identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E4E4858D6CF657DD999B4F76FE976364.text	E4E4858D6CF657DD999B4F76FE976364.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis bourgaei E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 95. 1886.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1.  Agrostis bourgaei E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 95. 1886.</p>
            <p>Figs 3, 4A, 5A</p>
            <p> Agrostis bourgaei E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 550. 1885, nom. nud. </p>
            <p> = Agrostis thyrsigera Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17(19): 301. 1921. Type: Mexico. State of  México : wet banks, Sierra de las Cruces, 12 Aug 1893, C.G. Pringle 4485 (lectotype, designated by Vigosa-Mercado (2022a: 1): BR (BR0000006863616 [image!]); isolectoypes: BR (BR0000006864217 [image!]), K (K000308369 [image!]), KFTA (KFTA0002213 [image!]), MSC (MSC0129859 [image!]), NDG (NDG07467 [image!]), NY (NY00688876 [image!], NY00688877 [image!]), S (S12-16472 [image!]), W (W18940003052 [image!])). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Mexico City:  pedrégal près Tizapan,  vallée de  Mexico,  2 Aug 1865, E. Bourgeau 682 (holotype: P (P00740531 [image!]); isotype: US [fragm. ex P] (US 00156379)) . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 0.1-1.2 m long, erect, sometimes shortly decumbent at the base, nodes 2-4, glabrous, internodes glabrous, or sometimes scaberulous below the nodes and panicle. Leaves basal and cauline; sheaths 3-18 cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 1-7 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices acute, often lacerate; blades 3-15(-30) cm long, (0.5-)1-6 mm wide, linear, flat, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (2-)9-25(-30) cm long, (0.8-)3-7(-10) cm wide, open, lax, lanceolate, usually long-exserted from the upper sheaths; branches ascending to spreading, rebranching from about or above mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches (1-)2-10 cm long; pedicels 0.5-3 mm long, ascending to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets 2-2.7 mm long, usually purplish; glumes subequal to equal, lanceolate, apices shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 2-2.7 mm long, upper glume 1.8-2.5 mm long; callus puberulous, with 2 bunches of short trichomes, often inconspicuous; lemmas 1.5-1.8 mm long, elliptic, apices entire, acute or toothed, 5-nerved, veins inconspicuous, unawned; paleas present, (0.4-)0.5-0.7(-1) mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, (0.3-)0.5-0.7 mm long. Caryopsis 1.2-1.5 mm long, ellipsoid; endosperm soft. 2n= unknown.</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows medium-sized, wide; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle, adaxial sclerenchyma in strands or t-shaped girders; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 6A-C). Lemmas with transversal thickenings polygonal, wider than the unthickened portions of the wall; prickle hairs scarce (Fig. 7A).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Endemic. Herbarium specimens of  A. bourgaei have been collected in Mexico City and the Mexican states of Hidalgo,  México ,  Michoacán , Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca (Fig. 8A). The species has also been reported for Durango, Guanajuato,  Querétaro , Tlaxcala, and Veracruz (  Villaseñor 2016;  Dávila et al. 2018;  Sánchez-Ken 2019), but no specimens from these states were seen.  Agrostis bourgaei is mainly found on edges of streams and moist soils, in open areas of conifer forests of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, between 1800-3800 m a.s.l., with some outliers in Morelos found lower, at 725 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9D). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from June to February, but most of the records are from August (Fig. 10D).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> Agrostis bourgaei is similar to  A. gigantea , and both are often confused. They share very similar leaf anatomy and paleate spikelets, but  A. bourgaei is distinguished from the latter in the much more fragile aspect of the plants, caespitose habit, lateral branches of the panicle without spikelets near their base, lemmas with prickle hairs, transversal thickenings, and shorter paleas of up to 0.7(-1) mm long (vs. robust plants, usually rhizomatous habit, often some inferior branches with spikelets near their base, lemmas glabrous, without transversal thickenings, paleas up to 1.2 mm long in  A. gigantea ). The specimen  García-Mendoza 1116 (MEXU) from Oaxaca lacks vegetative parts that may allow a more acceptable identification, but is included tentatively in this species for its paleate spikelets. </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis bourgaei is an abundant and widespread species in Central Mexico. It is represented by 61 collections, with several populations occurring in 13 protected areas. The EOO is 45,765 km2 and the AOO is 1,476 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Mexico. Hidalgo:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.6/lat 20.1)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.1">Municipio Epazoyucan</a>
                 ,  Peñas Largas, [20.1°N, 98.6°W], 2850 m alt., 22 Dec 1983 J. Rzedowski 38373a (IEB, MEXU, XAL)  .   México :  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.63/lat 19.12)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.63&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.12">Municipio Lerma</a>
                 , 5 km al W de La Marquesa, en la  desviación a  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.63/lat 19.12)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.63&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.12">Salazar</a>
                 , [19.304403°N, 99.39047°W], 2800 m alt., 1 Aug 1981, R.  Guzmán 3966 (IBUG, MEXU). Municipio Ocuilan,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.63/lat 19.12)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.63&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.12">Laguna de Zempoala</a>
                 , [19.05034984°N, 99.31696647°W], 2800 m alt., 1 Aug 1987, J.  Castañeda 327 (MEXU [*]). Mexico City:  Alcaldía Cuajimalpa, Llano de la Cieneguilla, Puerto de las Cruces, [19.24694444°N, 99.33444444°W], 3500 m alt., 19 Sep 1983, S. Acosta and R. Aguilar 417 (CIIDIR, IEB, MEXU), 418 (CIIDIR, IEB, MEXU [*,**]), 419 (CIIDIR, IBUG, MEXU), 420 (CIIDIR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU); Parque Nacional Desierto de los Leones, 2 km a pie de La Venta por la brecha que va a Santa Rosa, 19.321112°N, 99.306817°W, 2881 m alt., 22 Aug 2021, L. Vigosa and A. Mercado 112 (MEXU [*,**]).  Michoacán : Municipio Angangueo,  Estación Chincua, Reserva de la  Biósfera Mariposa Monarca, [19.65618889°N, 100.2717278°W], 3030 m alt., 5 Aug 2000, M.G. Cornejo et al. 67 (IEB, MEXU [*]). Municipio  Maravatío , km 6 carretera  Maravatío-Ciudad Hidalgo al S del poblado de Casa Blanca, [19.85705°N, 100.4516389°W], 2000 m alt., J.E. Morales and A. Pastor 56 (IEB, MEXU [**]). Morelos: Municipio Huitzilac,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.63/lat 19.12)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.63&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.12">Lagunas de Zempoala</a>
                 , [19.05320158°N, 99.31276612°W, 2800 m alt.], 19 Sep 1938, E. Lyonnet 2518 (FCME [*], MEXU, UAMIZ, US); Municipio Tlaquiltenango, Huaxtla 18.37444444°N, 99.07222222°W, 725 m alt., 23 Feb 2015, G.  Rendón et al. s.n. (HUMO). Oaxaca: Municipio San  Andrés Lagunas, Laguna Grande, 1 km al N de San Isidro Lagunas, [17.62219847°N, 97.5414394°W], 2200 m alt., 5 Aug 1982, A.  García-Mendoza 1116 (MEXU). Puebla: Municipio San  Nicolás de los Ranchos, Paso de  Cortés , 3 km al S de la carretera a Amecameca, sobre la brecha al  Volcán Iztaccíhuatl , 13 km al E de Amecameca, [19.12°N, 98.63°W], 3760 m alt., 1 Nov 1976, S.D. Koch 76237 (CHAPA, US). See Suppl. materials 2, 3 for additional examined specimens  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4E4858D6CF657DD999B4F76FE976364	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
2A70AC98CBF65E94B1DC4FF42BD7E9DE.text	2A70AC98CBF65E94B1DC4FF42BD7E9DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis calderoniae Acosta, Phytologia 62 (6): 449, Fig. 1. 1987.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 2.  Agrostis calderoniae Acosta, Phytologia 62(6): 449, Fig. 1. 1987.</p>
            <p>Figs 4B, 5B, 11</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Mexico. State of   México :  Municipio Tlalmanalco , La  Ciénega ,  región de  Peñas Cuatas, ladera NW del  Iztaccíhuatl , 3600 m alt., 19 Aug 1984, S. Acosta 687 (holotype: ENCB! (ENCB003243 [image!]); isotypes: MEXU! (MEXU00436130 [image!]), CHAPA! (CHAPA0000037 [image!]), IEB, TEX)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 10-40 cm long, erect, nodes 1-2, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly basal; sheaths 3-10 cm long, usually longer than the internodes, glabrous; ligules 1.5-4 mm long, longer than wide, glabrous, apices acute, often lacerate; blades (1-)2-10 cm long, up to 2 mm wide, linear, conduplicate to convolute, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles 5-13 cm long, 2-10 cm wide, open, lax, lanceolate to ovate, long-exserted from the upper sheaths; branches ascending to spreading, rebranching about or above mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches 2-7 cm long; pedicels 1-3 mm long, ascending to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets 2.5-3.5 mm long, purplish; glumes subequal to equal, lanceolate, apices shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 2.5-3.5 mm long, upper glume 2.2-3.5 mm long; callus glabrous; lemmas 2-2.5 mm long, elliptic, apices irregularly toothed, 5-nerved, veins inconspicuous, unawned; paleas present, 0.5-1 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.7-1 mm long. Caryopsis not seen. 2n= unknown.</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades convolute or v-shaped in transversal section; adaxial furrows deep, narrow; adaxial ribs rounded to triangular; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial sclerenchyma in strands or girders in the central bundle, narrowing towards the bundle, adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath not interrupted, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma; intercostal sclerenchyma present, abaxial; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 6D, E). Lemmas with transversal thickenings irregular, wider than the unthickened portions of the wall; prickle hairs abundant (Fig. 7B).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Endemic.  Agrostis calderoniae has only been collected in the western slope of the  Iztaccíhuatl volcano, in the state of  México (Fig. 8B). This species grows in moist soils near the edge of streams, in open areas of temperate forests with  Pinus , between 3500-3800 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9E). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected in January, July, and August (Fig. 10E).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> This species is similar to  A. bourgaei , in the caespitose habit and paleate spikelets, but it is distinguished in the mostly basal leaves, leaf blades conduplicate or convolute, with deep adaxial furrows, abaxial intercostal sclerenchyma, longer spikelets of 2.5-3.5 mm long, and lemmas with transversal thickenings of irregular shape (vs. basal and cauline leaves, leaf blades flat, with medium-sized adaxial furrows, without intercostal sclerenchyma, spikelets of 2-2.7 mm long, lemmas with polygonal transversal thickenings in  A. bourgaei ). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis calderoniae only has been collected in two localities of the  Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatéptl National Park, where it is reported as scarce in the labels of the herbarium specimens. The EOO and AOO cannot be calculated, but by the scarcity and size of the populations of this species, the category of Endangered (EN) is suggested. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Mexico.  México :  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.68083/lat 19.225279)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.68083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.225279">Municipio Amecameca</a>
                 , vertiente SW del  Iztaccíhuatl , 4 km al N de la  estación retransmisora de TV, [19.14308652°N, 98.64774789°W], 3800 alt., 15 Jul 1965, J. Rzedowski 20161 (ENCB).  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.68083/lat 19.225279)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.68083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.225279">Municipio Tlalmanalco</a>
                 , vertiente NW del  Iztaccíhuatl , en la  región de  Peñas Cuatas, La  Ciénega , [19.225278°N, 98.680833°W], 3650 m alt., 6 Jan 1966, J. Rzedowski 21798 (ENCB); La  Ciénega ,  región de la cabeza del  Iztacccíhuatl , [19.225278°N, 98.680833°W], 19 Aug 1984, S. Acosta 692 (IEB [*,**]); 3600 m alt., 18 Jul 1982, J. Rzedowski 37855 (ENCB)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A70AC98CBF65E94B1DC4FF42BD7E9DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
0E5286B6E7B75EF89D55489B6614600B.text	0E5286B6E7B75EF89D55489B6614600B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis capillaris L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 3.  Agrostis capillaris L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753.</p>
            <p>Figs 4C, 5C, 12</p>
            <p> = Agrostis capillaris Huds., Fl. Angl. 27. 1762, nom. illeg. hom., non L., 1753.  Agrostis tenuis Sibth., Fl. Oxon. 36. 1794.  Agrostis alba L. var. tenuis (Sibth.) Fiori, Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 97. 1923. Type: England. Habitat in pratis et pascuis ubique (not located). </p>
            <p> Agrostis polymorpha Huds. var. capillaris (L.) Huds., Fl. Angl. 1: 31. 1778. </p>
            <p> Vilfa capillaris (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 147. 1812. </p>
