identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
861C878BFFF9C95515B8A004FA22EE84.text	861C878BFFF9C95515B8A004FA22EE84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoebe Nees von Esenbeck 1836	<div><p>Phoebe Nees von Esenbeck (1836: 98).</p> <p>Type:— Phoebe lanceolata (Nees von Esenbeck 1831: 71) Nees von Esenbeck (1836: 109), lectotype designated by Kostermans (1952: 122).</p> <p>Evergreen shrubs or trees, small to large; perulate buds present or absent; bud scale scars in diffuse clusters or in dense rings along the twigs; indumentum simple. Leaves alternate, evenly spaced along the twigs or somewhat clustered towards the tips of branchlets, entire, penniveined, often glaucous or glaucescent beneath; midrib usually incised on the upper surface, raised beneath; lateral veins slender or stout; tertiary veins scalariform to laxly reticulate; minor veinlets finely reticulate, often conspicuously raised on both surfaces; petioles usually channelled above. Inflorescences terminal, subterminal and axillary, paniculate-cymose, pedunculate, glabrous or variously pubescent. Flowers trimerous, bisexual; hypanthium cupular; tepals 6, usually ovate, apiculate, persistent; stamens 9 in 3 whorls, often pubescent towards base of filaments, those of whorl I and II eglangular, introrse, those of whorl III glandular, extrorse; anthers 4-locular, linear-oblong; staminodes 3, forming whorl IV, fleshy, sagittate; ovary ovoid or globose, sessile; style short; stigma small, capitate or discoid. Fruits fleshy, globose, ovoid or ellipsoid-oblong, enclosed at base by the stiff, erect, somewhat enlarged tepals; fruiting pedicel not or slightly thickened.</p> <p>Key to the species</p> <p>1. Bud scale scars in diffuse clusters along the branchlets................................................................................................................... 2</p> <p>- Bud scale scars forming dense rings along the branchlets................................................................................................................3</p> <p>2. Young shoots, undersurface of leaves and inflorescences tomentellous.......................................................................... 4. P. cathia</p> <p>- Young shoots, undersurface of leaves and inflorescences glabrous or sparsely puberulous.......................................... 7. P. pallida</p> <p>3. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 6–10 times longer than broad......................................................................................... 1. P. angustifolia</p> <p>- Leaves elliptic, oblong to lanceolate-oblong or obovate to oblanceolate, 3–5 times longer than broad.......................................... 4</p> <p>4. Pedicels articulated towards base, with the stump persisting on the inflorescence when the flowers or fruits are shed......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3. P. bootanica</p> <p>- Pedicels not articulated towards base, no stump persisting as above............................................................................................... 5</p> <p>5. Undersides of leaves, inflorescences and flowers glabrous...................................................................................... 5. P. lanceolata</p> <p>- Undersides of leaves, inflorescences and flowers variously pubescent........................................................................................... 6</p> <p>6. Leaves thinly coriaceous; fruits subglobose............................................................................................................. 6. P. nicobarica</p> <p>- Leaves membranous to chartaceous, fruits ovoid to ellipsoid.......................................................................................................... 7</p> <p>7. Leaves predominantly obovate to oblanceolate, not narrowing towards apex; pedicels 1–3 mm long; tepals 3–3.5 mm long............................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. P. attenuata</p> <p>- Leaves predominantly narrowly oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-oblong, narrowing towards apex, pedicels 3–5 mm long; tepals 3–5 mm long....................................................................................................................................................................... 8. P. tavoyana</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/861C878BFFF9C95515B8A004FA22EE84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chakrabarty, Tapas;Kumar, Anand;Ghoshal, Partha Pratim	Chakrabarty, Tapas, Kumar, Anand, Ghoshal, Partha Pratim (2023): A revision of the genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) in the Indo-Burmese region. Phytotaxa 606 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3
861C878BFFFAC95515B8A67BFE20E929.text	861C878BFFFAC95515B8A67BFE20E929.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoebe angustifolia Meisner 1864	<div><p>1. Phoebe angustifolia Meisner (1864: 34).</p> <p>Type:— INDIA. Meghalaya, Khasia, 2–4000 feet, 2 October 1850, fr., J.D. Hooker &amp; T. Thomson s.n. (lectotype designated here: G-DC [G00693514, mounted on two sheets], digital images!; isolectotypes: B 10 0277508, BM013718291, BR0000005187447, digital images!, CAL0000021955!, CAL0000021956!, CAL0000021957!, CGE [2 sheets] n.v., E00393296, GH00042195, K000778861, K000778862, L.1813836, L.1813837, MEL2390420, digital images!, MH00002468!, NY00355919, OXF00146561N n.v., P02009394, P02009399, P02009401, S-G-4800, U0002991, digital images!).</p> <p>Shrubs or trees, 3–5 m high, bud scale scars in dense rings around twigs; branchlets glabrous. Leaves more or less clustered at the ends of the twigs or evenly spaced, linear-lanceolate, 9–28 × 0.8–3.5 cm, attenuate at base and decurrent into petioles, flat or often slightly curved downwards along margins, caudate-acuminate (acumen 10–30 mm long) at apex, coriaceous, glabrous, greenish to brown, blackish or dark reddish brown above when dry, greenish to brown or dark reddish brown beneath, not glaucous; lateral veins 10–18 pairs, faint to prominent on both surfaces; tertiary veins obscure to faint above, faint to prominent beneath; veinlets obscure above and beneath; petioles 5–15 mm long, glabrous. Panicles few-branched towards apices, 5–20 cm long, few- many-flowered; axis and branches glabrous. Flowers: pedicels 3–5 mm long, slender to stout, glabrous; tepals broadly ovate, 2.5–3.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, glabrous outside, puberulous inside; stamens 2–2.5 mm long; ovary subglobose, ca. 1.5 mm in diam.; style ca. 1.8 mm long. Fruits ovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.6–0.8 cm; fruiting pedicels 5–10 mm long, not thickened; fruiting tepals 3–5 mm long.