identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
197787BAFFD6932B7FC99EBFFCA6F872.text	197787BAFFD6932B7FC99EBFFCA6F872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Karreriella siphonella (Reuss 1851)	<div><p>Karreriella siphonella (Reuss, 1851)</p> <p>Pl. 1, figs. 2–3</p> <p>Gaudryina siphonella Reuss, 1851, p.78, pl.5, figs. 40a, b; 42a, b.</p> <p>Karreriella siphonella King, 1989, p. 456, pl. 9.2, fig. 3; Hemleben et al., 1990, p. 194, pl. 12, fig. 17–18; pl. 25, fig. 8.</p> <p>Description: The chamber walls are agglutinated. The test is elongate, rounded in cross-section and trochospiral in the early stage, reducing to triserial and biserial in the adult stage. The chambers enlarge toward the terminal end. The sutures are depressed and the aperture is terminal and slit-like.</p> <p>Remarks: This species has a relatively large test size of up to 0.2x 1.5 mm. Specimens of this species form a major component of the agglutinate foraminifera in this study in all three cores, but a minor component (&lt;5%) of the total benthic foraminiferal assemblage.</p> <p>Life strategy: The genus Karreriella is epifaunal, unattached and prefers muddy sediments on the outer shelf to slope (Murray, 2006).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Karreriella occurs from the Eocene to Recent (Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is documented to occur in middle Miocene sediments of the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFD6932B7FC99EBFFCA6F872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFD593287FC99BD3FD1BFC98.text	197787BAFFD593287FC99BD3FD1BFC98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bigenerina (Bigenerina) nodosaria d'Orbigny 1826	<div><p>Bigenerina (Bigenerina) nodosaria d’Orbigny, 1826</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 4</p> <p>Bigenerina nodoasaria d’Orbigny, 1826, p. 261, pl. 11, figs. 9–12; Jones, 1994, p. 49, pl. 44, figs. 14–18.</p> <p>Description: The test and chamber walls are agglutinated and well cemented. The test is elongate, with a slightly enlarged initial portion, which has a biserial arrangement, becoming uniserial in the later chamber arrangement. The initial portion is convex and slightly pointed. The sutures are depressed. The aperture is terminal and rounded in the centre of the final chamber. The aperture is rounded on a short neck above the terminal chamber.</p> <p>Remarks: This species has a relatively large test size of up to 0.2x 1.5 mm. Few specimens have been found in cores 2670 and 2682, forming trace components (&lt;1%) of the total benthic foraminifera assemblage.</p> <p>Life strategy: The genus Bigenerina is infaunal (Kender, 2007) under high eutrophic, high productivity marine conditions (Fontanier et al., 2002).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Kender et al., (2008) reported Bigenerina sp. from the Congo Basin, but this species does not appear to be Bigenerina (Bigenerina) nodosaria. This study records the species in relatively low abundances (&lt;5%) on the continental shelf of northern Namibia.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFD593287FC99BD3FD1BFC98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFD593287FC998FDFCD9F9B4.text	197787BAFFD593287FC998FDFCD9F9B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clavulinoides trilatera (Cushman 1926)	<div><p>Clavulinoides trilatera (Cushman, 1926)</p> <p>Pl. 1, figs. 5–7</p> <p>Clavulina trilatera Cushman, 1926, p. 588, pl. 17, fig. 2.</p> <p>Clavulina trilatera var. aspera Cushman, 1926, p. 589, pl. 17, fig. 3; Cushman, 1946, p. 38, pl. 9, figs. 10–16.</p> <p>Clavulinoides trilatera Mello, 1969, p. 50, pl. 1, fig. 3a–b.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is agglutinated and well cemented. The test is triangular in section, tapering towards the initial end and broadening towards the apertural end. The early stage is triserial, becoming uniserial and angular as chambers are added. The chambers enlarge as added, with flush sutures. The aperture is rounded, dentate and terminal.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is infaunal (Ali, 2015) at slope to abyssal depths (Alegret et al., 2002; Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens from this species are large, measuring up to 0.5x 2 mm. Few specimens have been found in core 2670, forming a minor component (&lt;5%) of the total foraminifera composition.</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study records C. trilatera to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFD593287FC998FDFCD9F9B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFD593297FC99C11FCD9FE59.text	197787BAFFD593297FC99C11FCD9FE59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clavulina angularis d'Orbigny 1826	<div><p>Clavulina angularis d’Orbigny, 1826</p> <p>Pl. 1, figs. 8–9</p> <p>Clavulina angularis Brady, 1884, p. 396, pl.48, figs. 22–24; Said, 1949, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 19; Le Calvez, 1977, p.10, figs. 1–3; Banner &amp; Pereira, 1981, pl. 9, figs. 5–6, pl. 10, figs. 4, 6, 10; Weidich, 1988, p. 340, pl, 2, figs. 1–24; Hottinger et al., 1993, p. 41 –42, pl. 21, figs. 1–13.</p> <p>Clavulina pacifica, Cushman, 1924, p. 22; Coleman, 1980, figs. 1–3, pl. 1, figs. 1–8.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is agglutinated, triangular in section and well cemented. The early stage is triserial, becoming uniserial and angular as chambers are added. Sutures are depressed. The aperture is rounded, dentate and terminal.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens from this species are large, up to 0.5x 2 mm. Few specimens of Clavulina angularis have been found in core 2670, forming trace components (&lt;1%) of the total benthic foraminifera assemblage.</p> <p>Life strategy: The species C. angularis has been reported to be infaunal and occurring in muddy sands (Abu-Zied et al., 2011).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study records C. angularis to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFD593297FC99C11FCD9FE59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFD493297FC999F6FCD9FAE1.text	197787BAFFD493297FC999F6FCD9FAE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dentalina albatrossi , Jones 1994	<div><p>Dentalina albatrossi (Cushman, 1923a)</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 10</p> <p>Nodosaria vertebralis var. albatrossi, Cushman, 1923a, p. 47, pl. 15, fig. 1.</p> <p>Dentalina albatrossi, Jones, 1994, p. 76, pl. 64, figs. 11–12, 14; Hanagata &amp; Nobuhara, 2014, p. 25, fig. 9.12–9.13.</p> <p>Description: The wall is calcareous, hyaline. The test is elongate, slightly arcuate and uniserial, with the initial chamber possessing a short spine. Longitudinal continuous costae cover the test surface. The sutures are not depressed for most of the length of the test, except for the last few chambers towards the terminal end of the test. The chambers enlarge gradually toward the terminal end. The terminal chambers are also more oval in shape, compared to the initial portion of the test. The aperture is slightly protruding, terminal and radiate.</p> <p>Remarks: Few tests of this species were found, comprising &lt;1% of the total benthic foraminifera assemblage in core 2670. The tests are up to 3 mm long and thin, measuring 0.15 mm in cross-section.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is infaunal and adapted to suboxic to dysoxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994, 1999).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Dentalina albatrossi is documented to occur from the Miocene to Recent (Jones, 1994).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study records D. albatrossi to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFD493297FC999F6FCD9FAE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFD493267FC99D0EFCD9FEED.text	197787BAFFD493267FC99D0EFCD9FEED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laevidentalina inornata (d'Orbigny 1846)	<div><p>Laevidentalina inornata (d’Orbigny, 1846)</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 11</p> <p>Dentalina inornata d’Orbigny, 1846, p. 44, pl. 1, figs. 50–51; Papp &amp; Schmid, 1985, p. 28, pl. 9, figs. 5–8.</p> <p>Description: The test surface is smooth, calcareous, hyaline and circular in cross section. The test is elongate, arcuate and uniserial, with nine chambers gradually increasing in size towards the terminal end. The proloculus is rounded. The sutures are depressed and horisontal. The aperture is terminal, with slits radiating towards the end.</p> <p>Remarks: Few tests of this species were recorded, comprising &lt;1% of the total foraminiferal assemblage in core 2670. The tests are up to 1 mm long and thin, measuring 0.1 mm in cross-section.</p> <p>The classification was made as Laevidentalina, based on the description in Loeblich &amp; Tappan (1988). It is distinguished from Dentalina in having a smooth surface, rather than having longitudinal costae.</p> <p>Life strategy: The genus Laevidentalina is infaunal (Alegret et al., 2003) and occurs under a variety of oxic conditions, e.g., under high oxygen conditions in the Mediterranean Sea (Cimerman &amp; Langer, 1991; Sgarrella &amp; Moncharmont Zei, 1993; Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012) and under suboxic to dysoxic conditions (Rögl &amp; Spezzaferri, 2002).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: The stratigraphic range for the genus Laevidentalina is Cretaceous to Recent (Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study records L. inornata to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFD493267FC99D0EFCD9FEED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDB93267FC99AA5FCA6FB96.text	197787BAFFDB93267FC99AA5FCA6FB96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laevidentalina soluta (Reuss 1851)	<div><p>Laevidentalina soluta (Reuss, 1851)</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 12</p> <p>Dentalina soluta Reuss, 1851, p. 60, pl. 3, figs. 4a–b.</p> <p>Nodosaria (Dentalina) soluta Brady, 1884, p. 503, pl. 62, figs. 13–16.</p> <p>Description: The wall is calcareous and covered with short spines. The test is elongate, slightly arcuate, uniserial and circular in cross-section.Approximately six rounded conical chambers are connected to the next by a short neck. The base of each chamber is covered with hirsute structures. The aperture is terminal, at the end of a short neck.</p> <p>Remarks: The specimen is long (2 mm) and thin (0.5 mm). The relative abundance is generally low, forming trace components (&lt;1%) in some of the samples of core 2670.</p> <p>Life strategy: Laevidentalina spp. are regarded as being infaunal (Alegret et al., 2003) under varying oxygen conditions (Cimerman &amp; Langer, 1991; Sgarella &amp; Moncharmont Zei, 1993; Rögl &amp; Spezzaferri, 2002; Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: The stratigraphic range for the genus Laevidentalina is Cretaceous to Recent (Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is recorded to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDB93267FC99AA5FCA6FB96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDB93267FC99F6DFD19F91F.text	197787BAFFDB93267FC99F6DFD19F91F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laevidentalina undefined-A	<div><p>Laevidentalina sp. A</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 13</p> <p>Description: The test wall is smooth, calcareous and hyaline. The test is elongate, and uniserial, with the chambers gradually increasing in size towards the terminal end. The sutures are depressed. The aperture is terminal, with slits radiating towards the end.</p> <p>Remarks: The test is 0.1 mm in cross-section diameter and 1 mm in length.</p> <p>The classification was made based on the description provided by Loeblich &amp; Tappan (1988) as Dentalina has a smooth surface, rather than having longitudinal costae.</p> <p>Life strategy: Laevidentalina spp. have been documented as being infaunal (Alegret et al., 2003) under varying oxygen conditions (Cimerman &amp; Langer, 1991; Sgarella &amp; Moncharmont Zei, 1993; Rögl &amp; Spezzaferri, 2002; Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: The stratigraphic range for the genus Laevidentalina is Cretaceous to Recent (Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is recorded to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDB93267FC99F6DFD19F91F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDB93277FC99DD7FCA6FE02.text	197787BAFFDB93277FC99DD7FCA6FE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laevidentalina undefined-B	<div><p>Laevidentalina sp. B</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 14</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous. The test is elongate, slender, uniserial, arcuate and circular in cross-section. The initial end is pointed. The chambers are separated by flush sutures and gradually increase in size toward the apertural end. The surface of the test is smooth. The aperture is terminal and arcuate in shape on a short neck.</p> <p>Remarks: Few tests of this species were recorded, accounting for a trace component (&lt;1%) of the assemblage in core 2670. The tests are relatively large, measuring 0.1 mm in cross section and up to 1 mm in length.</p> <p>Life strategy: The genus Laevidentalina has been reported as being infaunal (Alegret et al., 2003) under high (Cimerman &amp; Langer, 1991; Sgarella &amp; Moncharmont Zei, 1993; Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012) and suboxic to dysoxic conditions (Rögl &amp; Spezzaferri, 2002).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: The stratigraphic range for the genus Laevidentalina is Cretaceous to Recent (Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is recorded to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDB93277FC99DD7FCA6FE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDA93277FC9992EFCA6FBCC.text	197787BAFFDA93277FC9992EFCA6FBCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grigelis semirugosus (d'Orbigny 1846)	<div><p>Grigelis semirugosus (d’Orbigny, 1846)</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 15</p> <p>Nodosaria pyrula d’Orbigny, 1826, p. 253, fig. 13.</p> <p>Nodosaria semirugosa d’Orbigny, 1846, p. 34, pl. 1, fig. 20–23; Papp &amp; Schmid, 1985, p. 24, pl. 4, figs. 6–8.</p> <p>Grigelis semirugosa Jones, 1994, p. 75, pl. 63, figs. 23–27.</p> <p>Description: The wall is calcareous, hyaline. The test is elongate, uniserial and semi-circular in cross section. The chambers are rounded and oval in shape.A tubular neck separates each chamber from the next. Ridges are prominent on the base of each chamber. The rounded aperture is terminal at the end of a long thin neck.</p> <p>Remarks: Few specimens of this species were recorded, comprising &lt;1% of the total foraminiferal assemblage in core 2670. Tests are long, measuring 0.25 mm in cross-section and up to 3 mm in length.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Grigelis are infaunal, under suboxic conditions (Pezelj et al., 2013).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species is recorded to occur from the Miocene to Recent (Jones, 1994).