identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B387CDFFF99263FF26F8EFF18325B4.text	03B387CDFFF99263FF26F8EFF18325B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon glaucescens L. L. Liu & Lu L. Zhang 2023	<div><p>Herpothallon glaucescens L.L. Liu &amp; Lu L. Zhang, sp. nov. Mycobank number: 843998 (Fig. 2)</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. Zhejiang Province: Lishui City, Jingning County, Baiyun Protection Station. 1131.3 m elev., 27°72′57.76″ N, 119°64′12.09″ E, on bark of Cunninghamia R. Br., 2 December 2020, C.G. Zhao &amp; Lu L. Zhang 20211617 (Holotype in SDNU).</p> <p>Thallus corticolous, up to 3 cm across, suborbicular, sometimes flaking off, loosely to firmly appressed to the substrate, felty to byssoid, dull, white in the center, whitish grey to greyish green along the margin, in section up to 200 µm thick, with abundant calcium oxalate crystals throughout the thallus (insoluble in KOH, dissolving and recrystallizing as colourless, needle-shaped crystals in 10% H 2 SO 4), with 1–2 µm wide hyphae. Hypothallus whitish, byssoid, composed of 1–2 µm wide hyphae.Prothallus up to 2 mm broad, whitish, indistinct, byssoid, composed of interwoven and radiating hyphae. Pseudisidia numerous, sparse to dense, dispersed or 2–3 in coralloid aggregations, often branched, swollen, subglobose to ±vermiform, rounded at the top, of the same colour as the thallus, compact with few projecting hyphae, 0.15–0.18 mm in diam., or 0.22–0.3 × 0.11–0.18 mm. Photobiont trentepohlioid, single or a few cells aggregated; cells yellowish, 10–12.5 × 7–8 μm. Asci and pycnidia not seen.</p> <p>Chemistry and spot tests: Thallus and prothallus K−, C−, P+ bright yellow, UV−, I+ blue in medulla. TLC: psoromic acid (major), 2’-O-demethylpsoromic acid (minor).</p> <p>Etymology: The epithet “ glaucescens ” refers to the whitish grey colour of the thallus and the pseudisidia.</p> <p>Ecology and distribution: The new species was found growing on bark of Cunninghamia R. Br. at the Baiyun Protection Station in the Zhejiang Province and the bark of other trees in the Daming Mountain National Nature Reserve of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.</p> <p>Note: This species is characterized by a thallus with swollen, compact, subglobose to ±vermiform, often branched pseudisidia, with few projecting hyphae, and the presence of psoromic and 2’-O-demethylpsoromic acids. Although H. globosum G. Thor (2009: 42) also has globose pseudisidia and contains psoromic acid, it lacks calcium oxalate crystals, has a red hypothallus and prothallus, the upper parts of its pseudisidia are dark red and often with black spots (Aptroot et al. 2009). Herpothallon biacidum Frisch, Elix &amp; G. Thor (2010: 286) possesses a loosely attached thallus with abundant calcium oxalate crystals, globular to short cylindrical pseudisidia, up to 0.30 × 0.12 mm, in small coralloid aggregations, but it has a brown to blackish brown hypothallus and produces gyrophoric and norstictic acids (Frisch et al. 2010). Herpothallon coralloides Jagadeesh (2014: 40) is also similar to H. glaucescens because of its firmly to loosely appressed thallus and white prothallus, cylindrical pseudisidia that are simple to irregularly branched and coralloid, but the pseudisidia of H. coralloides are much larger, up to 1.0 × 0.1 mm. The two species also differ in chemistry, H. coralloides containing confluentic and norstictic acids (Jagadeesh Ram 2014).</p> <p>Phylogenetically, H. glaucescens is the sister taxon to H. echinatum (Fig. 1), they are similar in containing psoromic acid as a major secondary metabolite, but H. echinatum has a much softer thallus, often seemingly farinose due to loose soredioid fragments, and its pseudisidia are cylindrical, more elongated, up to 0.5 × 0.1 mm, and are mostly unbranched, felty with projecting hyphae.</p> <p>Additional specimen examined: CHINA. Guangxi Province: Nanning City, Wuming County, Daming Mountain National Nature Reserve, 592.0 m elev., 23°30′12.336″ N, 108°26′08.231′′ E, on bark of a tree, 30 December 2020, X. Zhang et al. 20211618 (SDNU).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387CDFFF99263FF26F8EFF18325B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Linlin;Zuo, Qijia;Xue, Junxia;Ren, Zhaojie;Zhang, Lulu	Liu, Linlin, Zuo, Qijia, Xue, Junxia, Ren, Zhaojie, Zhang, Lulu (2023): Three new species of Herpothallon (Lichenized Ascomycota) from Southern China. Phytotaxa 597 (4): 287-296, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.4.4