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering in April to June and fruiting in July to October.</p> <p>Habitat: —Scattered in primary evergreen forests between 600–900 m elevations.</p> <p>Distribution: — Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, and Vietnam.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— CHINA. Yunnan province, 25 April 1953, fl., K.H. Cai 552 (PE00482293). INDIA. Meghalaya, Khasi hills, 26 September 1886, fr., C.B. Clarke 44529A (CAL herb. acc. no. 385083); Meghalaya, Jowai dist., Jowai - Badarpur road, 20 July 1957, fr., G.K. Deka 10090 (CAL, ASSAM). MYANMAR. Chindwin, Bhamo, May–June 1911, fl., S. Toppin 3234 (CAL). VIETNAM. Thua-Thien province, Haut cours du Bo-Giang, s.d., fl., Eberhardt 2737 (P02009373).</p> <p>Notes: — Although POWO (2023) included “ Bangladesh ” while citing the distribution of the species, no material from Bangladesh could be examined during the present studies. Moreover, Ara et al. (2007) had also not included the species in their treatment.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/861C878BFFFAC95515B8A67BFE20E929	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chakrabarty, Tapas;Kumar, Anand;Ghoshal, Partha Pratim	Chakrabarty, Tapas, Kumar, Anand, Ghoshal, Partha Pratim (2023): A revision of the genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) in the Indo-Burmese region. Phytotaxa 606 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3
861C878BFFFAC95415B8A232FF65EAD0.text	861C878BFFFAC95415B8A232FF65EAD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoebe attenuata (Nees von Esenbeck 1831) Nees von Esenbeck 1836	<div><p>2. Phoebe attenuata (Nees) Nees von Esenbeck (1836: 104).</p> <p>Type:— BANGLADESH. Sylhet, s.d., fl., de Silva in Wallich, Numer. List No. 2600 (lectotype designated here: K001116541, digital image!; isolectotypes: BM013718292, G-DC [G00693568], digital images!, LE n.v.).</p> <p>Basionym: — Ocotea attenuata Nees von Esenbeck (1831: 71).</p> <p>Trees, 8–35 m high; GBH up to 60 cm; bud scale scars in dense rings around twigs; young shoots fulvous tomentose; branchlets densely yellow, rusty or often greyish tomentose when young, glabrescent. Leaves more or less clustered at the ends of the twigs, obovate, oblong-obovate, obovate-elliptic to oblanceolate or sometimes oblong-elliptic, 10–35 × 3–10 cm, cuneate to cuneate-attenuate or acute at base, apiculate or sometimes shortly acuminate (acumen 5–20 mm long, slender) at apex, chartaceous or often membranous, puberulous on midrib (and often lateral veins) to glabrous above, yellow, greyish or rusty tomentellous to pilose on veins beneath, brown or blackish or dark reddish brown above when dry, green to brown or chocolate brown beneath, not glaucous; lateral veins slender, (8–)10–20 pairs, prominent above, raised beneath; tertiary veins obscure to prominent above, prominent beneath, veinlets obscure to faint above, inconspicuous to somewhat prominent beneath, petioles 5–30 × 1–3 mm, tomentellous to scattered puberulous. Panicles few-branched, 8–30 cm long; axis and branches fulvous or sometimes greyish tomentellous to scattered puberulous (in age), glabrescent in fruiting. Flowers: pedicels 1–3 mm long, tomentellous; tepals broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 3–3.5 × 1.6–2 mm, tomentellous outside, sericeous inside; stamens 2–3.5 mm long; staminodes ca. 2 mm long; ovary subglobose, ca. 1.3 mm in diam.; style ca. 1.5 mm long, stigma trifid. Fruits ellipsoid to ovoidellipsoid, 1.3–2 × 0.8–1.5 cm; fruiting pedicels 1–3 mm long; fruiting tepals 3–5 mm long.</p> <p>Local names: — Angare (Bengali), Bonsum (Assamese), Sanang (Burmese), Thai-jing-phang (Cachar), Thingbatwang-arong (Mikir).</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering in March to July and fruiting in April to February.</p> <p>Habitat: —Fairly common in tropical to subtropical or evergreen forests between 450–1700 m elevations.</p> <p>Distribution: — Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.</p> <p>Uses: —Reported to be a timber tree.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— BANGLADESH. Type specimen as cited above. BHUTAN. Gaylegphug dist., above Sher camp, 19 km along Tongsa road, 25 May 1982, fl., A.J.C. Grierson &amp; D.G. Long 3999 (E00168492); 21.5 km from Shamgong on road to Gaylegphug, 10 May 1984, fl., B. Bartholomew 1639 (E00168494). Sarbhang dist., near Lao pani, 7 March 1982, fl., A.J.C. Grierson &amp; D.G. Long 3543 (E00168495). Baksa, 18 April 1915, fl., R.E. Cooper 3708 (E00168493). Without locality, s.d., fl., W. Griffith, Kew Distrib. No. 4254 (CAL herb. acc. no. 385182, K000778863, LE, P02009388). INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh: Tiraf dist., Niusa to Wanu, 1 September 1958, fr., G. Panigrahi 15013 (ASSAM, CAL). Assam: Golaghat, 1891, fl., G. King s.n. (CAL herb. acc. no. 385189, CGE). Meghalaya: Garo hills, Tura mountain, 17 March 1950, fl., Thakur Rup Chand 2860 (L.1813840). Sikkim: Godok, 11 April 1908, fl., Ribu 730 (CAL); Without locality, s.d., fl., G.A. Gammie s.n. (CAL herb. acc. no. 384482); Without locality, 9 June 1876, fr., G. King s.n. (CAL herb. acc. no. 385173); ibid., September 1876, fr., G. King s.n. (CAL herb. acc. nos. 385176, 385177). Mizoram: Lushai hills, Aizawl, 1 April 1954, fl., Godfrey 594 (CAL); Lushai hills, s.d., fl., Mrs. Parry 32 (CAL). West Bengal: Darjeeling dist., Darjeeling, s.d. [22 May 1923], fr., J.M. Cowan s.n. (BR0000029338689, E01104193, E01104194); Pankhabari, 25 May 1884, fr., C.B. Clarke 35488A (CAL); Mungpo, 14 July 1909, fr., H.E. Cooper 770 (CAL). Alipurduar dist., Jaldapara National park, 7 June 2013, fr., K. Karthigeyan 61120 (CAL—2 sheets). LAOS. Pu Tat, 21 April 1932, fl., A.F.G. Kerr 21184 (P02009178). MYANMAR. Southern Shan States, Kengtung, August 1909, fl., R.W. MacGregor 212 (E00901898); Loimwe, 1909, fl., R.W. MacGregor 212 (CAL). Myitkyina dist., Nga-Maw kha, 19 September 1912, fr., Mg Myaw 51 (E00901899). Kachin hills, 1897, fr., S. Mokim s.n. (CAL herb. acc. nos. 385267 &amp; 395269). Tavoy, Heinzechaung headwaters, 21 February 1921, fr., A.T. Gage 10 (CAL—3 sheets). Kachin hills, Nawli, 24 March 1897, fl., E. Pottinger s.n. (CAL herb. acc. no. 385194). NEPAL. Without locality, 14 March 1969, J.D.A. Stainton s.n. (BM000888341 n.v.); Without locality, 3 May 1967, J.D.A. Stainton s.n. (BM000888342 n.v.). THAILAND. Kao Keo Kang, Dan Sai, 10 April 1922, fr., A.F.G. Kerr 5795 (P02009389); Pant Tawn, Chiengmai, 2 May 1931, fr., Put 3867 (P02009390). VIETNAM. Ninh Binh Province, Cuc Phuong National Park, 19 July 2000, fl., P.K. Loc, D.T. Kien, M.V. Sinh P10390 (P02009068).</p> <p>Notes: — Similar to Phoebe bootanica in general appearance but distinct by the smaller flowers with non-articulated pedicels.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/861C878BFFFAC95415B8A232FF65EAD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chakrabarty, Tapas;Kumar, Anand;Ghoshal, Partha Pratim	Chakrabarty, Tapas, Kumar, Anand, Ghoshal, Partha Pratim (2023): A revision of the genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) in the Indo-Burmese region. Phytotaxa 606 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3