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Grigelis semirugosus occurs in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDA93277FC9992EFCA6FBCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDA93277FC99FDEFCA6F88C.text	197787BAFFDA93277FC99FDEFCA6F88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nodosaria maoensis Bermudez 1949	<div><p>Nodosaria maoensis Bermúdez, 1949</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 16</p> <p>Bermúdez, 1949, p. 145, pl. 9, fig. 53.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous, hyaline. The test is elongate, multilocular and uniserial. The chambers are ovate in shape and covered in four longitudinal costae that run along the length of the test surface. The chambers gradually increase in size towards the terminal end. The aperture is terminal.</p> <p>Remarks: Few tests of this species were recorded. They were broken, comprising &lt;1% of the total foraminiferal assemblage in core 2670. The tests are long and thin (0.2 mm in cross-section and up to 2.5 mm long).</p> <p>Life strategy: Species from the genus Nodosaria have been classified as infaunal, under suboxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species has been recorded to occur in the middle Miocene (Bermúdez, 1949).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: N. maoensis is documented to occur in middle Miocene sediments of the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDA93277FC99FDEFCA6F88C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFD993247FC99FD1FCEAF881.text	197787BAFFD993247FC99FD1FCEAF881.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudonodosaria brevis (d'Orbigny 1846)	<div><p>Pseudonodosaria brevis (d’Orbigny, 1846)</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 19</p> <p>Dentalina brevis d’Orbigny, 1846, p. 48, pl. 2, figs. 9, 10.</p> <p>Glandulina discreta Reuss, 1850, p. 366, pl. 46, fig. 3; Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1964, C522, fig. 408: 5–6.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous, hyaline. The test is large, ovate, globular and circular in cross section. Chambers become larger as added. Sutures are depressed, with the aperture radiate, projecting slightly from the larger last chamber.</p> <p>Remarks: One test identified as Pseudonodosaria brevis was found between 74 and 79 cm in core 2670. The test is of moderate size, measuring 0.4 mm in cross-section and up to 0.9 mm in length.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is infaunal and adapted to suboxic conditions (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This is the first documentation of this species in the area for the middle Miocene Namibian continental shelf. This species has, however, been recorded by Hay et al. (1984) in slope sediments off the Walvis Ridge in late Miocene to Pleistocene sediments.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFD993247FC99FD1FCEAF881	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFD993247FC9994DFF22FBC1.text	197787BAFFD993247FC9994DFF22FBC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyramidulina latejugata (Gumbel 1870)	<div><p>Pyramidulina latejugata (Gümbel, 1870)</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 18</p> <p>Nodosaria latejugata Gümbel, 1870, p. 619, pl. 1, fig. 32.</p> <p>Nodosaria affinis Cushman &amp; Renz, 1942, p. 6, pl. 1, figs. 8–10; Cushman &amp; Jarvis, 1930, p. 34, pl. 10, fig. 13.</p> <p>Description: The wall is calcareous, hyaline. The test is thick, elongate and uniserial, with a single spine at the base. The sutures are depressed. Longitudinal costae cover the length of the test from the base to the radiate apertural end.</p> <p>Remarks: Few tests of this species were recorded. They were commonly broken and comprised only &lt;1% of the total foraminiferal assemblage in core 2670. The tests are elongated, measuring 0.1 mm in cross-section and up to 3 mm in length.</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This is the first documentation of this species in middle Miocene sediments along the southwestern margin of Africa, occurring on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFD993247FC9994DFF22FBC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFD893257FC99BD3FD1BFB52.text	197787BAFFD893257FC99BD3FD1BFB52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lingulina seminuda Hantken 1875	<div><p>Lingulina seminuda Hantken, 1875</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 20</p> <p>Lingulina costata var. seminuda Hantken, 1875, p. 41 –42, pl. 4, fig. 8a–b.</p> <p>Lingulina seminuda Cushman &amp; Jarvis, 1930, p. 361, pl. 33, fig. 3a–b; LeRoy &amp; Levinson, 1974, p. 8, pl. 4, fig. 10–11; Cicha et al, 1998, p. 111, pl. 22, fig. 2; Horváth, 2003, p. 13, pl. I, fig, 13, pl. II, fig, 13.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous, smooth and finely perforate. The test is large, biconvex, ovate in outline, uniserial and rectilinear. The length of the test is slightly greater than the width. Three distinct chambers can be seen rapidly increasing toward the apertural end. The final chamber is inflated and much larger than the initial two chambers, comprising approximately three quarters of the test size. Costae stretch along the margin of the test, from the apical end towards the apertural end. The aperture is an elongate terminal slit.</p> <p>Remarks: This Lingulina species differs from Lingulina costata in that it is more globular in shape, does not have costae throughout the test surface, but only at the margins. The initial chambers are smaller than those in Lingulina costata. The Lingulina seminuda specimens from this study best resemble Lingulina sp. B in Robertson (1998, p.54, pl.18, fig. 1) and are slightly more inflated than the specimen described in LeRoy &amp; Levinson (1974). The sutures are slightly less depressed than L. seminuda in Cushman &amp; Jarvis (1930) and Jones (1994).</p> <p>Only a few specimens (&lt;1% of the total foraminifera assemblage in core 2670) of Lingulina seminuda were identified in this study. The test size of specimens in this study ranges between ~1 and 2 mm in diameter. Cushman &amp; Jarvis (1930) mention Lingulina seminuda tests from Jamaica to be up to 2.5 mm. LeRoy &amp; Levinson (1974) had test sizes of up to 2.1 mm in length and 1.4 mm in breadth, while Horváth (2003) had a size range of 1.5 to 2 mm in length and 1.2 to 1.6 mm in width.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Lingulina are shallow infaunal and inhabit low energy, deep environments in soft muddy substrates (Reolid et al., 2013).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Jones (1994) identified the stratigraphic range of L. seminuda to be Pleistocene to Recent, but specimens of L. seminuda have also been documented to occur in Miocene-aged deposits (Cushman &amp; Jarvis, 1930; Cicha et al., 1998).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species occurs in middle Miocene sediments of the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFD893257FC99BD3FD1BFB52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFD893257FC99EB7FCA6F80E.text	197787BAFFD893257FC99EB7FCA6F80E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectofrondicularia undefined-A	<div><p>Plectofrondicularia sp. A</p> <p>Pl. 1, fig. 21</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous. The test is flat, with a keeled periphery and pronounced proloculus, with later uniserial chambers extending in an angular arched chevron-shape towards the terminal chamber. The test widens and curves where it narrows towards the apertural end. The sutures are limbate and the aperture terminal, radiate with projecting laminae fusing centrally.</p> <p>Remarks: The tests are mostly broken and are moderately large in size (up to 0.6 mm in width and 1 mm in length), in trace abundances (&lt;1%).</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Plectofrondicularia are infaunal and adapted to suboxic conditions (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is recorded in middle Miocene sediments from the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFD893257FC99EB7FCA6F80E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDF93227FC99B9BFAA1FC2D.text	197787BAFFDF93227FC99B9BFAA1FC2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectofrondicularia undefined-B	<div><p>Plectofrondicularia sp. B</p> <p>Pl. 2, figs. 1–2</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous. The test is flat with a keeled periphery and biserial in the early stage, becoming uniserial as chambers are added. The later chambers are chevron-shaped. The side abruptly widens and curves where it narrows towards the apertural end. The initial stage protrudes more than the later stage chambers. The sutures are limbate and the aperture terminal, radial with projecting laminae fusing centrally.</p> <p>Remarks: The tests are large in size (up to 1 mm in width and 3 mm in length), in trace abundances (&lt;1%) in all three cores.</p> <p>The tests range between narrow (pl. 2, fig. 1) and broad (pl. 2, fig. 2). The tests are mostly broken and resemble Frondicularia sagittula in Jones (1994; pl. 65, fig. 23) and Plectofrondicularia vaughani in Holbourn et al. (2013, p. 422), but with a peripheral keel and the absence of a basal spine. In this study, the specimens have been classified as Plectofrondicularia based on the presence of a keeled margin (Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988). The specimens in this study were not assigned to P. vaughani, because of its broader peripheral keel and thicker, more pronounced proloculus.</p> <p>Life strategy: Plectofrondicularia spp. have been documented to occur as infaunal and under suboxic conditions (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species occurs in middle Miocene sediments from the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study). Wefer et al. (1998) recorded minor occurrences of Plectofrondicularia spp. (Plectofrondicularia cf. inaequalis, Plectofrondicularia cf. raricosta and Plectofrondicularia cf. semicosta) in late Miocene to Pleistocene-aged sediments along the Namibian and southwestern South African slope. The highest abundances (&lt;10%) were recorded along the northern Namibian slope (Wefer et al., 1998).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDF93227FC99B9BFAA1FC2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDF93227FC998E5FF22FA74.text	197787BAFFDF93227FC998E5FF22FA74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectofrondicularia undefined-C	<div><p>Plectofrondicularia sp. C</p> <p>Pl. 2, fig. 3</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous. The test is flat, with a thin keeled periphery. The test slightly broadens midway, before narrowing again towards the apertural end. The sides of the test slightly widen and curve, where it narrows towards the apertural end. The initial stage protrudes more than the later stage chambers. Costae extend from the initial end to midway of the test.</p> <p>Remarks: The test is more rounded than Plectofrondicularia spp. A and B. The tests are large (up to 0.5 mm in width and 3 mm in length), forming trace abundances (&lt;1%) of the total foraminiferal assemblage.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Plectofrondicularia have been reported to be infaunal under suboxic conditions (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species occurs in middle Miocene sediments on the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study). Wefer et al. (1998) recorded minor occurrences of Plectofrondicularia spp. in Miocene to Pleistocene-aged sediments along the western continental slope of southern Africa.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDF93227FC998E5FF22FA74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDF93237FC99C13FB64FB96.text	197787BAFFDF93237FC99C13FB64FB96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lenticulina calcar (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Lenticulina calcar (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Pl. 2, figs. 4-5</p> <p>Nautilus calcar Linnaeus, 1758, p. 709, pl. 14, fig. 14; Linnaeus, 1767, p. 1162, 272.</p> <p>Lenticulina calcar De Blainville, 1825, p. 390; Barker, 1960, p. 146, pl. 70, figs. 9–12; LeRoy &amp; Levinson, 1974, p. 7, pl. 3, fig. 12; Martin, 1981, p. 32, pl. 8, fig. 6; Kohl, 1985, p. 47, pl. 10, figs. 4–5; Papp &amp; Schmid, 1985, pl. 30, figs. 1–3; Lowry, 1987, p. 165, pl. 9, fig. 4; Bolli et al., 1994, p. 294, pl. 294, pl. 77, fig. 5; Kender et al., 2008, p. 510, pl. 14, fig. 14.</p> <p>Robulina calcar d’Orbigny, 1846, p. 99, pl. 4, figs. 18–20; Renz, 1948, pl. 3, fig. 6.</p> <p>Cristellaria calcar Parker et al., 1871, p. 241, pl. 10, figs. 91–94; Brady, 1884, p. 551, pl. 7, figs. 9–12; Nuttall, 1928, pl. 5, fig. 8; Macfayden, 1930, pl. 3, fig. 17.</p> <p>Robulus calcar Cushman, 1923b, p. 115, pl. 30, fig. 7, pl. 31, figs. 4–5; Bandy, 1956, p. 197, pl. 30, fig. 11; Braga, 1960, p. 101, pl. 10, fig. 4.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is smooth and calcareous. The large test is involute, planispiral, biconvex with a keeled periphery. Tests have three to four spines extending from alternating chambers. There are up to seven limbate chambers visible in the final whorl, increasing gradually in size toward the apertural end. The sutures are slightly curved. The aperture is terminal and radiate.</p> <p>Remarks: Lenticulina calcar generally occurs in low relative abundances (&lt;1%) in this study. LeRoy &amp; Levinson (1974) reported a maximum diameter of 0.85 mm. Tests in this study are slightly larger with diameters of up to 1 mm.</p> <p>This species is distinguished from the other Lenticulina spp. through its spines that extend from the keeled margin of the test. The sutures of this species is also more raised compared to others in this genus.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is recorded to live unattached, epifaunal (Corliss and Chen, 1988) and under oxic (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein) to suboxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994), preferring muddy substrates (Murray, 1991) on the shelf to middle slope (Gallagher et al., 2001).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Lenticulina calcar is documented as an extant species, occurring in Miocene to Recent strata (Jones, 1994).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: The distribution of L. calcar is widespread chronostratigraphically in late Cenozoic strata and spatially along the margin of southern Africa. This species occurs in Miocene strata in the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2008) to south of the Kunene River mouth (this study). Wefer et al. (1998) do not distinguish between the different species, but recorded minor relative abundances for Lenticulina spp. of less than 5% along the Namibian slope from the late Miocene to Pleistocene. The occurrence of Lenticulina calcar has also been recorded along the entire coastline of South Africa in surface sediments (Martin, 1981; Lowry, 1987).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDF93237FC99C13FB64FB96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDE93237FC99F63FC67F8D8.text	197787BAFFDE93237FC99F63FC67F8D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lenticulina cultrata (Montfort 1808)	<div><p>Lenticulina cultrata (Montfort, 1808)</p> <p>Pl. 2, figs. 6a–b</p> <p>Robulus cultrata de Montfort, 1808, p. 214, fig. 54e.</p> <p>Lenticulina cultrata Kohl, 1985, p. 47, pl. 10, fig. 6–7; Weidich, 1990, p. 123.