03B387CDFFFF9261FF26FBF2F3AD27E3.text	03B387CDFFFF9261FF26FBF2F3AD27E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon lilacinum L. L. Liu & Lu L. Zhang 2023	<div><p>Herpothallon lilacinum L.L. Liu &amp; Lu L. Zhang, sp. nov. Mycobank number: 845790 (Figs 3, 4)</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. Guizhou Province: Tongren City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.96964&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.87433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.96964/lat 27.87433)">Yang Jia Ao township</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.96964&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.87433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.96964/lat 27.87433)">Bi Er Tang village</a>. 874 m elev., 27°52’27.59” N, 107°58’10.71” E, on rock, 10 June 2022, L.L. Liu, Y.X. Bi, Z.H. Jiang &amp; D.C. Yan 20220232 (Holotype in SDNU).</p> <p>Thallus corticolous or saxicolous, up to 3.5 cm across, irregular shaped, sometimes flaking off, loosely appressed to the substrate, rather soft, felty, often seemingly farinose, dull, white to cream white, in section up to 200 µm thick, with many calcium oxalate crystals throughout the thallus (insoluble in KOH, dissolving and recrystallizing as colourless, needle-shaped crystals in 10% H 2 SO 4), with 1–2 µm wide hyphae. Hypothallus whitish, byssoid, composed of 1–2 µm wide hyphae. Prothallus up to 0.8 mm broad, whitish, indistinct, byssoid to cottony, composed of interwoven and radiating hyphae. Pseudisidia numerous, unbranched, soft, whitish subglobose or irregularly cushion-shaped, fluffy-felty with many projecting hyphae, basally of the same colour as the thallus, upper parts often lilac to lilac grey, 0.1–0.45 mm in diam.. Photobiont trentepohlioid, in short, irregular threads; cells yellowish green, 10–15 × 5–8 μm. Asci and pycnidia not seen.</p> <p>Chemistry and spot tests: Thallus and prothallus K−, C−, P+ bright yellow, UV−, I+ blue in medulla, the lilac to lilac grey parts K+ black blue, C−. TLC: psoromic acid (major), an unknown substance (minor), 2’-O-demethylpsoromic acid (minor).</p> <p>Etymology: The epithet “ lilacinum ” refers to the lilac to lilac grey pseudisidia.</p> <p>Ecology and distribution: The new species was found growing on rock wall by the roadside and bark of a tree in Guizhou Province.</p> <p>Notes: This species is characterized by the subglobose or irregularly cushion-shaped, lilac to lilac grey, fluffy-felty pseudisidia, 0.1–0.45 mm in diam., the psoromic and 2’-O-demethylpsoromic acids, and an unknown substance chemistry. Herpothallon lilacinum is most similar to H. weii Yuliang Chen &amp; Haiying Wang (2012: 440): both contain psoromic acid and the similar unknown substance, but H. weii has a tightly appressed thallus, an I− medulla, a distinct prothallus, pinkish and larger, and not whitish subglobose pseudisidia, up to 1 × 0.5 mm (Cheng et al. 2012). Crypthonia albida (Fée) Frisch &amp; G. Thor (2010: 290) also has fluffy-felty pseudisidia and contains psoromic acid as its major substance, but has loosely byssoid, whitish pseudisidia, up to 1.0 × 1.0 mm (Frisch &amp; G. Thor, 2010). Herpothallon himalayanum Jagadeesh &amp; Sinha (2009: 40) and H. capilliferum Pengfei Chen &amp; Lulu Zhang (2022: 02) are also similar to H. lilacinum in producing fluffy-felty pseudisidia, but they differ in secondary chemistry: Herpothallon himalayanum contains gyrophoric acid as its major substance (Jagadeesh &amp; Sinha, 2009), and H. capilliferum only contains norstictic acid (Chen et al. 2022).</p> <p>Phylogenetically, H. lilacinum clusters with H. echinatum and H. glaucescens (Fig. 1), they all possess psoromic acid as major, but H. echinatum and H. glaucescens have subglobose or cylindrical pseudisidia, all without the unknown substance.</p> <p>Additional specimen examined: CHINA. Guizhou Province: Tongren City, Yang Jia Ao township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.96964&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.87433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.96964/lat 27.87433)">Bi Er Tang village</a>. 