861C878BFFFBC95215B8A26AFE68EDE8.text	861C878BFFFBC95215B8A26AFE68EDE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoebe bootanica (Meisn.) Gangopadhyay 2011	<div><p>3. Phoebe bootanica (Meisn.) Gangopadhyay (2011: 215).</p> <p>Type:— BHUTAN. s.d., fl., W. Griffith 2483 (lectotype designated here: K000778799, digital image!; isolectotypes: BM000950966, G00368974, fragm. NY00355317, digital images!). [BHUTAN] East Himalaya, fl., W. Griffith 1117, Kew Distrib. No. 4265 (additional syntypes: GH00041886, K000778798, L.1804386, digital images!).</p> <p>Basionym:— Machilus bootanica Meisner (1864: 42).</p> <p>Homotypic synonym:— Persea bootanica (Meisn.) Kostermans (1962: 191).</p> <p>Heterotypic synonyms:— Phoebe hainesiana Brandis (1906: t. 2803).</p> <p>Type:— INDIA. West Bengal, West Duars, May 1893, fl., H.H. Haines 303 (lectotype designated here: K000778868, digital image!; isolectotype: HBG508052, digital image!). INDIA. Sikkim, December 1893, fr., H.H. Haines 303 (additional syntypes: K000778867, HBG508053, digital images!). INDIA. Sikkim, s.d., fl., H.H. Haines 303 (additional syntypes: CAL0000021966!, CAL0000021967!, CAL0000021968!, L.1814097, digital image!). INDIA. West Bengal, Duars, s.d., fl., H.H. Haines 303 (additional syntypes: CAL0000021958!, CAL0000021960!, CAL0000021962!).</p> <p>Phoebe goalparensis Hutchinson (1916: 190).</p> <p>Type:— INDIA. Assam, Goalpara dist., Aie Reserve, 9 February 1915, immat. fr., U.N. Kanjilal 5092 (lectotype designated here: DD, digital image!, bearing printed label ‘TYPE’; isolectotypes: ASSAM 0000000108!, ASSAM 0000000109!, DD [3 sheets] without barcodes, digital images!). INDIA. Assam, Goalpara dist., Aie Reserve, 15 July 1915, fr., U.N. Kanjilal 5092 (additional syntype: K000778865, digital image!). INDIA. Assam, without precise locality, 16 April 1915, fl., U.N. Kanjilal 5092 (uncited original material: K000778866, digital image!).</p> <p>Phoebe cooperiana Kanjilal &amp; Das (1937: 7), syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh, without locality, June 1922, immat. fr., H.L. Cooper 7722 (holotype: ASSAM0000000107!). INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh, East Siang dist., Pasighat, 19 May 1934, fl., A.Das 10634 (paratypes: ASSAM0000000104!, ASSAM0000000105!, ASSAM0000000106!, CAL0000021973!, E00393291, digital image!).</p> <p>? Phoebe assamica Kalyankumar Purakayastha (1938: 402).</p> <p>Type:—Not designated.</p> <p>Phoebe baishyae Gangopadhyay (2006: 148), syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng, Nechiphu, 12 September 1978, fr., K. Haridasan 4642 (holotype: APFH Herbarium of State Forest Research Institute, Arunachal Pradesh, Itanagar—not located). [icon] M.Gangop. in Bull. Bot. Surv. India 48: 148, fig. 23. 2006 (lectotype designated here).</p> <p>Trees, 20–45 m high; bud scale scars in dense rings around twigs; branchlets densely yellowish, greyish or rusty tomentose, pilose or puberulous when young, glabrescent. Leaves more or less clustered at the ends of the twigs and also evenly spaced, obovate, obovate-elliptic to obovate-oblong or sometimes oblong-elliptic to elliptic (or broadly so) or ovate-elliptic, 10–32 × 3.5–13 cm, cuneate, acute to subacute or sometimes unequal or oblique at base, apiculate to acuminate (acumen 5–20 mm long, blunt to acute) at apex, membranous to chartaceous, glabrous or occasionally puberulous on midrib above, scattered yellow or greyish pilose to tomentellous (on veins) or sometimes sparsely puberulous to glabrous (P. goalparensis, P. hainesiana) beneath, green, brown, dark brown, dark reddish brown or blackish above when dry, green to brown or blackish beneath, not glaucous; lateral veins slender, (8–)10–18 pairs, prominent above, raised beneath; tertiary veins faint to prominent above, faint to prominent beneath; veinlets obscure to somewhat prominent above, inconspicuous to faint or sometimes prominent beneath; petioles 10–60 mm long, scattered greyish or fulvous pilose to tomentellous, sparsely puberulous to glabrescent. Panicles 7–23 cm long, few-branched; axis and branches fulvous tomentellous to scattered greyish pilose or sometimes sparsely puberulous to glabrous (P. goalparensis, P. hainesiana). Flowers: pedicels 5–8 mm long, articulated near base, scattered whitish, greyish or fulvous pilose to tomentellous; tepals broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, apiculate, 4–6 (–7) × 2–3.7 mm, scattered greyish or fulvous pilose to tomentellous outside and inside; stamens 4.2–5 mm long; staminodes ca. 3 mm long; ovary ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm long; style ca. 3 mm long. Fruits ellipsoid, 2–3 × 1.3–2 cm (reported to be up to 4 cm long); fruiting pedicels up to 12 mm long, stout or somewhat thickened; fruiting tepals up to 7 mm long.</p> <p>Local name: — Nikahi (Assamese).</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering in February to May and fruiting in June to December.</p> <p>Habitat: —Rare in tropical and evergreen forests between 200–1800 m elevations.</p> <p>Distribution: — Bhutan, India, and Nepal.</p> <p>Uses: —Reported to be a timber tree.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— BHUTAN. Type material as cited above. INDIA. Assam: Tinsukia dist., Digboi, s.d., fl., without collector 11 (CAL). Tripura: Munpui, 3 April 1941, fl., K. Biswas 5172 (CAL). West Bengal: Darjeeling dist., Darjeeling, s.d., fr., H.H. Haines 303 (CAL0000021951, CAL0000021953); Gayabari, s.d., fl., without collector 10 (CAL). NEPAL. Central Nepal, Lamjung Himalaya, Madi Khola, fl., 28 April 1968, fl., J.D.A. Stainton 6255 (BM, E01137628).</p> <p>Notes: — Gangopadhyay (2011), while transferring Machilus bootanica to Phoebe, united P. hainesiana with it. However, possibly he had some doubt about this merger because subsequently Gangopadhyay et al. (2020) treated the latter as a distinct species. The present studies revealed that P. goalparensis as well as P. hainesiana represent less pubescent forms of P. bootanica with less persistent hairs on different parts but otherwise indistinguishable. Additionally, P. cooperiana is also found to be conspecific with P. bootanica.