identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038A8789FFA1FFC016FE596BC0F8FF59.text	038A8789FFA1FFC016FE596BC0F8FF59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luthela Xu & Yu & Liu & Li 2022	<div><p>Genus Luthela Xu &amp; Li, gen. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Luthela yiyuan sp. nov.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of Luthela can be distinguished from those of Songthela Ono, 2000 by the contrategular margin having regular larger teeth (Figs 3D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 10H, 12D, 14D); from those of the other genera of Heptathelinae by the conductor with a smooth surface, and with two long spines, upper and lower ones (Figs 3D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 10H, 12D, 14D). Luthela females differ from those of Songthela by the middle receptacular clusters having shorter stalks (Figs 4, 5H, 6H–J, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14H–M); from those of the other genera of Heptathelinae by the positions of two pairs of the receptacular clusters: middle ones situated at anterior margin of bursa copulatrix and lateral ones situated at dorsolateral position of bursa copulatrix (Figs 4, 5H, 6H–J, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14H–M).</p> <p>Description. Male body length, 12.5–18.6 (N = 18), female, 12.5–27.0 (N = 85); male palpal conductor with a smooth surface, and with two long spines, upper and lower ones (Figs 3D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 10H, 12D, 14D); contrategular margin with regular teeth (Figs 3D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 10H, 12D, 14D); tegulum with three distinct apophyses (Figs 3C, 5F, 6E, 7F, 10F, 12F, 14F); female genitalia with two paired receptacular clusters, middle ones situated at anterior margin of bursa copulatrix with tubular stalks, and lateral ones situated more dorsolaterally (Figs 4, 5H, 6H–J, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14H–M).</p> <p>Etymology. The genus name is created by a combination of ‘Lu-’, referring to Shandong Province, China, and ‘thela’, referring to spinnerets as the Greek word thele means nipple-like protuberance (Ono 2000). The gender is feminine.</p> <p>Composition. L. yiyuan sp. nov. (type species), L. luotianensis (Yin et al., 2002), comb. nov., L. schensiensis (Schenkel, 1953), comb. nov., L. badong sp. nov., L. dengfeng sp. nov., L. handan sp. nov., L. taian sp. nov., L. yuncheng sp. nov.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shandong, Shaanxi, and Shanxi Provinces).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFA1FFC016FE596BC0F8FF59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
038A8789FFA6FFC216FE5D2DC547FEC6.text	038A8789FFA6FFC216FE5D2DC547FEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luthela yiyuan Xu & Yu & Liu & Li 2022	<div><p>Luthela yiyuan sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 3A–K, 4O–T)</p> <p>Sinothela sinensis: Xu et al., 2015a: 139; misidentification.</p> <p>Holotype. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.152" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.334/lat 36.152)">Male</a> (XUX-2012-051, matured on 29 July 2012 at CBEE), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.152" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.334/lat 36.152)">Shiqiao Town</a>, Yiyuan County, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China, 36.152°N, 118.334°E, 275 m, collected on 1 May 2012, by F.X. Liu, Z.L. Liu, and X. Xu, CBEE.</p> <p>Paratypes. 3 females (XUX-2012-046/049/050) and 1 male (XUX-2012-045, matured on 29 July 2012 at CBEE), same data as the holotype; 6 females (XUX-2012-034/035/036/037/040/042, XUX-2012-036 matured on 10 July 2012 at CBEE), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.611/lat 36.728)">Puji Town</a>, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China, 36.728°N, 117.611°E, 100 m, collected on 30 April 2012; 1 female (XUX-2016-096), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.674" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.553/lat 36.674)">Hushan</a> forestry station, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China, 36.674°N, 117.553°E, 184 m, collected on 5 August 2016; 2 females (XUX-2016-097/099), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.728" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.613/lat 36.728)">Puji Town</a>, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China, 36.728°N, 117.613°E, 106 m, collected on 7 August 2016; 10 females (XUX-2016-100/101/102/103/104/105/106/ 107/108/109), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.428&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.669" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.428/lat 36.669)">Zhangqiu City</a>, Shandong Province, China, 36.669°N, 117.428°E, 103 m, collected on 8 August 2016, by F. Li, F.X. Liu, H. Liu, and Z. T. Zhang. All in CBEE.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of L. yiyuan sp. nov. resemble those of L. schensiensis and L. yuncheng sp. nov., but can be distinguished from those of L. schensiensis by the tegulum having a slightly larger terminal apophysis, and the embolus with less longitudinal ribs retrolaterally (Fig. 3J, 3K); from those of L. yuncheng sp. nov. by the marginal tegular apophysis and the dorsal extension of the terminal apophysis of the tegulum having irregular teeth (Fig. 3G, 3K); from those of L. dengfeng sp. nov. by the conductor having a longer lower spine (Fig. 3G, 3K); from those of L. handan sp. nov. by contrategulum margin having slightly small teeth (Fig. 3D, 3K); from those of L. badong sp. nov. and L. taian sp. nov. by the conductor with a small middle spine (Fig. 3A–G). Females of L. yiyuan sp. nov. differ from those of L. dengfeng sp. nov. by the bases of middle receptacular clusters being close to each other (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace brown; opisthosoma light brown, with dark brown tergites; sternum narrow, much longer than wide; few long pointed hairs over ocular mound in longitudinal row; chelicerae robust, promargin of groove with 11 denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, the second to fifth larger than others and the others small; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 16.40, CL 6.65, CW 5.50, OL 8.80, OW 6.20; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; leg I 18.40 (5.45 + 2.30+ 3.65 + 4.70 + 2.30), leg II 18.10 (5.00 + 2.35 + 3.45 + 4.70 + 2.60), leg III 19.55 (4.95 + 2.35+ 3.50 + 5.60 + 3.15), leg IV 24.60 (6.25 + 2.50 + 4.80 + 7.55 + 3.50).