</p> <p>Description: The wall is calcareous, smooth and finely perforate. The test is planispiral, involute and biconvex, with a peripheral keel. The chambers gradually increase in size toward the terminal aperture. The sutures are flush and slightly curved. The aperture is radiate and terminal.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens are relatively large, with a diameter of up to 1 mm. The relative abundance is generally low, forming minor components (&lt;5%) in some of the core samples.</p> <p>Lenticulina cultrata is similar to other species in this genus, but can be distinguished by its rounded shape and concave profile, that is supported by its central pillar. The terminal apertural face is also straight, extending from the aperture to the central boss.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Lenticulina are generally epifaunal (Corliss and Chen, 1988) under oxic (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein) to suboxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: McMillan (2003) identified L. cultrata in Cretaceous deposits, extending the stratigraphic range for this species to that period.</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species has been reported in early Cretaceous-aged deposits of the Eastern Cape, South Africa (McMillan, 2003). This study documents the species in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDE93237FC99F63FC67F8D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDD93207FC99B9BFA89FB92.text	197787BAFFDD93207FC99B9BFA89FB92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lenticulina gibba (d'Orbigny 1839)	<div><p>Lenticulina gibba (d’Orbigny, 1839)</p> <p>Pl. 2, figs. 7–8</p> <p>Cristellaria gibba d’Orbigny, 1839, p. 40, pl. 7, figs. 20–21; Brady, 1884, p. 546, pl. 69, figs. 8–9.</p> <p>Robulus oblongus Coryell &amp; Rivero, 1940, p. 332, pl. 43, fig. 12.</p> <p>Robulus gibbus Bermúdez, 1949, p. 126, pl. 7, figs. 53–54.</p> <p>Lenticulina gibba Barker, 1960, pl. 69, figs. 8–9; Lowry, 1987, p. 168, pl. 9, fig.2; Jones, 1994, p. 81, pl. 69, figs. 8–9; Robertson, 1998, p. 66, pl. 22, fig. 4.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous, smooth and finely perforate. The test is planispiral involute and longer than wide; biconvex in side view. A narrow keel surrounds the periphery of the test, becoming narrower along later chambers. There are six to nine chambers in the final whorl. The chambers gradually increase in size toward the terminal chamber. The sutures are flush and slightly curved. The aperture is radiate and terminal.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens are moderately sized, measuring 0.5 mm in diameter and 0.75 mm in length. The relative abundance is generally low, forming minor components (&lt;5%) in some of the core samples.</p> <p>This species appears more elongated and oblong compared to other Lenticulina species in the assemblage. The central boss, from where the test’s curved radial sutures extend, is not as largely developed as many other species. There is a variation in the width of the keel between specimens of this species.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Lenticulina are generally epifaunal (Corliss and Chen, 1988) under oxic (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein) to suboxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994). The bathymetric range of Lenticulina gibba is reported as shelf to upper slope (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species is documented to be extant and occurs in early Miocene to Recent strata (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study records L. gibba to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study). Lowry (1987) recorded this species in surface sediments on the continental shelf off Cape St. Blaize, Mossel Bay, on the southern margin of South Africa.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDD93207FC99B9BFA89FB92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDD93207FC99F60FC10F801.text	197787BAFFDD93207FC99F60FC10F801.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lenticulina iota Barker 1960	<div><p>Lenticulina iota (Cushman, 1923a)</p> <p>Pl. 2, figs. 9a–b</p> <p>Cristellaria cultrata Brady, 1884, p. 550, pl. 70, fig. 4–6.</p> <p>Cristellaria iota Cushman, 1923a, p. 111, pl. 29, fig. 2; pl. 30, fig. 1.</p> <p>Lenticulina iota Barker, 1960, pl. 70, fig. 4–6; Thomas, 1988, p. 74, pl. 1, fig. 10; Jones, 1994, p. 81, pl. 70, fig. 4–6; Holbourn et al., 2013, p. 336.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous, smooth and finely perforate. The test is planispiral, involute and biconvex in side view. A keel surrounds the test margin. The keel is initially broad, narrowing towards the terminal end. The chambers gradually increase in size. The sutures are flush and curved. The aperture is radiate and terminal.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens are relatively large, measuring up to 1 mm in diameter.The relative abundance is generally low, forming minor components (&lt;1%) in some of the core samples.</p> <p>Similar to most other species in this genus, L. iota is rounded, but is distinguished from the other Lenticulina spp. by its broad and thin, near transparent or translucent keel around the margin of the test. The umbilical pillar is also thicker and more pronounced, compared to other species, e.g., L. cultrata.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Lenticulina are generally epifaunal (Corliss and Chen, 1988) under oxic (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein) to suboxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994). The bathymetric range of Lenticulina iota is given as shelf to upper slope (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species is extant and occurs from the Miocene to Recent (Thomas, 1988).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study documents L. iota to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the outer Namibian continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study). Lowry (1987) recorded this species from the continental shelf in surface sediments off Cape Agulhas, South Africa.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDD93207FC99F60FC10F801	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDC93217FC99BD3FCA6F9DE.text	197787BAFFDC93217FC99BD3FCA6F9DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marginulinopsis costata (Batsch 1791)	<div><p>Marginulinopsis costata (Batsch, 1791)</p> <p>Pl. 2, figs. 10–12</p> <p>Nautilus (Orthoceras) costatus Batsch, 1791, p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 1a–g.</p> <p>Marginulina raphanus d’Orbigny 1826, p. 258, pl. X, fig. 7–8.</p> <p>Marginulina costata Brady, 1884, p. 528, pl. 65, fig. 10–13; Bagg, 1912, p. 62, pl. XVIII, fig. 4; Cushman, 1921, p. 256, pl. 41, fig. 5–8; Heron-Allen &amp; Earland, 1922, p. 176; Cushman, 1923a, p. 132, pl. 37, fig. 2; Jones, 1994, p. 77, pl. 65, fig. 13; Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012, p. 74, fig. 18.26; Obaje &amp; Okosun, 2013, p. 360, pl. 1.18.</p> <p>Vaginulinopsis bradyi Jones, 1994, p. 77, pl. 65, figs. 11–12.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and finely perforate. The test is elongate, uniserial and circular in crosssection. The initial portion is coiled and round. Up to nine chambers are visible along the exterior. The chambers are rectilinearly arranged, separated by depressed sutures. The test is covered with thick longitudinal costae. The costae may extend from the initial to the terminal chamber and are slightly curved. Many of the specimens do not have the costae covering the terminal chambers. The final chamber is globular in shape, with a terminal and radiate aperture at the dorsal angle of a pronounced neck.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundance of M. costata is generally low, forming trace components (&lt;1%) in some of the samples of core 2670. There is variation in the size of the tests. Smaller specimens measure up to 0.2 mm in cross section diameter and 1 mm in length, while some tests that are ornamented throughout, are large, measuring up to 0.4 mm in cross section and 2 mm in length.</p> <p>The tests show a variable degree of size and ornamentation. Similarly, there appears to be variation in the ornamentation within this species itself and among the synonymies. For example, the test in pl. 2, fig. 10 closely resembles the sketched imaged of Marginulina bifurcata in Fornasini (1902), with the terminal chamber being just as strongly costate as the preceding chambers. Marginulina bifurcata has, however, been synonymised into M. costata. The specimens in figures 11 and 12 resemble Marginulina raphanus (d’Orbigny, 1826), but that species has a pointed initial end, whereas specimens from this study area is rounded along the initial portion. There has also been confusion in the identification of this taxon. Barker (1960) re-identified this species as Marginulinopsis bradyi, whereas Jones (1994) split the figured identifications of M. costata in Brady (1884) into Vaginulinopsis bradyi and M. costata. The original specimen of Marginulina bradyi appears to be more initially coiled and flatter, broadening towards the terminal end, whereas M. costata does not show the same initial portion and later stages. In this study, the figured specimens have been identified as Marginulinopsis costata. The figured specimens 11 and 12 also resemble that of Marginulina sendaiensis in Asano (1937, 1949), possessing less or no ornamentation on their terminal chamber and are more abundant (up to 5% in some of the samples) than those having tests completely covered in costae.The difference between Marginulina sendaiensis and M. costata is that the aperture of Marginulina sendaisensis is centrally located on the terminal chamber, but the aperture of M. costata is located excentrically.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of this genus are generally shallow-infaunal in environments with variable conditions of low to high oxygen (Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species occurs from the Jurassic to Recent (Bagg, 1912).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: M. costata is documented to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDC93217FC99BD3FCA6F9DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFDC933E7FC99DE3FC60FDB5.text	197787BAFFDC933E7FC99DE3FC60FDB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saracenaria italica Defrance 1824	<div><p>Saracenaria cf. italica</p> <p>Pl. 2, figs. 13–14</p> <p>Saracenaria italica Defrance, 1824, p. 344, pl. 13, fig. 6; Sandidge, 1932, p. 355, pl. XXXII, fig. 18; Barker, 1960, pl. 68, figs. 17–18; 20–23; Braga, 1960, p. 122, pl. 11, fig. 16; McMillan, 1974, p. 49, pl. 4, fig. 8; Martin, 1981, p. 34, pl. 10, fig. 3; Lowry, 1987, p. 177, pl. 9, figs. 16a, b.</p> <p>Cristellaria italica Brady, 1884, p. 544, pl. 68, figs. 17–18; 20–23; Cushman, 1923a, p. 125, pl. 35, figs. 2, 5–7.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and finely perforate. The test is planispiral, becoming rectilinear and triangular in cross-section. The sutures are curved and the apertural face is triangular and broad. The aperture is radiate at the dorsal angle of the final chamber.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens are relatively large, ranging between 0.5 and 1 mm in width and between 1 and 2 mm in length. The relative abundance is low, forming trace components (&lt;1%) in some of the samples in core 2670.</p> <p>This species resembles Saracenaria italica, but specimens are worn.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Saracenaria are generally epifaunal (Barbieri &amp; Panieri, 2004) under suboxic conditions (Gebhardt, 1999).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study documents the occurrence of this species in middle Miocene sediments from the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth. S. italica has been documented to occur in Quaternary surface sediments on the continental shelf off Lüderitz, Namibia around the southern margin of South Africa to north of Durban, South Africa (Martin, 1981; Lowry, 1987).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFDC933E7FC99DE3FC60FDB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC3933E7FC99983FB95FAA3.text	197787BAFFC3933E7FC99983FB95FAA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saracenaria midwayensis Kline 1943	<div><p>Saracenaria midwayensis Kline, 1943</p> <p>Pl. 3, figs. 1–2</p> <p>Kline, 1943, p. 30, pl. 3, figs. 3a–c.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous, smooth and finely perforate. The test is planispiral, becoming rectilinear. The test is triangular in section, with a rounded outline. The apertural face is triangular and broad. There are approximately 4 to 5 visible chambers along the length of the test. The aperture is radiate at the dorsal angle of the final chamber.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens of this species are relatively large, ranging between 0.5 and 1 mm in width and between 1 and 2 mm in length. The relative abundance is low, forming trace components (&lt;1%) in some of the samples in core 2670.</p> <p>The test is more rounded and broader, relative to its length and compared to Saracenaria italica, with a curved initial end. The terminal chamber is also more inflated and broader, covering more of the length of the test compared to S. italica.</p> <p>Life strategy: Saracenaria spp. have been reported to be epifaunal (Barbieri &amp; Panieri, 2004) under suboxic conditions (Gebhardt, 1999).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This is the first documentation of this species in middle Miocene strata in the region; occurring on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC3933E7FC99983FB95FAA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC3933E7FC99E71FB18F85B.text	197787BAFFC3933E7FC99E71FB18F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saracenaria spinosa Eichenberg 1935	<div><p>Saracenaria spinosa Eichenberg, 1935</p> <p>Pl. 3, figs. 3a–c</p> <p>Saracenaria spinosa Eichenberg, 1935, pl. 4, fig.5; Bolli et al., 1994, p. 28, fig. 8.44–8.48.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous, smooth and finely perforate. The test is planispiral, becoming rectilinear and is triangular in section, almost twice as long as wide. Ridges form along the test surface, ending in spines along margins and pointing away from the apertural end. Chambers enlarge toward the terminal end, with the terminal chamber being the largest. The initial end is slightly curved away from the apertural end. The apertural face is triangular and broad. The aperture is radiate at the dorsal angle of the final chamber.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens of this species are relatively large, measuring up to 0.5 mm in width and 1 mm in length. The relative abundance is low (&lt;1%).</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Saracenaria are generally epifaunal (Barbieri &amp; Panieri, 2004).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: S. spinosa is recorded to occur from the Cretaceous to Recent (Bolli et al., 1994).