</p> <p>The specimen, A. Das 10530 (CAL0000021985) collected from Sadya in Arunachal Pradesh and identified as Phoebe cooperiana represents a distinct species. The impression of the broken fruits indicates that these were ellipsoid and 3–4 cm long (as described in P. cooperiana) but the specimens differs from P. cooperiana clearly by the absence of rings of bud scale scars on the twigs, evenly spaced leaves with glaucous undersurface. The material possibly represents a hitherto undescribed species allied to P. cathia but we refrain from describing it due to its poor condition.</p> <p>The material, Haines 303 was collected from three different localities, West Duars, Sikkim and Darjeeling (as marked on the specimens). The original drawing of Phoebe hainesiana shows a flowering twig, dissected parts of flower and an intact fruit. Thus, the drawing corresponds to at least two of these collections, in flowering and fruiting. Accordingly the flowering specimens at Kew bearing handwriting of Brandis is selected here as the lectotype. In the duplicate specimen at HBG, the “West Duars” has been struck out and Sikkim is written in Pen. There are further collections with field number Haines 303 at CAL without citation of any locality.</p> <p>Hutchinson (1916: 190) cited “ INDIA. Assam: Goalpara district; Aie Reserve, stem buttressed at the base, fls. Feb., fr. July, Upendranath Kanjilal in Dehra Dun Herb. 5092” in the protologue of Phoebe goalparensis, There are several specimens belonging to collection no. 5092 of which four specimens are at DD, two at ASSAM, and two at K. The one of the specimens, K000778866 bearing Hutchinson annotation ‘ Phoebe goalparensis Hutchinson n. sp. ” was collected in April, so it must be considered as an uncited original material instead of syntype because April collection was not cited in the protologue. As the protologue states that type was deposited in ‘Dehra Dun Herb.’, we preferred to choose the lectotype from the collections of DD. The best preserved specimen at DD bearing the print label ‘TYPE’ in red is designated here as lectotype.</p> <p>The type of Phoebe assamica is not available. However, from the description, it appears that the species belongs here. The holotype of P. baishyae has been misplaced. Hence, the original drawing has been selected here as the lectotype of the name as per Art. 9.12 (Turland et al. 2018). It is a good match with P. bootanica in all respects except for the relatively shorter fruits.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/861C878BFFFBC95215B8A26AFE68EDE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chakrabarty, Tapas;Kumar, Anand;Ghoshal, Partha Pratim	Chakrabarty, Tapas, Kumar, Anand, Ghoshal, Partha Pratim (2023): A revision of the genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) in the Indo-Burmese region. Phytotaxa 606 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3
861C878BFFFDC95115B8A68BFED6E71A.text	861C878BFFFDC95115B8A68BFED6E71A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoebe cathia (D. Don 1825) Kostermans 1975	<div><p>4. Phoebe cathia (D.Don) Kostermans (1975: 44). Fig. 1A</p> <p>Type:— NEPAL. Suembu [Swayambhu], 1 June 1802, fl., F. Buchanan-Hamilton s.n. (lectotype designated here: BM000888338, digital image!; isolectotype: LINN-HS707-42, digital image!).</p> <p>Basionym:— Cinnamomum cathia Don (1825: 66).</p> <p>Homotypic synonyms:— Persea cathia (D.Don) Sprengel (1827: 156).</p> <p>Phoebe cathia (D.Don) Gandhi (1976: 50), nom. illegit.</p> <p>Heterotypic synonyms:— Phoebe paniculata (Nees) Nees von Esenbeck (1836: 105).</p> <p>Type:— NEPAL. Without locality, 1821, fr., Wallich, Numer. List No. 2598A (lectotype designated here: K001116529, digital image!; isolectotypes: CGE [3 sheets] n.v., E00393292, E00393293, G-DC [G00693531, G00693532], K001116531, K000228474, K000228475, K000228476, LE00012764, digital images!).</p> <p>Basionym:— Ocotea paniculata Nees von Esenbeck (1831: 71).</p> <p>Ocotea paniculata var. minor Nees von Esenbeck (1831: 71), syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— INDIA. Without locality, s.d., fr., R. Wight in Wallich, Numer. List No. 2598B (lectotype designated here: K001116530, image!).</p> <p>Phoebe pubescens (Nees) Nees von Esenbeck (1836: 107).</p> <p>Type:— NEPAL.Without locality, s.d., fl., Wallich, Numer. List No. 2595 (lectotype designated here: K000228472, digital image!). NEPAL. Without locality, s.d., fl., Wallich, Numer. List No. 2595 (additional syntypes: B 10 027500, B 10 0275001, digital images!, BO herb. acc.no. 1279165 n.v., E00393294, E00393295, G-DC [G00693533], K000228471—right hand side specimen, K000228473, L.1813846, L.1813846, MEL2390405, S-G-3578, digital images!).</p> <p>Basionym:— Ocotea pubescens Nees von Esenbeck (1831: 71).</p> <p>Phoebe paniculata var. pubescens (Nees) Meisner (1864: 38).</p> <p>Phoebe wightii Meisner (1864: 38), syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— INDIA. Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri hills, 1859, fl., G.S. Perrottet 1005 (lectotype designated here: G-DC [G00693563, mounted on three sheets], digital images!; isolectotypes: P02008938, P02008939, digital images!). INDIA. Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri hills, 1854, fl., Metz [in Pl. Hohenacker] 1337 (additional syntypes: AWH n.v., BO herb. acc. no. 1281331 n.v., L.1812324, P 02132232, P02008935, P02008936, P02008937, U.1417552, digital images!). INDIA. Peninsula Indiae Orientalis, s.d., fl., R. Wight, Kew Distrib. No. 2523 (additional syntypes: BO herb. acc. no. 1279181 n.v., CAL0000033375!, L.1812323, M0147186, MEL2390411, P 02132233, S-G-4811, digital images!).</p> <p>Phoebe prazeri Gangopadhyay (2006: 150), syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— MYANMAR. Lockhoe and Sebong hills, Tummoo hills, 6 July 1890, fl. &amp; immat. fr., J.C. Prazer 138 (holotype: CAL0000021975!; isotypes: CAL0000021976!, CAL0000021977!).</p> <p>Phoebe pallida subsp. borii Gangopadhyay et al. (2020: 449), syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— INDIA. Assam, Lakhimpur dist., Mukum, March 1937, fl., N.L. Bor 16578 (holotype: ASSAM, digital image!).