</p> <p>Palp: Prolateral paracymbium unpigmented and unsclerotized, numerous setae and spines at tip of paracymbium (Fig. 3A–C). Contrategulum with 7 or 8 teeth along margin, distal tooth with 3 serrations (Fig. 3D, 3H). Tegulum with irregular dentate marginal apophysis, irregular dorsal extension of terminal apophysis, and smooth terminal apophysis (Fig. 3G, 3K). Conductor situated ventro-proximally on embolus, with two long spines, upper one fits to furrow of embolus, lower one pointed to contrategulum, and one small tooth situated at between two long spines, and close to upper one (Fig. 3A–G), or an inconspicuous tooth located at the middle of two long spines (Fig. 3H–J). Embolus largely sclerotized, with a flat opening and several longitudinal ribs retrolaterally (Fig. 3D, 3K).</p> <p>Female (XUX-2012-035). Carapace reddish brown; opisthosoma light brown, with brown tergites; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 10–11 strong denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, similar to male; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 21.70, CL 8.40, CW 8.10, OL 12.90, OW 12.20; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; palp 16.40 (5.20 + 2.90 + 3.90 + 4.40), leg I 17.90 (5.60 + 3.30 + 3.40 + 3.70 + 1.90), leg II 16.40 (4.50 + 3.20 + 3.10 + 3.50 + 2.10), leg III 18.40 (5.40 + 3.20 + 3.00 + 4.40 + 2.40), leg IV 27.60 (7.90 + 3.90 + 4.80 + 7.40 + 3.60).</p> <p>Genitalia: Posterior margin of genital sternite slightly incurved, two pairs of receptacular clusters similar-sized, middle ones with stalks, close to each other (Fig. 4A–M), or fused together as one large receptacular cluster (Fig. 4N, 4O), situated at anterior margin of bursa copulatrix, lateral ones situated at slightly dorsolateral position of bursa copulatrix with inconspicuous stalks (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the type locality.</p> <p>Distribution. Shandong Province (Zhangqiu, Zibo)</p> <p>Remarks. Males and females vary in body size: males (N = 2): BL 14.75–16.40, CL 6.35–6.65, CW 5.50–5.85, OL 7.40–8.80, OW 5.00–6.20; females (N = 22): BL 16.70–24.90, CL 8.00–10.75, CW 7.10–8.90, OL 8.80–13.40, OW 6.90–13.20. There was intraspecific variation in male and female genital morphology and molecular markers. For male genitalia, the conductor has a small middle spine close to the upper spine (Fig. 3A–G), or an inconspicuous middle spine close to the lower spine (Fig. 3H). For female genitalia, the posterior margin of genital sternite was slightly incurved (Fig. 4F, 4G, 4I, 4J, 4P, 4Q) or straight (Fig. 4H, 4R–T); there were two pairs of receptacular clusters or the middle ones were fused as a large one (Fig. 4N, 4O).</p> <p>Intraspecific genetic distance is between 0% and 3.4% based on the K2P substitution model and COI nucleotide sequences (N = 21, including juveniles). The GenBank accession code of the holotype (XUX-2012-051) is MH172727.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFA6FFC216FE5D2DC547FEC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
038A8789FFA4FFCC16FE59EDC79AFC9A.text	038A8789FFA4FFCC16FE59EDC79AFC9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luthela badong Xu & Yu & Liu & Li 2022	<div><p>Luthela badong sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 5A–I)</p> <p>Holotype. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.318&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.28" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.318/lat 31.28)">Male</a> (XUX-2012-140), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.318&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.28" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.318/lat 31.28)">Quankou Village</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.318&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.28" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.318/lat 31.28)">Yanduhe Town</a>, Badong County, Enshi, Hubei Province, China, 31.280°N, 110.318°E, 275 m, collected on 18 August 2012 by F.X. Liu, X.Y. Wang, and X. Xu, CBEE.</p> <p>Paratype. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.303&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.286" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.303/lat 31.286)">Female</a> (XUX-2012-141), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.303&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.286" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.303/lat 31.286)">Mashan Village</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.303&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.286" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.303/lat 31.286)">Yanduhe Town</a>, Badong County, Enshi, Hubei Province, China, 31.286°N, 110.303°E, 450 m, collected on 18 August 2012 by F.X. Liu, X.Y. Wang, and X. Xu, CBEE.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male of L. badong sp. nov. can be distinguished from that of L. dengfeng sp. nov. by the conductor having two slender shorter spines, and a larger angle between lower spine and conductor (Fig. 5D–G), and the contrategulum with four larger teeth (Fig. 5D); from those of the other Luthela species by the conductor having only two large spines, upper and lower ones (Fig. 5A–G). The female of L. badong sp. nov. differs from those of L. dengfeng sp. nov., L. handan sp. nov., and L. taian sp. nov. by the two pairs of similar-sized receptacular clusters (Fig. 5H); from those of L. schensiensis and L. yiyuan sp. nov. by the middle receptacular clusters with slender stalks (Fig. 5H); from those of L. luotianensis and L. yuncheng sp. nov. by the bases of the middle receptacular clusters being close to each other (Fig. 5H).</p> <p>Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace reddish brown; opisthosoma brown, with brown tergites; sternum narrow, much longer than wide; few long pointed hairs running over ocular mound in longitudinal row; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 9 denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, the second to fifth larger than others and others small; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 12.51, CL 6.32, CW 5.89, OL 6.10, OW 3.90; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; leg I 19.47 (5.45 + 2.55 + 3.92 + 4.90 + 2.65), leg II 19.50 (4.95 + 2.50 + 3.65 + 5.35 + 3.05), leg III 20.36 (5.00 + 2.28 + 3.70 + 6.18 + 3.20), leg IV 26.70 (6.45 + 2.65 + 5.25 + 8.40 + 3.95).