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This is the first documentation of this species in the region and occurs in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC3933E7FC99E71FB18F85B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC2933F7FC99F60FCA6F8E9.text	197787BAFFC2933F7FC99F60FCA6F8E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch 1791)	<div><p>Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch, 1791)</p> <p>Pl. 3, figs. 5a–b</p> <p>Nautilus (Ortoceras) scalaris Batsch, 1791, p. 2, pl. 2, figs. 4a–b.</p> <p>Nodosaria scalaris Brady, 1884, p. 510, pl. 63, figs. 28–31.</p> <p>Amphycorine falx Brady, 1884, p. 556, pl. 65, figs. 7–9.</p> <p>Amphicoryna scalaris Loeblich and Tappan, 1988, p. 410, pl. 450, figs. 11–15; Jones, 1994, p. 77, pl. 65, figs. 7–9; Yassini &amp; Jones, 1995, p. 136, fig. 724; Murray, 2003, p. 17, fig. 5.1; Milker and Schmiedl, 2012, p. 73, fig. 18.22–25.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and the surface covered with ridges running along most of the length of the chambers. The test is elongate and uniserial, circular in cross-section, with several inflated globular chambers, separated by deeply incised sutures. A maximum of approximately twenty ridges run along the terminal chamber. The ridges increase in number towards the terminal chamber and do not extend the full length of the chambers. The aperture is terminal at the end of a neck.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens are small to moderate in size, with the larger terminal chamber reaching ~ 0.15 mm and the test 0.6 mm in length. The relative abundance is generally low, forming minor components in some of the core samples.</p> <p>Life strategy: The bathymetric range of Amphicoryna spp. is broad, from the shelf to abyssal depths. The preferred substrate is mud, under low oxygen (suboxic) (Rögl &amp; Spezzaferri, 2002; Kaminski, 2012) to high oxygen conditions (Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Amphicoryna scalaris occurs in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC2933F7FC99F60FCA6F8E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC2933F7FC99BD3FF24FC5B.text	197787BAFFC2933F7FC99BD3FF24FC5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astacolus crepidula (Fichtel & Moll 1798)	<div><p>Astacolus crepidula (Fichtel &amp; Moll, 1798)</p> <p>Pl. 3, fig. 4</p> <p>Nautilus crepidula Fichtel &amp; Moll, 1798, p. 107, pl. 19, fig. g–i.</p> <p>Cristellaria crepidula Cushman, 1923a, p. 117, pl. 35, fig 3–4.</p> <p>Lenticulina crepidula Sandidge, 1932, p. 346, pl. XXXII, fig. 6.</p> <p>Astacolus crepidulus Barker, 1960, pl. 67, fig. 20, pl. 68, fig. 1–2; Lowry, 1987, p. 149, pl. 8, fig. 3; Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1994, p. 72, pl. 130, fig. 1–20; Jones, 1994, p. 80, pl. 68, fig. 1–2.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous, smooth and finely perforate. The test is compressed and some specimens are nearly three times longer than broad. Up to seven chambers increase in size toward the apertural end and the slightly depressed sutures are oblique, with the angle between the suture and base of the test increasing as chambers are added. The radiate aperture protrudes at the terminal end of the test.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens are moderate in size, measuring up to 0.5 mm in width and 1 mm in length. The figured specimen in Sandidge (1932) is 1.2 mm in length. The relative abundance is generally low, forming trace components (&lt;1%) in some of the samples in core 2670.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is infaunal, adapted to a wide range of oxygen conditions (Kaminski, 2012).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Jones (1994) reported Astacolus crepidula to occur from the Miocene to Recent, but Cushman (1923a) extends it back to the Cretaceous.</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species occurs in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study) and in Recent sediments off Cape Agulhas, South Africa (Lowry, 1987).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC2933F7FC99BD3FF24FC5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC1933C7FC99887FE11F840.text	197787BAFFC1933C7FC99887FE11F840.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marginulina obesa Cushman 1923	<div><p>Marginulina obesa Cushman, 1923a</p> <p>Pl. 3, figs. 8–9; Pl. 4, fig. 1</p> <p>Marginulina glabra Brady, 1884, p. 527, pl. 65, figs. 5–7; Flint, 1899, p. 133, pl. 60, fig. 1.</p> <p>Marginulina glabra var. obesa Cushman, 1923a, p. 128, pl. 37, fig. 1.</p> <p>Marginulina obesa Barker, 1960, pl. 65, figs. 5–6; LeRoy &amp; Levinson, 1974, p. 8, pl. 4, fig. 3–4; Lowry, 1987, p. 174, pl. 9, fig. 12; Jones, 1994, p. 77, pl. 65, figs. 5–6.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and smooth. The test is elongate, circular in cross-section, initially curved, becoming rectilinear in the later stage. Three inflated chambers increase in size towards the terminal end. The chambers are separated by straight and slightly depressed sutures. The aperture is terminal and radiate.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundance of this species is generally low, forming trace components (&lt;1%) in some of the samples of core 2670. The length of the tests in LeRoy &amp; Levinson (1974) is reported to be 1 mm and a diameter of 0.62 mm. The tests in this study are slightly smaller, measuring up to 0.4 mm in cross section diameter and 0.7 mm in length.</p> <p>Marginulina glabra has been synonymised with Marginulina obesa (e.g., Holbourn et al., 2013), based on similar descriptions between Terquem (1866), Brady (1884) and Cushman (1923a). Brady (1884) does not distinguish between the variations within the species, where the length and stoutness is concerned. The test should remain inflated and the final chamber as large as at least one third of the test. Confusion might arise with M. glabra that is also described by Parker et al. (1865), but the test of that species is not inflated, is thin and is more elongated, compared to M. obesa and M. glabra described in Brady (1884). M. glabra is now not accepted as a species name and the more elongated form described in Parker et al. (1865) should be synonymised with M. similis in d’Orbigny (1846). The terminal chamber in M. similis is also much more reduced, approximately a quarter in size, compared to the more inflated M. obesa.</p> <p>Life strategy: The bathymetric distribution of M. obesa is recorded as slope to abyssal (Holbourn et al., 2013). Species of the genus Marginulina are generally shallow-infaunal in environments with variable conditions of low (Bernhard, 1986) to high oxygen (Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species occurs from the Miocene to Recent (Jones, 1994).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: M. obesa is documented to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study) and in surface sediments along the south coast of South Africa (Lowry, 1987).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC1933C7FC99887FE11F840	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC0933D7FC99BD3FCA6FB24.text	197787BAFFC0933D7FC99BD3FCA6FB24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vaginulina legumen (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Vaginulina legumen (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Pl. 4, figs. 2–3</p> <p>Nautilus legumen Linnaeus, 1758, p.711.</p> <p>Vaginulina badenensis d’Orbigny, 1846, p. 65, pl. 3, figs. 6–8; Göes, 1894, p. 66, pl. 12, figs. 662–663; Papp &amp; Schmid, 1985, p. 36, pl. 20, figs. 6–11.</p> <p>Vaginulina legumen Brady, 1884, p. 580, pl. 66, figs. 13–15; Bagg, 1912, p. 63, pl. XVIII, fig. 6–7; Sandidge, 1932, p. 355, pl. XXXI, fig. 15; Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988, pl. 454, figs. 15–17.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and perforate. The test is large, elongate, compressed, uniserial and lenticular in cross-section. The initial end may be with or without a spine. The sutures are straight, slightly thickened and near horisontal. The aperture is pronounced, terminal and radiate.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundance is generally low, comprising trace components (&lt;1%) in some of the samples of core 2670. The length of the figured specimen in Sandidge (1932) is 0.7 mm. The tests in this study are larger than those in Sandidge (1932), measuring up to 0.4 mm in cross section and 2 mm in length.</p> <p>There are variations in the tests presented in the synonymies of Vaginulina legumen in its length, curvature and breadth, in relation to its length. For example, the tests of V. badenensis figured in Göes (1894) appear to be more curved with the terminal end broader than the initial chambers. The figured specimens in Göes (1894) are also broader than those in d’Orbigny (1846). V. badenensis has been synonymised with V. legumen. The tests from this study closely resembles that of Papp and Schmid (1985) from the Vienna Basin. The figured test from this study (pl. 4, fig. 2) appears to be smoother, with near horisontal striae that are not that apparent in electron microscopy, but may have been worn away. Other specimens also exhibited near horisontal striae.</p> <p>Life strategy: Vaginulina legumen is infaunal and adapted to suboxic conditions (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species is recorded to occur from the Triassic to Recent (Bagg, 1912; Sandidge, 1932).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Vaginulina legumen occurs in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC0933D7FC99BD3FCA6FB24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC7933A7FC99F99FCEDF801.text	197787BAFFC7933A7FC99F99FCEDF801.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bolivina alata (Seguenza 1862)	<div><p>Bolivina alata (Seguenza, 1862)</p> <p>Pl. 4, fig. 7</p> <p>Vulvulina alata Seguenza, 1862, p. 115, pl. 2, fig. 5.</p> <p>Bolivina alata Cushman, 1937, p. 106, pl. 13, figs. 3–11; Cushman &amp; Todd, 1945, p. 42, pl. 6, fig. 25; Renz, 1948, p. 116, pl. 6, fig. 26; pl. 12, fig. 12; Lowry, 1987, p. 280, pl. 18, figs. 3a–b; Bolli et al., 1994, p. 339, figs. 78.4–78.5.</p> <p>Brizalina alata van Marle, 1991, p. 166, pl. 17, figs. 1–2; Jones, 1994, p. 58, pl. 53, figs. 2–4; Yassini &amp; Jones, 1995, p. 131, figs. 516–517; Robertson, 1998, p. 120, pl. 47, figs. 1–2; Holbourn et al., 2013, p. 76.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and coarsely perforate. The test is small, elongate, biserial, strongly compressed and elliptical in cross-section. The chambers increase rapidly and become more inflated towards the apertural end, slightly overlapping the previous chambers. Chambers have a downward pointing spine located at the base, giving a serrated edge to the test margin. A peripheral keel surrounds the test. The sutures are slightly depressed and curved. The aperture is loop-shaped and extends up the terminal chamber.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens were moderately abundant (&lt;10%) in all cores discussed in this study. The tests are small, measuring 0.2 mm in width and 0.6 mm in length.</p> <p>Life strategy: The genus Bolivina is infaunal, unattached and prefers muddy sediments in dysoxic conditions (Kaminski et al., 2002). The species Bolivina alata has a shelf distribution (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species occurs from the Miocene to Recent (Jones, 1994).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Bolivina alata is recorded in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study) and in surface sediments on the southwestern continental shelf of Africa, north of the Orange River mouth (Lowry, 1987).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC7933A7FC99F99FCEDF801	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC7933A7FC99B9BFD1BFCE5.text	197787BAFFC7933A7FC99B9BFD1BFCE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glandulina laevigata (d'Orbigny 1826)	<div><p>Glandulina laevigata (d’Orbigny, 1826)</p> <p>Pl. 4, figs. 6a–b</p> <p>Nodosaria (Glandulina) laevigata var. ovata d’Orbigny, 1826, p. 252, pl. 10, fig. 1–3; Brady 1884, p. 490, pl. 61, fig. 20–22; Cushman, 1921, p. 185, pl. 33, fig. 1; Cushman &amp; Applin, 1926, p. 169, pl. 7, figs. 12–13.</p> <p>Glandulina laevigata d’Orbigny, 1846, p. 29, pl. 1, fig. 4–5; Sandidge, 1932, p. 360, pl. XXXII, fig. 15.</p> <p>Glandulina laevigata var. ovata Ellisor, 1933, pl. 2, fig. 6.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and smooth. The test shape is ovate, globular, tapering at each end and circular in transverse section with few chambers increasing toward the apertural end. The final chamber is the largest, comprising nearly two thirds of the test volume. The sutures are fine and flush. The aperture is radiate and projects slightly from the larger last chamber.</p> <p>Remarks: Few tests comprising &lt;1% of the total foraminiferal assemblage in core 2670 were recorded. Tests are moderate to large in size, ranging from 0.5 mm to nearly 1 mm in cross-section and 0.75 to 1.2 mm in length. The figured specimen of Glandulina laevigata in Sandidge (1932) is 0.5 mm in length.</p> <p>This species is synonymised with Nodosaria (Glandulina) laevigata and Nodosaria laevigata (Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988).</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is infaunal and tolerant of low oxygen conditions (Gupta, 1993).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Glandulina laevigata occurs from the Cretaceous to Recent (Sandidge, 1932).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species occurs in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC7933A7FC99B9BFD1BFCE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC6933B7FC99B9BFCA6FCAD.text	197787BAFFC6933B7FC99B9BFCA6FCAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bolivina reticulata Hantken 1875	<div><p>Bolivina reticulata Hantken, 1875</p> <p>Pl. 4, figs. 8a–b</p> <p>Bolivina reticulata Hantken, 1875, p. 65, pl. 15, fig. 6; Fenero et al., 2012, p. 292, fig. 5.7; Valchev et al., 2013, p. 95, pl. 1, fig. 16.</p> <p>Brizalina subreticulata Jones, 1994, p. 59, fig. 30–31.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and microperforate. The test is small, broad, biserial, triangular-ovoid in shape and elliptical in cross-section. The test is less than twice as long as it is wide. Irregular, reticulate, interwoven costae cover the entire test, giving a reticulate appearance to the test. The aperture is slit-like and situated at the base of the terminal chamber.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is infaunal (Drinia et al., 2007), unattached and prefers muddy sediments under dysoxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994). The bathymetric distribution of this species is recorded to be from the inner shelf to slope (Murray, 2006).</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundance is generally low, comprising trace components (&lt;1%) in the samples of core 2670. The tests are small, measuring 0.2 mm in width and 0.35 mm in length.</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species occurs from the Oligocene to Recent (Fenero et al., 2012).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Bolivina reticulata is recorded in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC6933B7FC99B9BFCA6FCAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC6933B7FC998FCFECDF871.text	197787BAFFC6933B7FC998FCFECDF871.