            <p> Trichodium capillaris (L.) Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 41. 1821.* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Herb. A. Van Royen s.n. (lectotype, designated by  Widén (1971: 65): L [left hand specimen] (L (L0052645 [image!])). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, short rhizomatous, rarely stoloniferous. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Rhizomes up to 5 cm long. Culms 10-80 cm long, erect, decumbent at the base, nodes up to 7, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; sheaths 1-13 cm long, longer or shorter than the internodes, glabrous; ligules of the basal blades 0.2-1.5 mm long, the upper ones up to 2 mm long, usually shorter than wide, rarely longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices rounded to truncate, erose, sometimes lacerate; blades 3-15 cm long, 1-5 mm wide, linear, flat, sometimes becoming convolute when drying, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (3-)10-20 cm long, (1-)2-12 cm wide, open, lax, oblong to ovate, usually long-exserted from the upper sheaths; branches ascending to spreading, rebranching about or above mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches up to 7 cm long; pedicels 0.4-3.3 mm long, usually spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets (1.7-)2-3(-3.5) mm long, greenish to purplish; glumes subequal, lanceolate, apices shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 2.5-3.5 mm long, upper glume 2.2-3.3 mm long; callus glabrous or with a few trichomes, inconspicuous; lemmas 1-2.5 mm long, elliptic, apices entire, acute to obtuse, sometimes truncate, 3(5)-veined, veins usually prominent, sometimes two veins excurrent ca. 0.5 mm, unawned, rarely awned near mid-length, awn up to 2 mm, geniculate or straight; paleas present, 0.6-1.2(-1.4) mm long, 2-veined, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.8-1.4 mm long. Caryopsis 0.8-1.5, elliptic; endosperm solid. 2n= 28 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat to convolute in transversal section; adaxial furrows medium-sized, narrow; adaxial ribs rounded to triangular; keel absent; first order bundles circular to slightly elliptical in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially or also adaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 6F, G). Lemmas without transversal thickenings; prickle hairs abundant (Fig. 7C).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Introduced.  Agrostis capillaris is native to Europe. This species has been collected in Francisco  Morazán , Honduras, and in the state of  México , Mexico (Fig. 8C). It grows in cloud forests and  Pinus forests, at 2000-2830 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9F). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected in June (Fig. 10F).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> This species is often confused with  A. castellana (see notes under excluded species). Some individuals of  A. capillaris can develop ligules of the flowering culms longer than wide. </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Since  Agrostis capillaris is an introduced species in the study zone, its conservation status is considered as Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                 Honduras.   Francisco  Morazán :  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.1/lat 14.2)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.2">Distrito Central</a>
                 , bosque denso,  húmedo y nebuloso de  Montaña La Tigra, al SO de San Juancito, [14.2°N, 87.1°W], 2000 m alt., 11 Jun 1963, A. Molina 12706 (MICH, US). MEXICO.   México :  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.88333/lat 19.166666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.166666">Municipio Temascaltepec</a>
                 ,  Mesón Viejo, [19.16666667°N, 99.88333333°W], 2830 m alt., 1 Jun 1933, G.B. Hinton 3996 (MO, TEX [*, **], US)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E5286B6E7B75EF89D55489B6614600B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
3EE073AE05EB5C28A386FC843953256C.text	3EE073AE05EB5C28A386FC843953256C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis elliottiana Schult., Mant. 2: 202. 1824.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 4.  Agrostis elliottiana Schult., Mant. 2: 202. 1824.</p>
            <p>Figs 4D, 5D, 13</p>
            <p> Agrostis arachnoides Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1(2): 134. 1816, nom. illeg. hom., non Poir., 1810. Type: USA. South Carolina near Orangeburgh, I.S. Bennet s.n. (holotype: CHARL (CHARL-BY3758 [image!])). </p>
            <p> Notonema arachnoides Raf., Neogenyton 4. 1825. </p>
            <p> = Agrostis exigua Thurb., Bot. California 2: 275. 1880. Type: USA. California: foothills of the Sierras, H.N. Bolander s. n. (holotype: GH (GH00022956 [image!]); isotypes: MO (MO-123096 [image!]), US (US00156423[image!])). </p>
            <p> Notonema arachnoides Raf. ex B.D. Jacks., Index Kew. 2: 319. 1894, nom. inval., pro syn. </p>
            <p> = Agrostis elliottiana Schult. fo. molesta Shinners, Rhodora 56(662): 28. 1954. Type: USA. Texas: Wood County, sandy upland pine woods 2.7 miles east of Mineaola, 23 Apr 1953, L.H. Shinners 14372 (holotype: BRIT (BRIT408703 [image!])). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Based on  Agrostis arachnoides Elliott. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants annual, caespitose. Tillers absent. Culms 5-45 cm long, erect, sometimes geniculate at the base, nodes (3-)4-9, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; sheaths 1-5 cm long, longer or shorter than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules (0.7-)1.5-3.5(-5) mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices rounded to truncate, lacerate; blades 0.5-4(-7) cm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, linear, flat, sometimes becoming conduplicated, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (3-)5-20 cm long, (0.5-)2-12 cm wide, open, lax, linear to ovate, usually exserted from the upper sheaths, the whole panicle detaching after maturity; branches ascending to spreading, rebranching about or above mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches 2-8 cm long; pedicels 0.3-7.5 mm long, ascending to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets 1.5-2.2 mm long, purplish; glumes equal to subequal, lanceolate, apices acute, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, sometimes margins distally scaberulous, lower glume 1.5-2.2 mm long, upper glume 1.3-2 mm long; callus pubescent, with 2 bunches of trichomes; lemmas 1-2 mm long, elliptic, apices entire, acute or toothed, 5-nerved, veins prominent, awned in the upper third, awn 3-10 mm, flexuous, deciduous; paleas absent, or up to 0.2 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anther 1, 0.1-0.2 mm long. Caryopsis 1-1.4 mm long, elliptic; endosperm liquid. 2n= 28 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat to v-shaped in transversal section; adaxial furrows deep, narrow; adaxial ribs triangular; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma present, abaxial; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 6H, I). Lemmas with transversal thickenings oblong, wider than the unthickened portions of the wall; prickle hairs abundant (Fig. 7D).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis elliottiana is native to North America, distributed on the East Coast of USA, from Pennsylvania to Florida, and from northern California to Texas (Harvey 2007). Herbarium specimens from the study zone of this species have been collected in southern Arizona and New Mexico, USA (Fig. 8D).  Agrostis elliottiana has also been reported from the Mexican state of  Yucatán (Beetle et al. 1983), but herbarium specimens associated with this record have not been found. This species grows in the edges of streams, in the middle of scrublands, with  Arctostaphylos and  Juniperus , between 1189-1676 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9G). There are more records of this species in the study zone, on databases (GBIF 2023a), but not all of them have images, and thus we were unable to confirm their identity. </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected in April (Fig. 10G).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> Agrostis elliottiana is often confused with  A. hyemalis but differs from it in the annual habit of the plants, leaf blades sometimes conduplicated, with triangular adaxial ribs and abaxial intercostal sclerenchyma, spikelets not clustered, lemmas with a flexuous awn, and only one anther (vs. perennial plants, leaf blades flat, with rounded abaxial ribs, without intercostal sclerenchyma, spikelets clustered at branch tips, lemmas unawned, three anthers in  A. hyemalis ). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis elliottiana apparently is a rare species in the study zone. It is only represented by four collections, occurring in the Coronado National Forest. The EOO is 1,078 km2 and the AOO is 16 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Endangered (EN). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  USA. Arizona: Pima County, Arizona National Scenic Trail,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.48333/lat 32.11667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.11667">Santa Catalina Mountains</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.48333/lat 32.11667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.11667">Coronado National Forest</a>
                 , along 4WD road west of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.48333/lat 32.11667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.11667">Bellota Ranch</a>
                 , 32.324417°N, 110.6547°W, 1189 m alt., 28 Apr 2005, W.C. Hodgson et al. 20220 (DES);  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.48333/lat 32.11667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.11667">Coronado National Forest</a>
                 , 6.8 mi E of Coronado National Forest boundary, along extension of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.48333/lat 32.11667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.11667">Tanque Verde Road</a>
                 , [32.2516°N, 110.62°W], 1300 m alt., 28 Apr 1973, E. Lehto et al. 10924 (ASU [*, **]); E edge of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.48333/lat 32.11667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.11667">Rincon Mountains</a>
                 , 4 km N of Pima-Cochise County line along USFS-35 (Mescal Road), [32.116667°N, 110.483333°W], 1330 m alt., 16 Apr 1986, J.R. Reeder 842 (MICH)  .   New Mexico: Hidalgo County, Peloncillo Mountains,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.98695/lat 31.448973)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.98695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.448973">Cloverdale Creek</a>
                 Canyon about 1.3 road mi NW of the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.98695/lat 31.448973)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.98695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.448973">Pendleton Ranch House</a>
                 , [31.448973°N, 108.986951°W], 1676 m alt., 20 Apr 1986, R.D. Worthington 14015 (COLO, DES, NY, UNM)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EE073AE05EB5C28A386FC843953256C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
9B2C37B1230852BDA2EE3193095F7375.text	9B2C37B1230852BDA2EE3193095F7375.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis exarata Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 207. 1824.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 5.  Agrostis exarata Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 207. 1824.</p>
            <p>Figs 4E, 5E, 14</p>
            <p> = Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. var. monolepis Torr., Pacif. Railr. Rep. 5(2): 366. 1858.  Agrostis exarata Trin. var. monolepis (Torr.) Hitchc., Amer. J. Bot. 21(3): 136. 1934.  Agrostis ampla Hitchc. fo. monolepis (Torr.) Beetle, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 544. 1945. Type. USA. California: Pose Creek, Walkers Pass, Aug 1853, Blake s.n. (holotype: NY (NY431434 [image!]); isotype: US [fragm. ex NY] (US04019109 [image!]). </p>
            <p> = Agrostis durangensis Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17(19-30): 301. 1921. Type: MEXICO. Durango: collected at the city of Durango and vicinity, 1896, E. Palmer 190 (lectotype, designated by Vigosa-Mercado (2022a: 1): MO (MO-128909 [image!]; isolectotypes F (F0046563F [image!]), FCME! [fragm. ex US], GH (GH00022993 [image!]), NY (NY00327644 [image!]), US (US00151844 [image!], US00151845 [image!], US00151846 [image!], US00156413 [image!], US00486604 [image!])).* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> USA. Alaska: Unalaska, 1829, J.F. Eschscholtz s.n. (holotype: LE (LE00009316 [image!]); isotype: LE) . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose, rarely shortly rhizomatous. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 10-90 cm long, erect or decumbent at the base, nodes 2-4, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; sheaths 3-10 cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous; ligules 2.5-5 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices acute, often lacerate; blades 3-15 cm long, 1.5-4(-8) mm wide, linear, flat, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (2-)4-20(-30) cm long, 0.4-2(-3) cm wide, contracted, usually dense and spiciform, lanceolate to oblong, sometimes interrupted at the base, sometimes partially included in the upper sheaths; branches appressed to ascending, rebranching about or below mid-length, scaberulous, usually with spikelets almost to the base, inferior branches 1-5 cm long; pedicels 0.5-3 mm long, appressed, scaberulous. Spikelets 2-2.5 mm long, greenish to stramineous; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, sometimes also on the body, sometimes awned, awn ca. 1 mm long, lower glume 2-2.5 mm long, upper glume 1.5-2.3 mm long; callus glabrous or with 2 bunches of few, short trichomes, often inconspicuous; lemmas 1.2-2 mm long, elliptic, apices acute or shortly toothed, 5-nerved, veins prominent distally or inconspicuous throughout, usually unawned, sometimes awned about mid-length, awn up to 3 mm long, geniculate or straight; paleas absent or 0.3-0.8 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.3-0.7 mm long. Caryopsis 1-1.5 mm long, elliptic; endosperm soft or solid. 2n= 28, 42, 56 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows deep, narrow; adaxial ribs rounded; keel sometimes present, with three vascular bundles; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle, adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells present, associated with first and second order vascular bundles (Fig. 15A-C). Lemmas with transversal thickenings polygonal, wider than the unthickened portions of the wall; prickle hairs absent or scarce (Fig. 7E).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis exarata is distributed from Alaska to central Mexico, and is also found in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands (Harvey 2007). In the study zone, this species has been collected in the USA states of Arizona, California, New Mexico and Texas, and in the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo and Sonora (Fig. 8E). It has also been reported from Mexico City and the Mexican states of  México and Puebla (  Villaseñor 2016;  Sánchez-Ken 2019), but no specimens from these states were seen. It grows in moist soils of stream edges and lake margins, in open areas of temperate forests with  Pinus or  Quercus , and shrublands, between 350-2900 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9H). The USA and Baja California populations of this species grow in lower elevations than the southern ones. </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from April to November (Fig. 10H).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p>For other regions it has been reported that the panicles can reach 4 cm wide, and paleas up to 0.5 mm long (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p> Agrostis exarata is a variable species. Several specific names or infraspecific taxa have been proposed, but none of them are recognized in this work. Mexican populations of this species have been called  A. durangensis , and are characterized by the unawned lemmas, and the presence of a short, veinless palea, but these characters overlap with populations of other regions.  Agrostis exarata is often confused with several  Polypogon species, which are often sympatric, but differs from them in the spikelets disarticulating above the glumes (vs. disarticulation below the glumes, with a pedicel fragment). Mexican populations of  A. exarata are sometimes confused with some individuals of  A. tolucensis with wide leaf blades, but differ from it in the spikelets often with a palea, and lemma usually unawned (vs. spikelets without a palea, lemma awned in  A. tolucensis ). This species is also confused with  A. blasdalei and  A. densiflora (see the notes in excluded species). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis exarata is a widespread species in the study zone. It is represented by 61 collections, with several populations occurring in 13 protected areas. The EOO is 1,402,821 km2 and the AOO is 188 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Mexico. Baja California. Municipio Ensenada, Sierra San Pedro  Mártir , head of arroyo  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.463326/lat 31.044184)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.463326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.044184">Copal</a>
