taxonID	type	description	language	source
038C87FEFFB1FF90FF6FFA429D52AFBC.taxon	description	Figure 3 Description: Male. Upperside. Compared to the nominate subspecies distributed in Indochina, southern China, the new taxon has a darker tinge of the wing pattern colouration. It also has smaller size and darker ground colour. The whitish area has slight creamy tint. Broad marginal and postdiscal black bands fused broadly at veins 2 - 4. Hindwing has the broad black marginal border and broad gray submarginal area extending to the apical portion. The features listed above are the main characters of the new subspecies. Underside. Generally, forewing pattern and colouration similar to that on upperside. The submarginal black bands on the hindwing are yellow-white strips exceed 2 nd veins in most individuals. Forewing length: J 36.2 – 41.3 mm (n = 12, avg. 38.9 mm). Female is unknown.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB1FF90FF6FFA429D52AFBC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. There are a number of distinctive features for subspecies of G. antiphates. For example, 1. Shape and size of black markings within discal cell and postdiscal and marginal bands on the upper surface of the forewing; 2. Ground color of upperside on both wings; 3. Size of gray dust subterminal area on the upperside of hindwing; 4. Submarginal blackish spots in cells 4 to 8 on the upper surface of hindwing. The new subspecies may easily to be distinguished from other subspecies by the prominent broad gray subterminal border on the upperside of the hindwing which is extended from cell 2 to cell 7. In other subspecies the gray patch is usually restricted by cell 2 - 4. Upperside forewing with broad terminal and subterminal bands fuse at cell 3, while in other subspecies they are usually separated.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB1FF90FF6FFA429D52AFBC.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype (HT). J S. Vietnam, Kien Giang province, Phu Quoc Is., Cua Duong commune, Suoi Da Ban, 29. XII. 2015, T. Saito leg. Paratypes (PT). 11 J, from the same locality as HT; 1 J 19. XI. 2006, H. Matsui leg., 2 J 22. XI. 2013 T. Saito leg., 4 J 29. IV. 2014 T. Saito leg., 1 J 5. VII. 2013 T. Saito leg., 1 J 3. III. 2014 T. Saito leg., 1 J 27. XII. 2014 T. Saito leg., 1 J 1. VII. 2015 T. Saito leg.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB1FF90FF6FFA429D52AFBC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The subspecific name is dedicated to Mr. Hiroshi Matsui who collected the specimen o f this taxon for the first time.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB3FF90FF6FFD909F85A8D1.taxon	description	Figure 4 Description: Female. Upperside. Both wings ground colour uniformly dark brown. Forewing: Postdiscal band consists of series of dull whitish spots extending from cell 1 b to cell 7; subapical spots in cells 5 and 6 very small and dark; postdiscal spots in cells 1 and 4 are barely visible; distal part of discal cell slightly paler. Hindwing: Series of postdiscal spots and markings absent; submarginal and postdiscal fasciae well developed. Underside. Postdiscal bands are located inside from outer edge. Male. Upperside: Both wings uniformly dark brown; marginal border on the hindwing pale blue. Underside both wing patterns similar to the continental populations. Forewing length. J 29 – 33.7 mm (n = 15, avg. 32.1 mm); ♀ 36.1 – 40.4 mm (n = 15, avg. 38.1 mm).	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB3FF90FF6FFD909F85A8D1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Both sexes of the new subspecies are distinguished with continental subspecies Tanaecia julii indochinensis (Fruhstorfer, 1905) (Type locality: Tonkin = northern Vietnam) and other taxa by the darker brown ground colour and dull wing markings. Size of males and females varies but on average it is the same as that of subspecies indochinensis (J 29 – 34 mm; ♀ 37 – 41 mm) (Monastyrskii, 2019). Males of different subspecies distributed in adjacent areas have very similar patterns. The most distinctive character is size of subapical spots in the forewing of female that is much smaller than in ssp. indochinensis. However in subspecies T. j. xiphones (Butler, 1869) (TL: Myanmar) and subspecies T. j. appiades (Ménétriés, 1857) (TL: Sikkim) subapical spots on the forewing are also very small. Similar small subapical spots and dark brown ground colour are characteristics in females of subspecies mansori Yokochi, 1993 (TL: Langkawi Is), subspecies irma (Fruhstorfer, 1905) (Bawean Is) and subspecies bougainville (Corbet, 1941) (TL: W. Malaysia). However, the females of the new subspecies have much darker ground colour.