</p> <p>Trees, 4–15 m high; GBH 15–50 cm; bud scale scars in diffuse clusters along twigs; young shoots yellow to tawny tomentose or rusty villous; branchlets tawny or rusty tomentellous to villous when young, glabrescent. Leaves evenly spaced along twigs and often crowded towards apices of branchlets, elliptic or broadly so to obovate or narrowly oblong-elliptic, 6–22 × 2–8 cm, cuneate to acute or sometimes subacute at base, often curved upwards along margins, apiculate to acuminate (acumen 5–15 mm long, acute, often slender) or occasionally obtuse to rounded at apex, thinly coriaceous to chartaceous, glabrous above, yellow, tawny or greyish tomentellous (especially on veins) beneath, green, brown, blackish or dark reddish brown above when dry, pale green, brown or coppery and sometimes glaucescent beneath; lateral veins 5–10 pairs, prominent above, raised beneath; tertiary veins faint to obscure above, faint to prominent beneath, scalariform to laxly reticulate; veinlets faint to obscure above, inconspicuous to prominent beneath; petioles 5–20 mm long, pubescent to glabrous. Panicles 3–17 cm long, 2–5-branched, 5–many-flowered; axis and branches yellow, greyish, tawny or rusty tomentellous. Flowers: pedicels 2.5–4 mm long, scattered greyish, fulvous or tawny puberulous to tomentellous; tepals ovate, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2 mm, greyish or fulvous puberulous to tomentellous outside, tomentellous inside; stamens 2.5–3.5 mm long; staminodes ca. 1.5 mm long; ovary subglobose, ca. 1.2 mm in diam.; style 1.8–2 mm long; stigma simple. Fruits ovoid, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–1 cm; fruiting pedicels 3–5 mm long, slightly thickened; fruiting tepals 3.5–4 mm long.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering in January to November and fruiting in February to December.</p> <p>Habitat: — Common in peninsular India in wet evergreen and shola forests between 500–2100 m elevations; scarce on the Himalayas in evergreen and warm broad-leaved forests at 1200–1900 m elevations; in evergreen hill forests in Myanmar up to 1200 m elevation.</p> <p>Distribution: — Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— BHUTAN. Near Zimgang, Shongarchu near Mongar, 15 June 1979, fl., A.J.C. Grierson &amp; D.G. Long 1966 (E00168491). INDIA. Peninsula Indiae Orientalis, s.d., R. Wight 2236 (E00393277 [fr.], E00393278 [fr.], E00393279 [fr.], E00393280 [fr.], E00393282 [fl.], E00393283 [fr.], E01104186 [fr.]). Andhra Pradesh: Visakhapatnam dist., Sunkarimetha, 19 September 1961, fr., N.P. Balakrishnan 688 (CAL [2 sheets]). Karnataka: Chikmagalur dist., Bababudan, Santaveri, November 1908, fl., Meebold 10463 (E01104188). Hassan dist., Bamalla, 5 February1970, fr., C.J. Saldanha 16213 (JCB). Kerala: Palghat dist., Thekkadi to Devicolam, 16 June 1976, fl., Kostermans 26106 (L.1812340). Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore dist., Waterfalls estate - Attakatti, 5 July 1961, fl., J. Joseph 12701 (MH). Dindigul dist., Kardana estate, 28 November 1988, fr., V. Lakshmanan 89108 (BSID0012352); Way to Avalanche, 9 March 1969, fl., D.B. Deb 31548 (MH); Shola near view point, Kodanad, 6 June 1971, fl., E. Vajravelu 38285 (MH). Kaveri road, 19 January 1957, fl., K.M. Sebastine 2041 (CAL, MH); Ooty, June 1886, fl., Gamble 17384 (CAL); Kolli hills, Pongakoilshola, 14 April 1977, fl., D.I. Arockiasamy 7585 (RHT). LAOS, Khammouan, vicinity of Ban Mak Phueang, 12 February 2005, fl., M.F. Newman et al. 124 (P02008742). MYANMAR. Mogok, May 1910, fl., A. Rodger 317 (CAL [4 sheets]); ibid., A. Rodger 337 (CAL [3 sheets]). NEPAL. Without locality, 16 June 1967, H. Hara et al. s.n. (BM000888311 n.v.). THAILAND. Chiang Mai province, Mae Rim, Mae Sa Mai village, Bong Yaeng subdistrict, 3 March 2004, fl., J.F. Maxwell 94-125 (L.3906124). VIETNAM. Kontum province, Dak Mek river to Long Nam village, 17 March 1995, fr., L.V. Averyanov VH832 (P02009089).</p> <p>Notes: — Hooker (1886) treated Phoebe wightii as a synonym of P. paniculata (a synonym of P. cathia) and cited wide distribution of the species from Myanmar and Nepal to the Nilgiri hills. However, Gamble (1925) recognized them as distinct species based on several differences. Typical Phoebe wightii would indeed appear to represent a distinct species, apparently differing from P. cathia by the dense tomentum on the petioles and undersurface of the leaves, and the shorter inflorescences with fewer branches bearing fewer flowers. However, examination of wider range of specimens revealed that the two species are clearly connected to each other through intergradations and it is not possible to maintain them as distinct species.</p> <p>Cinnamomum cathia Don (1825: 66) was described based on the collection of Francis Buchanan-Hamilton from Nepal. According to Stafleu &amp; Cowan (1976: 668), the types of the name published in Prodromus Florae Nepalensis are deposited at BM and duplicates at the Smith herbarium of LINN. There are two specimens at BM and LINN and these should be considered as syntypes under Art. 9.6 Ex. 5 (Turland et al. 2018, see also McNeill 2014). The well preserved specimen at BM is designated here as lectotype.</p> <p>As regards the type of Phoebe wightii, in addition to the collection of Perrottet, there are two more sheets at G-DC (barcodes G00693564 and G00693565) bearing annotations by Meisner in one and drawing of anthers on the other but unfortunately the names of the collectors of these specimens are not discernible. Out of several duplicates available for lectotype selection of Ocotea paniculata, a good fruiting specimen K001116529 is chosen here. A profusely flowering specimen K000228472 is selected as lectotype of Ocotea pubescens. As the collection of Wallich 2595 is a mixture of three species, the additional materials have been cited as syntypes rather than isolectotypes. Phoebe prazeri was described based on a material with immature fruits, matching well with P. cathia. Mention of the habit as “climber” is possibly incorrect. Gangopadhyay et al. (2020) were possibly confused with the identity of P. pallida subsp. borii because the holotype bears Gangopadhyay’s determination as P. cathia. Examination of the holotype revealed that the same belongs here.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/861C878BFFFDC95115B8A68BFED6E71A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chakrabarty, Tapas;Kumar, Anand;Ghoshal, Partha Pratim	Chakrabarty, Tapas, Kumar, Anand, Ghoshal, Partha Pratim (2023): A revision of the genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) in the Indo-Burmese region. Phytotaxa 606 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3