                 , steep canyon on E sidelong crest of range, 1.5 km N of cerro  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.463326/lat 31.044184)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.463326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.044184">Observatorio</a>
                 , [31.04418346°N, 115.463326°W, 2800 m alt.], 16 Jul 1988, S. Boyd and T. Ross 2544 (F, MEXU [*], NY)  .   Baja California Sur: Municipio  Comondú , along small dry streambed, on open rolling ridge tops,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.97158/lat 26.22975)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.97158&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.22975">La Chuparosa</a>
                 , [26.22975°N, 111.97158°W, 350 m alt.], 12 Apr 1955, A. Carter and R.S. Ferris s.n. (SD)  .   Chihuahua: Municipio Ocampo,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.208336/lat 28.166666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.208336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.166666">Parque Nacional de la Cascada de Basaseachi</a>
                 , [28.16666667°N, 108.2083333°W], 1600 m alt., 26 Apr 1985, R. Spellenberg et al. (MEXU), 9056 (MEXU)  .   Without municipality, by springs,  Sierra Madre , 2900 m alt., 3 Oct 1887, C.G. Pringle 1421 (F, MEXU)  .   Coahuila: Municipio Zaragoza, Sierra del Carmen,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.705414/lat 29.110216)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.705414&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.110216">Canyon de Sentenela</a>
                 [Centinela] on  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.705414/lat 29.110216)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.705414&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.110216">Hacienda Piedra Blanca</a>
                 , [29.11021676°N, 101.7054129°W, 860 m alt.], 6 Jul 1936, F.L. Wynf and C.H. Muller 547 (MSC)  .   Durango: Municipio San Dimas:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.77583/lat 24.449444)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.77583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.449444">Vencedores</a>
                 , camino a las  cabañas , 24.44944444°N, 105.7758333°W, 2355 m alt., 25 Aug 2013, S. Heynes 587 (MEXU [*,**])  ;   Guanajuato: Municipio San Felipe,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.63544/lat 21.385048)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.63544&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.385048">Vergel de la Sierra</a>
                 , [21.38504722°N, 101.6354389°W], 2440 m alt., 3 Sep 1981, R.  Guzmán 4543 (MEXU [*,**]), R.  Santillán 154-R (MEXU)  .   Hidalgo: Municipio  Acaxochitlán ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.145325/lat 20.189775)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.145325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.189775">San Francisco</a>
                 , [20.1897756°N, 98.14532383°W], 2000 m alt., 30 May 1985, A. Villa 186 (MEXU)  .   Sonora:  Sonora , 24 Jun 1855, A. Schott s.n. (F)  .   USA. Arizona: Cochise County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.360504/lat 31.75745)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.360504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.75745">Rucker Canyon</a>
                 , [31.757451°N, 109.360505°W], 2495 m alt., 28 May 1952, E.R. Blakley 1301 (DES)  .   California: San Diego County, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, 0.4 mile NE of intersection of state highway 79 and  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.5714/lat 32.9728)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.5714&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.9728">Stonewall Mine</a>
                 road, ca. 100 m NE of Los Caballos equestrian campground and 20 m south of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.5714/lat 32.9728)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.5714&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.9728">Stonewall Mine</a>
                 road in north-treading drainage, 32.9728°N, 116.5714°W, 1440 alt., 26 Jun 2005, L. Hendrickson 1093 (BSCA, SD [*,**])  .   New Mexico: Grant County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.97769/lat 32.858383)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.97769&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.858383">Mimbres River</a>
                 , [32.858382°N, 107.977694°W], 1676 m alt., 1 Jul 1904, O.B. Metcalfe 1073 (F, NY)  .   Texas: Brewster County, Lower Oak Creek,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.3012/lat 29.266026)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.3012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.266026">Chisos Mountains</a>
                 , [29.266025°N, 103.301199°W, 1700 m alt.], 6 Jul 1937, B.H. Warnock 20153 (TEX). See Suppl. materials 2, 3 for additional examined specimens  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B2C37B1230852BDA2EE3193095F7375	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
B42D528ED154500A8801E30F08BCE890.text	B42D528ED154500A8801E30F08BCE890.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis ghiesbreghtii E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 97. 1886.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 6.  Agrostis ghiesbreghtii E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 97. 1886.</p>
            <p>Figs 4F, 5F, 16</p>
            <p> Agrostis ghiesbreghtii E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 551. 1885, nom. nud. </p>
            <p> = Agrostis setifolia E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 97. 1886, nom. illeg. hom., non Brot., 1804.  Agrostis setifolia E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 551. 1885, nom. nud. Type.  México . Veracruz: pic  d’Orizaba , F.M. Liebmann 712 (holotype: C (C10016729 [image!])). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Oaxaca: Province  d’Oaxaca , 1842, A. Ghiesbreght s.n. (holotype: P (P00740574 [image!]); isotype: US [fragm. ex P] (US 00156357 [image!]))  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 30-90 cm long, erect, rarely shortly decumbent at the base, nodes 2-5, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; sheaths 4-10 cm long, the lower ones shorter than the internodes, the upper ones longer, glabrous; ligules 1.5-6(-12) mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices acute, often lacerate; blades 3.5-27 cm long, 1-3.5(-5) mm wide, stiff, linear, convolute or involute, the upper ones sometimes flat, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles 8-30 cm long, 5-19 cm wide, open, lax, ovate, usually long-exserted from the upper sheaths; branches spreading, rebranching about or above mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches 1.5-10 cm long; pedicels 2.5-5(-10) mm long, ascending to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets (2.5-)3-4 mm long, usually purplish; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume (2.5-)3-4 mm long, upper glume (2.2-)2.7-3.9 mm long; callus pubescent, with 2 bunches of trichomes; lemmas (1.5-)1.8-2.5 mm long, elliptic, apices irregularly toothed, 5-nerved, veins prominent, awned from near the base, awn 2.3-5 mm long, geniculate; paleas absent, or up to 0.2 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 1-1.5 mm long. Caryopsis 1.2-1.5 mm long, elliptic; endosperm soft. 2n= unknown.</p>
            <p>Leaf anatomy. Leaf blades convolute, rarely flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows deep, narrow; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle, adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma usually present, a hypodermal band, sometimes absent; leaf margins with sclerenchyma continuous with the hypodermal band; colorless cells absent (Fig. 15D, E). Lemmas with transversal thickenings oblong, wider than the unthickened portions of the wall; prickle hairs abundant (Fig. 7F).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Endemic.  Agrostis ghiesbreghtii is distributed from central Mexico to Guatemala. In Mexico, it has been collected in Mexico City and the states of Chiapas, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo,  México ,  Michoacán , Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz (Fig. 8F). It is also reported from Chihuahua and Durango (  Sánchez-Ken 2019), but no specimens from these states were seen. In Guatemala, it has been collected in the departments of Quetzaltenango and  Sacatepéquez . This species grows in open areas of temperate forests, with  Abies ,  Pinus ,  Quercus , and alpine grasslands, between 1110-3700 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9I). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Flowering and fruiting specimens have been collected year round, but most of them between the months of August and February (Fig. 10I).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> This species is similar to  A. laxissima in the open panicles, awned lemmas and lemma micromorphological features, but it is distinguished in the leaf blades stiffer, usually convolute or involute, with deep adaxial furrows and usually with a hypodermal bland of abaxial sclerenchyma, and usually larger spikelets of (2.5-)3-4 mm long (vs. leaf blades lax, flat, with medium-sized adaxial furrows, without intercostal sclerenchyma, spikelets of 1.7-3 mm long in  A. laxissima ). Some specimens with unusually wide and flat upper leaf blades have been collected in Guerrero and Chiapas, but the other characters are congruent with  A. ghiesbreghtii . This species is also very similar to  A. mertensii , and more studies are needed to define its taxonomic boundaries (see the notes in excluded species). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis ghiesbreghtii is a widespread species in the study zone. It is represented by 80 collections, with several populations occurring in 12 protected areas. The EOO is 240,863 km2 and the AOO is 176 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Guatemala.  Sacatepéquez : Distrito Alotenango,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.5492/lat 14.7583)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.5492&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.7583">Volcan
de Acatenango
</a>
                 , [14.499453°N, 90.87175°W], 3700 m alt., 10 Apr 2000, M.  Véliz et al. 8303 (MEXU), 8371 (MEXU). Quetzaltenango: Distrito Quetzaltenango,  Volcán Santa  María , upper NE facing slopes to summit of volcano, [14.7583°N, 91.5492°W], 3600 m alt., 13 Jan 1940, J.A. Steyermark 34160 (F)  .   Mexico. Chiapas: Municipio Motozintla, near summit of cerro Mozotal, [15.42605394°N, 92.34362676°W], 2750 m alt., 24 Nov 1981, D.E. Breedlove 55885 (MICH, MEXU [*], TEX), 55893 (MEXU, MO). Guanajuato: Municipio  Xichú ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.36667/lat 20.733334)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.733334">
Sierra de 
Xichu</a>
                 , [21.28736944°N, 100.0888472°W], 1900 m alt., 19 Sep 1981, A. Mora 281-AMB (MEXU). Guerrero: Municipio General Heliodoro Castillo, Escalerilla, [17.47217778°N, 100.0386778°W], 2550 m alt., 1 Nov 1998, N. Diego 8296 (FCME [*], MEXU); cerro Teotepec, [17.46666667°N, 100.2166667°W], 3350 m alt., 11 Apr 1963, J. Rzedowski 18137 (ENCB, F, IEB, MICH). Hidalgo:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.36667/lat 20.733334)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.733334">Municipio Mineral del Chico</a>
                 , alrededores de Las Ventanas, 5 km al N de Pachuca, [20.19252776°N, 98.73954093°W], 2900 m alt., 2 Nov 1983, S Acosta et al. 416 (FCME, MEXU [*,**], UAMIZ, XAL). Municipio  Zimapán , 11 km al S de La Luz, [20.733333°N, 99.366667°W], 1100 m alt., 10 Jan 1991, V.M. Huerta 1165 (CIB, IEB, XAL)  .   México : Municipio San  Simón de Guerrero, 3 km sobre la  desviación de  Simón de Guerrero, carretera hacia Sultepec, [19.01857206°N, 100.0280164°W], 2870 m alt., 7 Feb 1984, E. Manrique et al. 673 (MEXU). Mexico City:  Alcaldía Cuajimalpa, loma La Vaquera (arroyo  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.2051/lat 19.111921)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.2051&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.111921">Agua de Leones</a>
                 ), 3220 m alt., 16 Oct 1985, A. Miranda and P. Guerrero 136a (MEXU).  Michoacán : Municipio Contepec, cerro Altamirano, Reserva de la  Biósfera Mariposa Monarca, 19.96667°N, 100.13333°W, 3027 m alt., 6 Mar 2005, J.  Martínez 1453 (IEB, MEXU [**]). Morelos: Municipio Huitzilac, Zempoala, [19.03333333°N, 99.3°W], 3000 m alt., 3 Nov 1951, E. Matuda 26005 (MEXU, US). Oaxaca: Municipio Santa  María Tlahuitoltepec, SE slopes of Sierra Zempoaltepetl, [17.129956°N, 96.01353°W], 3300 m alt., 7 Aug 1950, H.S. Gentry 9231 (MEXU [*]). Municipio San  Martín Peras: Santiago Juxtlahuaca, San  Martín Peras, carretera Tecomaxtlahuaca-San  Martín Peras, 2 km de la  intersección a  Coicoyán de las Flores, 17.2963333°N, 98.195528°W, 2570 m alt., 17 Oct 1994, J.L. Panero et al. 5117 (MEXU [*], TEX). Puebla: Municipio Atzitzintla, Teamalaquilla [Texmalaquilla], [18.943056°N, 97.2875°W], 3100 m alt., 29 Aug 1938, E.K. Balls 5393 (MICH, MSC, US). Veracruz: Municipio Calcahualco, barranca de San Miguel Tlacotiopa, [19.11192082°N, 97.20509861°W], 2700 m alt., 19 Jan 1989, P. Tenorio 15470 (CIIDIR, MEXU [*,**]). See the Suppl. material 2 for additional examined specimens  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B42D528ED154500A8801E30F08BCE890	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
CDB60DBFB8F0569BBF0FFB9D88428E73.text	CDB60DBFB8F0569BBF0FFB9D88428E73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis gigantea Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 31. 1788.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 7.  Agrostis gigantea Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 31. 1788.</p>
            <p>Figs 4G, 5G, 17</p>
            <p> Triticum giganteum (Roth) Roth, Catal. Bot. 3: 22. 1806. </p>
            <p> Vilfa gigantea (Roth) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16: 147. 1812. </p>
            <p> Agrostis alba L. var. aristata Spenn., Fl. Friburg. 1: 94. 1825. </p>
            <p> Agrostis stolonifera L. subsp. gigantea (Roth)  Schübl . &amp; G. Martens, Fl.  Würtemberg (ed. 1) 64. 1834. </p>
            <p> Agrostis stolonifera L. var. gigantea (Roth)  Bréb ., Fl. Normandie 390. 1835. </p>
            <p> Agrostis alba L. var. gigantea (Roth) G. Mey., Chloris Han. 655. 1836, non Spenner 1825. </p>
            <p> Agrostis alba L. subsp. gigantea (Roth) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital. 768. 1882. </p>
            <p> = Agrostis virletii E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 96. 1886.  Agrostis virletii E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 552. 1885, nom. nud. Type. Mexico. San Luis  Potosí : Prov. de San Luis, 1851, M. Virlet  d’Aoust 1345 (lectotype, designated by Vigosa-Mercado (2022a: 2): P (P00740442 [image!]); isolectotypes: P (P00740440 [image!], P00740441 [image!]), US [fragm. ex P] (US00156515 [image!])). </p>
            <p> Agrostis stolonifera L. subsp. gigantea (Roth) Maire &amp; Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 2(XLV): 120. 1953. </p>