</p> <p>Palp: Paracymbium unpigmented and unsclerotized on prolateral side, numerous setae and spines located at tip of paracymbium (Fig. 5A–C). Contrategulum with 4 distinct teeth along the margin (Fig. 5D), and distal one with 3 serrations (Fig. 5F). Marginal apophysis and dorsal extension of terminal apophysis of tegulum serrated, and terminal apophysis of tegulum smooth (Fig. 5E–G). Conductor situated ventro-proximally on embolus, with two large spines, upper one parallel to embolus, lower one slender and short (Fig. 5D–G). Embolus largely sclerotized, with flat opening and several longitudinal ribs distally (Fig. 5B–D).</p> <p>Female (XUX-2012-141). Carapace and opisthosoma similar to male; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 10 strong denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, similar to male; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 16.50, CL 8.35, CW 6.90, OL 7.21, OW 5.25; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; palp 13.25 (4.45 + 2.45 + 2.80 + 3.55), leg I 15.25 (5.05 + 2.75 + 2.75 + 3.15 + 1.55), leg II 15.25 (4.65 + 2.70 + 2.55 + 3.45 + 1.90), leg III 15.87 (4.35 + 2.75 + 2.55 + 4.02 + 2.20), leg IV 24.25 (6.50 + 3.55 + 4.20 + 6.50 + 3.50).</p> <p>Genitalia: Posterior margin of genital sternite incurved (Fig. 5H, 5I), two paired receptacular clusters, middle ones with slender stalks, and bases of middle stalks close to each other, situated at anterior margin of bursa copulatrix, lateral ones situated at dorsolateral position of bursa copulatrix with inconspicuous stalks (Fig. 5H).</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the type locality.</p> <p>Distribution. Hubei Province (Badong).</p> <p>Remarks. There is no intraspecific variation between the COI nucleotide sequences of the male and female. The GenBank accession code of the holotype (XUX-2012-140) is KP229863.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFA4FFCC16FE59EDC79AFC9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
038A8789FFAAFFCE16FE5F18C09AFDC2.text	038A8789FFAAFFCE16FE5F18C09AFDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luthela dengfeng Xu & Yu & Liu & Li 2022	<div><p>Luthela dengfeng sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 6A–M)</p> <p>Holotype. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.511" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.95/lat 34.511)">Male</a> (XUX-2012-031, matured on 29 July 2012 at CBEE), Shaolin Temple, Dengfeng City, Henan Province, China, 34.511°N, 112.950°E, 568 m, collected on 27 April 2012 by F.X. Liu, Z.L. Liu, and X. Xu, CBEE.</p> <p>Paratypes. 2 females (XUX-2012-023/030), same data as for holotype; 1 female (XUX-2016-111) same data as for holotype, collected on 23 August 2016 by F. Li, F.X. Liu, H. Liu, and Z. T. Zhang, CBEE.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male of L. dengfeng sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of L. badong sp. nov. and L. taian sp. nov. by the conductor having one inconspicuous middle spine (Fig. 6D–G), and from that of L. badong sp. nov. by the conductor with two thicker spines; from those of all the other Luthela species by the conductor with a short lower spine, and a smaller angle between lower spine and conductor (Fig. 6D–G). Females of L. dengfeng sp. nov. differ from those of L. badong sp. nov., L. luotianensis, and L. yuncheng sp. nov. by the middle receptacular clusters being smaller than lateral ones (Fig. 6H–J); from those of L. schensiensis and L. yiyuan sp. nov. by the bases of the middle receptacular clusters separated from each other (Fig. 6H); from those of L. handan sp. nov. and L. taian sp. nov. by the middle receptacular clusters with slender and slightly longer stalks (Fig. 6H–M).</p> <p>Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace brown; opisthosoma light brown, with dark brown tergites; sternum narrow, much longer than wide; a few long pointed hairs running over ocular mound in a longitudinal row; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 9–10 denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, the second to fifth larger than others and the others small; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 12.50, CL 6.00, CW 5.40, OL 6.90, OW 5.00; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; leg I 17.35 (5.10 + 2.35 + 3.55 + 4.05 + 2.30), leg II miss, leg III 18.10 (4.40 + 2.35 + 3.25 + 5.20 + 2.90), leg IV 23.95 (5.55 + 2.45 + 4.45 + 7.65 + 3.85).</p> <p>Palp: Prolateral paracymbium unpigmented and unsclerotized, numerous setae and spines at tip of paracymbium (Fig. 6A–C). Contrategulum with 6 teeth along the margin (Fig. 6D), and distal one with 4 serrations. Marginal apophysis of tegulum with several serrations proximally and smooth distally, dorsal extension of terminal apophysis of tegulum with irregular serrations, and terminal apophysis of tegulum smooth, triangle-shaped (Fig. 6F, 6G). Conductor situated ventro-proximally on embolus, with two large spines, upper one parallel to embolus, the angle between lower one and conductor about 30 ventrally (Fig. 6B, 4E), and one inconspicuous spine located at between two large spines (Fig. 6D–G). Embolus largely sclerotized, with a flat opening and several longitudinal ribs retrolaterally (Fig. 6A, 6D, 6G).</p> <p>Female (XUX-2012-030). Carapace and opisthosoma similar to male; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 10–11 strong denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, similar to male; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 17.80, CL 6.90, CW 6.60, OL 11.30, OW 10.20; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; palp 11.20 (3.90 + 1.80 + 2.60 + 2.90), leg I 13.70 (4.60 + 1.90 + 2.80 + 2.70 + 1.70), leg II 12.90 (4.00 + 2.20 + 2.40 + 2.50 + 1.80), leg III 13.90 (4.30 + 2.20 + 2.40 + 3.10 + 1.90), leg IV 21.00 (5.90 + 2.80 + 3.80 + 5.70 + 2.80).</p> <p>Genitalia: Posterior margin of genital sternite slightly incurved (Fig. 6H–J), two pairs of receptacular clusters, middle ones smaller than lateral ones with slender stalks, separated from each other basally, and situated at anterior margin of bursa copulatrix, lateral ones situated at slightly dorsolateral position of bursa copulatrix with short thick stalks (Fig. 6H–M).</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the type locality.</p> <p>Distribution. Henan Province (Dengfeng)</p> <p>Remarks. Female variation (N = 3): BL 17.80–21.30, CL 6.90–8.40, CW 6.60–7.80, OL 11.30–12.60, OW 10.20–11.20. No intraspecific variation was found among the COI nucleotide sequences of seven specimens (including juveniles). The GenBank accession code of the holotype (XUX-2012-031) is MH172686.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFAAFFCE16FE5F18C09AFDC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