874 m elev., 27°52’27.59” N, 107°58’10.71” E, on rock, 10 June 2022, L.L. Liu, Y.X. Bi, Z.H. Jiang &amp; D.C. Yan 20220231, 20220237, 20220238, 20220239, 20220240, 20220253 (SDNU); Guizhou Province: Tongren City, Xu Jia Ba town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.0331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.925938" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.0331/lat 27.925938)">Zhang Jia Gou village</a>, along the stream. 851 m elev., 27°55’33.38” N, 108°1’59.13” E, on bark of a tree, 11 June 2022, L.L. Liu, Y.X. Bi, Z.H. Jiang &amp; D.C. Yan 20220090 (SDNU).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387CDFFFF9261FF26FBF2F3AD27E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Linlin;Zuo, Qijia;Xue, Junxia;Ren, Zhaojie;Zhang, Lulu	Liu, Linlin, Zuo, Qijia, Xue, Junxia, Ren, Zhaojie, Zhang, Lulu (2023): Three new species of Herpothallon (Lichenized Ascomycota) from Southern China. Phytotaxa 597 (4): 287-296, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.4.4
03B387CDFFFD9261FF26FE19F44E2E5F.text	03B387CDFFFD9261FF26FE19F44E2E5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon tomentosum L. L. Liu & Lu L. Zhang 2023	<div><p>Herpothallon tomentosum L.L. Liu &amp; Lu L. Zhang, sp. nov. Mycobank number: 845791 (Fig. 5)</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. Fujian Province: Longyan City, Dongxiao National Forest Park, Barbecue field. 450 m elev., 24°58’25.33” N, 117°0’56.67” E, on bark of a tree, 12 July 2022, L.L. Liu, J.X. Xue &amp; L. Wang 20220468 (Holotype in SDNU).</p> <p>Thallus corticolous, up to 2 cm across, suborbicular to sometimes irregular, not flaking off, loosely to firmly appressed to the substrate, soft, minutely felty, dull, blue green to greenish grey, in section up to 120 µm thick, with few calcium oxalate crystals throughout the thallus (insoluble in KOH, dissolving and recrystallizing as colourless, needle-shaped crystals in 10% H 2 SO 4), with 1–2 µm wide hyphae. Hypothallus whitish, byssoid, composed of 1–2 µm wide hyphae. Prothallus up to 0.9 mm broad, whitish, distinct, byssoid, composed of interwoven and radiating hyphae. Pseudisidia numerous, unbranched, globular, of the same colour as the thallus, soft, felty with many projecting hyphae, 0.06–0.12 mm in diam.. Photobiont trentepohlioid, single or a few cells aggregated; cells yellowish green, 12.5–15 × 5–10 μm. Asci not seen. Pycnidia embedded in the tips of some pseudisidia, opening with a apical pore, pigmentation occasionally extending along the pycnidial wall. Conidia simple, hyaline, short bacilliform, 3–4 × 1–1.5 μm.</p> <p>Chemistry and spot tests: Thallus and prothallus K−, C−, P−, UV−, I− in medulla. TLC: confluentic acid (major), 2’-O-methylmicrophyllinic acid (minor).</p> <p>Etymology: The epithet “ tomentosum ” refers to the pseudisidia felty with many projecting hyphae.</p> <p>Ecology and distribution: The new species was found growing on bark of trees beside a stream of Dongxiao National Forest Park and on bark of trees beside a mountain path of Tianzhu Mountain Forest Park of Fujian Province.</p> <p>Notes: This species is characterized by the globular pseudisidia each containing a pycnidium, 0.06–0.16 mm in diam., and the presence of confluentic and 2’-O-methylmicrophyllinic acids. Herpothallon tomentosum is most similar to H. cinereum G. Thor (2009: 34) in its minutely felty thallus, the white, byssoid-felty prothallus and the presence of confluentic and 2’-O-methylmicrophyllinic acid in its thallus. However, H. cinereum has a loosely appressed thallus, up to 200 μm thick, and cylindrical pseudisidia up to 0.5 × 0.1 mm, without pycnidia at their tips. Herpothallon tomentosum has the same chemistry as H. confluenticum Aptroot &amp; Lücking (2009: 36); both have pycnidia at the tips of their pseudisidia, but the latter has a rather firm thallus delimited by a dirty whitish prothallus, on a whitish to brownish hypothallus, and cylindrical pseudisidia that are partly cauliflower-like at the tips, up to 0.6 × 0.2 mm (Aptroot et al. 2009). The specimens of H. echinatum that Bungartz et al. collected from Ecuador (2013: 752) also have a non-pigmented thallus, prothallus and hypothallus, globular pseudisidia with pycnidia at the tips, and bacilliform conidia (3–4 × 1–1.5 μm), but they contain psoromic acid (Bungartz et al. 2013). Two other morphologically similar species are H. biacidum and H. subglobosum Pengfei Chen &amp; Lulu Zhang (2022: 07): both have a minutely felty thallus and globular pseudisidia, but differ in chemistry: H. biacidum contains gyrophoric and norstictic acids (Frisch et al. 2010), whereas H. subglobosum contains gyrophoric, lecanoric and umbilicaric acids (Chen et al. 2022).