            <p> Agrostis stolonifera L. subsp. gigantea (Roth) Beldie, Fl. Republ. Socialiste Romania 12: 152. 1972, nom. illeg. hom.* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Germany.  Herb. Albrecht de Haller , A.W. Roth s.n. (lectotype, designated by  Widén (1971: 97): G (G00195254 [image!]))  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, rhizomatous. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Rhizomes up to 25 cm long. Culms 0.2-1.2 m long, erect, sometimes geniculate, nodes 3-7, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; sheaths 4.5-13 cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 1-7 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices rounded to truncate, erose to lacerate; blades (2-)3.5-20 cm long, 1-8 mm wide, usually at least some blades larger than 5 mm wide, linear, flat, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (9-)13-40 cm long, 4-16 cm wide, open, dense to lax, lanceolate to ovate, exserted from the upper sheaths; branches ascending to spreading, rebranching about or above mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base or often some inferior branches with spikelets, inferior branches 2.5-15 cm long; pedicels 0.3-3 mm long, ascending to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets 1.7-3 mm long, greenish to purplish; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate to ovate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.7-3 mm long, upper glume 1.3-2.8 mm long; callus glabrous or with 2 bunches of few, very short trichomes, inconspicuous; lemmas 1.4-2 mm long, elliptic to oblong, apices entire, acute or sometimes truncate, 3-5-veined, veins inconspicuous or prominent distally, usually unawned; paleas present, 0.5-1.2 mm long, faintly 2-veined, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.7-1.2 mm long. Caryopsis 1-1.5 mm long, elliptic, endosperm solid. 2n= 42 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows medium-sized, wide; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with small to well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 15F-H). Lemmas without transversal thickenings, or these poorly developed; prickle hairs absent or scarce (Fig. 7G).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Introduced.  Agrostis gigantea is native to Eurasia. In the study zone, it has been collected in the USA states of Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, and in Mexico City, and the Mexican states of Durango,  México ,  Michoacán , San Luis  Potosí , and Sonora (Fig. 18A). This species has also been reported from Guanajuato, Morelos, and Oaxaca (  Sánchez-Ken 2019), but no specimens from these states were found.  Agrostis gigantea grows in disturbed areas, mainly in moist soils of ditches, marshy places and stream edges, between 651-3300 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9J). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from June to December (Fig. 10J).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> It has been reported for other regions that the blades can reach 12 mm wide, spikelets up to 3.2 mm long and lemmas up to 2.2 mm long (Harvey 2007). This species is often confused with  A. bourgaei (see the note under the description of that species).  Agrostis gigantea also is similar to  A. stolonifera in the paleate spikelets, but differs from it in the rhizomatous habit of the plants and more open panicle (vs. stoloniferous plants, panicle usually contracted in  A. stolonifera ). </p>
            <p> The rhizomatous plants of  Agrostis , with paleate spikelets, were formerly known as  A. alba L., a name that was described without a type designation (Linnaeus 1753). Hitchcock (1905) considered the specimen LINN 84.23 as the type, but this was received by Linnaeus long after 1753 (Jarvis 2007).  Widén (1971) indicates that this name must be typified by a specimen at the Van Royen Herbarium (L0052692), since  A. alba was based on the work of Royen (1740), but that specimen corresponds to  Poa nemoralis L., so currently  A. alba is a synonym of the latter. </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Since  Agrostis gigantea is an introduced species in the study zone, its conservation status is considered as Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Mexico. Durango: Municipio Canelas,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.44419/lat 25.102734)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.44419&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.102734">Las Cebollitas</a>
                 , [25.10273363°N, 106.4441947°W], 2460 m alt., 1 Aug 1990, A.  Benítez 1725 (CIIDIR, MEXU, UAMIZ)  .   México : Municipio Amecameca, km 15 carretera Amecameca-Tlamacas, [19.08516405°N, 98.68113865°W, 3288 m alt.], 2 Oct 1992, A. Miranda and G. Villegas 634 (MEXU [*]). Municipio Isidro Fabela, alrededores de la presa Iturbide, [19.52454734°N, 99.46880154°W], 3300 m alt., 19 Aug 1971, J. Rzedowski 28545 (IBUG [*, **]). Municipio Jilotepec, Jilotepec, [19.96787783N, 99.51665054], 2450 m alt., 27 June 1954, E. Matuda 30961 (MEXU [*, **]). Mexico City:  Alcaldía Cuajimalpa, La Venta, Santa Rosa-Contreras, [19.33155°N, 99.31138889°W], 2600 m alt., 29 Jul 1951, E. Matuda 21271 (MEXU [*, **]).  Michoacán : Municipio Salvador Escalante,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.65326/lat 28.361849)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.65326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.361849">Santa Clara del Cobre</a>
                 , [19.41071944°N, 101.6532583°W], 2150 m alt., E.  Pérez 96 (IEB, MEXU). Sonora: Municipio  Yécora , 5.2 km W of  Yécora on Mex 16, 28.36184916N, 108.961472, 1720 m alt., 1 Jun 1999, A.L. Reina et al. 99-160 (TEX)  .   USA. Arizona: Graham County, Hospital Flat,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Pinaleno Mountains</a>
                 , 32.6651°N, 109.877°W, 700 m alt, 7 Sep 1980, C.E. Jenkins and G. Yatskievych 3120 (ASU). California:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">San Diego County</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Cuyamaca Rancho State Park</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Cuyamaca Peak</a>
                 , 1 mi E of highway 79, beside  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Fern Flat Fire Road</a>
                 (unpaved), 0.5 mi SE of intersection with  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Lookout Fire Road</a>
                 and 0.8 air mile ENE of summit, 32.9487°N, 116.5935°W, 1586 m alt., 18 Sep 2008, L. Hendrickson 3272 (SD). New Mexico.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Socorro County</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Bosque del Apache</a>
                 refuge,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">San Antonio</a>
                 , [33.917844°N, 106.865859°W], 651 m, 7 Dec 1940, L. Lee s.n. (UNM). Texas:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Brewster County</a>
                 , along creek from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Boot Springs</a>
                 toward  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Boot</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.2658/lat 29.272446)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.272446">Chisos Mountains</a>
                 , [29.2724465°N, 103.2657998°W], 2065 m alt., 26 Aug 1937, B.H. Warnock 1039 (MICH). See Suppl. materials 2, 3 for additional examined specimens  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CDB60DBFB8F0569BBF0FFB9D88428E73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
5300DB20A08C5F46ABBBD91C856B98D5.text	5300DB20A08C5F46ABBBD91C856B98D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Prelim. Cat. 68. 1888.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 8.  Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns &amp; Poggenb., Prelim. Cat. 68. 1888.</p>
            <p>Figs 4H, 5H, 19</p>
            <p> = Cornucopiae hyemalis Walter, Fl. Carol. 73. 1788.  Agrostis canina L. var. hyemalis (Walter) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 338. 1898.  Agrestis hyemalis (Walter) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 216. 1915. Type: USA. South Carolina: Charleston, sandy open ground near Navy Yard, 27 Apr 1912, B.L. Robinson 97 (neotype, designated by Ward (2007: 1099): GH (GH00247993 [image!]): isoneotypes: BH, US (US00955689 [image!])).* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Based on  Cornucopiae hyemalis Walter. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 15-90 cm long, erect, sometimes shortly decumbent at the base, nodes (2-)3-7, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; sheaths 5-11 cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 1-7 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices rounded to truncate, erose, sometimes acute, often lacerate; blades 3-10(-15) cm long, 1-2(-3) mm wide, linear, flat, often becoming involute when dry, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles 10-30 cm long, (1.5-)4-25(-30) cm wide, open, lax, ovate, exserted from the upper sheaths, sometimes partially included; branches spreading, sometimes ascending, rebranching in the upper third, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, spikelets clustered at the tips, inferior branches up to 15 cm long; pedicels (0.1-)0.5-2(-3.5) mm long, appressed, scaberulous. Spikelets 1-2(-2.5) mm long, greenish to purplish; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, sometimes also on the body, lower glume 1-2(-2.3) mm long, upper glume 0.8-1.9(-2.2) mm long; callus pubescent, with two bunches of trichomes; lemmas 0.8-1.3(-1.4) mm long, elliptic, apices entire, acute to obtuse, sometimes truncate, 5-nerved, veins inconspicuous or prominent, unawned; paleas absent or up to 0.2 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.2-0.5 mm long. Caryopsis 0.6-1.2 mm long, elliptic; endosperm soft. 2n= 28 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows medium-sized, wide; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial sclerenchyma absent or in girders, narrowing towards the bundle, adaxial sclerenchyma absent or in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 15I-K). Lemmas with transversal thickenings oblong, wider than the unthickened portions of the wall; prickle hairs abundant to scarce (Fig. 7H).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis hyemalis is distributed from Ontario province in Canada to central Mexico, and is also present in the West Indies and Ecuador (Harvey 2007). The records of this species in western North America could represent the confusion with  A. scabra (see note below). It has also been reported from  Perú (Soreng and Peterson 2003). In the study zone, this species has been collected in southern Arizona and Texas, USA, and in the Mexican states of Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco,  México ,  Michoacán , Puebla,  Querétaro , San Luis  Potosí and Sonora (Fig. 18B). It has also been reported from the Mexico City and the states of Colima, Guanajuato, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala and Veracruz (  Villaseñor 2016), but no specimens from these states were found.  Agrostis hyemalis grows in open areas of temperate forests, with  Abies ,  Juniperus ,  Pinus or  Quercus , cloud forests, rocky areas of grasslands and stream edges, between 14-2710 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9K). The Texan populations of this species grow in lower elevations than the Mexican ones. </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from January to November, but most of the records are from May (Fig. 10K).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p>It has been reported for other regions that the panicles can reach 36 cm long (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p> Agrostis hyemalis is often confused with  A. elliottiana (see the note under the description of that species). It is also similar to  A. scabra , in the panicle branches rebranching in the upper third and somewhat clustered spikelets, and also shares several leaf blade anatomy features.  Agrostis hyemalis differs from the latter in the culms with usually more than three nodes, basal and cauline leaves, more clustered and shorter spikelets, of 1-2(-2.5) mm long, and smaller anthers of 0.2-0.5 mm long (vs. culms with usually 1-2(-3) nodes, usually mostly basal leaves, spikelets of 2-3(-3.4) mm long, anthers 0.5-1.4 mm long in  A. scabra ). The identification of these two species is especially difficult if the plants are not collected with the basal parts. </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis hyemalis is a widespread species in the study zone. It is represented by 86 collections, with several populations occurring in 15 protected areas. The EOO is 1,491,700 km2 and the AOO is 248 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Aguascalientes: Municipio Calvillo, margen Presa Los Adobes, 21.805°N, 102.6886111°W, 1960 m alt., 29 Mar 2010, F.  Macías 5 (FCME, IEB, INEGI, MEXU [*], UAMIZ). Baja California: Municipio Ensenada, Los Llanitos, [30.96666667°N, 115.4333333°W], 2550 m alt., 17 Aug 1967, R. Moran and R.F. Thorne 14267 (MEXU). Baja California Sur: Municipio La Paz, Sierra de la Laguna, arroyo la Boquilla, [23.53333°N, 109.9°W], 1850 m alt., 2 Jun 1995, M.  Domínguez 1009 (SD [*]). Chihuahua: Municipio Chihuahua, rancho El  Peñasco , km 150 carretera Chihuahua-Ciudad  Juárez , [29.875°N, 106.375°W], 750 m alt., 9 Aug 1979, M.E. Siqueiros 340 (MEXU [*]). Municipio  Chínipas , rancho Byerly, Sierra Charuco, [27.581389°N, 108.696111°W], 1767 m, Apr 1948, H.S. Gentry 8027 (MEXU, US). Coahuila: Municipio Ocampo, Madera del Carmen, 0.5 mi from Campo Uno, up the road towards the summit, 28.99611111°N, 102.6113889°W, 2355 m alt., 22 Sep 2007, P.M. Peterson et al. 21016 (CAN, MEXU [*, **], US); Durango: Municipio Durango, predio Las Bayas (UJED), arroyo San Rafael, 23.44416667°N, 105.8775°W, 2710 m alt., 8 Aug 1990, A.  García and M.  González 610 (CIIDIR). Municipio Suchil, arroyo El Toboso, potrero Jacales, San Juan de Michis, [23.432778°N, 104.132778°W], 2220 m alt., 3 Jan 1986, J. Alvarado 711 (CIIDIR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU [*], UAMIZ). Hidalgo: Municipio Huasca de Ocampo, 0.5 km al W de  Bermúdez , sobre el camino de  terracería que conduce de  Bermúdez a Huasca de Ocampo, [20.1975°N, 98.58861111°W], 2230 m alt., 21 Jul 1994, M. Osorio 27 (MEXU). Jalisco: Municipio Gudalajara,  periférico de Guadalajara, cercano al auditorio Benito  Juárez , [20.72784467°N, 103.3330636°W], 1540 m alt., 13 Nov 1975, C.  García 238 (IBUG).  México : Municipio  Cuautitlán , alrededores de  Cuautitlán , [19.65834784°N, 99.22657358°W], 2250 m alt., 5 Jun 1982, J. Rzedowski 37841 (CIIDIR, IEB, INEGI, MEXU [*], XAL). Municipio San  Simón de Guerrero: 3 km sobre la  desviación a San  Simón de Guerrero, por la carretera Temascaltepec-Tejupilco, [19.01841341°N, 100.0282873°W], 1974 m alt., 15 Mar 1983, E. Manrique et al. 207 (MEXU [*]).  Michoacán : Municipio Charo: cerca de Pontezuela, 25 km al E de Morelia, sobre la carretera a Mil Cumbres, [19.65730833°N, 100.9891889°W], 2200 m alt., 29 Jan 1987, J. Rzedowski 42417 (CHAPA, CIIDIR, ENCB, FCME, IBUG, IEB, MEXU); El Salto de Agua, 2300 m alt., 1 Feb 1994, J.A. Torres 34 (MEXU [*,**]). Puebla: Municipio Honey, 1 km al E de Ocahuales, carretera a  Pahuatlán , [20.28333333°N, 98.2°W], 1880 m alt., 4 May 1989, P. Tenorio 15742 (IEB, MEXU, NY, TEX).  Querétaro : Municipio Landa, 5 km al S de El Lobo, sobre el camino a Agua Zarca, [21.26118889°N, 99.11667778°W], 1500 m alt., 21 Feb 1987, J. Rzedowski 42572 (IEB). San Luis  Potosí : Municipio San Luis  Potosí ,  Cañada de Lobos, Sierra de San Miguelito, 5 km al S de la ciudad de San Luis  Potosí , [22.09433995°N, 100.9645498°W], 1900 m alt., 1968, F. Takaki 2170 (MEXU). Sonora: without municipality, Sonora, 24 Jun 1855, A. Schott s.n. (F). Zacatecas: Municipio Guadalupe, ladera N del cerro de la Virgen, 215 m, 10 Aug 1988, J. Balleza 1580 (CHAPA). USA. Arizona: Pima County, Forest Cabin, Baboquivari Mountains, [31.7897°N, 111.586°W], 2091 m alt., 14 May 1941, C. Goodding 105-41 (ASU). Texas: Hidalgo County, ca. 1.3 airmiles SW of junction of Hidalgo, Kennedy and Willacy Counties, Hunke Ranc, La Sal Vieja Quadrangle, 26.59958°N, 97.97172°W, 14 m alt., 16 Mar 2004, W.R. Carr and M. Pons 22785 (TEX). Jeff Davis County, NW flank of Mount Livermore, ca. 0.3 mi ESE of Madrea Tank, ca. 0.7 mi, NNW of summit of Baldy Peak, 30.64722°N, 104.17833°W, 1890 m alt., 11 Aug 2000, W.R. Carr 19093 (TEX [*]). See Suppl. materials 2, 3 for additional examined specimens. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5300DB20A08C5F46ABBBD91C856B98D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
