostral spines, abdominal marginal spines (prominent to short) and PL/PCL ratio of 1.7–2.3 (Figs. 13J–L, 14A–C); the single female in the above size-class possessed sinuous carapace lateral margins, distinct branchial inflation, protruding cardiac region, curved dorsal rostral spines, prominent abdominal marginal spines and PL/PCL ratio of 1.4–1.5 (Fig. 15G–I). The single male in the 80–90 size class was characterized by broadly convex carapace lateral margins, moderate branchial inflation, protruding cardiac region, curved dorsal rostral spines, short abdominal marginal spines and PL/PCL ratio of 2.0–2.1.</p> <p>In the northwestern Bay of Bengal, the single juvenile male in the 20–30 mm size-class was characterized by sinuous carapace lateral margins, moderate branchial inflation, protruding cardiac region, V-shaped dorsal rostral spines, short abdominal marginal spines and PL / PCL ratio of 1.4–1.5 (Fig. 14J–L). The single male in the 50–60 mm size-class was characterized by sinuous carapace lateral margins, moderate branchial inflation, protruding cardiac region, V-shaped dorsal rostral spines, short abdominal marginal spines and PL / PCL ratio of 1.7 (Fig. 14G–I). The single male in the 60–70 mm size-class was characterized by broadly convex carapace lateral margins, distinct branchial inflation, sunken cardiac region, V-shaped dorsal rostral spines, (abdomen missing) and PL / PCL ratio of 1.9; the single female in the above size-class differed from the male in having sinuous carapace lateral margins, curved dorsal rostral spines, prominent abdominal marginal spines and PL / PCL ratio of 1.4–1.5 (Fig. 15J–L). The 80–90 mm size class (2 males) was characterized by sinuous carapace lateral margins, distinct branchial inflation, sunken cardiac region, curved dorsal rostral spines, short abdominal marginal spines and PL / PCL ratio of 2.0–2.3 (Fig. 14D–F).</p> <p>In the Andaman waters, the single male in the 80–90 mm size-class was characterized by sinuous carapace lateral margins, distinct branchial inflation, sunken cardiac region, curved dorsal rostral spines, short abdominal marginal spines and PL/PCL ratio of 2.4–2.5.</p> <p>In conclusion:</p> <p>a. The largest males (80–90 mm) were generally characterized by curved dorsal rostral spines, short abdominal marginal spines and PL/PCL ratio&gt; 1.9.</p> <p>b. High variability in the morphological characters among the males in the 50–60 mm size-class, as well as both the sexes in the 60–70 mm and 70–80 mm size-classes.</p> <p>c. All females were characterized by a lower PL/PCL ratio compared to the males in their corresponding sizeclasses.</p> <p>Genetic data. COI sequence GenBank accession number: MW118601. 16S rRNA GenBank accession number MW369444.</p> <p>Remarks. Paralomis indica was originally described by Alcock &amp; Anderson (1899) from a small-sized juvenile male collected in the southeastern Arabian Sea and illustrated by Alcock (1899: pl. 43, fig. 2, 2a) (Fig. 12); the present study provides the second record of this species to date. This species was defined by “vesiculous, pustulous and conical tubercles of various sizes” on the carapace and a “trifid” rostrum “with a pair of denticles at base”. The holotype deposited in the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata was not available for comparison despite several requests. The juvenile male (27.1 mm PCL) in the present collection resembles the description and illustrations of the type specimen in possessing the distinctly inflated branchial regions, sunken narrow cardiac region, and the ornamentation on the carapace and abdomen comprising conical tubercles of various sizes, and the shape of the rostrum. It is briefly noted here that the short left pereopod 3 and 4 illustrated by Alcock (1899: pl. 43 fig. 2) (Fig. 12) are surely due to the regeneration after autotomy.</p> <p>This species differs from all its congeners in having a broad pyriform carapace (approaching a globose shape). The only congeneric species to some extent resembling P. indica is P. danida Takeda &amp; Bussarawit, 2007 from the eastern Andaman Sea. The morphological comparison with the latter species by Takeda &amp; Bussarawit (2007) was based on the type material of P. indica largely comprising juveniles. However, with the availability of large-sized adults (max. 91.2 mm PCL, 102.4 mm CW from the Andaman waters) during the present study, the morphological differences between the two congeners are: (1) broadly pyriform carapace covered with well-spaced larger tubercles in P. indica (Fig. 6) [vs. sub-pentagonal carapace with relatively closely-spaced short, prickle-like tubercles in the latter species (Takeda &amp; Bussarawit 2007: fig. 2A)]; (2) posteriorly constricted gastric region [vs. posteriorly wide gastric region (Takeda &amp; Bussarawit 2007: fig. 2A)]; (3) the antennal scaphocerite not reaching the apex of antennal peduncle (Fig. 8C) [vs. scaphocerite overreaching in the latter species (Takeda &amp; Bussarawit 2007: fig. 4C)]; and (4) comparatively less tuberculose abdomen [vs. densely tuberculose abdomen in the latter species (Takeda &amp; Bussarawit 2007: fig. 3B)].</p> <p>TABLE 1. Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) pair wise analysis based estimated intra genus genetic variation among COI sequences of species of Paralomis.</p> <p>TABLE 2. Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) pair wise analysis based estimated intra genus genetic variation among 16S rRNA sequences of species of Paralomis.