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady 1881)	<div><p>Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady, 1881)</p> <p>Pl. 4, figs. 9–10</p> <p>Cassidulina subglobosa Brady, 1881, p. 60; Brady, 1884, p. 430, pl. 54, fig. 17; Barker, 1960, pl. 54, fig. 17.</p> <p>Globocassidulina subglobosa LeRoy &amp; Levinson, 1974, p. 14, pl. 7, fig. 8; Tjalsma &amp; Lohmann, 1983, p. 31, pl. 16, fig. 9; Lowry, 1987, p. 239, pl. 14, figs. 7a–c; Miller &amp; Katz, 1987, p. 134, pl. 3, fig. 4; Hermelin, 1989, p. 74; Thomas, 1990, p. 590; Jones, 1994, p. 60, pl. 54, fig. 17; Robertson, 1998, p. 136, pl. 53, figs. 1–2; Kuhnt et al., 2002, p. 144, pl. 10, figs. 3–5; pl. 17, figs. 1–2; Kender et al., 2008, p. 512, pl. 17, fig. 1–2; Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012, p. 85, figs. 20.13–20.14; Holbourn et al., 2013, p. 264.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and smooth. The test is small, subglobular and subcircular in cross-section. The chambers have a biserial arrangement, are inflated and globular in shape, separated by depressed sutures. The aperture is slit-like, situated interio-marginal and stretches along the margin of the terminal chamber.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens from this species comprise a trace component (&lt;1%) in core 2658, a minor component (&lt;5%) in core 2682 and major component (&lt;40%) in core 2670. The tests from this study are smaller than those in LeRoy &amp; Levinson (1974) (diameter of up to 0.75 mm), measuring 0.25 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is epifaunal to shallow-infaunal (Kaiho, 1994; Vilela, 1995), generally unattached and prefers muddy sediments under oxic (Kaiho, 1994) to suboxic (De &amp; Gupta, 2010) conditions. Schmiedl et al. (1997) recorded G. subglobosa in oligotrophic areas, under vigorous bottom currents and sandy substrates. Panieri &amp; Gupta (2008) recorded this species in relatively high abundances in muddy substrates. The bathymetric range of G. subglobosa is broad, stretching from the middle shelf to abyssal depths (Murgese &amp; de Deckker, 2005; Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Globocassidulina subglobosa occurs from the Palaeocene to Recent (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is recorded in Miocene-aged strata from the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2008) and the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study). Hay et al. (1984) and Wefer et al. (1998) reported the occurrence of Globocassidulina subglobosa in late Miocene to Pleistoceneaged sediments along the continental slope in relatively minor abundances (&lt;10%) at most sites. Lowry (1987) recorded occurrences of G. subglobosa in surface sediments on the continental shelf, between Cape Town and Port Elizabeth.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC6933B7FC998FCFECDF871	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC593387FC99A2BFF24FC55.text	197787BAFFC593387FC99A2BFF24FC55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Uvigerina peregrina Cushman 1923	<div><p>Uvigerina peregrina Cushman, 1923a</p> <p>Pl. 4, fig. 11</p> <p>Uvigerina peregrina Cushman, 1923a, p. 166, pl. 42, figs. 7–10; Martin, 1981, p. 44, pl. 10, fig. 12–14; Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012, p. 90, fig. 20.29.</p> <p>Euuvigerina peregrina Barker, 1960, pl. 74, fig. 11–12.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and finely perforate. The test is broad, elongate, rounded in cross-section, triserial and covered in longitudinal costae. Later chambers become inflated with depressed sutures. The costae are separated by the sutures. The aperture is terminal, produced on a neck with a pronounced lip, bordering the edge of the aperture.</p> <p>Remarks: The tests measure ~ 0.5 mm in cross section diameter and 0.8 mm in length. This species forms a major component (&lt;50%) in all three cores.</p> <p>Life strategy: Uvigerina peregrina is a shallow-infaunal species (Corliss and Chen, 1988), adapted to and most abundant under high organic carbon (Murray, 2006) and suboxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is documented in middle Miocene sediments on the continental shelf of northern Namibia, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study). Schmiedl and Mackensen (1997) reported low to high abundances of U. peregrina in Pleistocene upper slope sediments of Namibia. This species is also abundant in Recent shelf to slope sediments along Namibia (Lowry, 1987; Schmiedl et al., 1997) and South Africa (Lowry, 1987).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC593387FC99A2BFF24FC55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC593387FC99F23FCD9F8A5.text	197787BAFFC593387FC99F23FCD9F8A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Uvigerina pygmaea d'Orbigny 1826	<div><p>Uvigerina pygmaea d’Orbigny, 1826</p> <p>Pl. 4, fig. 12</p> <p>Uvigerina pigmea d’Orbigny, 1826, p. 269, pl. 12, figs. 8–9; Cushman, 1921, p. 269, pl. 55, fig. 1.</p> <p>Uvigerina pygmaea Brady, 1884, p. 575; pl. 74, figs. 11–14; Bermúdez, 1949, p. 209, pl. 13, fig. 44; Holbourn et al., 2013, p. 600.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and the test is strongly ribbed, short elongate, fusiform, rounded in crosssection, triserial and covered in longitudinal costae with short spines at the end of each chamber. The costae are irregular in length and separated by sutures. Later chambers become inflated with distinct depressed sutures. The aperture is terminal, produced on a long neck, with a pronounced lip.</p> <p>Remarks: Very few tests of this species were documented, forming a trace component (&lt;1%) in core 2670. Specimens of this species are moderate in size, measuring 0.5 mm in cross section and 0.8 mm in length.</p> <p>Synonymised forms show variations between tests, with some figured specimens not entirely enclosed by the thick costae, while others are (e.g., Brady, 1884; Holbourn et al., 2013). Some forms, which have also been identified as U. pygmaea, may also be slightly elongated (figs. 13–14 in Brady, 1884).</p> <p>Life strategy: This species has an upper slope distribution (Holbourn et al., 2013) under suboxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Holbourn et al. (2013) confine the chronostratigraphy of U. pygmaea from the late Eocene to the early Pliocene.</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study records U. pygmaea to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC593387FC99F23FCD9F8A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC493397FC99FD1FA81F873.text	197787BAFFC493397FC99FD1FA81F873.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthomorphina jedlitschkai (Thalmann 1937)	<div><p>Orthomorphina jedlitschkai (Thalmann, 1937)</p> <p>Pl. 5, fig. 2</p> <p>Nodogenerina jedlitschkai Thalmann, 1937, p. 341.</p> <p>Orthomorphina jedlitschkai Barker, 1960, pl. 62, fig. 1–2; Jones, 1994, pl. 62, fig. 1–2, suppl. pl. 1, fig. 16, suppl. pl. 2, fig. 6–7; Hayward et al., 2012, p. 136, pl. 8, fig. 24–27.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and generally smooth. The test is elongate, uniserial, with globular chambers and circular in cross-section. The chambers are of different diameters and separated from each other by deep incised sutures. The penultimate chamber is larger than the terminal chamber. The aperture is surrounded by a round thick rim.</p> <p>Remarks: Few tests of this species were recorded in this study, forming a trace component (&lt;1%) in core 2670. The tests are moderate in size. The broadest chamber measures 0.3 mm in cross section and the test measures up to 0.8 mm in length.</p> <p>Jones (1994) illustrated the similarity in test morphology between O. jedlitschkai and Glandulonodosaria spp. Based on the shape of the aperture (slightly protruding and rounded) and resemblance to the test morphology displayed in Jones (1994), this specimen has been assigned to Orthomorphina jedlitschkai.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Orthomorphina are recorded to be infaunal under suboxic conditions (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Orthomorphina jedlitschkai is an extinct species, occurring from the Cretaceous to Pleistocene (Hayward et al., 2012).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This is the first documentation of this species to occur in the region and in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC493397FC99FD1FA81F873	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC493397FC99B9BFF24FB8F.text	197787BAFFC493397FC99B9BFF24FB8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Uvigerina spinulosa Hadley 1934	<div><p>Uvigerina spinulosa Hadley, 1934</p> <p>Pl. 5, fig. 1</p> <p>Uvigerina spinulosa Hadley, 1934, pl. 18, fig. 5; Boersma, 1984, p. 163, pl. 1, figs 1–6; Van Morkhoven et al., 1986, p. 218, pl. 74, figs 1–3; Kender et al., 2018, p. 515, pl. 18, fig. 5.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and perforate. The test is triserial, elongate, rounded in cross-section and covered in longitudinal costae which end in spines at the base of the chambers. Later chambers are inflated with depressed sutures. The aperture is terminal on a neck, with a pronounced lip.</p> <p>Remarks: The tests of this species in this study measure ~ 0.2 mm in cross section diameter and ~ 0.5 mm in length. This species is less abundant in the samples than U. peregrina.</p> <p>This species was originally identified as Uvigerina caneriensis d’Orbigny var. spinulosa by Hadley (1934). Coryell and Embich (1937) identified another hispid uvigerinid species as U. spinulosa. The accepted name for Uvigerina caneriensis d’Orbigny var. spinulosa Hadley (1934) has become Uvigerina spinulosa, but there are clear differences in the figures and original descriptions of the two specimens. The entire test of the figured specimen in Coryell and Embich (1937) is covered in fine, short hispid structures, but the figured and described specimen in Hadley (1934) has longitudinal costae covering the test. It may be that the specimen described by Coryell and Embich (1937) might be related to Uvigerina hispida. In fact, Coryell and Embich (1937) describe U. spinulosa as closely resembling U. hispida, but differs only in shape and the neck. These two species bearing the same name should therefore not be synonymised.</p> <p>Life strategy: The species of the genus Uvigerina are generally shallow-infaunal and most abundant under high organic carbon (Murray, 2006), adapted to suboxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: U. spinulosa Hadley, 1934 is recorded to occur in middle Miocene strata on the continental shelf of northern Namibia, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study) and in the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2018).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC493397FC99B9BFF24FB8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCB93367FC99A2BFE1CFA2E.text	197787BAFFCB93367FC99A2BFE1CFA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny 1826	<div><p>Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny in Deshayes 1828</p> <p>Pl. 5, figs. 3a–b</p> <p>Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny, 1826, p. 267; LeRoy &amp; Levinson, 1974, p. 8, pl. 5, fig. 2; Martin, 1981, p. 36, pl. 10, fig. 5; Papp &amp; Schmid, 1985, p. 96, pl. 90, figs. 7–12; Lowry, 1987, p. 379, pl. 27, figs. 7a–c; Jones, 1994, p. 91, pl. 84, figs. 1–2; Yassini &amp; Jones, 1995, p. 160, figs. 936–937; Robertson, 1998, p. 196, pl. 74, fig. 4; Kender et al., 2008, p. 516, pl. 20, fig. 3; Holbourn et al., 2013, p. 520.</p> <p>Sphaeroidina austriaca d’Orbigny, 1846, p. 284, pl. 20, figs. 19–21.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous, imperforate and its surface is smooth. The test is subglobular, with globular chambers separated by slightly depressed sutures. The last whorl contains three chambers. The aperture is located near the junction between three chambers and is crescentic in shape, with a bordering lip (pl. 5, fig. 3b).</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of Sphaeroidina bulloides in this study decrease toward the deeper cores. In core 2658, S. bulloides formed one of the major species in some of the samples (&lt;20%), and in cores 2670 and 2682, minor (&lt;5%).</p> <p>The test sizes of Sphaeroidina bulloides in general are variable. Diameters in LeRoy &amp; Levinson (1974) range between 0.23 and 1.15 mm. The diameter measured for specimens in this study is ~ 0.5 mm.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is infaunal under suboxic (Kaiho, 1994) to dysoxic conditions (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein). Its bathymetric distribution stretches from the slope to abyssal depths (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Sphaeroidina bulloides occurs from the Oligocene to Recent (Jones, 1994; Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species occurs in Miocene-aged strata, stretching from the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2008) to the outer continental shelf of Namibia, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study) and the southwestern shelf of South Africa (Compton et al., 2004). Hay et al. (1984) reported the occurrence of Sphaeroidina bulloides in late Miocene to Pleistocene sediments on the slope off the Walvis Ridge. Low relative abundances (&lt;1%) of this species occur along the slope of Namibia during the late Miocene, with higher abundances off the Orange River to the south (&lt;15%). Wefer et al. (1998) recorded high relative abundances of this species (&lt;80%) along the slope off the Walvis Ridge during the Pliocene, decreasing in abundance towards the south. Low relative abundances (&lt;1%) of this species have been recorded to occur along the Namibian slope and minor abundances (&lt;10%) along the southwestern slope of South Africa during the Pleistocene (Wefer et al., 1998). Lowry (1987) documented Sphaeroidina bulloides in surface sediments on the continental shelf between Lüderitz, Namibia and Cape Agulhas, South Africa.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCB93367FC99A2BFE1CFA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCB93377FC99D84FD1BFE02.text	197787BAFFCB93377FC99D84FD1BFE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphonina pulchra Cushman 1919	<div><p>Siphonina pulchra Cushman, 1919</p> <p>Pl. 5, figs. 4–6</p> <p>Siphonina pulchra Cushman, 1919, p. 42, pl. 14, fig. 7a–c; Cushman, 1922a, p. 49, pl. 7, fig. 11–12; Cushman, 1927b, p. 8, pl. 2, fig. 5; Cushman, 1931, p. 69, pl. 14, fig. 2–3; Palmer, 1945, p. 61.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and perforate. The test is circular in outline, rounded, compressed and biconvex in side view. There are five chambers in the last whorl, gradually increasing toward the apertural end of the test. Sutures are coarsely perforate, distinct and oblique, radiating from the broad macroperforate centre of the test. The periphery of the test is unevenly carinate around the margin. The chambers are separated by flush oblique sutures. The elliptical-shaped aperture is produced on a broad tubular neck with a thick bordering lip.