8094F473833558A886386950C47041A8.text	8094F473833558A886386950C47041A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis idahoensis Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24 (1): 42 – 43. 1897.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 9.  Agrostis idahoensis Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24(1): 42-43. 1897.</p>
            <p>Fig. 20</p>
            <p> = Agrostis tenuis Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 10(2): 21. 1883, nom. illeg. hom., non Sibth., 1794.  Agrostis tenuiculmis Nash, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 32. 1900. Type: USA. California: San Bernardino County, on the San Bernardino Mountains, Aug 1881 or 1882, S.B. Parish and W.F. Parish 1085 (holotype: US (US00131119 [image!]). </p>
            <p> = Agrostis filiculmis M.E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 14: 13. 1912. Type: USA. Arizona: Little De Motte Park on the Kaibab in N Arizona, 19 Sep 1894, M.E. Jones 6056bb (holotype: RSA (RSA0000394 [image!]).* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  USA. Idaho: Nez Perce County,  Forest , 1160 m alt., 1 Jul 1896, A.A. Heller and E.G. Heller 3431 (holotype: NY (NY00327633 [image!]); isotypes: BAA (BAA00001339 [image!]), CAS (CAS0000194 [image!]), DAO (DAO000465362 [image!]), ID (ID00157714 [image!]), JE (JE00020223[image!]), K (K000838198 [image!]), LE (LE00009307 [image!]), MO (MO-123094 [image!]), MIN (MIN1000077 [image!]), MSC (MSC0129856 [image!]), NDG (NDG07456 [image!]), NY (NY00327634 [image!]), P (P00740552 [image!], P00740553 [image!]), S (SG-259 [image!])  , US (US 00131762 [image!]). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 8-40 cm long, erect, nodes 2-5, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly basal; sheaths 5-11 cm long, the lower ones usually shorter larger than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules (0.7-)1-2(-4) mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices rounded to truncate, erose to lacerate; blades 1-7 cm long, 0.5-2 mm wide, linear, flat, often becoming involute when dry, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles 3-13 cm long, 1-6(-8) cm wide, open, lax, lanceolate to ovate, exserted from the upper sheaths; branches ascending, sometimes spreading, rebranching about or slightly above mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches 1-4 cm long; pedicels 0.5-6.5 mm long, ascending to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets 1.5-2.5 mm long, purplish; glumes subequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.5-2.5 mm long, upper glume 1.4-2.4 mm long, sometimes glabrous; callus puberulous; lemmas 1.2-2.2 mm long, elliptic, apices entire, acute to obtuse, 5-nerved, veins inconspicuous, unawned; paleas absent or up to 0.2 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.3-0.6 mm long. Caryopsis 1-1.3 mm long, elliptic; endosperm soft. 2n= 28 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Not seen.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis idahoensis is distributed from Alaska to California and New Mexico (Harvey 2007). It is also present in Chile and Argentina (  Rúgolo and Molina 1997). In the study zone, this species has been collected in southern Arizona and California (Fig. 18C). It grows in stream edges of temperate forests, with  Abies ,  Arctostaphylos ,  Picea or  Pinus , between 3084-3121 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9L). There are more records of this species in the study zone, on databases (GBIF 2023b), but not all of them have images, and thus we were unable to confirm their identity. </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected in July and August (Fig. 10L).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> Agrostis idahoensis is similar to  A. perennans sensu lato. It differs from it in the mostly basal leaves, persistent, with leaf blades 0.5-2 mm wide (vs. basal and cauline leaves, the basal ones often drying before anthesis, with leaf blades often more than 2 mm wide in  A. perennans ). It is also similar to  A. scabra , from which it differs in the branches of the panicle rebranching about or slightly above mid-length, and spikelets not clustered at the branch tips (vs. branches rebranching in the upper third, spikelets somewhat clustered in  A. scabra ).  Agrostis idahoensis is scarcely different from  A. turrialbae , distributed from central Mexico to Central America. The former differs in flatter and wider leaf blades, 0.5-2 mm wide (vs. conduplicate or involute leaf blades, 0.3-0.5 mm wide in  A. turrialbae ). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Herbarium specimens from only two localities in the United States were examined, whereby the EOO and AOO cannot be calculated. The category of Deficient Data (DD) is suggested.</p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  USA. Arizona: Graham County, High Peak Cienega,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.86755/lat 32.69386)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.86755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.69386">Pinaleno Mountains</a>
                 , 32.693861°N, 109.867556°W, 3121 m alt., 9 Aug 2014, M. Licher 4524 (ASC)  .   California: San Bernardino County, San Bernardino National Forest, San Gorgonio Wilderness area,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.86665/lat 34.12471)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.86665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.12471">High Meadow Springs</a>
                 in the upper watershed of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.86665/lat 34.12471)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.86665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.12471">Mill Creek</a>
                 , approximately 0.75 air miles west northwest of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.86665/lat 34.12471)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.86665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.12471">Dollar Lake</a>
                 , 34.12471°N, 116.86665°W, 3084 m alt., 21 Jul 2016, D.S. Bell and A. Chambers 9968 (RSA)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8094F473833558A886386950C47041A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
F6522B12AEEF5BDBB388C30FFF4A3C72.text	F6522B12AEEF5BDBB388C30FFF4A3C72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753, nom. et typ. cons.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Agrostis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753, nom. et typ. cons.</p>
            <p> = Vilfa Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 495. 1763. Type:  Agrostis. stolonifera L. (lectotype designated by Hitchcock (1920: 127)). </p>
            <p> = Trichodium Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 41. 1803. Type:  T. laxiflorum Michx. (lectotype designated by Hitchcock (1920: 127)). </p>
            <p> = Agraulus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 5, t. 4. 1812. Type:  Agrostis canina L. (lectotype designated by Hitchcock (1920: 127)). </p>
            <p> = Decandolia Bastard, Essai Fl. Maine et Loire 15, 28. 1809, nom. illeg. superfl. Type:  Agrostis stolonifera L. (lectotype designated by Hitchcock (1937: 515)). </p>
            <p> = Notonema Raf., Bull. Bot. (Geneva) 1: 220. 1830. Type:  Agrostis arachnoides Elliott (=  A. elliotiana Schult.). </p>
            <p> = Bromidium Nees &amp; Meyen, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, suppl. 1: 154. 1843. Type:  Agrostis hygrometrica Nees (lectotype designted by  Rúgolo 1982: 196)). </p>
            <p> = Anomalotis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 198. 1854. Type:  A. quinqueseta Steud. </p>
            <p> = Didymochaeta Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 185. 1854. Type:  D. chilensis Steud. (lectotype designated by Clayton and Renvoize (1986: 134)). </p>
            <p> = Chaetopogon Janch., Eur. Gatt. Farn. Bl.-Pfl. (ed. 2) 33. 1913. Type: not designated. </p>
            <p> = Neoschischkinia Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow &amp; Leningrad) 53: 309. 1968. Type:  Trichodium elegans Thore. </p>
            <p> = Linkagrostis Romero Garcia &amp; C. Morales, Candollea 42(1): 383. 1987. Type:  Agrostis juressi Link.* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Agrostis canina L. (lectotype designated by  Widén (1971: 13), see also Philipson (1937), Jarvis (1992) and commentary below). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants herbaceous, annuals or perennials, up to 1.2 m, caespitose, rhizomatous or stoloniferous, sometimes developing pseudoestolons. Tillers extravaginal and/or intravaginal. Culms decumbent to erect, usually slender, unbranched, internodes hollow. Leaves basal or cauline; sheaths open; auricles absent; ligules membranous, entire to lacerate, usually scabridulous dorsally; blades filiform to linear, flat, conduplicate, convolute, or involute. Synflorescence a panicle, usually terminal, contracted to open; branches usually in whorls. Spikelets up to 4.5 mm long, 1-flowered, pedicellate, laterally compressed; rachilla not prolonged beyond the base of the floret; disarticulation above the glumes; glumes as long as the spikelet, equal to unequal, keeled, membranous, usually 1-nerved, rarely awned; floret bisexual, shorter than the glumes, usually 1/3-3/4 the length of the glumes, rarely longer; callus rounded, glabrous to pubescent; lemmas rounded dorsally, apices entire, erose or toothed, membranous, (3)5-nerved, veins inconspicuous or prominent, unawned or awned dorsally, awn straight to geniculate; paleas often absent or diminute, sometimes well-developed and reaching (1/5-)1/3-3/4 of the lemma length; lodicules 2; anthers (1)3; ovary glabrous, styles 2, free to the base. Fruit a caryopsis; endosperm liquid, soft or solid. x= 7.</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> The name  Agrostis was first described in the work of Linnaeus, Genera Plantarum (Linnaeus 1737: 19), with a Latin diagnosis. According to the International Code of Nomenclature for  Algae ,  Fungi and Plants (Art. 13.1) (Turland et al. 2018), the beginning of effective publication dates for generic names is 1st May 1753, with the publication of Species Plantarum (Linnaeus 1753). In this latter work, Linnaeus described 12 names, classified in two groups: 1) Aristatae (  A. spica-venti L.,  A. miliacea L.,  A. arundinacea L.,  A. rubra L.,  A. canina L.,  A. paradoxa L.); and 2) Muticae (  A. stolonifera L.,  A. capillaris L.,  A. alba L.,  A. minima L.,  A. virginica L.,  A. indica L.). No type species was designated by Linnaeus. </p>
            <p> Hitchcock (1905) designated  A. alba as the type, but the original material of this name is a  Poa L. species (  Widén , 1971), and the adoption of this name as lectotype would result in  Agrostis becoming a synonym of  Poa (McNeill et al. 1987). Years later, Hitchcock (1920), proposed  A. stolonifera as lectotype, but this name conflicts with the original description of the genus, since it mentions that the lemmas are awned (Linnaeus 1737), and the original description of  A. stolonifera mentions that the lemmas are unawned (Linnaeus 1753). </p>
            <p> Philipson (1937) was the first to propose as lectotype the name  A. canina .  Widén (1971) agreed with that choice, and formally designated this name, since it is the one that keeps better the usage of the generic name. Jarvis (1992) proposed the conservation of the name  Agrostis , with a conserved type. </p>
            <p> The species of this genus are often confused with other genera found in the study zone, with one-flowered spikelets, such as  Lachnagrostis Trin.,  Muhlenbergia Scherb.,  Podagrostis (Griseb.) Scribn. &amp; Merr.,  Polypogon Desf.,  Sporobolus R. Br., and some species of  Peyritschia E. Fourn., but it is distinguished from them by the following combination of characters: spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, florets shorter than the glumes, usually 1/3-3/4 the length of the glumes, rarely longer, lemmas with usually five veins, dorsal awns often present, palea often reduced or absent (sometimes reaching up to 3/4 of the lemma length), and rachilla not prolonged. See the work of Sylvester et al. (2020b) for a key to differentiate  Agrostis from morphologically similar genera. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F6522B12AEEF5BDBB388C30FFF4A3C72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
B98EFC92F89A591DA1D8E1D9D7C57F94.text	B98EFC92F89A591DA1D8E1D9D7C57F94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis laxissima Swallen, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 29 (9): 402. 1950.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 10.  Agrostis laxissima Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29(9): 402. 1950.</p>
            <p>Figs 4I, 5I, 21</p>