</p> <p>Distribution. Southeastern Arabian Sea off Trivandrum at 786 m depth (Alcock &amp; Anderson 1899), 610 and 1065 m depths (present study), off North Kerala at 326 and 449 m; western Bay of Bengal at 645, 654 and 777 m off Pondicherry, 550, 643 and 655 off Andhra Pradesh coast (present study); Andaman waters off Great Nicobar Island at 337 m (present study). The known geographical range now extends eastwards to the Bay of Bengal and Andaman waters.</p> <p>Genetic analysis. The maximum likelihood clustering approaches using mitochondrial COI revealed that P. indica is genetically distant from all other species and shows a minimum K2P genetic distance of 11.0% with Paralomis granulosa, and maximum K2P gentic distance of 13.7% with P. ceres. Paralomis ceres shows a minimum K2P genetic distance of 6.8% with P. birsteini and a maximum K2P distance of 12.9% with P. dofleini (Table 1).</p> <p>Similarly, the ML tree constructed using 16S rRNA revealed that P. indica is genetically distant from all other species and shows a with minimum K2P genetic distance of 1.9% with Paralomis dofleini, and maximum distance of 3.5% with P. spinosissima. Paralomis ceres is closer to P. anamerae with a minimum gentic distance of 0.9% and a maximum genetic distance of 2.9% with P. zealandica (Table 2).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3501FFF9CFFBCFF7FFBFADB6701BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tiwari, Shivam;Padate, Vinay P.;Venugopalan, Vishnu K.;Cubelio, Sherine Sonia;Takeda, Masatsune	Tiwari, Shivam, Padate, Vinay P., Venugopalan, Vishnu K., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Paralomis White, 1856 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from India, with morphological variability in Paralomis indica Alcock & Anderson, 1899. Zootaxa 5091 (2): 301-329, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.4
03D3501FFF8CFFBEFF7FFA67DD840273.text	03D3501FFF8CFFBEFF7FFA67DD840273.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralomis White 1856	<div><p>Key to the species of the genus Paralomis from the Indian Ocean</p> <p>1. Carapace ornamented with unequal granules.......................................................... P. stella</p> <p>- Carapace ornamented with spines or tubercles.............................................................. 2</p> <p>2. Carapace ornamented with spines........................................................................ 3</p> <p>- Carapace ornamented with tubercles...................................................................... 7</p> <p>3. Carapace densely covered with slender erect spines.......................................................... 4</p> <p>- Carapace sparsely covered with small scattered granules and short spines......................................... 5</p> <p>4. Pereopod 2–4 meri long, slender, P4 merus at least 0.85 PCL; abdominal somites 3–6 densely covered with short spines and acute granule................................................................................. P. taylorae</p> <p>- Pereopod 2–4 meri short, P4 merus &lt;0.75 PCL; abdominal somites 4–6 with well-spaced granules and nodules.... P. poorei</p> <p>5. Pereopod 2–4 dactyli shorter than dorsal extensor margin of respective propodi, carapace with well-spaced unequal-sized conical spines................................................................................. P. staplesi</p> <p>- Pereopod 2–4 dactyli longer than dorsal extensor margin of respective propodi, carapace sparsely tuberculate or granulate, with several small conical spines............................................................................. 6</p> <p>6. Pereopod 3 propodus length: height ratio&gt; 6.2 in males,&gt; 7.3 in females................................. P. birsteini</p> <p>- Pereopod 3 propodus length: height ratio ≤ 5.5 in males, &lt;5.6 in females............................. P. gowlettholmes</p> <p>7. Rostrum with unpaired dorsal median spinule; carapace with spiniform tubercles........................... P. aculeata</p> <p>- Rostrum without unpaired dorsal median spinule, carapace with papilliform, rounded or conical tubercles............... 8</p> <p>8. Rostrum without basal spines; carapace with several rounded tubercles................................. P. roeleveldae</p> <p>- Rostrum with basal spines; carapace with papilliform or conical tubercles........................................ 9</p> <p>9. Carapace with papilliform tubercles...................................................................... 10</p> <p>- Carapace with conical tubercles......................................................................... 11</p> <p>10. Carapace with 2 spines on anterior branchial margins.................................................... P. ceres</p> <p>- Carapace with several unequal-sized spines on branchial margins................................... P. investigatoris</p> <p>11. Carapace pyriform, branchial regions distinctly inflated................................................. P. indica</p> <p>- Carapace pentagonal, branchial margins weakly inflated................................................ P. danida</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3501FFF8CFFBEFF7FFA67DD840273	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tiwari, Shivam;Padate, Vinay P.;Venugopalan, Vishnu K.;Cubelio, Sherine Sonia;Takeda, Masatsune	Tiwari, Shivam, Padate, Vinay P., Venugopalan, Vishnu K., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Paralomis White, 1856 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from India, with morphological variability in Paralomis indica Alcock & Anderson, 1899. Zootaxa 5091 (2): 301-329, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.4