861C878BFFF0C95E15B8A4EEFED4EABD.text	861C878BFFF0C95E15B8A4EEFED4EABD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoebe lanceolata (Nees von Esenbeck 1831) Nees von Esenbeck 1836	<div><p>5. Phoebe lanceolata (Nees) Nees von Esenbeck (1836: 109). Fig. 1B</p> <p>Type:— NEPAL. Without locality, 1821, fl. &amp; fr., Wallich, Numer. List No. 2599C (lectotype designated here: K001116537, digital image!; isolectotypes: CGE [2 sheets] n.v., LE n.v., OXF00146543N n.v., BM013718295, E00393289, E00393290, G-DC [G00693557, G00693559, G00693561], K001116536, MEL2390381, PH00016902, digital images!). BANGLADESH. Sylhet, s.d., fl. &amp; fr., de Silva in Wallich, Numer. List No. 2599A (additional syntypes: CGE [3 sheets] n.v., LE n.v., BM013718294, E00393286, E00393287, G-DC [G00693501], K001116532, L.1814069, M0147191, MEL2390380, digital images!). INDIA. Hort. Bot. Calcutt., fl., Wallich, Numer. List No. 2599B (additional syntypes: CGE [3 sheets] n.v., LE n.v., BM000888319, G-DC [G00693558], K001116533, K001116534, K001116535, digital images!).</p> <p>Basionym:— Ocotea lanceolata Nees von Esenbeck (1831: 71).</p> <p>Homotypic synonym:— Persea lanceolata (Nees) Oliver (1880: 11, sub t. 1316), nom. illegit., non P. lanceolata Lesquereux (1872: 308).</p> <p>Heterotypic synonyms:— Laurus lanceolaria Roxburgh (1832: 309).</p> <p>Type:—[BANGLADESH], fl., W. Roxburgh s.n. (lectotype designated here: BM014605561, digital image!; isolectotype: MO-225220, digital image!). BANGLADESH. Korelea &amp; Chittagong, April–May, 1811, fl. &amp; fr., W. Roxburgh 355 (additional original material: BM014605560 [lower specimen], MO-247600, digital images!).</p> <p>Ocotea lanceolaria (Roxb.) Voigt (1845: 309).</p> <p>Phoebe lummaoensis Gangopadhyay (2006: 148), syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— MYANMAR. Lummao hills, 7 July 1890, fr., J.C. Prazer 159 (holotype: CAL0000033380!; isotypes: CAL0000033377!, CAL0000033378!, CAL0000033379!). MYANMAR. Upper Burma, Kalay hills, 5 July 1894, fr., J.C. Prazer 95 (paratypes: CAL0000033376!, CAL0000033381!).</p> <p>Phoebe palghatensis Gangopadhyay (2009: 146), syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— INDIA. Kerala, Idukki dist., Meenmutty, 14 February 1982, fl., C.N. Mohanan 73233 (holotype: CAL0000021978!; isotypes: MH00091604!, MH00091605!).</p> <p>Trees, (2–) 3–20 m high; bud scale scars in dense rings around twigs; branchlets yellowish or greyish sericeous or puberulous when young, soon glabrous. Leaves more or less clustered at the ends of the twigs, narrowly oblong-elliptic, oblong to lanceolate-oblong or lanceolate-elliptic or occasionally narrowly obovate-oblong to obovate-elliptic, 7–25 × 1.5–6.5 cm, cuneate to acute or sometimes cuneate-attenuate or occasionally rounded to obtuse at base, often slightly decurrent at extreme base, acuminate to caudate (acumen or cauda 5–35 mm long, acute) or rarely apiculate at apex, chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, glabrous above, sparsely greyish puberulous on major veins to glabrous beneath, green, brown, dark brown, dark reddish brown or blackish above when dry, paler and green to brown or coppery and often glaucous (not always) beneath; lateral veins slender, 6–12 pairs, prominent and flat above, raised beneath; tertiary veins obscure to prominent above, faint to prominent beneath; veinlets obscure to faint above, inconspicuous to prominent beneath; petioles 5–20 mm long, glabrous. Panicles 4–28 cm long, 2–5-branched (sometimes apparently simple by reduction), 5–many-flowered; axis and branches sparsely puberulous to glabrous. Flowers: pedicels 3–6 mm long, slender, glabrous; tepals ovate to suborbicular or broadly oblong, apiculate, 2.5–4 × 1.8–2.5 mm, glabrous outside, stamens 2–2.5 mm long; staminodes ca. 1 mm long; ovary ovoid or subglobose, 1.2–1.5 mm long in diam.; style 1.3–2 mm long; stigma discoid, lobulate. Fruits ovoid to ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 0.8–1.5 × 0.5–1 cm, fruiting pedicels 3–7 mm long, not or slightly thickened, fruiting tepals 3–5 mm long.</p> <p>Local names: — Menda (Bengali, Bangladesh), Jakrikat, Jhankrikath (Nepali).</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering in December to June and fruiting in May to November.</p> <p>Habitat: —Common on ghats, semi-evergreen to evergreen and shola forests in peninsular India between 500– 1500 m elevations; in tropical warm broad-leaved, subtropical and temperate forests on the Himalayas and foothills at 300–2900 m elevations; reported to be common in evergreen and primary forests between 150–2300 m elevations in northeast India, Bangladesh and Myanmar.</p> <p>Distribution: — Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— BANGLADESH. Rangamati dist., Sitapahar west, Jamai chhara, 26 April 1997, fl., A.M. Huq 10491 (L0106967). Without locality, fr., W. Griffith, Kew Distrib. No. 4258 (CAL). BHUTAN. Dewangaree hills, April 1853, fl., Simons s.n. (CAL herb. acc. nos. 385047, 385048). CHINA. Yunnan, Szemao forest, s.d., fl., A. Henry 11734 (L.1814057). INDIA. Assam: Kamrup dist., Baradhoba, five miles south of Singra, 26 June 1964, fl., A.S. Rao 39159 (ASSAM); Five mile north of Ukiam, on road to Bamunigaon, 22 June 1965, fl., A.S. Rao 39050 (ASSAM). Gara reserve - Giang bazaar, 24 May 1957, immat. fr., G. Panigrahi 9505 (ASSAM, CAL). Kerala: Idukki dist., Kulamavu, 30 December 1983, fl., A.G. Pandurangan 62579 (CAL0000021979, MH00091591, MH00091603); Meenmutty dam area, 25 February, fl., C.N. Mohanan 77977 (CAL0000021982, MH). Palakkad dist., Singamparai RF, 26 May 1979, fl., E. Vajravelu 62829 (CAL, MH00091610, MH00091611); Karapara river side, 1 March 1975, fl., E. Vajravelu 46130 (MH00091590, MH00091598). Quilon dist., Pamba dam - Kakki dam, 15 March 1980, fl., K. Vivekananthan 66216 (CAL0000021980, MH). Meghalaya: Garo hills, Phulbari, fl., April 1950, Thakur Rup Chand 3111 (L.1814062). Nagaland: Naga hills, Koio, May 1895, fl., Watt 11782 (U.1417549). Odisha: Mayurbhanj dist., Simlipal RF, 30 November 1979, immat. fr., A.R.K. Sastry &amp; G.P. Singh 12388 (CAL [4 sheets]). Sikkim: Without locality, s.d., fl., T. Thomson s.n. (CAL herb. acc. no. 385009, 385010, L.1814066); ibid., fl., J.D. Hooker s.n. (CGE, G-DC [G00693504, G00693552], L.1814068). Tripura: Munpui, 2 April 1941, fl., K. Biswas 5082 (CAL). West Bengal: Darjeeling dist., Chorubuttee, 12 June 1870, fr., C.B. Clarke 12021B (CAL); ibid., 13 June 1870, fr., C.B. Clarke 12087 C (CAL). Jalpaiguri dist., Apalehand, Kathanbari, 24 April 1962, fl., S.K. Mukerji 5495 (CAL); Udlajhora, 22 May 1975, fl., J.K. Sikdar 288 (CAL). Gorumara, 1 June 1949, fr., V. Narayanaswami 3133 (CAL). LAOS. Khammouane province, Nakay dist., Khet Chatchan Resettlement area, 10 March 2006, fl., B. Svengsuksa et al. BT 262 (L.1814048). MALAYSIA. Pahang, Tahan Woods, Kuala Teku, Rocky banks of S. Teku, 20 February 1968, fl., T.C. Whitmore FRI 4770 (L.1814078). MYANMAR. Chin hills, Kanpetlet, April 1939, fl., F.G. Dickason 8615 (L.1814060). NEPAL. Tumbey to Waleug Basi, 28 April 1965, fl., M.L. Banerji et al. 3382 (L.1814064). Dang - Deokhuri dist., Peepal Dauda, 21 April 1988, fl., P.R. Sakia et al. 9273 (L.1814063). THAILAND. Pang Mapha, 27 February 1968, fl., B. Hanseen &amp; T. Smitinand 12746 (L.2066792). VIETNAM. Ninh Binh province, Cuc Phuong National Park, 13 July 1999, fr., N.M. Cuong 264 (L.1814090).