            <p> = Agrostis abietorum Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29(9): 403. 1950. Type: Guatemala. San Marcos: dry banks in  Cupressus -  Abies forest, along road between San Sebastian at km 21 and km 8, 8-18 miles NW of San Marcos, 2700-3800 m alt., 15 Feb 1940, J.A. Steyermark 35652 (holotype: F (F0046562F [image!]); isotype: US [fragm. ex F] (US00156356)). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Guatemala.   San Marcos: dense  Abies -  Cupressus forest, along road between San Marcos and Serchil, 2700-3150 m alt., 30 Jan 1941, P.C. Standley 85379 (holotype: US (US 00131078); isotypes: F (V0046566F [image!]), US (US 00131079))  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 25-85 cm long, decumbent to erect, nodes 2-6, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; sheaths 4-15 cm, shorter than the internodes, scaberulous; ligules 2.5-6 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices acute, often lacerate; blades 4-15(-25) cm long, 1-4 mm wide, lax, flat, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles 7-18 cm long, 2-9 cm wide, open, lax, lanceolate to ovate, sometimes partially included in the upper sheaths; branches ascending to spreading, rebranching about or above mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches 2-7 cm long; pedicels 1.5-6 mm long, ascending to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets 1.7-3 mm long, greenish; glumes subequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.7-3 mm long, upper glume 1.5-2.8 mm long; callus pubescent, with two bunches of trichomes; lemmas 1.3-2.2 mm long, elliptic, apices irregularly toothed, 5-nerved, veins inconspicuous, awned from near the base, awn 3-4 mm long, geniculate; paleas absent or up to 0.4 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.7-1 mm long. Caryopsis not seen. 2n= unknown.</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows medium-sized, wide; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle, adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle, adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma present, abaxial; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, extending along abaxial side of the leaf; colorless cells absent (Fig. 22A-C). Lemmas with transversal thickenings irregular to oblong, wider than the unthickened portions of the wall; prickle hairs abundant (Fig. 7I).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Endemic.  Agrostis laxissima is distributed from Southern Mexico to Guatemala (Pohl and Davidse 1994). It has also been reported in Honduras (Soreng and Peterson 2003). This species has been collected from the Mexican state of Chiapas, and the departments of Quezaltenango,  Sacatepéquez , San Marcos and Solola in Guatemala (Fig. 18D).  Agrostis laxissima grows in temperate forests, with  Abies ,  Pinus , or  Quercus , in cloud forests and grasslands, between 2250-3200 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9M). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from June to March, but most of the records are from December and January (Fig. 10M).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> Agrostis laxissima is often confused with  A. ghiesbreghtii (see the note under the description of that species). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis laxissima is only known from a few localities of southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is represented by 17 collections, with several populations occurring in six protected areas. The EOO is 2,615 km2 and the AOO is 44 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Vulnerable (VU). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Guatemala. Quezaltenango: Municipio San Juan Ostuncalco, barranco Buena Vista, cuesta El Caracol,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.66847/lat 14.908864)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.66847&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.908864">Sierra Madre Mountains</a>
                 , about 5 km. northwest of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.66847/lat 14.908864)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.66847&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.908864">San Juan Ostuncalco</a>
                 , [14.90886385°N, 91.66847343°W], 2800-2900 m alt., 11 Dec 1962, O. Williams et al. 22792 (F, US)  .   Municipio San  Martín Sacatepéquez , cumbre de  Tuilacán , SW of San  Martín Chile Verde, [14.80612°N, 91.66872°W], 2400 m alt., 8 Mar 1939, P.C. Standley 67819 (F).  Sacatepéquez :   Municipio Alotenango,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.87175/lat 14.499453)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.87175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.499453">Volcan
de Acatenango
</a>
                 , [14.499453°N, 90.87175°W], 3200 m alt., 11 Sep 1993, I. Arias and M.  Véliz 933265a (MEXU [*]), 18 Aug 2000, M.  Véliz et al. 10263 (MEXU [*, **])  .   Mexico: Chiapas: Municipio Motozintla, NW slope of cerro Mozotlan, below the microwave tower along the road from Huixtla to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.427246/lat 15.431047)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.427246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.431047">El Porvenir</a>
                 and  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.427246/lat 15.431047)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.427246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.431047">Siltepec</a>
                 , [15.42605394°N, 92.34362676°W], 3000 m alt., 30 Dec 1972, D.E. Breedlove 31163 (MEXU [*, **]); 27 km al NO de Motozintla, camino a Coadesmech, torre de microondas, [15.43104735°N, 92.42724341°W], 3030 m alt., 21 Oct 1985, P.  Dávila et al. 181 (MEXU [*]). See the Suppl. material 2 for additional examined specimens  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B98EFC92F89A591DA1D8E1D9D7C57F94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
55C6AA58C2D750FD8B19C8A517CFCE9A.text	55C6AA58C2D750FD8B19C8A517CFCE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis microphylla Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 164. 1854.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 11.  Agrostis microphylla Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 164. 1854.</p>
            <p>Figs 4J, 5J, 23</p>
            <p> Agraulus brevifolius Nees ex Torr., Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4: 154. 1857, nom. inval., pro syn. </p>
            <p> Agrostis virescens Kunth var. microphylla (Steud.) Scribn., Circ. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 30: 2. 1901. </p>
            <p> Agrostis exarata Trin. var. microphylla (Steud.) Hitchc., Amer. J. Bot. 2: 303. 1915. </p>
            <p> = Agrostis microphylla Steud. var. intermedia Beetle, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72(6): 547. 1945. Type. USA. California: Lake County, 2.9 miles north of Middletown, 11 May 1943, J.T. Howell 18063 (holotype: AHUC (AHUC9939 [image!]); isotype: CAS (CAS0000198 [image!])).* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>America septentrionalis, D. Douglas s.n. (not located).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants annual, caespitose. Tillers absent. Culms 4-25 cm long, erect, nodes 1-3, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves usually mostly cauline; sheaths 1.5-8 cm long, longer or shorter than the internodes, glabrous; ligules 1-5 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices acute to truncate, erose, often lacerate; blades 1-8 cm long, 0.5-2.5 mm wide, flat, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles 1-9 cm long, 0.5-1.4 cm wide, contracted, dense, spiciform, linear to lanceolate, sometimes interrupted at the base, sometimes partially included in the upper sheaths; branches appressed, rebranching from below mid-length, scaberulous, with spikelets almost to the base, inferior branches 0.6-2.5 cm long; pedicels 0.3-2.5 mm long, appressed, scaberulous. Spikelets 3-4.5 mm long, greenish to stramineous; glumes unequal, lanceolate, apices long acuminate or awned, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, sometimes also on the body, lower glume 3-4.5 mm long including the awn, upper glume 2.5-4 mm long; callus pubescent, with two bunches of trichomes; lemmas 1.5-2 mm long, elliptic, apices 2(-4) toothed, 5-nerved, veins inconspicuous or prominent distally, awned about mid-length, awn 3.5-6 mm long, inserted 0.8-1 mm above the base, geniculate; paleas absent or up to 0.2 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.4-0.5 mm long. Caryopsis 1-1.5 mm long, elliptic; endosperm soft. 2n= 56 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows shallow, wide; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with small sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 22D-F). Lemmas with transversal thickenings irregular to oblong, wider than the unthickened portions of the wall; prickle hairs scarce to abundant (Fig. 7J).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis microphylla is distributed from British Columbia, Canada, to the northern peninsula of Baja California, Mexico (Harvey 2007). In the study zone, this species has been collected in the Mexican state of Baja California (Fig. 18E), where it grows in stream edges and vernal pools, between 37-315 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9N). It has also been reported from the state of Baja California Sur, but the database record linked to this report has no images (GBIF 2023c), and thus we were unable to confirm its identity. </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from April to June (Fig. 10N).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p>It has been reported for other regions that the culms can reach 45 cm long, panicles up to 12 cm long, spikelets up to 5 mm, and awns up to 8 mm (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p> Agrostis microphylla is one of the few annual  Agrostis species. It is often confused with the smaller forms of  A. exarata , from which it differs in the annual habit, spikelets of 3-4.5 mm long and lemmas with an awn of 3.5-6 mm long (vs. perennial plants, spikelets of 2-2.5 mm, lemmas unawned or with an awn up to 3 mm long in  A. exarata ), as well as the leaf blade anatomy and lemma micromorphology. </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis microphylla is apparently a rare species in the study zone. It is represented by only four collections, with no populations occurring in protected areas. The EOO is 897 km2 and the AOO is 12 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Endangered (EN). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Mexico. Baja California:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.46505/lat 32.11163)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.46505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.11163">Municipio Ensenada</a>
                 , 5 km SSO of Johnson Ranch, N of Cabo Colonet, [31.05833°N, 116.29167°W], 37 m alt., 31 May 1980, R. Moran 28447 (SD), 28643 (MEXU [*,**], SD); Guadeloupe [Guadalupe] ranch, [32.0754°N, 116.6217°W, 315 m alt.], 6 Apr 1886, C.R. Orcutt s.n. (US); arroyo Agua Caliente, [32.11163081°N, 116.4650486°W], 300 m alt., 25 June 1980, R.  Rosiñol 10 (MEXU [*, **])  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/55C6AA58C2D750FD8B19C8A517CFCE9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
9905255EFE665EF18248CB79C264A622.text	9905255EFE665EF18248CB79C264A622.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis pallens Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6,4 (3 – 4): 328. 1841.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 12.  
Agrostis pallens Trin., 
Mem
. Acad. Imp. Sci. 
Saint-Petersbourg
, 
Ser
. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6,4(3-4): 328. 1841.
</p>
            <p>Figs 4K, 5K, 24</p>
            <p> = Agrostis diegoensis Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13: 55. 1886.  Agrostis multiculmis Vasey ex Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 328. 1896, nom. inval., pro syn. Type: USA. California: San Diego, 1884, C. Orcutt s.n. (lectotype, designated by Vigosa-Mercado (2022a: 2): US (US00131740 [image!]); isolectotypes: GH (GH00022962 [image!]), K (K000838209 [image!]), NY (NY00327625 [image!]), OSC (OSC0001812 [image!]), W (W19160036561 [image!])).* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> America borealis, J.D. Hooker 243 (holotype: LE-TRIN (LE-TRIN-1634.01); isotype: US [fragm. ex LE-TRIN] (US 00156470 [image!])) . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, rhizomatous. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Rhizomes up to 10 cm long. Culms 10-70 cm long, erect or decumbent at the base, nodes 2-7, glabrous, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly cauline; sheaths 2.5-13 cm long, longer or shorter than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 1-5 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices acute, lacerate; blades 2.5-14 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, flat, involute when drying, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (4-)5-20 cm long, 0.4-3 cm wide, contracted to open, dense to lax, lanceolate to narrow ovate, sometimes spiciform, sometimes partially included in the upper sheaths; branches appressed to ascending, rebranching from about mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches 1.5-3 cm long; pedicels 0.5-4 mm long, appressed to ascending, scaberulous. Spikelets 2-3.5(-4) mm long, greenish to stramineous, sometimes tinged with purple; glumes equal to subequal, lanceolate, apices acute, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, sometimes also on the body, lower gluma 2-3.5(-4) mm long, upper glume 1.8-3.5(-4) mm long; callus pubescent, with two bunches of trichomes, sometimes short and inconspicuous; lemmas 1.5-2.5 mm long, elliptic, apices entire, acute, or toothed, 5-nerved, veins prominent throughout or only distally, unawned, sometimes awned subapically to about mid-length, awn 0.5-1.5(-2.5) mm long, straight; paleas absent or up to 0.2 mm, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.7-1.5 mm long. Caryopsis 1-1.5 mm long, elliptic; endosperm solid. 2n= 42, 56 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows deep, narrow; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial sclerenchyma in strands or girders, narrowing towards the bundle, adaxial sclerenchyma in strands or t-shaped girders; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 22G-I). Lemmas with transversal thickenings polygonal, wider than the unthickened portions of the wall; prickle hairs abundant (Fig. 7K).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis pallens is distributed from British Columbia, Canada, to Baja California, Mexico, and is also present in Montana and Utah (Harvey 2007). In the study zone, this species has been collected in southern California and the Mexican state of Baja California (Fig. 18F). It grows in coastal sands, stream edges, temperate forests with  Pinus or  Quercus , and xeric shrublands, between 40-1635 m a.s.l. (Fig. 9O). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from June to August (Fig. 10O).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p>It has been reported for other regions that panicles can reach 6(-8) cm wide (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p> The Mexican populations of  A. pallens have lemmas with longer awns, up to 2.5 mm long, than those of southern California, but the other characters are congruent with the previous descriptions of this species. The plants of lower elevations have more contracted panicles than those of higher elevations, as noted previously by Harvey (2007). Plants of lower elevations are often confused with  A. exarata , from which they differ in the rhizomatous habit, mostly cauline leaves, and palea absent or up to 0.2 mm long (vs. usually caespitose habit, basal and cauline leaves, palea often present, up to 0.8 mm long in  A. exarata ). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis pallens is apparently a rare species in the study zone. It is represented by 12 collections, with several populations occurring in four protected areas. The EOO is 10,902 km2 and the AOO is 48 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Vulnerable (VU). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Mexico. Baja California: Municipio Ensenada, S bank of arroyo  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.866516/lat 32.016735)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.866516&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.016735">Jatay</a>
                 , 1.5 km from the mouth, [32.01673537°N, 116.8665199°W], 40 m alt., 11 Jun 1980, R. Moran 28770 (MEXU [*,**], SD)  .   USA. California: Riverside County, at Idyllwild, in  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.71529/lat 33.746536)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.71529&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.746536">San Jacinto Mountains</a>
                 , [33.746537°N, 116.715288°W], 1635, m alt. 14 Aug 1971, P.C. Baker 7110 (LOB)  .   San Diego County, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, 0.4 mile NE of intersection of state highway 79 and Stonewall Mine Road, ca. 100 m NE of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.571/lat 32.9745)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.571&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.9745">Los Caballos</a>