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances recorded for S. pulchra are trace (&lt;1%) in all three cores. Several specimens were found to be partially broken or with the aperture missing. The diameter of the tests in Cushman (1931) was reported to be 0.65 mm. Tests in this study are slightly smaller, measuring 0.5 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Life strategy: The genus Siphonina is epifaunal and prefers oxic bottom water conditions (Kaiho, 1994), with a bathymetric distribution from shelf to slope depths (Phleger &amp; Parker, 1951).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is reported in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCB93377FC99D84FD1BFE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCA93377FC99966FF24FA23.text	197787BAFFCA93377FC99966FF24FA23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibicidoides crebbsi (Hedberg 1937)	<div><p>Cibicidoides crebbsi (Hedberg, 1937)</p> <p>Pl. 5, figs. 7a–c</p> <p>Eponides crebbsi Hedberg, 1937, p. 679, pl. 92, fig. 1; Bolli et al. 1994, p. 240, pl. 55, figs 16–17, p. 298, pl. 79, fig. 8.</p> <p>Truncatulina floridana Nuttall, 1928, p. 98, pl. 7, figs. 14, 16.</p> <p>Cibicidoides crebbsi van Morkhoven et al., 1986, p. 139, pl. 45; Katz &amp; Miller, 1993a, pl. 2, fig. 5; Kender et al., 2008, p. 516, pl. 20, figs. 4–5; Holbourn et al., 2013, p. 168 –169.</p> <p>Description:The test wall is calcareous and macroperforate.The test is slightly inflated, trochospiral and planoconvex to unequally biconvex in side view and in cross-section. Approximately ten chambers are visible in the final whorl. The chambers gradually increase in size toward the terminal apertural end. The chambers are separated by flush, less perforate sutures. The sutures on the spiral side are oblique, whereas sutures on the umbilical side are more radial and irregular. The aperture is an interio-marginal basal slit.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances for Cibicidoides crebbsi decrease toward deeper depths, forming minor (&lt;10%) components in the samples of all three cores. Tests are relatively moderate to large in size, measuring up to 1 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Cibicidoides are generally unattached, epifaunal to shallow infaunal under oxic conditions (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein), preferring muddy substrates (Murray, 1991). The species C. crebbsi has a slope distribution (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species occurs from the early Oligocene to early Pliocene (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Cibicidoides crebbsi is documented to occur in middle Miocene strata on the outer continental shelf of Namibia, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study) and in the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2008).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCA93377FC99966FF24FA23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCA93347FC99EF1FD1BFC9E.text	197787BAFFCA93347FC99EF1FD1BFC9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibicidoides pseudoungerianus (Cushman 1922)	<div><p>Cibicidoides pseudoungerianus (Cushman, 1922b)</p> <p>Pl. 5, figs. 8–10</p> <p>Truncatulina ungeriana Brady, 1884, p. 664, pl. 94, fig. 9.</p> <p>Truncatulina pseudoungeriana Cushman, 1922b, p. 96, pl. 10, fig. 9.</p> <p>Cibicides pseudoungeriana Cushman, 1931, p. 123, pl. 22, figs. 3–7.</p> <p>Cibicidoides pseudoungerianus Cimerman &amp; Langer, 1991, p. 69, pl.74, fig. 2–3; Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012, p. 103, fig.24.5– 24.9.</p> <p>Cibicides pseudoungerianus Barker, 1960, pl. 94, fig. 9; Lowry, 1987, p. 322, pl. 21, figs. 3a–c; Milker et al., 2009, p. 218, pl. 3, fig.11.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and perforate. The test is trochospiral, subcircular in outline and unequally biconvex in side view and in cross-section. The spiral side is coarsely perforate and the umbilical side is smoother. The umbilical side is more convex than the spiral side. The approximately ten chambers in the final whorl gradually increase in size toward the apertural end. The earlier chambers are not visible on the spiral side, as the test wall is thickened in the central part of the test. The chambers are separated by flush, thick sutures. The sutures on the spiral side are oblique, whereas sutures on the umbilical side radiate from a thick central umbo. The aperture is interiomarginal, bordered by a thin lip.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of C. pseudoungerianus decrease toward the deeper cores, forming major (&lt;20%) to minor (&lt;5%) components in the samples of all three cores. Tests of this species in this study are moderate in size, measuring up to 0.6 mm in diameter.</p> <p>This species differs from C. ungerianus by its smoother test surface and the hidden earlier chambers on the spiral side. Cushman (1922b) re-identified the figured specimen of Truncatulina ungeriana as Truncatulina pseudoungeriana (= Cibicidoides pseudoungerianus), based on the similarities with those illustrated in Cushman (1922b). The specimens from this study resemble those in Brady (1884) and Cushman (1922b), in its thickened central portion and finer, smoother test wall, compared to C. ungerianus.</p> <p>Life strategy: Cibididoides pseudoungerianus is an epifaunal to shallow-infaunal species, adapted to oxic bottom water conditions (Murgese &amp; de Deckker, 2005; Murray, 2006). This species is documented to have shelf to slope distributions, but more typical of upper slope environments (Murgese &amp; de Deckker, 2005).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Cibididoides pseudoungerianus occurs in Oligocene to Recent strata (Jones, 1994).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is recorded in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCA93347FC99EF1FD1BFC9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC993347FC9986AFCA6F9CF.text	197787BAFFC993347FC9986AFCA6F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibicidoides ungerianus (d'Orbigny 1846)	<div><p>Cibicidoides ungerianus (d’Orbigny, 1846)</p> <p>Pl. 6, figs. 1a–c</p> <p>Rotalina ungeriana d’Orbigny, 1846, p. 157, pl. 8, figs. 16–18; Papp &amp; Schmid, 1985, p. 60, pl. 51, figs. 7–11.</p> <p>Description: The test surface is calcareous and perforate. The test is trochospiral, subcircular in outline and thinly biconvex in side view. The spiral and umbilical sides are coarsely perforate. The chambers in the final whorl gradually increase in size toward the apertural end. The test margin has a thick keel and the chambers are separated by thick sutures with the earlier chambers not clearly visible. The aperture is an interio-marginal slit extending onto the umbilical lip.</p> <p>Remarks: This species is less abundant than C. pseudoungerianus in this study, forming minor (&lt;5%) components in the samples. The tests are generally large, measuring up to approximately 1 mm in diameter.</p> <p>This species differs from C. pseudoungerianus by its more macroperforate test surface, particularly on the umbilical side. Cushman (1922b) re-identified the figured specimen of Truncatulina ungeriana as Truncatulina pseudoungeriana (= Cibicidoides pseudoungerianus). The chambers in the final whorl of C. ungerianus are more inflated, whereas the chambers in the final whorl of C. pseudoungerianus are lobulated, more tapered and flattened towards the margins.</p> <p>Life strategy: Species of the genus Cibicidoides are generally unattached, epifaunal to shallow-infaunal under oxic conditions (Pezelj et al., 2013 and references therein), preferring muddy substrates (Murray, 1991).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is recorded to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC993347FC9986AFCA6F9CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC993357FC99DD3FC67FD0D.text	197787BAFFC993357FC99DD3FC67FD0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterolepa dutemplei (d'Orbigny 1846)	<div><p>Heterolepa dutemplei (d’Orbigny, 1846)</p> <p>Pl. 6, figs. 2a–c</p> <p>Rotalina dutemplei d’Orbigny, 1846, p. 157, pl. 8, figs. 19–21.</p> <p>Heterolepa dutemplei Papp &amp; Schmid, 1985, p. 61, pl. 52, figs. 1–6; Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988, p. 632, pl. 709, figs. 1–8; Oblak, 2007, p. 305, pl. 4, figs. 2a–c; Holbourn et al., 2013, p. 294 –295.</p> <p>Cibicidoides dutemplei van Morkhoven et al., 1986, p. 112, pl. 35.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and macroperforate. The test is trochospiral and mainly planoconvex in side view, with the umbilical side very convex. The earlier chambers form a slightly convex shape on the spiral side. The approximately eight chambers in the final whorl gradually increase in size toward the apertural end. The chambers are separated by flush, less perforate sutures, covering almost the entire earlier chambers of the inner whorl. The sutures on the spiral side are oblique. The aperture is an interio-marginal slit, extending along the inflated apertural chamber on the umbilical side.</p> <p>Remarks: Heterolepa dutemplei is a minor (&lt;5%) component in the samples of all three cores. Tests are relatively moderate to large in size, measuring up to 1 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species has a bathymetric distribution from the shelf to the upper slope (van Marle, 1988; Holbourn e t al., 2013), adapted to muddy substrates in organic-rich environments and oxic to suboxic conditions (e.g., Debenay-Redois, 1997; Peryt, 2013; Rahiminejad et al., 2016; Roslim et al., 2019).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Heterolepa dutemplei has been documented in Palaeocene (Stojanova and Petrov, 2014) to Recent strata (e.g., van Marle, 1988; Szarek e t al., 2006).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study records Heterolepa dutemplei to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the outer continental shelf of Namibia, south of the Kunene River mouth.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC993357FC99DD3FC67FD0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC893357FC999C7FB20FABE.text	197787BAFFC893357FC999C7FB20FABE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterolepa broeckhiana (Karrer 1878)	<div><p>Heterolepa broeckhiana (Karrer, 1878)</p> <p>Pl. 6, figs. 3–4</p> <p>Rotalina broeckhiana Karrer, 1878, p. 98, pl. 5, fig. 26.</p> <p>Gyroidina broeckhiana Belford, 1966, pp. 167, 168, pl. 29, figs. 1–7, text-figs. 21–10, 21–11; Jones, 1994, p. 106, pl. 107, fig. 4.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and microperforate. The test is trochospiral, subcircular in outline and unequally biconvex in side view and in cross-section. Approximately six to eight chambers are visible externally in the final whorl. The chambers gradually increase in size toward the terminal apertural end and are separated by slightly depressed sutures. The sutures on the spiral side are radial and straight on the umbilical side. The aperture is an extraumbilical to interio-marginal slit.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of this species are moderate to high (&lt;10%) in the three cores. Tests in this study are relatively large, measuring up to 1 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Life strategy: The genus Heterolepa has a shelf to upper slope distribution in well oxygenated environments (Rögl and Spezzaferri, 2003).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study is the first to document this species in midddle Miocene strata in the region and occurs on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC893357FC999C7FB20FABE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFC893327FC99D07FC04FD21.text	197787BAFFC893327FC99D07FC04FD21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melonis affinis (Reuss 1851)	<div><p>Melonis affinis (Reuss, 1851)</p> <p>Pl. 6, fig. 5</p> <p>Nonionina affinis Reuss, 1851, p. 72, pl. 5, fig. 32.</p> <p>Noniona barleeana Williamson, 1858, p. 32, pl. 3, figs. 68–69.</p> <p>Nonionina crassula Parker &amp; Jones, 1857, p. 14, pl. 11, figs. 5–7.</p> <p>Nonion barleeanum Cushman, 1930, p. 11, pl. 4, fig. 5.</p> <p>Melonis barleeanum Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1988, pl. 696, figs. 5–6; Hermelin, 1989, p. 88, pl. 17, fig. 12; Milker &amp; Schmiedl, 2012, p. 115, fig. 26.11–26.12; Holbourn et al., 2013, p. 354.</p> <p>Melonis barleeanus Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1994, p. 159, pl. 347, figs. 1–5.</p> <p>Melonis affinis Milker et al., 2009, p. 218, pl. 3, fig. 20; Milker and Schmiedl, 2012, p. 115, fig. 26.9–10.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and perforate. The test is planispiral and symmetrical in side view. The periphery of the test is rounded. Up to twelve chambers in the final whorl are separated by smooth, slightly curved sutures. The chamber walls are coarsely perforate and the sutures very finely perforate. The sutures radiate from the umbilical region, becoming thinner toward the test margin. The chambers gradually increase in size toward the apertural end. The aperture is an interio-marginal slit.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of Melonis affinis decrease toward the deeper cores, forming minor (&lt;10%) to trace (&lt;1%) components in the samples of all three cores. The tests are moderate in size, measuring up to 0.5 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species lives unattached in mostly infaunal and muddy substrates (Murray, 1991). M. affinis is most abundant in oxic conditions, but is also tolerant of dysoxic and suboxic conditions (Kaiho, 1994; Murray, 2006). The species is also associated with the nitrate reduction zone (Fontanier et al., 2002) on the shelf to slope (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species occurs from the Oligocene to Recent (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Melonis affinis is recorded to occur in middle Miocene sediments on the outer continental shelf of Namibia, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study) and in moderate abundances during the late Miocene to Pliocene along the slope of northern Namibia to the southwestern slope of South Africa (Wefer et al., 1998). Wefer et al. (1998) recorded the occurrence of M. affinis (= M. barleeanus) only in low to moderate (&lt;2 to &lt;20%) abundances along the slope off the Walvis Ridge during the Pleistocene.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFC893327FC99D07FC04FD21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCF93327FC99886FCA6FA5E.text	197787BAFFCF93327FC99886FCA6FA5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anomalinoides helicinus (Costa 1855)	<div><p>Anomalinoides helicinus (Costa, 1855)</p> <p>Pl. 6, figs. 6–7</p> <p>Nonionina helicina Costa, 1855, p. 123, pl. 1, figs. 18a–c.</p> <p>Anomalina helicina Christodolou, 1960, p. 89, pl. 8, figs. 5a–c.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous with coarsely perforate chambers and smooth sutures separating the chambers. The test is rounded and trochospiral, with a small central boss. The approximately twelve chambers in the final whorl gradually increase in size and become inflated toward the apertural end. The curved radial sutures appear slightly raised between the coarsely perforate chambers on the umbilical side. The sutures are curved away from the apertural end. A flap extends from each suture between chambers, slightly extending over the umbilicus. The aperture is an arched interio-marginal slit against the margin of the previous whorl with an upper lip.