</p> <p>Notes: —The following field numbers were cited in the protologue of Ocotea lanceolata: Wall. Cat. n. 2599 A–E. It was further specified: “Crescit in Sillet (F.D.) et e Sillet in Hortem Calcutta numillata; in Napalia (Wallich a 1820 et 1821).” They correspond to the Wallich, Numer. List Nos. 2599A, 2599B and 2599C. Of the available specimens which we could examine, Wallich 2599C from Nepal (K001116537) is the best specimen with flowers and fruits and the same is selected here as the lectotype of the name. As regards Laurus lanceolaria, there are four collections of Roxburgh at BM and MO from Bangladesh (BM014605560, BM014605561, MO-247600, MO-255220). The MO specimens bear the label with the annotation “Ex Herbario Musei Britannici” and it indicates that both MO specimens were distributed from BM. The specimen BM014605561 bears two flowering twigs and two ticket size labels with the name “ Laurus ” and “Sundegool” in Roxburgh’s handwriting while there is no annotation by Roxburgh on the other BM specimen BM014605560. It may be noted that Roxburgh stated in the protolouge: “Sundhigool, the vernacular name in Silhet where it is indigenous”. Although, there are two original Flora Indica drawings of Roxburgh available at CAL and K, we have prioritized the specimen over the drawing for lectotype selection. Hence, the specimen BM014605561 has been selected here as the lectotype of the name. Phoebe lummaoensis was differentiated with P. lanceolata but unfortunately the range of variation of the latter was not taken into account while describing the new species which is synonymized here. Likewise, the peninsular Indian population, representing a variant with shorter, few-branched panicles with fewer flowers was described as P. palghatensis. Here also the range of variation of the species was not taken into account.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/861C878BFFF0C95E15B8A4EEFED4EABD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chakrabarty, Tapas;Kumar, Anand;Ghoshal, Partha Pratim	Chakrabarty, Tapas, Kumar, Anand, Ghoshal, Partha Pratim (2023): A revision of the genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) in the Indo-Burmese region. Phytotaxa 606 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3
861C878BFFF1C95D15B8A1DEFBB3EFE0.text	861C878BFFF1C95D15B8A1DEFBB3EFE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoebe nicobarica Rasingam 2021	<div><p>6. Phoebe nicobarica Rasingam et al. (2021: 53).</p> <p>Type:— INDIA. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Great Nicobar Island, Laful North, immat. fr., 13 June 1981, D.K. Hore 8798 (holotype: PBL0005000002!; isotypes: L0531031!, PBL0005000003!, PBL0000027258!).</p> <p>Trees, 10–12 m high; bud scale scars in dense rings around twigs; branchlets greyish pilose when young, soon glabrous. Leaves more or less clustered at the ends of the twigs, obovate-elliptic, 14–29 × 5.5–12 cm, acute or cuneate at base, acuminate (acumen 5–10 mm long, acute) at apex, thinly coriaceous, glabrous above, scattered white pilose (mainly on veins) beneath, greenish above when dry, pale brown and glaucescent beneath; lateral veins 9–12 pairs, prominent and slightly incised above, raised beneath; tertiary veins faint above, prominent beneath, percurrent; veinlets inconspicuous above, faint beneath; petioles 15–20 mm long, glabrous. Panicles 20–28 cm long, few-branched, axis and branches scattered puberulous, glabrescent. Flowers not seen. Fruits (slightly immature) subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam.; fruiting pedicels ca. 5 mm long, slightly thickened; fruiting tepals broadly ovate-oblong to suborbicular, apiculate, ca. 5 × 3 mm, scattered puberulous outside, ciliate.</p> <p>Phenology: —Fruiting in June.</p> <p>Habitat: —Rare in inland forests along stream bank at sea level.</p> <p>Distribution: — India (Great Nicobar Island)—endemic.</p> <p>Specimens examined: —Known from the type collections only.</p> <p>Notes: —Closely related to Phoebe grandis (Nees von Esenbeck 1832: 32) Merrill (1934: 61) of Southeast Asia and Malesia, differing mainly by the subglobose rather than ellipsoid to ovoid fruits.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/861C878BFFF1C95D15B8A1DEFBB3EFE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chakrabarty, Tapas;Kumar, Anand;Ghoshal, Partha Pratim	Chakrabarty, Tapas, Kumar, Anand, Ghoshal, Partha Pratim (2023): A revision of the genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) in the Indo-Burmese region. Phytotaxa 606 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3
861C878BFFF2C95D15B8A57AFEDEE940.text	861C878BFFF2C95D15B8A57AFEDEE940.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoebe pallida (Nees von Esenbeck 1831) Nees von Esenbeck 1836	<div><p>7. Phoebe pallida (Nees) Nees von Esenbeck (1836: 112).</p> <p>Type:— NEPAL. Without locality, 1820, fl., Wallich, Numer. List No. 2595 (lectotype designated here: K001116524, digital image!; isolectotypes: CGE n.v., G-DC [G00693513], digital image!). NEPAL. Without locality, 1822, Wallich 2595 (additional syntypes: CGE [2 sheets] n.v.). NEPAL. Without locality and date, fl., Wallich 2595 (additional syntypes: CGE n.v., OXF00146571O n.v., BR0000005118489, E00393281, G-DC [G00693506], digital images!).</p> <p>Basionym:— Ocotea pallida Nees von Esenbeck (1831: 71).</p> <p>Homotypic synonym:— Persea pallida (Nees) Oliver (1880: 11, sub t. 1316).</p> <p>Trees, up to 10 m high; bud scale scars in diffuse clusters along twigs; branchlets blackish to dark brown, yellowish tomentose when young, soon glabrous. Leaves alternate, evenly spaced along the twig, elliptic to oblong or narrowly so or lanceolate-oblong, 7–21 × 1.5–5 cm, acute to cuneate or rounded (sometimes unequal) at base, apiculate to acuminate (acumen 5–20 mm long) at apex, chartaceous or occasionally thinly coriaceous, glabrous above, sparsely puberulous to glabrous beneath, blackish, greenish, greenish brown or dark reddish brown above when dry, brown, dark brown, chocolate brown, dark reddish brown or coppery and often glaucous (not always) beneath; lateral veins slender, 6–12 pairs, faint to prominent above, raised beneath; tertiary veins obscure to faint above, faint to prominent beneath; veinlets inconspicuous above, obscure to faint beneath; petioles 5–15 mm long, glabrous. Panicles 5–12 cm long, few-branched, axis and branches sparsely puberulous to glabrous. Flowers: pedicels 2–4 mm long, glabrous; tepals ovate-oblong, 3–4 × 1.5–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous outside; stamens ca. 1.5 mm long; staminodes ca. 1 mm long; ovary subglobose, ca. 1.5 mm in diam.; style ca. 1.8 mm long; stigma lobulate. Fruits immature, ellipsoid, ca. 8 × 5 mm; fruiting pedicels 4–6 mm long, not thickened.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering in November to June and fruiting in June to October.