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB3FF90FF6FFD909F85A8D1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. ♀ S. Vietnam, Kien Giang province, Phu Quoc Is., Ganh Dau Commune, Suoi Ganh Dau 29. XII. 2015, T. Saito leg. Paratypes: 15 J 14 ♀ Suoi Ganh Dau 1 J, 29. XII. 2015, T. Saito leg., 1 ♀ 3. VII. 2015, T. Saito leg., 1 ♀ 4. VII. 2015, T. Saito leg., 1 ♀, 25. XII. 2015, T. Saito leg., Suoi Tranh 2 J 2 ♀, 21. XI. 2013, T. Saito leg., 1 J 19. XI. 2006, I. Nihira leg., Suoi Da Ban 3 J 1 ♀, 29. III. 2014, T. Saito leg., 1 J, 23. XI. 2013, T. Saito leg., 3 J 3 ♀, 27. XII. 2015, T. Saito leg., 2 ♀, 30. III. 2014, T. Saito leg., 1 ♀, 28. XII. 2014, T. Saito leg., 1 J, 29. XII. 2015, T. Saito leg., 1 J, 28. XII. 2017, T. Saito leg., Duong Dong town; 1 J, 20. XI. 2006, I. Nihira leg., Bai Thom; 2 J, 2. VII. 2015, T. Saito leg., Lam Ha Resort; 1 ♀, 4. VII. 2015, T. Saito leg., Am Su Muon; 1 ♀, 29. XII. 2014, T. Saito leg.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB3FF90FF6FFD909F85A8D1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is dedicated to the son of the second author.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB3FF95FF6FF93C9F5DAA7C.taxon	description	Figure 5 Description: Male. Upperside. Both wings have velvety brownish to black ground colour with broad and very dark greenish gray submarginal border on the hindwing continued along the marginal edge of forewing where it gradually narrows from tornus to apex. Underside. Both wings ground colour dark grayish brown with purple marginal area on forewing and grayish marginal border on hindwing; forewing with black prominent submarginal fascia and discreet broad black discal fascia; hindwing with well developed postdiscal and submarginal black fasciae. Female. Upperside. Both wings ground colour dark velvety brownish to black; hindwing with broad very dark gray submarginal border and blackish marginal area; series of whitish discal spots in cells 2 - 6 is absent, though there are two barely noticeable discal spots in cells 5 and 6. Underside. Both wings ground colour brownish with yellowish tinge in basal, subbasal and discal areas; submarginal and marginal areas grayish purple; both wing with broad black discal fascia and prominent submarginal fascia; series of paler discal spots reduced to small dark yellowish spots in cells 5 and 6. Forewing length. J 29.4 – 33.5 mm (n = 8, avg. 31.7 mm); ♀ 33.9 – 40.4 mm (n = 10, avg. 37.3 mm).	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB3FF95FF6FF93C9F5DAA7C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The discovery of Cynitia lepidea population on the Phu Quoc Island is of considerable scientific interest. It is well known that the range of this species is restricted to continental part of South-East Asia. It is noteworthy that this species has not yet been found either on oceanic islands (Andamans, Nicobars), nor on islands of mainland origin such as Hainan, Taiwan, Con Sean, Tioman, Aur, Langkawi and some small islands situated in the Gulf of Thailand. Unlike continental populations of C. lepidea, the population on Phu Quoc Island is characterized by a darker, almost black colour of the upperside of the wings. This is especially true for females, whose colour on the continent is lighter and often accompanied by a pattern of light spots on the upper surface of the wings (subspecies lepidea Butler; cognata Moore; flaminia Fruhstorfer; penerka Talbot & Corbet). Females of the new taxon have barely noticeable light spots in cells 5 and 6. Thus, the combination of the dark, almost black ground colour of the wings with other elements of the pattern that also have a dark shade or absent (e. g. discal spots on the upper surface of the forewing) allows us to recognize this taxon as previously unknown and judge it the status of a new subspecies.