038A8789FFA8FFCF16FE5EC0C570FCB6.text	038A8789FFA8FFCF16FE5EC0C570FCB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luthela handan Xu & Yu & Liu & Li 2022	<div><p>Luthela handan sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 7, 8)</p> <p>Holotype. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.476&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.76" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.476/lat 36.76)">Male</a> (XUX-2011-214, matured on 10 July 2012 at CBEE), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.476&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.76" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.476/lat 36.76)">Qilidian</a>, Yongnian County, Handan City, Hebei Province, China, 36.760°N, 114.476°E, 58 m, collected on 23 November 2011 by H.Z. Li, F.X. Liu, X.Y. Wang, and X. Xu, CBEE.</p> <p>Paratypes. 4 females (XUX-2011-206/207/208/215, 208 and 215 matured on 10 July 2012 at CBEE) and 1 male (XUX-2011-209, matured on 12 June 2013 at CBEE), same data as for holotype; 3 females (XUX-2011- 202/203/205), nearby Hebei <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.471&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.752" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.471/lat 36.752)">University of Engineering</a>, Yongnian County, Handan City, Hebei Province, China, 36.752°N, 114.471°E, 66 m, collected on 23 November 2011; 9 females (XUX-2011-217/218/219/220/221/222/ 223/224/227) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.282&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.074" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.282/lat 38.074)">Dongtumen Village</a>, Luquan County, Shijiazhang City, Hebei Province, China, 38.074°N, 114.282°E, 160 m, collected on 25 November 2011, by H.Z. Li, F.X. Liu, X.Y. Wang, and X. Xu. All in CBEE.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of L. handan sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of L. dengfeng sp. nov., L. schensiensis, L. yiyuan sp. nov., and L. yuncheng sp. nov. by the conductor with a longer lower spine, and the dorsal extension of terminal apophysis of tegulum with regular serrations (Fig. 7E–G); from those of L. badong sp. nov. and L. taian sp. nov. by the conductor with small middle spines (Fig. 7B, 7D), and lower spine thicker and longer (Fig. 7E, 7G); Females of L. handan sp. nov. differ from those of L. badong sp. nov., L. luotianensis, L. yiyuan sp. nov., and L. yuncheng sp. nov. by the middle receptacular clusters smaller than lateral ones (Fig. 8A–C, 8G–I); from those of L. schensiensis by the lateral receptacular clusters with slightly longer stalks (Fig. 8J); from those of L. dengfeng sp. nov. and L. taian sp. nov. by the middle receptacular clusters with short stalks and close to each other basally (Fig. 8A–F, 8H, 8I).</p> <p>Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace brown; opisthosoma light brown, with dark brown tergites; sternum narrow, much longer than wide; few long pointed hairs running over ocular mound in longitudinal row; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 10 denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, the second to fifth larger than others and the others small; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 15.55, CL 7.15, CW 6.85, OL 8.35, OW 5.65; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; leg I 19.95 (5.95 + 2.65 + 4.05 + 4.95 + 2.35), leg II 19.95 (5.80 + 2.60 + 3.55 + 5.05 + 2.95), leg III 20.55 (5.05 + 2.70 + 3.55 + 5.90 + 3.35), leg IV 26.65 (6.65 + 3.00 + 5.00 + 8.05 + 3.95).</p> <p>Palp: Prolateral paracymbium unpigmented and unsclerotized, numerous setae and spines at tip of paracymbium (Fig. 7A–C). Contrategulum with 6 teeth along margin, and distal one with 3 serrations (Fig. 7D, 7F). Marginal apophysis of tegulum with few serrations proximally and smooth distally, dorsal extension of terminal apophysis of tegulum with regular serrations, and terminal apophysis of tegulum smooth, thumb-shaped (Fig. 7E–G). Conductor situated ventro-proximally on embolus, with two long spines, upper one parallel to embolus, lower one pointed to proximal of contrategulum, and one or two inconspicuous, small spines situated at middle between two long spines (Fig. 7D–G). Embolus largely sclerotized, with flat opening and several longitudinal ribs retrolaterally (Fig. 7D, 7G).</p> <p>Female (XUX-2011-224). Carapace and opisthosoma light brown; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 9–12 strong denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, similar to male; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 17.35, CL 8.05, CW 6.95, OL 8.65, OW 6.30; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; palp 13.75 (4.65 + 2.40 + 3.10 + 3.60), leg I 15.85 (5.25 + 2.85 + 3.15 + 3.20 + 1.40), leg II 14.75 (4.70 + 2.85 + 2.60 + 3.25 + 1.40), leg III 16.30 (4.50 + 2.65 + 2.75 + 3.95 + 2.45), leg IV 22.45 (4.85 + 3.35 + 4.35 + 6.45 + 3.45).</p> <p>Genitalia: Posterior margin of genital sternite slightly incurved (Fig. 8A–L), two pairs of receptacular clusters, middle ones smaller than lateral ones with slender stalks, separated from each other (Fig. 8B, 8F, 8G–I), situated at anterior margin of bursa copulatrix, lateral ones situated at slightly dorsolateral position of bursa copulatrix with short stalks (Fig. 8C, 8G–I).</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the type locality.</p> <p>Distribution. Hebei Province (Handan, Shijiazhuang)</p> <p>Remarks. Males and females vary in body size: males (N = 2): BL 14.75–16.20, CL 6.35–7.25, CW 5.50–6.85, OL 7.40–8.55, OW 5.00–6.15; females (N = 16): BL 17.35–26.95, CL 8.05–10.15, CW 6.95–9.45, OL 8.65–16.16, OW 6.30–15.35.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation was found in female genital morphology and molecular markers. For female genitalia, the middle receptacular clusters are sclerotized well (Fig. 8A–C), or weakly (Fig. 8G–I); the bases of the middle stalks are fused together (Fig. 8A, 8D), or separated from each other (Fig. 8B, 8C, 8G–L).</p> <p>Intraspecific genetic distance ranges from 0% to 3.5% based on the K2P substitution model and COI nucleotide sequences (N = 14, including juveniles). The GenBank accession code of the holotype (XUX-2011-214) is KP229810.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFA8FFCF16FE5EC0C570FCB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