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of A. helicinus are minor (&lt;5%) in all three cores. The tests are moderate in size, measuring 0.6 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is epifaunal-shallow infaunal (Pérez-Asensio et al., 2012).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Anomalinoides helicinus occurs in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCF93327FC99886FCA6FA5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCF93337FC99DA0FE72FD21.text	197787BAFFCF93337FC99DA0FE72FD21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hansenisca soldanii (d'Orbigny 1826)	<div><p>Hansenisca soldanii (d’Orbigny, 1826)</p> <p>Pl. 6, figs. 8a-b; pl. 7, figs. 1a–c</p> <p>Gyroidina soldanii d’Orbigny, 1826, p. 278; d’Orbigny, 1846, pl. 8, figs. 10–12; Papp &amp; Schmid, 1985, p. 60, pl. 50, figs. 4–9. Gyroidinoides soldanii Lowry, 1987, p. 254, pl. 15, figs. 9a–b; Jones, 1994, p. 106, pl. 107, figs. 6–7; Kender et al., 2008, p.</p> <p>519, pl. 25, figs. 1–5; Holbourn et al., 2013, p. 278.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and microperforate. The test is trochospiral and planoconvex to slightly unequally biconvex in side view. The spiral side is flat to slightly convex and the umbilical side highly convex. The approximately eight chambers in the final whorl gradually increase in size toward the apertural end and are separated by slightly depressed straight sutures. The sutures are radial on the spiral side and straight on the umbilical side. The umbilical sutures may be faint to slightly visible. The aperture is an interio-marginal slit, produced on a flap of the terminal chamber, extending onto the umbilical region.</p> <p>Remarks: This species occurs in minor to moderate abundances in the cores. The tests are moderately large, measuring up to 0.9 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Life strategy: This species is epifaunal to shallow-infaunal (Pérez-Asensio et al., 2012), suboxic, unattached, preferring muddy substrates (Murray, 1991) on the slope (Holbourn et al., 2013).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Hansenisca soldanii occurs from the Oligocene to Recent (Jones, 1994).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Kender et al. (2008) reported H. soldanii (= Gyroidinoides soldanii) from the Miocene in the Congo Basin. This study extends the spatial distribution of the species to the middle Miocene of the outer continental shelf of Namibia, south of the Kunene River mouth. This species also occurs in minor (&lt;1%) to moderate (&lt;50%) abundances along the slope of Namibia and southwestern South Africa from the late Miocene to Pleistocene. The highest abundances were recorded on the slope between Walvis Bay and Lüderitz, Namibia (Wefer et al., 1998). Lowry (1987) reported H. soldanii in surface sediments off the coast of northern Namibia to around the entire coastline of South Africa.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCF93337FC99DA0FE72FD21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCE93337FC998B1FCEEF93E.text	197787BAFFCE93337FC998B1FCEEF93E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Globoquadrina dehiscens (Chapman, Parr & Collins 1934)	<div><p>Globoquadrina dehiscens (Chapman, Parr &amp; Collins, 1934)</p> <p>Pl. 7, figs. 2–3</p> <p>Globorotalia dehiscens Chapman et al., 1934, p. 569, pl. 11, fig. 36.</p> <p>Globoquadrina dehiscens dehiscens Jenkins, 1960. P. 354, pl. 3, fig. 3a–c.</p> <p>Globoquadrina dehiscens Jenkins, 1960, p. 355, pl. 3, fig. 4a–c; Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983, p. 184, pl. 45, figs. 7–9; Kender et al., 2008, p. 521, pl. 29, fig. 1.</p> <p>Description: The test surface is cancellate. The test is trochospiral and roughly quadrate in outline. There are four chambers visible in the final whorl. The sutures between chambers are strongly incised. The spiral side is nearly flat. The aperture is dentate and central to the four final chambers.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of Globoquadrina dehiscens form a minor component (&lt;10%) of the planktic foraminiferal assemblage in core 2658. In the deeper cores (2670 and 2682), the relative abundances of Globoquadrina dehiscens are below 5%. The tests are relatively small to moderate in size, measuring up to 0.5 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Environmental preferences: This species has been associated with tropical to temperate surface waters (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983; Bicchi et al., 2003).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Globoquadrina dehiscens has been documented to occur in strata dated to the early to late Miocene – Aquitanian to Messinian (Kennett &amp; Srinavasan, 1983; Wade et al., 2011).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species has been recorded in Miocene-aged strata of the Congo Basin (Kender, 2007) to the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study) and the southwestern shelf of South Africa (Compton et al., 2004).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCE93337FC998B1FCEEF93E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCE93307FC99C9BFBABFC69.text	197787BAFFCE93307FC99C9BFBABFC69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Globorotalia archeomenardii Bolli 1957	<div><p>Globorotalia archeomenardii Bolli, 1957</p> <p>Pl. 7, figs. 4a–c</p> <p>Globorotalia archeomenardii Bolli, 1957, p. 119, pl. 28, fig. 11; Bolli et al., 1985, p. 223, pl. 32, fig. 6; Kender et al., 2008, p. 521.</p> <p>Description: The wall surface is smooth and macroperforate. The test has a keeled margin, is compressed, unequally biconvex, with up to five crescent-shaped chambers visible on the umbilical side, rapidly increasing toward the apertural end. The chambers increase in size toward the terminal end. Earlier chambers are slightly pustulose on the umbilical side opposite the apertural opening. The sutures are depressed, oblique, radial and slightly curved. The aperture is an extra-umbilical slit.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens of G. archeomenardii are not very abundant and only occur as trace in some of the samples. The tests are moderate in size, measuring 0.4 mm in width and 0.65 mm in length.</p> <p>This species is placed within the Globorotalia menardii group or ‘ Menardella’ lineage and identified as G. archeomenardii based on its keeled margin, chamber arrangement, outline and test structure. G. archeomenardii differs from its descendent G. praemenardii in being smaller and has a more biconvex outline in side view and equatorial section. Its spiral side is also more curved. This species differs from G. menardii in generally being smaller, more lobate and having a less developed or thinner keel (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983). G. menardii is more rounded in outline and has more chambers in its last whorl, usually up to six or six and a half.</p> <p>G. archeomenardii is considered to have evolved from Globorotalia praescitula in tropical conditions during the early Miocene (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species has been recorded to occur in the Miocene from the Burdigalian to the Serravalian (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983; Wade et al., 2011; BouDagher-Fadel, 2015).</p> <p>Environmental preferences: G. archeomenardii is recorded to occur in subtropical to tropical waters (BouDagher-Fadel, 2015).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species occurs in middle Miocene strata from the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2008) to the outer continental shelf of Namibia, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCE93307FC99C9BFBABFC69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCD93317FC99FCEFE65FE25.text	197787BAFFCD93317FC99FCEFE65FE25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny 1826	<div><p>Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny, 1826</p> <p>Pl. 7, figs. 5–6</p> <p>Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny, 1826, p. 277; Lowry, 1987, p. 354, pl. 24, figs. 1a–c; Banner &amp; Blow, 1960, p. 3, pl. 1, figs. 1a–c; Bé &amp; Hamlin, 1967, p. 98, fig. 8; Hayward, 1983, p. 64, figs. 2C–E; Bolli et al., 1985, p. 321, figs. 4.1–2; Spezzaferri et al., 2018a, p. 183, pl. 6.2, figs.1–16.</p> <p>Description: The test wall is calcareous and macroperforate, with the test being covered with short bases from which spines of the living form would extend between pores. The chambers are globular in shape and trochospirally arranged. There are four spherical enlarging chambers in the final whorl, with the terminal chamber being the largest. The sutures between chambers on all sides are depressed. One large aperture is formed in an asymmetric arch in the final chamber and is umbilically positioned.</p> <p>Remarks: This species is a major component (&lt;80% of the planktic assemblage) in samples of all three cores. The tests are up to 0.5 mm in diameter.</p> <p>This species might be confused with those of Globigerinella when viewed from the umbilical angle, but there are differences among the various species. Globigerina bulloides is different from its Globigerinella counterparts by the location of its aperture, trochospire and pore density. In G. bulloides, the large aperture is located more centrally or umbilical, compared to Globigerinella obesa and Globigerinella siphonifera. The trochospire in Globigerinella spp. is also lower compared to G. bulloides. This species also has a higher pore density and the final chamber is less inflated compared to that of Globigerinella. The terminal chamber is also closer in size to the preceding chambers, whereas the chambers increase in size more rapidly in G. obesa. G. bulloides also has one less chamber in the final whorl compared to Globigerinella praesiphonifera. G. bulloides and Globigerinella, however, form different phylogenetic lineages (Spezzaferri et al., 2018a).</p> <p>Environmental preferences: G. bulloides is a good indicator of upwelling conditions, particularly along the fringes of upwelling centers (Giraudeau, 1993). This species also occurs in transitional to temperate ocean waters (Kucera, 2007).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species has a long stratigraphic time range, having been documented to occur from the upper Oligocene to Recent (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983; Bolli et al., 1985).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This is an abundant species ranging from the Neogene to Quaternary along the continental margin of northern Namibia (this study) and South Africa (Lowry, 1987; Giraudeau, 1993; Wefer et al., 1998; Rau, 2002; Rau et al., 2002).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCD93317FC99FCEFE65FE25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCC93317FC99AF2FAA8FB57.text	197787BAFFCC93317FC99AF2FAA8FB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Globigerina concinna Reuss 1850	<div><p>Globigerina concinna Reuss, 1850</p> <p>Pl. 7, figs. 7-8</p> <p>Globigerina concinna Reuss, 1850, p. 373, pl. 47, fig. 8; Cushman and Stainforth, 1945, pl. 13, fig. 1; Bolli et al., 1985, p. 321, fig. 4.17–20.</p> <p>Description: The wall surface is cancellate spinose. The test is trochospirally arranged, with five globular chambers in the final whorl. The sutures are straight and depressed. The aperture is large and umbilical.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundance of G. concinna in this study is trace (&lt;1%) in samples of all three cores. The tests are relatively moderate in size, measuring up to 0.5 mm in diameter.</p> <p>This species is similar to an older form, Ciperoella ciperoensis (previously Globigerina ciperoensis), but differs in its size, chambers and aperture. The chambers of G. concinna increase in size more rapidly and its test is generally larger compared to C. ciperoensis. The aperture of G. concinna is also larger and more asymmetrical than C. ciperoensis. The two species, furthermore, occur in different stratigraphic ranges. C. ciperoensis occurs in the Oligocene, whereas G. concinna occurs in middle Miocene strata (Bolli et al., 1985).</p> <p>Environmental preferences: Species in the G. concinna group is regarded to be adapted to tropical and subtropical conditions (BouDagher-Fadel, 2015).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: G. concinna has been documented to occur from the Burdigalian in the early Miocene to the Serravallian in the middle Miocene (BouDagher-Fadel, 2015).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This study records the first, and to date, only occurrence in the region of this species in the middle Miocene of the northern Namibian continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCC93317FC99AF2FAA8FB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFCC930E7FC99E7BFF21FE7E.text	197787BAFFCC930E7FC99E7BFF21FE7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Globigerinella obesa (Bolli 1957)	<div><p>Globigerinella obesa (Bolli, 1957)</p> <p>Pl. 7, figs. 9–10</p> <p>Globorotalia obesa Bolli, 1957, p. 119, pl. 29, figs 2–3.</p> <p>Globigerina praebulloides Blow, 1959, pl. 8, fig. 47; Kender, 2007, p. 202, pl. 49, fig. 7.</p> <p>Globigerinella obesa Bolli et al., 1985, p. 206, fig. 26.44; Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983, p. 234, pl. 59, figs 2–5; Kender et al., 2008, p. 202, pl. 29, fig. 4; Spezzaferri et al., 2018a, p. 198, pl. 6.1, figs. 14–17; pl. 6.8, figs. 1–23.</p> <p>Description: The wall surface is cancellate-spinose. The test is trochospirally arranged with the chambers globular in shape, which rapidly enlarge towards the terminal end. Four chambers are visible in the final whorl in umbilical view, with straight depressed sutures. The test is biconvex in marginal view and has a lobate outline in umbilical view.A thin imperforate lip may border the apertural arch. The aperture extends from the umbilical to extra-umbilical region, forming an arched shape visible in the peripheral margin view.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundance of G. obesa in this study is trace (&lt;1%) in samples of all three cores. The tests are relatively moderate in size, measuring up to 0.5 mm in diameter.</p> <p>G. obesa is ancestral to Globigerinella siphonifera, which later gave rise to Globigerinella calida. This species evolved from G. archaeobulloides and is different from that species in its aperture, which is more umbilical to extraumbilical towards the margin of the test. It also differs from G. bulloides in this way and has a more inflated terminal chamber compared to its initial chambers. G. obesa is different from G. praesiphonifera in having four chambers in the last whorl, whereas G. praesiphonifera has five (Spezzaferri et al., 2018a). Globigerina praebulloides is synonymised and now accepted as G. obesa.</p> <p>Environmental preferences: G. obesa has been identified as a warm to temperate species (Bicchi et al., 2003).