                 equestrian campground and 20 m south of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.571/lat 32.9745)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.571&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.9745">Stonewall Mine Road</a>
                 , in north-treading drainage, 32.9745°N, 116.571°W, 1440 m alt., 26 Jun 2005, L. Hendrickson 1099 (SD [*, **]). See Suppl. materials 2, 3 for additional examined specimens  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9905255EFE665EF18248CB79C264A622	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
E79B5134C7A6581E8083E4C690E01C49.text	E79B5134C7A6581E8083E4C690E01C49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis perennans (Walter) (Walter) Tuck., Amer. J. Sci. Arts 45: 44. 1843, sensu lato.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 13.  Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuck., Amer. J. Sci. Arts 45: 44. 1843, sensu lato.</p>
            <p>Figs 4L, 5L, 25</p>
            <p> Cornucopiae perennans Walter, Fl. Carol. 74. 1788. Type: USA. South Carolina: at the intersection of cut off road and Fire Break 49 on Ft. Jackson Military Reservation, 11 Jul 1995, K.B. Kelly and J.B. Nelson 254 (neotype, designated by Ward (2007: 1099): GH (GH00247994 [image!])). </p>
            <p> Agrostis cornucopiae Sm., Gent. Mag. 59: 873. 1789, nom. illeg. superfl. </p>
            <p> Agrostis elegans (Walter) Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 25. 1796. </p>
            <p> Agrostis anomala Willd., Sp. Pl., 1(1): 370. 1797, nom. illeg. superfl. </p>
            <p> Trichodium perennans (Walter) Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1(2): 99. 1816. </p>
            <p> = Agrostis michauxii Zuccagni var. alpina Rupr., Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 52: 228. 1842, nom. nud. Type. Mexico. Oaxaca. Cordillera, 1840, H.G. Galeotii 5767 (holotype: P (P00740583 [image!]). </p>
            <p> Agrostis scabra Willd. var. perennans (Walter) Alph. Wood, Class Book Bot. (3 ed.) 774. 1861. </p>
            <p> = Agrostis schaffneri E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 94. 1886.  Agrostis schaffneri E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 551. 1885, nom. nud. Type. MEXICO. Mexico City: Tacubaya, J.G. Schaffner 308 (lectotype, designated by Vigosa-Mercado (2022a: 3): P (P00740418 [image!]). </p>
            <p> = Agrostis schaffneri E. Fourn. var. mutica E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 94. 1886. Type. MEXICO. Mexico City: Tacubaya: J.G. Schaffner 1 (holotype: P (P00740419 [image!]). </p>
            <p> = Agrostis tacubayensis E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 95. 1886.  Agrostis tacubayensis E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 551. 1885, nom. nud. Type. MEXICO. Mexico City: Tacubaya, J.G. Schaffner 97 (holotype: P (P00740425 [image!])). </p>
            <p> = Agrostis chinantlae E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 96. 1886.  Agrostis chinantlae E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 550. 1885, nom nud. Type. MEXICO. Veracruz: Chinantla, May 1841, F.M. Liebmann 709 (lectotype, designated by Vigosa-Mercado (2022a: 2): C (C10016725 [image!]); isolectotypes: C (C10016726 [image!]), K (K000308372 [image!]), US (US00131733).* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Based on  Cornucopiae perennans Walter. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose, sometimes developing short pseudostolons. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 0.2-0.8(-1) m long, decumbent to erect, nodes 3-7(-10), glabrous, internodes glabrous, sometimes scaberulous. Leaves basal and cauline, the basal ones often drying at anthesis in mature individuals; sheaths 2-20 cm long, shorter or longer than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules (0.5-)1.5-5(-7) mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, rarely glabrous, apices acute to truncate, erose to lacerate, often ciliolate; blades 1-20 cm long, 1-6 mm wide, usually at least some blades larger than 2 mm wide, linear, usually flat, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (3.5-)8-30(-40) cm long, (1-)2-20 cm wide, slightly contracted to open, dense to lax, lanceolate to ovate, long-exserted from the upper sheaths or partially included; branches ascending to spreading, rebranching slightly above mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches 4-12 cm long; pedicels 1-10 mm long, ascending to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets (1.5-)1.8-3.2 mm long, greenish to purplish; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume (1.5-)1.8-3.2 mm long, upper glume 1.5-3.2 mm long; callus pubescent, with 2 bunches of trichomes; lemmas 1.3-2.2 mm long, elliptic, apices acute, entire to irregularly toothed, 5-nerved, veins inconspicuous to prominent, unawned, rarely awned from above mid-length, awn up to 1.5(-2) mm long, inserted above mid-length, straight or weakly geniculate; paleas absent or up to 0.2(-0.5) mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.4-1 mm long. Caryopsis 1-1.9 mm long, elliptic: endosperm liquid to soft. 2n= 42 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows shallow to deep, wide; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, sometimes also adaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands or girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, pointed to rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 22J-L). Lemmas with transversal thickenings oblong, wider than the unthickened portion of the wall; prickle hairs absent, or abundant to scarce (Fig. 7L).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis perennans sensu lato is distributed from Alaska to Patagonia, in Argentina and Chile, and also in the West Indies (Sylvester et al. 2020a). In the study zone, this species has been collected in Mexico City and the Mexican states of Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco,  México ,  Michoacán , Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla,  Querétaro , Tlaxcala, Veracruz, and Zacatecas; in the Guatemalan departments of Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Huehuetenango, Quetzaltenango,  Quiché and San Marcos; in the Honduran state of Ocotepeque (Fig. 26A). It has also been reported from the Mexican states of Coahuila and San Luis  Potosí (  Dávila et al. 2018;  Sánchez-Ken 2019), but no specimen from these states have been found. Records from the southern USA, in California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, appear to be misidentified specimens of  A. scabra (Harvey 2007). This species grows in open areas of temperate forests, with conifers and  Quercus , in cloud forests, stream edges, roadsides, and often in marshy places, between 622-3847 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27A). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected year round, but most of them between the months of July and October (Fig. 28A).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> Agrostis perennans is a widespread and variable species. It is considered a  “dustbin” taxon (Sylvester et al. 2020a), which includes plants with basal and cauline leaves, usually flat leaf blades, more or less open panicles, usually unawned lemmas, and absent or minute paleas. More studies are necessary to clarify the relationships of the plants that have been included under this name, thus a wide circumscription of this species is adopted in this work. </p>
            <p> Plants examined from the study zone fit well in  A. perennans sensu lato, but at least three forms were observed: 1) fragile plants with open panicles; 2) more robust plants with open panicles; 3) robust plants with slightly contracted, denser panicles, and sometimes awned lemmas. The plants of the latter form have been called  A. schaffneri , but despite the form of the panicles, no differences have been found in other characters, such as leaf anatomy and lemma micromorphology thus, this name is considered a synonym of  A. perennans sensu lato. </p>
            <p> Young plants of  A. perennans sensu lato often have more conspicuous basal leaves and are confused with  A. scabra , but differ from it in the leaf blades often greater than 2 mm wide, branches rebranching slightly above mid-length, and spikelets not clustered (vs. leaf blades up to 2(-3) mm wide, branches of the panicle usually rebranching in the upper third, with the spikelets usually clustered at the tips in  A. scabra ). </p>
            <p> Agrostis perennans sensu lato is often confused with several species distributed in the study zone, which share several macromorphological, leaf blade anatomy, and lemma micromorphology characters. These species are  A. bourgaei ,  A. calderoniae ,  A. ghiesbreghtii ,  A. hyemalis ,  A. laxissima ,  A. idahoensis ,  A. perennans ,  A. scabra ,  A. subrepens , and  A. turrialbae . In the identification key provided in this work, a reasonably good separation of the mentioned species was reached using a combination of characters. </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis perenanns is a common and widespread species in the study zone. It is represented by 229 collections, with several populations occurring in 18 protected areas. The EOO is 992,915 km2 and the AOO is 700 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Guatemala. Alta Verapaz: Municipio  Cobán ,  Chicu’sha , 8 km al SO de  Cobán , [15.43333333°N, 90.45°W], 1400 m alt., 22 Jul 1988, P. Tenorio 14646 (CIIDIR, MEXU [*]). Baja Verapaz: Municipio  Salamá , 6 km al SO de  Chilascó , [15.13333333°N, 90.11666667°W], 1700 m alt., 24 Jul 1988, P. Tenorio 14842 (CIIDIR, MEXU [*], US). Honduras. Ocotepeque: Municipio  Belén de Gualcho, cordillera de Celaque, Cruz Alta, 3 mi N of  Belén Gualcho long road to Cucuyagua [14.50722222°N, 88.785°W], 1890 m alt., 23 Jun 1994, G. Davidse et al. 35319 (MEXU). Mexico. Chiapas: Municipio Amatenango del Valle, NE slope of Zontehuitz near summit, [16.49659°N, 92.45225°W], 2130 m alt., Jan 1965, D.E. Breedlove and P.H. Raven 8119 (US). Municipio  Unión Juárez ,  Volcán Tacaná , 500 m al E de  Talquián , [15.09306218°N, 92.08369755°W], 1700 m alt., 26 Apr 1987, E.  Martínez and A. Reyes 20291 (MEXU [*]). Chihuahua: Municipio Casas Grandes, near Colonia Garcia in the Sierra Madres, [29.97622543°N, 108.3352935°W], 2286 m alt., 22 Aug 1899, C.H.T. Townsend and C.M. Barber 276 (US). Durango: Municipio Durango, 5 mi W of Llano Grande along  Durango-Mazatlán highway, [23.86°N, 105.25°W], 2500 m alt., 9 Sep 1967, J.R. Reeder and C.G. Reeder 4908 (MEXU, US). Guanajuato: Municipio San Felipe, club campestre El Vergel de la Sierra, [21.38504722°N, 101.6354389°W], 2627 m alt., 14 Jul 1997, J.  Macías 898a (MEXU). Guerrero: Municipio General Heliodoro Castillo, cerro Teotepec, [17.46666667°N, 100.2166667°W], 3350 m alt., 5 Dec 1963, J. Rzedowski 18168 (ENCB). Hidalgo: Municipio  Omitlán de  Juárez , Santa Elena, km 15 de la carretera federal 105 Pachuca-Huejutla, [20.15722222°N, 98.65833333°W], 2640 m alt., 14 Jul 1994, J.P.  Pérez 141 (MEXU [*]). Municipio Tepeapulco, cerro Santa Ana, [19.764°N, 98.5293°W], 2850 m alt., 8 Sep 1976, A. Ventura 2082 (FCME [**], MEXU, UAMIZ, XAL). Jalisco: Municipio San Gabriel, NW slopes of Nevado de Colima, above  Jazmín , barranca near upper end of water-line 2-3 km above settlement of El Isote, [19.65°N, 103.7°W], 2600-2800 m alt., 26 Mar 1949, R. McVaugh 10048 (MEXU, US).  México : Municipio Amecameca, km 18 de la carretera Amecameca-Tlamacas, [19.0917039°N, 98.67702965°W], 3400 m alt., 14 Jan 1982, R.  Sánchez 81 (CIIDIR, IEB, MEXU). Municipio Ocuilan, carretera Santa Martha-Zempoala, km 2-14, [19.05°N, 99.33333333°W], 2900 m alt., 1 Aug 1987, J.  Castañeda 280 (MEXU [*]). Mexico City:  Alcaldía Magdalena Contreras, Eslava, [19.291667°N, 99.246389°W, 2530 m alt.], 19 Sep 1938, E. Lyonnet 2532 (CHAPA, MEXU, US). Los Dinamos, 2800 m alt., 27 Aug 1979, A. Ventura 3506 (FCME [*], MEXU, UAMIZ, XAL).  Alcaldía Tlalpan, top of cerro Ajusco, [19.2069°N, 99.2597°W], 3937 m alt., 12 Jul 1959, J.H. Beaman 2794 (US).  Michoacán : Municipio  Erongarícuaro , 1 km al SE de  Zínciro , sobre el camino a  Eronguarícaro , [19.66463889°N, 101.7333194°W], 2400 m alt., 2 Nov 1989, J. Rzedowski 49202 (CHAPA, CIIDIR, MEXU). Municipio Salvador Escalante: alrededores de San Gregorio, [19.39238889°N, 101.5304389°W], 2650 m alt., 14 Sep 1988, E.  Pérez-Calix 205 (CHAPA, CIIDIR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU [*,**], TEX). Morelos: Municipio Tlalnepantla, 2 km al S de CICITEC, Tlalnepantla, [19.06036734°N, 98.96226062°W], 2750 m alt., 26 Mar 1981, G. Ayala 19 (MEXU [*]); carretera Milpa Alta-Oaxtepec, camino viejo al CICITEC, [19.064835°N, 98.927786°W], 2770 m alt., 21 Oct 1993, A. Miranda et al. 881 (MEXU); Oaxaca: Municipio San Juan  Yaeé , Santa  María Lachichina, [17.43962564°N, 96.285451°W], 2700 m alt., 15 Apr. 2003, A. Flores s.n. (CHAPA, MEXU [*]). Municipio San Miguel Suchixtepec, campamento  Río de Molino, 4 km al SO de San Miguel Suchixtepec, [16.07677493°N, 96.47030551°W], 2250 m alt., 21 Sep 1965, J. Rzedowski 21046 (CHAPA, IBUG, MEXU). Puebla: Municipio Hueytamalco, El Popual, [20.027434°N, 97.274122°W], 1450 m alt., 3 Jun 1970, F. Ventura 1211 (IBUG, MEXU). Municipio Tlatlauquitepec, Xucayucan, [19.89833333°N, 97.47833333°W], 1600 m alt., 5 Oct 1998, J.L. Contreras 5886 (MEXU [*,**]).  Querétaro : Municipio  Colón , parte  más alta del cerro Zamorano, [20.93305556°N, 100.1797222°W], 3200-3270 m alt., 13 Nov 1971, J. Rzedowski and R. McVaugh 459 (US). Tlaxcala: Municipio Huamantla, ladera N del cerro de La Malinche, [19.23705301°N, 98.01935192°W], 3800 m alt., 12 Oct 1986, L.  Aragón et al. 46 (MEXU). Veracruz: Municipio Jilotepec, El  Rincón , 19.60694444°N, 96.94444444°W, 1100 m alt., 19 Jun 1993, M.J. Lizama 26 (CHAPA, CIB, MEXU [*], XAL); comunidad Jilotepec, camino La Cuesta-Zacatal, 19.61527778°N, 96.95138889°W, 1500 m alt., 12 Oct 1993, M.J. Lizama 81 (CHAPA, CIB, MEXU [*,**], XAL); comunidad El Pueblito, camino a La  Concepción , 19.59722222°N, 96.925°W, 622 m alt., 17 Jan 1996, M.J. Lizama 622 (CIB). Zacatecas, Municipio Monte Escobedo,  límite entre los estados de Zacatecas y Jalisco, por la  terracería a Mezquitic, [22.31821648°N, 103.5748305°W], 2190 m alt., 21 Sep 1989, J. Balleza 2266b (CHAPA). See Suppl. materials 2, 3 for additional examined specimens. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E79B5134C7A6581E8083E4C690E01C49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
474A8E34CD405409A26F232066089089.text	474A8E34CD405409A26F232066089089.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis scabra Willd., Sp. Pl. 1 (1): 370. 1797.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 14.  Agrostis scabra Willd., Sp. Pl. 1(1): 370. 1797.</p>
            <p>Figs 4M, 29, 30A</p>
            <p> = Trichodium laxiflorum Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 42. 1803, nom. illeg. superfl.  Agrostis laxa Schreb. ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 61. 1814 [1813], pro syn.  Agrostis laxiflora (Michx.) Richardson, Narr. Journey Polar Sea: 731. 1823, nom. illeg. hom., non Poir., 1810.  Agrostis michauxii Zuccagni var. laxiflora A. Gray, N. Amer. Gram. 1: 17. 1834.  Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns &amp; Poggenb. var.  Agrostis hyemalis laxiflora (Michx.) Beetle, Phytologia 52: 11. 1982. Type. USA. Hab. In humidis et praetensibus a sinu Hudsonis ad Floridam, A. Michaux s.n. (holotype: P). </p>
            <p> Trichodium scabrum (Willd.) Muhl., Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 10. 1813. </p>