038A8789FFAEFFCA16FE5AB0C174FEC6.text	038A8789FFAEFFCA16FE5AB0C174FEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luthela luotianensis (Yin, Tang, Zhao & Chen 2002) Xu & Yu & Liu & Li 2022	<div><p>Luthela luotianensis (Yin et al., 2002) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 9A–D)</p> <p>Heptathela luotianensis Yin et al., 2002: 18 (holotype: female, from Luotian, Hubei Province, China, 3048’N, 11524’E, collected by J.Z. Zhao and F.X. Liu on 22–23 October 1978, deposited at College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, type presumed to be lost).</p> <p>Sinothela luotianensis: Xu et al., 2015a: 139.</p> <p>Material examined. 3 females (XUX-2012-079/080/082), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.397&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.397/lat 30.75)">Fengyi’ao Chinese</a> chestnut plantation, Luotian County, Hubei Province, China, 30.750N, 115.397E, 123 m, collected on 8 July, 2012, by F.X. Liu, X.Y. Wang, and X. Xu.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Females of L. luotianensis can be distinguished from those of L. badong sp. nov. by the bases of the middle stalks being separated from each other (Fig. 9A–D); from those of L. dengfeng sp. nov., L. handan sp. nov., and L. taian sp. nov. by the similar-sized receptacular clusters (Fig. 9A, 9C); from those of L. schensiensis and L. yiyuan sp. nov. by the bases of middle stalks separated from each other and slightly slender (Fig. 9A–D); from those of L. yuncheng sp. nov. by obviously incurved posterior margin of genital sternite (Fig. 9B, 9D).</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Redescription. Female (XUX-2012-079). Carapace reddish brown; opisthosoma brown, with brown tergites; sternum narrow, much longer than wide; a few long pointed hairs running over ocular mound in a longitudinal row; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove bearing 9–10 denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, the second to fifth larger than others and the others small; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 12.95, CL 5.95, CW 5.20, OL 6.10, OW 4.85; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; palp 12.70 (4.15 + 2.15 + 2.65 + 3.75), leg I 15.60 (5.05 + 2.65 + 3.05 + 3.05 + 1.80), leg II 15.65 (4.85 + 2.75 + 2.80 + 3.40 + 1.85), leg III 15.85 (4.65 + 2.70 + 2.70 + 3.75 + 2.05), leg IV 23.00 (6.25 + 3.35 + 4.00 + 6.15 + 3.25).</p> <p>Genitalia: Posterior margin of genital sternite obviously incurved (Fig. 9B, 9D), two pairs of receptacular clusters, middle ones situated at anterior margin of bursa copulatrix with slender stalks, separated from each other basally, lateral ones situated at slightly dorsolateral position of bursa copulatrix (Fig. 9A–D).</p> <p>Distribution. Hubei Province (Luotian)</p> <p>Remarks. Females vary in body size: (N = 3): BL 12.95–17.45, CL 5.95–7.55, CW 5.20–7.55, OL 6.10–8.85, OW 4.65–7.05. Since the holotype was lost, we identified the newly collected specimens as L. luotianensis because: (1) the new specimens were collected at the type locality; (2) we compared the newly collected specimens with the original descriptions and illustrations provided by Yin et al. (2002), and found that the body size and the receptacular clusters of newly collected specimens are similar to those of the holotype.</p> <p>Intraspecific genetic distance ranges from 0% to 0.4% based on the K2P substitution model and COI nucleotide sequences (N = 7, including juveniles). The GenBank accession code of XUX-2012-079 is KP229881.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFAEFFCA16FE5AB0C174FEC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
038A8789FFACFFD516FE5DCCC054FCB6.text	038A8789FFACFFD516FE5DCCC054FCB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luthela schensiensis (Schenkel 1953) Xu & Yu & Liu & Li 2022	<div><p>Luthela schensiensis (Schenkel, 1953), comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 10A–K, 11A–P)</p> <p>Liphistius sinensis schensiensis Schenkel,1953: 1 (the subspecies was described based on one female collected from Tongyuanfang, Gaoling, Shaanxi Province, 8 October 1916, deposited at Museum Hoangho-Peiho in Tientsin [corresponding to Huanghebaihe in Tianjin and Yellow River-Haihe River in Tianjin, in Chinese and English, respectively], lost).</p> <p>Liphistius schensiensis: Gertsch, 1967: 115.</p> <p>Heptathela sinensis schensiensis: Haupt, 1983: 285.</p> <p>Heptathela xianensis: Zhu &amp; Wang, 1983: 131; Wang &amp; Zhu, 1984: 403.</p> <p>Heptathela schensiensis: Platnick &amp; Sedgwick, 1984: 4; Song &amp; Haupt, 1984: 447; Song, Zhu &amp; Chen, 1999: 33.</p> <p>Liphistius heyangensis Zhu &amp; Wang, 1984: 251 (holotype: female, from Heyang, Shaanxi Province, 30 June 1982, deposited at Bethune Medical University, now College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, type presumed to be lost). Syn. nov.</p> <p>Abcathela schensiensis: Ono, 2000: 150.</p> <p>Sinothela heyangensi s: Haupt, 2003: 71.</p> <p>Sinothela schensiensis: Haupt, 2003: 71; Xu et al., 2015a: 139.</p> <p>Heptathela heyangensis: Platnick, 1989: 57.</p> <p>Abcathela heyangensis: Ono, 2000: 150.</p> <p>Material examined. 3 males (XUX-2011-241/242/247, matured on 10 July 2012 at CBEE) and 7 females (XUX- 2011-243/245/248/249/251/253/254), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.242" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.155/lat 35.242)">Kangjiapo Village</a>, Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, China, 35.242°N, 110.155E, 730 m, collected on 1 December, 2011; 3 males (XUX-2011-255/264 matured on 10 July 2012, XUX- 2011-263 matured on 13 June 2013, at CBEE) and 10 females (XUX-2011-256–262/265/266/269), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.04&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.546" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.04/lat 35.546)">Quyang Village</a>, Tongyuan, Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province, China, 35.546°N, 109.040E, 390 m, collected on 2 December, 2011; 1 male (XUX-2011-273, matured on 10 July 2012 at CBEE), 34.493°N, 108.806E, 374 m, and 1 female (XUX- 2011-270), 34.498°N, 108.786E, 359 m, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.786&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.498" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.786/lat 34.498)">Taiping village</a>, Jingyang County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, China, collected on 3 December, 2011, by H.Z. Li, F.X. Liu, X.Y. Wang, and X. Xu. All in CBEE.