</p> <p>Phylogenetically, H. tomentosum belongs into a different monophyletic clade from the other species in clade B (Fig. 1), demonstrating that it is a distinct species. As part of our survey, we collected multiple specimens of the new species in two areas. These specimens are similar in morphological and anatomical characters except that some of the specimens lack pycnidia. In our phylogenetic analysis this material appears on the same branch, with a relatively close evolutionary distance, strongly supported (BS=100, PP=1.00).</p> <p>Additional specimen examined: CHINA. Fujian Province: Longyan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.01574&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.973703" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.01574/lat 24.973703)">Dongxiao National Forest</a> Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.01574&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.973703" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.01574/lat 24.973703)">Barbecue</a> field. 450 m elev., 24°58’25.33” N, 117°0’56.67” E, on bark of a tree, 12 July 2022, L.L. Liu, J.X. Xue &amp; L. Wang 20220477 (SDNU); Fujian Province: Longyan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.01714&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.972618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.01714/lat 24.972618)">Dongxiao National Forest</a> Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.01714&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.972618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.01714/lat 24.972618)">Bajiao forest</a> to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.01714&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.972618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.01714/lat 24.972618)">Suoluo</a> group. 558 m elev., 24°58’21.42” N, 117°1’1.71” E, on bark of a tree, 12 July 2022, L.L. Liu, J.X. Xue &amp; L. Wang 20220565, 20220582, 20220587 (SDNU); Fujian Province: Xiamen City, Tianzhu <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.90863&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.596203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.90863/lat 24.596203)">Mountain Forest</a> Park, No. 3 branch road near the air monitoring station. 183 m elev., 24°35’46.33” N, 117°54’31.06” E, on bark of a tree, 11 July 2022, L.L. Liu, J.X. Xue &amp; L. Wang, 20220442, 20220443, 20220462, 20220463 (SDNU).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387CDFFFD9261FF26FE19F44E2E5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Linlin;Zuo, Qijia;Xue, Junxia;Ren, Zhaojie;Zhang, Lulu	Liu, Linlin, Zuo, Qijia, Xue, Junxia, Ren, Zhaojie, Zhang, Lulu (2023): Three new species of Herpothallon (Lichenized Ascomycota) from Southern China. Phytotaxa 597 (4): 287-296, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.4.4
03B387CDFFFC926FFF26FB66F5DA2770.text	03B387CDFFFC926FFF26FB66F5DA2770.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon Tobler 1937	<div><p>Key to the species of Herpothallon known from China</p> <p>1. Prothallus and pseudisidia with red pigment, K+ purple in pigmented parts.......................................................... H. rubrocinctum 1 Prothallus and pseudisidia without red pigment (rarely pinkish or lilac pigments present in pseudisidia)....................................... 2</p> <p>2. Thallus C+ red; gyrophoric acid major, lecanoric acid and some other substances minor................................................................ 3 Thallus C–; gyrophoric and lecanoric acids absent............................................................................................................................ 5</p> <p>3. Thallus K+ yellow; an unknown substance present (RF close to atranorin in solvent C) present; pseudisidia cylindrical (0.2 × 0.1 mm)............................................................................................................... H. viridi-isidiatum P.F. Chen &amp; L.L. Zhang (2022: 07) Thallus K–; the unknown minor substance absent; pseudisidia globular or cylindrical.................................................................... 