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB3FF95FF6FF93C9F5DAA7C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. ♀ S. Vietnam, Kien Giang province, Phu Quoc Is., Ganh Dau Commune, Suoi Ganh Dau 3. VII. 2015 T. Saito leg.; Paratypes. 8 J 10 ♀, Suoi Ganh Dau 1 ♀ 3. VII. 2015 T. Saito leg., 3 ♀ 29. XII. 2015 T. Saito leg., 1 J 28. XII. 2015 T. Saito leg., 1 J 1 ♀ 4. VII. 2015 T. Saito leg., Suoi Da Ban 2 J 27. XII. 2014 T. Saito leg., 1 ♀ 23. XI. 2013 T. Saito leg., 1 J 28. XII. 2014 T. Saito leg., 1 J 30. III. 2014 T. Saito leg., 1 J 25. XII. 2017 T. Saito leg., 1 ♀ 29. III. 2014 T. Saito leg., 1 ♀ 27. XII. 2014 T. Saito leg., Duong Dong town 1 J 20. XI. 2006 I. Nihira leg., Suoi Tranh 1 ♀ 21. XI. 2013 T. Saito leg., Bai Thom 1 ♀ 5. I. 2014 T. Saito leg.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB3FF95FF6FF93C9F5DAA7C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named after the type locality, Phu Quoc Island.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB6FF9BFF6FFB509918AF2D.taxon	description	Figure 6 Description: Male. Upperside. Both wings ground colour is black. Series of discal yellowish spots well developed and similar to the male patterns in other subspecies; this discal band slightly narrower. Blackish submarginal band on both wings obscure. Underside: both wings have dark brown ground colour with dark blackish stains at different areas; series of discal whitish spots narrower than in other subspecies but somewhat similar to that in subspecies g oodrichi (Distant, 1886). Female. Upperside. Both wings ground colour is dark blackish brown. Forewing: Series of discal whitish spots extends from cell 2 to 6; whitish spots in cells 2 to 4 much smaller than elongated spots in cells 5 and 6. Submarginal black fascia includes separated black spots in cells 1 b to 6. Hindwing: Series of whitish discal spots reduced to dot like spots only in cells 5 - 7; submarginal black fascia is divided into black arrow-shaped spots in cells 1 a to 7. Underside. Both wings ground colour is grayish brown with blurred areas of blackish hue. Forewing with series of separated whitish spots in cells 1 b to 6; elongated spots in cells 5 and 6 larger; submarginal fascia obscure and blackish markings reduced to small dots. Hindwing with rather distinct but thin whitish discal band; submarginal black fascia reduced into separate small black strokes. Forewing length. J 32.4 – 35.3 mm (n = 3, avg. 33.9 mm); ♀ 39.8 – 45.2 mm (n = 7, avg. 43.0 mm).	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB6FF9BFF6FFB509918AF2D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The population of males from Phu Quoc Is reveals similarity to males of other known subspecies, such as teuta, gupta, goodrichi, rayana etc. It is quite difficult to distinguish the features by which it is possible to separate males of a new taxon. Among such characters, we can note the blacker colour of the upperside of both wings; the absence of submarginal black fasciae on the upper surface of the wings, as well as smaller whitish spots of the disc stripe. The greatest differences from other subspecies of Bassarona teuta is demonstrated by the population of females. Dark brown, almost black ground colour of the upper surface of both wings, as well as the reduction of the number and size of whitish discal spots are the main features of the new taxon.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
038C87FEFFB6FF9BFF6FFB509918AF2D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. ♀ S. Vietnam, Kien Giang province, Phu Quoc Is., Ganh Dau Commune, Suoi Ganh Dau 4. VII. 2015 T. Saito leg. Paratypes: 3 J 6 ♀, same location as Holotype, 3 J 3 ♀ 4. VII. 2015 T. Saito leg., 2 ♀ 3. VII. 2015 T. Saito leg., 1 ♀ 5. VII. 2015 T. Saito leg. Etymology. The subspecific name is dedicated to Mrs. Anh, who is the wife of the second author. Depositary. The holotypes of four subspecies are deposited in the Research Institute of Evolution Biology in Tokyo, Japan. The Paratypes are deposited in the Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Hanoi, Vietnam.	en	Tamamitsu, Saito, Lien, Vu Van (2023): Four new subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Phu Quoc Island, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 5293 (1): 161-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.7