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of L. schensiensis resemble those of L. yiyuan sp. nov. and L. yuncheng sp. nov., but can be distinguished from those of L. yiyuan sp. nov. by the tegulum having a slightly smaller terminal apophysis (Fig. 10F, 10G), and the embolus with more longitudinal ribs retrolaterally (Fig. 10G, 10K); from those of L. yuncheng sp. nov. by the marginal apophysis and the dorsal extension of the terminal apophysis of the tegulum with irregular serrations (Fig. 10G, 10K); from those of L. dengfeng sp. nov. by the conductor with a longer lower spine (Fig. 10G, 10K); from those of L. handan sp. nov. by the contrategulum margin with slightly smaller teeth, and the dorsal extension of the terminal apophysis of the tegulum with irregular serrations (Fig. 10G, 10K); and from those of L. badong sp. n and L. taian sp. nov. by the conductor with small middle spines (Fig. 10A–E, 10H, 10K). Females of L. schensiensis differ from those of L. badong sp. nov. by the middle pair of receptacular clusters with slightly thicker and shorter stalks; from those of L. yiyuan sp. nov. by the middle pair of receptacular clusters with slightly longer stalks (Fig. 11A–D, 11I–L); from those of L. handan sp. nov., by the middle pair of receptacular clusters with slightly thicker stalks (Fig. 11A–D); from those of the other Luthela species by the bases of the middle stalks being close to each other (Fig. 11A–D).</p> <p>Redescription. Male (XUX-2011-273). Carapace reddish brown; opisthosoma brown, with dark brown tergites; sternum narrow, much longer than wide; few long pointed hairs running over ocular mound in longitudinal row; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 11 denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, second to fifth larger than others and the others small; 8 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 14.95, CL 7.05, CW 6.60, OL 7.15, OW 4.90; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; leg I 20.65 (6.05 + 2.75 + 4.15 + 5.05 + 2.65), leg II 20.85 (5.95 + 2.65 + 3.95 + 5.25 + 3.05), leg III 21.30 (5.65 + 2.55 + 3.75 + 6.40 + 2.95), leg IV 29.00 (7.20 + 2.95 + 5.35 + 8.95 + 4.55).</p> <p>Palp: Prolateral paracymbium unpigmented and unsclerotized, numerous setae and spines at tip of paracymbium (Fig. 10A–C). Contrategulum with 7–10 teeth along margin, and distal tooth serrated (Fig. 10A, 10D, 10H, 10J). Tegulum with an irregular dentate marginal apophysis and an irregular dorsal extension of terminal apophysis, as well as smooth terminal apophysis (Fig. 10C, 10F, 10G, 10I–K). Conductor situated ventro-proximally on embolus, with two long spines, upper one parallel to the furrow of embolus distally, lower one pointed to contrategulum, and one or two small teeth situated at between two long spines (Fig. 10A–C, 10D, 10H, 10K). Embolus largely sclerotized, with a flat opening and several longitudinal ribs retrolaterally (Fig. 10H, 10K).</p> <p>Female (XUX-2011-243). Carapace and opisthosoma similar to male; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 10 strong denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, similar to male; 8 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 25.25, CL 10.35, CW 9.25, OL 14.75, OW 12.75; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; palp 16.30 (5.70 + 2.75 + 3.35 + 4.50), leg I 17.45 (4.85 + 3.05 + 3.55 + 3.75 + 2.25), leg II 19.15 (6.15 + 3.05 + 3.55 + 3.95 + 2.45), leg III 19.85 (6.05 + 3.15 + 3.45 + 4.45 + 2.75), leg IV 28.80 (7.65 + 3.75 + 5.35 + 8.00 + 4.05).</p> <p>Genitalia: Posterior margin of genital sternite slightly incurved, two pairs of receptacular clusters, middle ones slightly smaller than lateral ones with stalks, close to each other, situated at anterior margin of bursa copulatrix, lateral ones situated at slightly dorsolateral position of bursa copulatrix with inconspicuous stalks (Fig. 11A–P).</p> <p>Distribution. Shaanxi Province (Heyang, Gaoling, Jingyang)</p> <p>Remarks. Males and females vary in body size: males (N = 7): BL 14.95–18.55, CL 6.75–7.85, CW 6.25–7.30, OL 7.15–10.45, OW 4.90–7.55; females (N = 18): BL 17.85–25.65, CL 7.55–10.25, CW 6.90–9.10, OL 9.05–16.65, OW 5.90–13.25.</p> <p>There is intraspecific variation in male and female genital morphology and molecular markers. Specifically, for the male genitalia, there was considerable intraspecific variation in the number of the small middle spines of the conductor, either one (Fig. 10A) or two spines (Fig. 10D, 10K); in the position of the small spine, either close to the upper spine (Fig. 10K), close to the lower spine (Fig. 10D), or located at the middle of two long spines (Fig. 10A); in the tip shape of lower spine of the conductor, bifurcated (Fig. 10D–F) or not (Fig. 10A, 10H). Intraspecific variation was noted in the number of teeth (7–10) along the contrategulum margin, and the different shape of the serrated distal tooth (Fig. 10A, 10D, 10H, 10J).</p> <p>For intraspecific variation in female genitalia, the posterior margin of the genital sternite may be incurved (Fig. 11C, 11D, 11I–K) or straight (Fig. 11A, 11L), the middle receptacular clusters were situated at the anterior margin of the bursa copulatrix (Fig. 11A–J, 11L), or at slightly dorsal part of the bursa copulatrix (Fig. 11K, 11O).</p> <p>Intraspecific genetic distance ranges from 0% to 1.8% based on the K2P substitution model and COI nucleotide sequences (N = 18).</p> <p>We treated L. heyangensis as a junior synonym of L. schensiensis for several reasons. First, L. heyangensis was diagnosed and described based exclusively on one female (Zhu &amp; Wang 1984). As liphistiid females exhibit considerable intraspecific variation in female genitalia (Xu et al. 2017, 2019), it is difficult to diagnose the species based exclusively on female characters of a single specimen. Second, we collected intensively from the type localities of both L. heyangensis and L. schensiensis, and we examined and compared the newly collected males and females with the original descriptions and illustrations of both L. heyangensis and L. schensiensis (Schenkel 1953; Song &amp; Haupt 1984; Zhu &amp; Wang 1984). All lines of evidence support the type female of L. heyangensis belonging to L. schensiensis. Third, there is very low genetic variation (1.8%) among the newly collected specimens from the type localities of both L. heyangensis and L. schensiensis. Thus, the specimens collected from Heyang County, Shaanxi Province should be considered the same species as those collected from both Gaoling and Jingyang Counties, Shaanxi Province. The GenBank accession code of XUX-2011-273 is MH172701.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFACFFD516FE5DCCC054FCB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