</p> <p>Habitat: —Very rare between 1000–2000 m elevations.</p> <p>Distribution: — Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— BHUTAN. Tama, 14 April 1964, fl., G. Sen Gupta 1161 (CAL [2 sheets]). INDIA. Uttarakhand: Kumaon, s.d., fl., T. Thomson s.n. (CAL herb. acc. no. 385108, CGE n.v., G-DC [G00693510]). Garhwal, s.d., fl., G. King s.n. (CAL herb. acc. no. 385106); ibid., 1918, fl., R.S. Hole 825 (CAL herb. acc. no. 385110). Mussourie, 1869, fl., G. King s.n. (CAL herb. acc. no. 385107). Without precise locality, s.d., fl., Simons s.n. (CAL herb. acc. no. 384981). LAOS. Khammouan province, Nakai district, 24 May 2006, immat. fr., K. Nanthavong 509 (P00806742). MYANMAR. Maymyo, 27 June 1915, immat. fr., A. Rodger 160 (CAL herb. acc. no. 384994). NEPAL. Type collections as cited above. THAILAND. Chiang Rai province, Sahnpayapry, above and south of payapry village, Teu Tai subdistrict, 22 July 2006, fl. &amp; immat. fr., J.F. Maxwell 06-499 (L.3906128, L.3906129); Nakhon province, Karom Waterfall, Foot hills of Khao Luang, 30 October 1993, immat. fr., Kai Larsen et al. 44149 (E00726632). VIETNAM. Ninh Thu ận, Annam, Ca-Na prov., Phanrang, 28 November 1923, fl., E. Poilane 8829 (P02009094).</p> <p>Notes: —The collection, Wallich 2595 from Nepal comprises three elements. For example, the supposed duplicate at K (K000228471) bears two twigs, of which the left hand side specimen is of Phoebe lanceolata while the right hand side twig represents P. cathia. The species is somewhat poorly known and it needs further investigation. There is a specimen from Thailand at E (E00726632) identified as P. pallida and it bears globose immature fruits with about 5 mm long pedicels.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/861C878BFFF2C95D15B8A57AFEDEE940	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chakrabarty, Tapas;Kumar, Anand;Ghoshal, Partha Pratim	Chakrabarty, Tapas, Kumar, Anand, Ghoshal, Partha Pratim (2023): A revision of the genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) in the Indo-Burmese region. Phytotaxa 606 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3
861C878BFFF2C95C15B8A2DAFE21EB94.text	861C878BFFF2C95C15B8A2DAFE21EB94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoebe tavoyana (Meisn.) Hooker 1886	<div><p>8. Phoebe tavoyana (Meisn.) Hooker (1886: 143).</p> <p>Type:— MYANMAR. Tavoy, 1839, fl., C.S.P. Parish 151 (holotype: K000575990, digital image!).</p> <p>Basionym:— Machilus tavoyana Meisner (1864: 41).</p> <p>Heterotypic synonym:— Phoebe pubescens sensu Kurz (1877: 290), non P. pubescens (Nees) Nees von Esenbeck (1836: 107).</p> <p>Trees, 9–15 m high; bud scale scars in dense rings around twigs; young shoots fulvous or greyish or brown tomentose; branchlets greyish or tawny tomentellous to scattered puberulous, glabrescent. Leaves evenly spaced and also more or less clustered at the ends of the twigs, narrowly oblong-elliptic, lanceolate-oblong or occasionally oblong-oblanceolate, 12–47 × 2.5–11 cm, cuneate-attenuate at base, caudate-acuminate (acumen 5–50 mm long) at apex, membranous (especially when young) to chartaceous, scattered puberulous on midrib (when young) to glabrous above, greyish or tawny tomentellous to scattered puberulous on major veins beneath, blackish, brown or greenish or dark reddish brown above when dry, greenish or brown or coppery and often glaucescent beneath; lateral veins slender, (8–)10–16 pairs, prominent above, raised beneath; tertiary veins obscure to faint above, faint to prominent beneath; veinlets obscure above, obscure to faint beneath; petioles 10–50 mm long, scattered greyish or tawny puberulous, tomentellous to glabrous. Panicles 8–24 cm long, very slender pedunculate, few- to many-branched; axis and branches scattered greyish, fulvous or tawny puberulous to tomentellous. Flowers: pedicels 3–5 mm long, sparsely or scattered greyish or fulvous puberulous; tepals broadly ovate, ovate-oblong or oblong-elliptic, 3–5 × 1.6–2.5 mm, scattered greyish or fulvous puberulous to tomentellous outside; stamens 2–2.5 mm long; staminodes ca. 1.5 mm long; ovary subglobose, ca. 1.6 mm in diam.; style ca. 2 mm long; stigma discoid. Fruits ovoid to ellipsoid, 0.8–1.7 × 0.6–1 cm; fruiting pedicels 5–8 mm long, not or slightly thickened, glabrous; fruiting tepals 4–6 mm long.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering in February to December and fruiting in April to January.</p> <p>Habitat: —Common in tropical evergreen forests up to 1500 m elevation.</p> <p>Distribution: — Cambodia, China, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— CAMBODIA. Kompong Cham, Kralien, 17 December 1965, fl., J.E. Vidal 4743B (L.1812360). CHINA. Hainan, 7 August 1933, fl., H.Y. Liang 62470 (CINC-V-0008375). LAOS. Oudomxay province, Namor dist., Ai Nasavang village, 24 March 2002, fl., Kham Korn 392 (L.4310124). MALAYSIA. Ulu Muda FR., North Kedah, 19 January 1969, fr., Y.C. Chan FRI 6741 (L.1812332). MYANMAR. Zwegabin, February 1938, fl., F.G. Dickason 7021 (CAL). Pyinmana, March 1938, fl., F.G. Dickason 7127 (CAL, L.1812358). Tenasserim, s.d., fl., Helfer, Kew Distrib. No. 4260 (CAL herb. acc. no. 385143, P02009119, P02009120, U.1417551). Tenasserim, Mooltar, 25 April 1877, fr., G. Gallatly 906 (CAL herb. acc. nos. 385064, 385070, 385071). Chu hu plains, 27 April 1877, fr., G. Gallatly 943 (CAL herb. acc. nos. 385065, 385066, 385067, 385068, 385069). Bhamo, 18 May 1910, fr., G.E.S. Cubitt 598 (CAL). Kowpok, 1912, fr., A. Meebold 17018 (CAL). Toungoo, West Swa reserve, Natzi stream, 11 March 1914, fl., C.G. Rogers 368 (CAL). Maymyo dist., Nyaungni, 6 May 1925, fl., C.E. Parkinson 655 (CAL). Pegu, Binedah forests, February 1862, fl., D. Brandis 921 (CAL). Pegu, Touqueqhat, s.d., fl., W.S. Kurz 979 (CAL [3 sheets]); ibid., immat. fr., W.S. Kurz 979 (CAL herb. acc. no. 385156). Pegu, without locality, 7 February 1871, fl., W.S. Kurz 2421 (CAL [2 sheets]). Tavoy, November 1900, fr., S. Mokim 291 (CAL [6 sheets]). THAILAND. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Sichun, Wang Dong waterfall, 11 February 2005, fl., Kyle Williams et al. 1383 (L.3908021). VIETNAM. Lam Dong province, Baoloc dist., Dai Lao forest, ca. 19 km SW Baoloc city, 29 April 2008, fr., D. Djendoel Soejarto et al. 14051 (L.3906143).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/861C878BFFF2C95C15B8A2DAFE21EB94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chakrabarty, Tapas;Kumar, Anand;Ghoshal, Partha Pratim	Chakrabarty, Tapas, Kumar, Anand, Ghoshal, Partha Pratim (2023): A revision of the genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) in the Indo-Burmese region. Phytotaxa 606 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.606.1.3