4</p> <p>4. Pseudisidia globular (0.1 × 0.1 mm)......................................................................................................................... H. subglobosum Pseudisidia cylindrical (1.0 × 0.1 mm).......................................................... H. philippinum (Vain.) Aptroot &amp; Lücking (2009: 43)</p> <p>5. Thallus K+ yellow or K+ yellow then red, P+ orange-red; stictic or norstictic acids present........................................................... 6 Thallus K–, P– or P+ yellow; stictic and norstictic acids absent........................................................................................................ 7</p> <p>6. Thallus K+ yellow then red; norstictic acid present; pseudisidia irregularly cushion-shaped (0.4 × 0.2 mm).......... H. capilliferum Thallus K+ yellow; stictic acid present; pseudisidia cylindrical (0.3 × 0.1 mm).......................................................................................................................................................................................................... H. polyisidiatum P.F. Chen &amp; L.L. Zhang (2022: 02)</p> <p>7. Thallus P–; psoromic acid absent....................................................................................................................................................... 8 Thallus P+ yellow; psoromic acid present.......................................................................................................................................... 9</p> <p>8. Confluentic acid major; globular pseudisidia (0.06–0.12 mm in diam.).................................................................... H. tomentosum Perlatolic acid major; minute, irregular, soredia-like granular pseudisidia (0.05 × 0.05 mm in diam.)..................................................................................................................................................................... H. granulare (Sipman) Aptroot &amp; Lücking (2009: 43)</p> <p>9. Pseudisidia cylindrical (0.5 × 0.1 mm).......................................................................................................................... H. echinatum Pseudisidia subglobose to irregularly cushion-shaped..................................................................................................................... 10</p> <p>1 Wei J.C. (2020) The Enumeration of Lichenized Fungi in China. In: Beijing, China Forestry Publishing House, China, 44–47. Specimen examined: CHINA. Guizhou Province: Leishan County, Leigongshan National Forest Park, 892 m elev., on bark of a tree, 2 Nov. 2009, Q. Tian, 20102819 (SDNU). Discussion: The identification of this material as Herpothallon rubrocinctum appears problematic, because its prothallus is an orange to red (rather than bright scarlet red), the thallus lacks secondary metabolites and the pseudisidia of the specimen are granular. Molecular data could not successfully be obtained from the material. The report of H. rubrocinctum may thus refer to a still undescribed species, which needs to be further investigates, when fresh specimens are collected.</p> <p>10. Pseudisidia without pinkish or lilac pigments; subglobose (0.22–0.3 × 0.11–0.18 mm)............................................ H. glaucescens Pseudisidia with pinkish or lilac pigments; subglobose to mostly irregularly cushion-shaped....................................................... 11</p> <p>11. Thallus tightly appressed, medulla I–; pseudisidia irregularly cushion-shaped, pinkish, large (1 × 0.5 mm)......................... H. weii Thallus loosely appressed, medulla I+ blue; pseudisidia whitsh subglobose or irregularly cushion-shaped, basally white, upper parts often lilac to lilac grey, small (0.1–0.45 mm in diam.)........................................................................................... H. lilacinum</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387CDFFFC926FFF26FB66F5DA2770	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Linlin;Zuo, Qijia;Xue, Junxia;Ren, Zhaojie;Zhang, Lulu	Liu, Linlin, Zuo, Qijia, Xue, Junxia, Ren, Zhaojie, Zhang, Lulu (2023): Three new species of Herpothallon (Lichenized Ascomycota) from Southern China. Phytotaxa 597 (4): 287-296, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.4.4