038A8789FFB0FFD716FE5CF0C095F98E.text	038A8789FFB0FFD716FE5CF0C095F98E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luthela taian Xu & Yu & Liu & Li 2022	<div><p>Luthela taian sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 12A–G, 13A–L)</p> <p>Holotype. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.156&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.155" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.156/lat 36.155)">Male</a> (XUX-2014-143A, matured on 6 September 2014 at CBEE), Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China, 36.155°N, 117.156°E, 131 m, collected on 17 July 2014, by F.X. Liu, C. Xu, and Z. T. Zhang, CBEE.</p> <p>Paratypes. 13 females (XUX-2014-133/134/135/136/137/138/140/141/141A/143/144/144A/144B/144C) and 3 males (XUX-2014-139, matured on 20 September 2014, XUX-2014-142 matured on 26 June 2015, XUX-2014- 142A matured on 24 August 2014 at CBEE), same data as for holotype; 2 females (XUX-2014-151/154) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.991&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.991/lat 35.618)">Confucius Cemetery</a>, Qufu city, Shandong Province, China, 35.618°N, 116.991°E, 80 m, collected on 18 July 2014, by F.X. Liu, C. Xu, and Z. T. Zhang. All in CBEE.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of L. taian sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of L. badong sp. nov. by the conductor having two longer and thicker spines (Fig. 12A, 12G); from those of L. dengfeng sp. nov. by the conductor with longer lower spines (Fig. 12G); from the other Luthela species by the conductor lacking the middle spine (Fig. 12D– G). Females of L. taian sp. nov. differ from those of L. badong sp. nov., L. luotianensis, and L. yuncheng sp. nov. by the middle receptacular clusters smaller than the lateral ones (Fig. 13A–C, 13G–I); from those of L. schensiensis and L. yiyuan sp. nov. by the middle receptacular clusters with slender and longer stalks (Fig. 13A–C); from those of L. handan sp. nov. by the middle receptacular clusters being separated from each other (Fig. 13A).</p> <p>Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace brown; opisthosoma light brown, with dark brown tergites; sternum narrow, much longer than wide; a few long pointed hairs running over ocular mound in longitudinal row; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 8–9 denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, the second to fifth larger than others and the others small; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 12.50, CL 6.80, CW 7.30, OL 6.00, OW 5.60; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; leg I 18.00 (5.10 + 2.40 + 3.50 + 4.50 + 2.60), leg II 17.70 (4.60 + 2.25 + 3.25 + 4.60 + 3.00), leg III 19.00 (4.20 + 2.30 + 3.40 + 5.60 + 3.50), leg IV 25.90 (5.90 + 2.80 + 4.70 + 8.00 + 4.50).</p> <p>Palp: Prolateral paracymbium unpigmented and unsclerotized, numerous setae and spines at tip of paracymbium (Fig. 12A–C). Contrategulum with 7–10 teeth along margin, and distal tooth with 4 serrations (Fig. 12A, 12D). Marginal apophysis of tegulum with several serrations proximally and smooth distally, dorsal extension of terminal apophysis of tegulum with irregular serrations, and terminal apophysis smooth, triangle-shaped (Fig. 12E–G). Conductor situated ventro-proximally on embolus, with two long spines, upper one fits to furrow of embolus, lower one pointed to contrategulum (Fig. 12G). Embolus largely sclerotized, with a flat opening and several longitudinal ribs retrolaterally (Fig. 12A, 12G).</p> <p>Female (XUX-2014-136). Carapace and opisthosoma of the female similar to the male except for lighter colouration than the male; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 10 strong denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, similar to male; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 15.00, CL 6.85, CW 5.70, OL 7.10, OW 4.90; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; palp 11.35 (3.75 + 1.95 + 2.45 + 3.20), leg I 13.40 (4.30 + 2.30 + 2.60 + 2.70 + 1.50), leg II 12.70 (3.85 + 2.20 + 2.25 + 2.80 + 1.60), leg III 13.45 (3.65 + 2.30 + 2.35 + 3.20 + 1.95), leg IV 19.05 (4.25 + 2.70 + 3.60 + 5.60 + 2.90).</p> <p>Genitalia: Posterior margin of genital sternite slightly incurved, two pairs of receptacular clusters, middle ones smaller than lateral ones with stalks, separated from each other basally, situated at anterior margin of bursa copulatrix, lateral ones situated at slightly dorsolateral position of bursa copulatrix with inconspicuous stalks (Fig. 13).</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the type locality.</p> <p>Distribution. Shandong Province (Taishan, Qufu)</p> <p>Remarks. Males and females vary in body size: males (N = 4): BL 12.50–16.60, CL 6.80–7.10, CW 6.50–7.30, OL 6.00–8.60, OW 5.60–6.00; females (N = 15): BL 12.50–20.50, CL 6.00–8.60, CW 4.50–7.20, OL 6.40–10.20, OW 4.80–8.35.</p> <p>There was intraspecific variation in female genital morphology and molecular markers. For the female genitalia, the middle receptacular clusters were weakly sclerotized with long stalks (Fig. 13A, 13B), or well sclerotized (Fig. 13C–I).</p> <p>Intraspecific genetic distance is between 0% and 0.6% based on the K2P substitution model and COI nucleotide sequences (N = 9). The GenBank accession code of the holotype (XUX-2014-143A) is MH172722.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFB0FFD716FE5CF0C095F98E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
038A8789FFB1FFD116FE5A14C55DFA3E.text	038A8789FFB1FFD116FE5A14C55DFA3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luthela yuncheng Xu & Yu & Liu & Li 2022	<div><p>Luthela yuncheng sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 14A–M)</p> <p>Holotype. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.157" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.758/lat 35.157)">Male</a> (XUX-2011-235, matured on 10 July 2012 at CBEE), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.157" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.758/lat 35.157)">Wulipo Park</a>, Linyi County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, China, 35.157°N, 110.758°E, 441 m, collected on 30 November 2011, by H.Z. Li, F.X. Liu, X.Y. Wang, and X. Xu, CBEE.</p> <p>Paratypes. 7 females (XUX-2011-229/230/231/232/233/234/236, and 231, 232, 236 matured on 10 July 2012 at CBEE), same data as for holotype. All in CBEE.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male of L. yuncheng sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of L. yiyuan sp. nov., and L. schensiensis by tegulum having a regular serrated marginal apophysis and a regular dorsal extension of terminal apophysis (Fig. 14G); from that of L. dengfeng sp. nov. by the conductor with a longer lower spine; from that of L. handan sp. nov. by the contrategulum with smaller marginal teeth (Fig. 14D); from those of L. badong s p. nov. and L. taian sp. nov. by the conductor with a small middle spine (Fig. 14E–G). Females of L. yuncheng sp. nov. differ from those of L. badong sp. nov., and L. yiyuan sp. nov. by the bases of middle receptacular clusters being separated from each other (Fig. 14H, 14I); from those of L. dengfeng sp. nov., L. handan sp. nov., L. schensiensis, and L. taian sp. nov. by the similar-sized receptacular clusters (Fig. 14H–M); from those of L. luotianensis by the posterior margin of genital sternite being slightly incurved (Fig. 14K, 14L).