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: G. obesa has been recorded in Oligocene to lower Pliocene strata (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species has been recorded to occur in middle Miocene strata from the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2008) to the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCC930E7FC99E7BFF21FE7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFF3930E7FC99982FF21F996.text	197787BAFFF3930E7FC99982FF21F996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Globigerinoides subquadratus Bronnimann 1954	<div><p>Globigerinoides subquadratus Brönnimann, 1954</p> <p>Pl. 7, figs. 11–12</p> <p>Globigerinoides subquadratus Brönnimann, 1954, p. 680, pl. 1, fig. 8; Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983, p. 74, pl. 10, fig. 4; pl. 16, figs. 1–3.</p> <p>Description: The wall surface is macroperforate and cancellate-spinose. The test is trochospiral, sub-globular to sub-quadrate in shape and semi-circular in cross section. The chambers are sub-rounded to sub-quadrate in shape, with two basal chambers on the umbilical side, separated by a straight deep incised suture, which is overarched by a large chamber. The final chamber comprises approximately half the size of the test. The primary aperture is large and forms an arch symmetrically above the two basal chambers in apertural view. Two supplementary apertures form on the spiral side of the test along sutures of earlier chambers.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of Gs. subquadratus are major (&lt;25%) in samples along the Mio-Pliocene contact of all three cores, increasing in abundance in the deeper cores. The tests of Gs. subquadratus are relatively small, measuring 0.3 mm in diameter.</p> <p>This species is very similar to Globigerinoides ruber,but are stratigraphically separate and can be morphologically differentiated. Gs. subquadratus is identified in the Miocene, whereas Gs. ruber is extant and occurs in younger strata. Morphologically, the shape and outline of the test and chambers of Gs. subquadratus is more quadrate in shape compared to Gs. ruber (Bolli et al., 1985).</p> <p>Environmental preferences: Gs. subquadratus is associated with Neogene tropical environments (Brönnimann et al., 1971; Wade et al., 2011).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species occurs in Miocene strata from the Aquitanian to Tortonion (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983; Wade et al., 2011).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Gs. subquadratus has been identified in middle Miocene strata from the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2008) and the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFF3930E7FC99982FF21F996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFF3930F7FC99DBAFA97FE7E.text	197787BAFFF3930F7FC99DBAFA97FE7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trilobatus bisphericus (Todd 1954)	<div><p>Trilobatus bisphericus (Todd, 1954)</p> <p>Pl. 8, figs. 1–2</p> <p>Globigerinoides bisphericus Todd, 1954, p. 681, pl. 1, fig.1; Reed, 1965, p. 83, pl. 15, fig. 1–2; Bolli et al., 1985, p. 199, pl. 24, fig.8; Kender et al., 2008, p. 520, pl. 27, figs. 5, 8.</p> <p>Globigerinoides sicanus Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983, p. 62, pl. 13, fig. 4–6.</p> <p>Description: The wall surface is macroperforate and cancellate. The test is rounded and circular in cross section. The three to four chambers in the final whorl are globular in shape. The larger chamber envelops earlier chambers, hiding the umbilicus. The sutures are strongly depressed. Secondary apertures form along deep sutures.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of T. bisphericus are trace (&lt;1%) in samples of all three cores. The tests are small, measuring 0.3 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Bolli et al. (1985) note Trilobatus trilobus (previously Globigerinoides trilobus) to be ancestral to T. bisphericus.</p> <p>Environmental preferences: This species is recorded to be adapted to warm waters (Bicchi et al., 2003), as well as being a cosmopolitan species (BouDagher-Fadel, 2015).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: T. bisphericus is an indicator species of the early to middle Miocene – Burdigalian to Langhian (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983; Bolli et al., 1985; BouDagher-Fadel, 2015).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is recorded to occur in middle Miocene strata in the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2008) to the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFF3930F7FC99DBAFA97FE7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFF2930F7FC9994AFB71F9AA.text	197787BAFFF2930F7FC9994AFB71F9AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trilobatus immaturus (LeRoy 1939)	<div><p>Trilobatus immaturus (LeRoy, 1939)</p> <p>Pl. 8, fig. 3</p> <p>Globigerinoides sacculifer var. immaturus LeRoy, 1939, p. 263, pl. 3, figs. 19–21.</p> <p>Globigerinoides quadrilobatus Banner &amp; Blow, 1960, p. 17, pl. 4, figs 3a–b.</p> <p>Globigerinoides trilobus immaturus Bolli et al., 1985, figs. 20.14.</p> <p>Globigerinoides trilobus var. immatura Jenkins, 1960, p. 354, pl. 2, fig. 7a–c.</p> <p>Globigerinoides immaturus Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983, p. 64, pl. 10, fig. 3; pl. 13, fig. 7–9; Kender et al., 2008, p. 520. pl. 27, fig. 3.</p> <p>Trilobatus immaturus Spezzaferri et al., 2018b, p. 289, pl. 9.9, figs. 1–2; Poole and Wade, 2019, 2003, figs. 6P, 7A–K, 17B, 17F.</p> <p>Description: The test surface is macroperforate and cancellate-spinose. The test is trochospiral, globular and semi-circular in cross section. The chambers are rounded with 2.5 basal chambers separated by deep incised sutures, overarched by a large chamber that has the width of all three lower chambers. A total of 3 to 3.5 chambers encompasses the final whorl of the test. The primary aperture forms a low arch above the basal chambers on the umbilical side. The middle basal chamber is larger than the two side chambers. Supplementary apertures form on the spiral side of the test along sutures.</p> <p>Remarks: This species was found to be abundant in some of the samples (&lt;80%). The relative abundance of T. immaturus is higher in deeper cores (2658 and 2670). Tests are moderate in size, measuring up to 0.45 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Trilobatus immaturus (previously Globigerinoides trilobus immaturus) is distinguished from Trilobatus trilobus by its smaller final chamber (Bolli, 1957). Bolli et al. (1985) identified Gs. quadrilobatus as being the synonym for T. immaturus.</p> <p>Environmental preferences: Trilobatus immaturus is considered to be a warm water species (Reeder et al., 1998).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species has been recorded to occur from the early Miocene to Recent (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Trilobatus immaturus occurs in Miocene-aged strata of the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2008) and northern Namibian continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFF2930F7FC9994AFB71F9AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFF2930C7FC99D7EFAC9FD91.text	197787BAFFF2930C7FC99D7EFAC9FD91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trilobatus sicanus (de Stefani 1952)	<div><p>Trilobatus sicanus (de Stefani, 1952)</p> <p>Pl. 8, fig. 4</p> <p>Globigerinoides conglobata Cushman &amp; Stainforth, 1945, pl. 13, fig. 6. (Not Gs. conglobatus).</p> <p>Globigerinoides sicana de Stefani, 1952, p.9.</p> <p>Praeorbulina sicana Bolli et al., 1985, p. 199, fig. 24.7; Kender et al., 2008, p. 522, pl. 27, fig. 6.</p> <p>Description: The test surface is macroperforate and cancellate. The test is globular and circular in cross section. The chambers are rounded, with slit-like apertures separating the chambers. Approximately half of the test is enveloped by the final chamber. The primary aperture appears as a narrow slit-like opening and supplementary apertures form along sutures on the spiral side of the test.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of G. bisphericus is trace (&lt;1%) in samples of all three cores. The tests are small, measuring 0.3 mm in diameter.</p> <p>The likely ancestor of T. sicanus is T. bisphericus (Spezzaferri et al., 2015). This species differs from its ancestor in its more enveloping final chamber, with more of the umbilicus being covered. Trilobatus sicanus is also considered to be intermediate between T. bisphericus and Praeorbulina curva (Bolli et al., 1985).</p> <p>Environmental preferences: T. sicanus is identified as a subtropical to tropical species (BouDagher-Fadel, 2015).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species is an indicator species for the Miocene – Burdigalian to Langhian (Wade et al., 2011; BouDagher-Fadel, 2015).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: T. sicanus has been identified in Miocene strata from the Congo Basin (Kender et al., 2008) to the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFF2930C7FC99D7EFAC9FD91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFF1930C7FC99966FC67FA1A.text	197787BAFFF1930C7FC99966FC67FA1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trilobatus subsacculifer (Cita, Premoli Silva and Rossi 1965)	<div><p>Trilobatus subsacculifer (Cita, Premoli Silva and Rossi, 1965)</p> <p>Pl. 8, figs. 5–6</p> <p>Globigerinoides sacculifer subsacculifer Cita, Premoli Silva and Rossi, 1965, p. 268, pl. 31, figs. 3a–c.</p> <p>Globigerinoides subsacculifer Spezzaferri 1994, p. 38, pl. 13, figs. 4a–c; Spezzaferri et al., 2018b, p. 298, pl. 9.13, figs. 1–20.</p> <p>Description: The test surface is macroperforate. The test is trochospiral, globular and semi-circular in outline. There are four chambers in the final whorl, with the three basal chambers underneath the primary aperture separated by deep incised sutures. These basal chambers are overarched by a chamber that is finer in texture and shaped at a rounded angle to one side. The final chamber is lobulate in shape and is not always the largest chamber. The penultimate chamber is often the largest. The primary aperture forms a low arch above the three basal chambers on the apertural side. The apertural arch has a thin finely punctate layer and is often not as coarsely perforated as the rest of the test. Several supplementary apertures form on the spiral side of the test along sutures.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of T. subsacculifer form a minor component (&lt;10%) of the planktic foraminiferal assemblage in all three cores. The abundances are highest below the Mio-Pliocene contact. The tests are relatively small to moderate in size, measuring up to 0.4 mm in diameter.</p> <p>This species resembles Trilobatus sacculifer, but the last chamber might only be slightly pronounced and less sac-like compared to T. sacculifer. Tests of T. subsacculifer are also generally smaller than T. sacculifer, with a smaller arched primary aperture (Spezzaferri et al., 2018b).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: The stratigraphic range for T. subsacculifer is in the Miocene, from the Aquitanian to Messinian (Spezzaferri et al., 2018b).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: This species is recorded in middle Miocene-aged sediments of the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFF1930C7FC99966FC67FA1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFF1930D7FC99D28FAF6FE24.text	197787BAFFF1930D7FC99D28FAF6FE24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbulina universa d'Orbigny 1839	<div><p>Orbulina universa d’Orbigny, 1839</p> <p>Pl. 8, fig. 7</p> <p>Orbulina universa d’Orbigny, 1839, pl. 28, fig. 2; LeRoy, 1948, p. 501, fig.1a; Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983, p. 86, pl. 20, fig. 4–6; Kender et al., 2008, p. 522, pl. 28, fig. 2.</p> <p>Description: The test surface is spinose and covered with many perforations of different sizes across the entire test. The test is spherical, which may enclose an earlier globigerinid stage. There is no single large primary aperture.</p> <p>Remarks: The relative abundances of Orbulina universa form a minor component (&lt;10%) of the planktic foraminiferal assemblage in core 2658. In the deeper cores (2670 and 2682), the relative abundances are mostly at &lt;1% in the middle Miocene component of the cores. The tests are relatively small to moderate in size, measuring up to 0.5 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: Orbulina universa is an extant species with its first appearance datum in the middle Miocene (Langhian) (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983; Jones, 1994).</p> <p>Environmental preferences: This species is cosmopolitan and occurs widespread (BouDagher-Fadel, 2015), but has been documented to be more adapted to subtropical conditions, preferring warmer waters (Zachariasse et al., 1997; Gallagher et al., 2001; Kucera, 2007; Drinia et al., 2008; Hemleben et al., 1990).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Orbulina universa is stratigraphically and spatially widespread along the southern and western margin of Africa. This species has been documented to occur in Miocene-aged strata of the Congo Basin (Kender, 2007) to the northern Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study) and the southwestern shelf of South Africa (Compton et al., 2004). Wefer et al. (1998) reported the species to occur on the slope between central Namibia and offshore of the Orange River during the Pliocene and Pleistocene.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFF1930D7FC99D28FAF6FE24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
197787BAFFF0930D7FC9994AFBFAFB5C.text	197787BAFFF0930D7FC9994AFBFAFB5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Praeorbulina curva (Blow 1956)	<div><p>Praeorbulina curva (Blow, 1956)</p> <p>Pl. 8, fig. 8</p> <p>Globigerinoides glomerosa curva Blow, 1956, p. 64, text-fig. 1, 9–14.</p> <p>Praeorbulina glomerosa curva Bolli et al., 1985, p. 199, figs. 23.5, 24.6; Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1985, p. 82, pl. 18, figs. 3-4.</p> <p>Description: The test surface is cancellate-spinose. The test is trochospiral, globular and semi-circular or subspheroidal in cross section. The final chamber envelops earlier chambers. The proportion of the enveloping chamber is variable, with 40 to 70% of the test that can be covered. Apertures form slits along the margins of the ultimate, penultimate and earlier chambers. Numerous narrow slit-like apertures can cover the test along the sutures. The sutures become more incised in the later chambers.</p> <p>Remarks: This species occurs in minor abundances in the cores. The tests are moderate in size, measuring up to 0.4 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Environmental preferences: Praeorbulina curva is considered to be a temperate to warm water tropical species (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983).</p> <p>Global stratigraphic range: This species has been recorded to occur from the early (Burdigalian) to middle Miocene – Langhian (Kennett &amp; Srinivasan, 1983; Wade et al., 2011).</p> <p>Regional occurrence: Praeorbulina curva is documented to occur in middle Miocene-aged sediments of the northern Namibian continental shelf, south of the Kunene River mouth (this study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFF0930D7FC9994AFBFAFB5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bergh, Eugene W.;Compton, John S.	Bergh, Eugene W., Compton, John S. (2022): Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf. Zootaxa 5091 (1): 1-55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.1