</p> <p>Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace dark brown; opisthosoma brown, with dark brown tergites; sternum narrow, much longer than wide; few long pointed hairs running over ocular mound in longitudinal row; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 10 denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, the second to fifth larger than others and the others small; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 16.85, CL 7.35, CW 6.95, OL 8.75, OW 6.35; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; leg I 21.00 (6.15 + 2.85 + 4.15 + 5.10 + 2.75), leg II 20.65 (5.65 + 2.75 + 3.95 + 5.35 + 2.95), leg III 22.70 (5.45 + 2.95 + 4.00 + 6.50 + 3.80), leg IV 29.70 (7.65 + 3.35 + 5.30 + 8.75 + 4.65).</p> <p>Palp: Prolateral paracymbium unpigmented and unsclerotized, numerous setae and spines at tip of paracymbium (Fig. 14A–C). Contrategulum with 8 teeth along the margin, distal tooth with 3 serrations (Fig. 14D, 14F). Marginal apophysis of tegulum with regular serrations, dorsal extension of terminal apophysis of tegulum with regular serrations basally and irregular serrations distally, and terminal apophysis of tegulum smooth (Fig. 14G). Conductor situated ventro-proximally on embolus, with two long spines, upper one fits to furrow of embolus, lower one pointed to contrategulum, and one small tooth situated at middle of two long spines (Fig. 14D–G). Embolus largely sclerotized, with a flat opening and several longitudinal ribs retrolaterally (Fig. 14D, 14G).</p> <p>Female (XUX-2011-229). Carapace reddish brown; opisthosoma brown, with dark brown tergites; chelicerae robust with promargin of groove with 10–11 strong denticles of variable size; legs with strong hairs and spines; opisthosoma with 12 tergites, similar to male; 7 spinnerets. Measurements: BL 25.55, CL 9.55, CW 8.00, OL 13.85, OW 11.65; ALE&gt; PLE&gt; PME&gt; AME; palp 16.45 (5.65 + 2.55 + 3.50 + 4.75), leg I 18.45 (6.50 + 2.85 + 3.80 + 3.15 + 2.15), leg II 18.20 (5.85 + 2.80 + 3.35 + 3.85 + 2.35), leg III 18.90 (5.55 + 2.75 + 3.25 + 4.50 + 2.85), leg IV 26.90 (7.15 + 3.15 + 5.25 + 7.65 + 3.70).</p> <p>Genitalia: Posterior margin of genital sternite slightly incurved, two pairs of receptacular clusters similar-sized, middle ones with stalks, separated from each other basally, situated at anterior margin of bursa copulatrix, lateral ones situated at slightly dorsolateral position of bursa copulatrix with inconspicuous stalks (Fig. 14H–M).</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the type locality.</p> <p>Distribution. Shanxi Province (Yuncheng)</p> <p>Remarks. Females vary in body size: (N = 7): BL 15.65–25.55, CL 7.75–10.75, CW 6.95–9.55, OL 7.75–11.05, OW 5.90–11.65.</p> <p>Intraspecific genetic distance is between 0% and 3.4% based on the K2P substitution model and COI nucleotide sequences (N = 7, including juveniles). The GenBank accession code of the holotype (XUX-2011-235) is MH172738.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFB1FFD116FE5A14C55DFA3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
038A8789FFB7FFD116FE5A51C7ECF911.text	038A8789FFB7FFD116FE5A51C7ECF911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinothela Haupt 2003	<div><p>Sinothela Haupt, 2003, nomen dubium</p> <p>Sinothela Haupt, 2003: 71, type species by original designation, Heptathela sinensis Crosby &amp; Bishop; synonymized with Heptathela in Schwendinger &amp; Ono, 2011: 601; Xu et al. 2015a: 139.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFB7FFD116FE5A51C7ECF911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
038A8789FFB7FFD216FE5B64C6EFFD15.text	038A8789FFB7FFD216FE5B64C6EFFD15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinothela sinensis (Crosby & Bishop 1932)	<div><p>Sinothela sinensis (Crosby &amp; Bishop, 1932), nomen dubium</p> <p>Sinothela sinensis: Haupt, 2003: 71.</p> <p>Heptathela sinensis Bishop &amp; Crosby 1932: 5 (holotype female, from Shandong Christian University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, collected by A. Jacot in May 1930, deposited at the American Museum of Natural History, New York, not examined due to unable to loan or image the holotype from museum under the situation of COVID pandemic); Bristowe, 1933: 1055; Wen &amp; Zhu, 1980: 39 (male description without the detail information on collection site and where it was deposited; presumed to be lost); Haupt 1983: 285; Hu, 1984: 26; Song &amp; Haupt 1984: 445 (drawings of the male palp based on the specimen collected from Xingyang, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, deposited in IZCAS, examined; Zhu &amp; Shi, 1985: 48; Zhang, 1987: 44; Zhao, 1993: 53; Song, Zhu &amp; Chen, 1999: 33; Song, Zhu &amp; Chen, 2001: 46.</p> <p>Abcathela sinensis: Ono, 2000: 150.</p> <p>Sinothela sinensis: Haupt, 2003: 71; Xu et al., 2015a: 139.</p> <p>Songthela sinensis: Zhu &amp; Zhang, 2011: 30.</p> <p>For the detailed description of holotype, see Bishop &amp; Crosby 1932; for the illustration of holotype female and secondarily associated non-type male genital anatomy, see Haupt 1983 and S ong &amp; Haupt 1984.</p> <p>Remarks. We were unable to redescribe the species, Sinothela sinensis, from the holotype female for a few reasons. We were unable examine the holotype female (lodged at the American Museum of National History). The type locality (Shandong Christian University) of the species no longer exists. While our collecting efforts in the type vicinity (Jinan, Shandong Province) did produce a single female specimen, the exact identity of the female specimen is doubtful without examining the holotype and due to highly intraspecific variation in female genital morphology. For the males collected from Huolu, Hebei Province (Wen &amp; Zhu 1980) and from Xingyang, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province (Song &amp; Haupt 1984), we doubt that they were corrected diagnosed as the species. Thus, Sinothela sinensis is here considered a nomen dubium.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFB7FFD216FE5B64C6EFFD15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Xin;Yu, Li;Liu, Fengxiang;Li, Daiqin	Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5