            <p> = Agrostis geminata Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 207. 1824.  Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns &amp; Poggenb. var.  Agrostis geminata geminata (Trin.) Hitchc., U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 68: 44. 1905.  Agrostis scabra Willd. var. geminata (Trin.) Swallen, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 45. 1941.  Agrostis scabra Willd. var. geminata (Trin.)  Hultén , Fl. Alaska Yukon 2: 156. 1942, nom. illeg. hom. Type: USA. Alaska: Unalaschka, J.F. Eschschholtz s.n. (holotype: LE-TRIN (LE01026091 [image!]); isotypes: LE-TRIN (LE00009321 [image!]), US [fragm. ex LE-TRIN] (US00156432 [image!])). </p>
            <p> Agrostis laxiflora (Michx.) Richardson var. scabra (Willd.) Torr., Fl. New York 2: 442. 1843. </p>
            <p> Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns &amp; Poggenb. var.  Agrostis hyemalis scabra (Willd.) H.L. Blomq., Grass. North Carolina 82. 1948.* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>America borealis, Anonymous s.n. (lectotype, designated by Vigosa-Mercado (2022a: 3): B-W (BW01732020 [image!]); isolectotype: B-W (BW01732010 [image!])).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 15-90 cm long, erect, nodes usually 1-2(-3), sometimes more, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly basal, sometimes cauline leaves well developed; sheaths 1.5-13 cm long, the lower ones usually longer than the internodes, the upper ones shorter, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 0.5-5 mm long, usually longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices rounded to truncate, sometimes acute, erose to lacerate; blades 3-14 cm long, (0.3-)0.5-2(-3) mm wide, the lower ones usually filiform and involute, the upper ones linear and flat, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (4-)8-30 cm long, (2.2-)4-20(-26) cm wide, open, lax, ovate, lax, usually long-exserted from the upper sheaths; branches spreading, sometimes ascending, rebranching in the upper third, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, spikelets usually clustered at the tips, inferior branches 1.5-13 cm long; pedicels (0.5-)1-7(-10) mm long, appressed, scaberulous. Spikelets 2-3(-3.4) mm long, greenish to purplish; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.8-2.8(-3.2) mm long, upper glume 2-3(-3.2) mm long; callus pubescent, with 2 bunches of trichomes; lemmas 1.3-2 mm long, elliptic, apices entire, obtuse, sometimes toothed, 5-nerved, veins prominent distally, unawned, rarely awned from above mid-length, awn up to 2 mm long, inserted 0.8-1.5 mm above the base, straight; paleas absent or up to 0.2 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.5-1.4 mm long. Caryopsis 0.8-1.5 mm long, elliptic; endosperm liquid to soft. 2n= 42 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows medium-sized, wide; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular to slightly elliptical in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 31A-C). Lemmas with transversal thickenings oblong, wider than the unthickened portions of the wall; prickle hairs abundant (Fig. 32A).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis scabra is native from Alaska to Guatemala. It has been introduced in Argentina and Chile (  Rúgolo and Molina 1997), Venezuela, the West Indies and Europe (Dorr 2014). In the study zone, this species has been collected in the USA states of Arizona, California, New Mexico and Texas; in the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco,  México ,  Michoacán , Morelos, Nuevo  León , Oaxaca, Puebla,  Querétaro , San Luis  Potosí , Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz and Zacatecas; in the Guatemalan state of Huehuetenango (Fig. 26B). It has also been reported from Mexico City, and the Mexican states of Aguascalientes, Hidalgo, and Tlaxcala (  Dávila et al. 2018;  Sánchez-Ken 2019), but no specimens from these states were found.  Agrostis scabra grows in open areas of temperate forests, with conifers and  Quercus , also in cloud forests, alpine grasslands, stream edges and shrublands, between 630-3500 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27B). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected year round, but most of them between the months of April and October (Fig. 28B).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> The plants of this species are variable and at least two forms were observed in the study zone: 1) plants with very conspicuous basal leaves, with filiform and involute blades, distributed in Mexico and Guatemala; 2) plants with well-developed cauline leaves, with broader leaf blades, common in southern USA.  Agrostis scabra is often confused with  A. perennans , which share several leaf anatomy and lemma micromorphology characters (see the note under the description of that species).  Agrostis scabra has been considered a synonym or a variety of  A. hyemalis and is often confused with it (see the note under the description of that species). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis scabra is a common and widespread species in the study zone. It is represented by 240 collections, with several populations occurring in 25 protected areas. The EOO is 2,076,712 km2 and the AOO is 712 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Guatemala. Huehuetenango: Municipio Chiantla,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.34986/lat 15.4999)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.34986&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4999">Chancol</a>
                 , 15.4999°N, 91.34986°W, 3300 m alt., 28 Aug 2000, M.  Véliz et al. 10046 (MEXU [*])  .   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.44028/lat 15.421111)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.44028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.421111">La</a>
                 Capellanía , 15.42111111°N, 91.44027778°W, 3150 m alt., 20 Jul 2004, M.  Véliz 15309 (MEXU [*])  .   Mexico. Baja California: Municipio Ensenada, Sierra San Pedro  Mártir , moist stream banks,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.50833/lat 30.86667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.50833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.86667">La</a>
                 Víbora , arroyo  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.50833/lat 30.86667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.50833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.86667">La Grulla</a>
                 , 4 km SW of La Grulla, [30.86667°N, 115.50833°W], 1900 m alt., 9 Aug 1977, R. Moran 24402 (MEXU [*], SD)  .   Baja California Sur: Municipio La Paz, arroyo Encinos Blancos,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.98333/lat 23.383333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.383333">Sierra la Laguna</a>
                 , [23.38333333°N, 109.9833333°W], 1870 m alt., 13 Aug 1987, J.L.  León de la Luz 2722 (MEXU)  .   Chiapas: Municipio Jitotol, 5 km SE of Jitotol, along road to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.84991/lat 17.030928)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.84991&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.030928">Bochil</a>
                 , [17.03092769°N, 92.8499077°W], 1600 m alt., 24 Feb 1982, D.E. Breedlove 58514 (MEXU, TEX)  .   Municipio Venustiano Carranza, ejido Laja Tendida, km 17 carretera  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.66931/lat 16.342325)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.66931&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.342325">
Venustiano Carranza-Tuxtla 
Gutierrez</a>
                 , 2 km a  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.66931/lat 16.342325)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.66931&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.342325">
Flores 
Magon</a>
                 , [16.342325°N, 92.669313°W], 630 m alt., 5 Sep 1997, A. Miranda 1275 (MEXU [*])  .   Chihuahua: Municipio Ocampo, Parque Nacional de la Cascada de Basaseachic, [28.16666667°N, 108.2083333°W], 1600 m alt., 25 Apr 1987, R. Spellenberg et al. 8428 (MEXU [*,**]);  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.480804/lat 28.495438)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.480804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.495438">Municipio Temosachic</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.480804/lat 28.495438)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.480804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.495438">Nabogame</a>
                 , [28.49543744°N, 108.4808032°W], 1800 m alt., 25 Mar 1988, J.E.  Laferrière 1419 (MEXU, TEX)  .   Coahuila: Municipio Arteaga, El Morro,  Sierra de Arteaga ,  límites con   Nuevo  León , [25.21307327°N, 100.2847136°W], 2900 m alt., 25 Sep 1991, J.A. Villareal and M.A. Carranza 6300 (CIIDIR, MEXU, XAL)  .   Durango: Municipio Pueblo Nuevo, ejido El Brillante, lago de  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.45639/lat 23.6725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.45639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.6725">Puentecillas</a>
                 , 23.6725°N, 105.4563889°W, 2744 m alt., 28 Oct 2011, S. Heynes et al. 264 (CIIDIR, MEXU [*,**], UAMIZ)  .   Municipio Santiago Papasquiaro,  Bajío de Vacas (  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.407776/lat 25.040833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.407776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.040833">Hacienditas</a>
                 ), [25.040833°N, 105.407778°W], 2659 m alt., 5 Oct 1990, A.  Benítez 2633 (CHAPA, CIIDIR, MEXU [*], UAMIZ)  .  Guanajuato: Municipio  Guanajuato,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.25801/lat 21.025963)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.25801&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.025963">Bufas de Guanajuato</a>
                 , [21.02596283°N, 101.2580131°W], 2140 m alt., 12 May 1981, R.  Santillán and A. Mora, 28-R (MEXU)  .   Jalisco: Municipio Ojuelos,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.68017/lat 21.812399)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.68017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.812399">Canon
de Bacieros
</a>
                 , 14 km SO de Ojuelos, [21.81239946°N, 101.6801703°W], 2350 m alt., 4 Jun 1983, M. Alcocer s.n. (CHAPA, MEXU [*])  .   México : Municipio Temascaltepec, 11 km sobre la  desviación a Tequesquipan, carretera  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.94452/lat 19.064547)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.94452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.064547">Toluca-Temascaltepec</a>
                 , [19.06454704°N, 99.94451928°W], 2350 m alt., 15 Feb 1983, E. Manrique 161 (MEXU)  .   Michoacán : Municipio  Pátzcuaro , La Laguna, cerca de  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -101.498245/lat 19.418869)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-101.498245&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.418869">San</a>
                 Gregorio, [19.41886944°N, 101.4982472°W], 2700 m alt., 26 Oct 1985, J.S.  Martínez 1013 (IEB)  .   Morelos: Municipio Huitzilac, shore of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.315674/lat 19.049913)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.315674&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.049913">Laguna Zempoala</a>
                 , 20 km NW of Cuernavaca, [19.04991306°N, 99.31567672°W], 2800 m alt., 8 Dec 1950, N.C. Fassett 28453 (F, US)  .   Nuevo  León : Municipio Galeana, cima del cerro  Potosí , [24.87220276°N, 100.232885°W], 3500 m alt., 16 Aug 1989, A.  García and S.  González 196 (CIIDIR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU, UAMIZ)  .   Oaxaca: Municipio San Miguel El Grande, 36 km de Tlaxiaco rumbo a  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.616776/lat 17.081388)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.616776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.081388">Chalcatongo</a>
                 , [17.08138782°N, 97.61677573°W], 2559 m alt., 25 Jun 1980, A.A. Beetle M-4760 (CHAPA, IBUG, MEXU)  .   Puebla: Municipio Huachinango, near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.03/lat 20.11)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.11">Huachinango</a>
                 , [20.11°N, 98.03°W], 1890 m alt., 12 Apr 1962, A.A. Beetle M-567 (UTC)  .   Querétaro : Municipio Pinal de Amoles: Puerto de los  Velázquez , [21.12092778°N, 99.67360833°W], 2650 m alt., 17 Sep 1993, V. Jaramillo et al. 813 (IEB, MEXU)  .   San Luis  Potosí : Municipio Villa de Arriaga, near the village of San Francisco in the  Sierra de San Miguelito ca 25 km SW of San Luis Potosi., [22N, 101.14W], 2200-2400 m alt., 5 Sep 1954, E.R. Sohns 1070 (US)  .   Sinaloa: Municipio Concordia,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.84684/lat 23.555792)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.84684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.555792">El Palmito</a>
                 , en el parteaguas, 8 km al O del poblado, [23.55579174°N, 105.8468406°W], 2350 m alt., 18 Nov 1984, R. Vega 1385 (MEXU)  .   Sonora: Municipio  Yécora , arroyo El Otro Lado, 3.9  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.89833/lat 28.375)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.89833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.375">Km</a>
                 E of Yecora on Mex 16, 28.375°N, 108.898333°W, 1560 m alt., 25 May 1998, T.R. Van Devender et al. 98-640 (ASU, MEXU, NY, TEX)  .   Veracruz: Municipio Las Vigas de  Ramírez ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.06111/lat 19.633333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.06111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.633333">Toxtlacoaya</a>
                 , 19.63333333°N, 97.06111111°W, 2320 m alt., 15 Sep 91, H. Sandoval 97 (CHAPA, CIB, MEXU [*])  .   Zacatecas: Municipio Jerez, Sierra Los Cardos, 10.5 mi NW of Jerez, W of El Cargadero, on road towards  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.131/lat 22.7099)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.131&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.7099">Monte</a>
                 de los  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.131/lat 22.7099)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.131&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.7099">Garcia</a>
                 , 22.7099°N, 103.131°W, 2570 m alt., 19 Oct 2007, P.M. Peterson et al. 21406 (CAN, US)  .   USA. Arizona: Cochise County, Coronado National Forest, ca. 6.6 miles E on  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.24316/lat 32.00439)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.24316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.00439">Pinery Canyon</a>
                 road from fork to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.24316/lat 32.00439)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.24316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.00439">Chiricahua National Monument</a>
                 , [32.00439°N, 109.243154°W], 1676 m alt., 12 Jun 1987, L.R. Landrum and S.S. Landrum 5500 (ASC, ASU)  .   Pima County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.708/lat 32.3833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.708&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.3833">Rose Canyon Lake</a>
                 , E end, ca. 3 km S of Mount Bigelow, [32.3833°N, 110.708°W], 2113, 17 Sep 1992, M.A. Baker 10209 (ASU [*])  .   California: San Diego County, SW of Combs Peak, canyon off of Chihuahua-Lost Valley Road just NW of Sky Oaks Field Station, on  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.62718/lat 33.38207)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.62718&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.38207">Bureau of Land Management</a>
                 lands, 33.38207°N, 116.62718°W, 1405 m alt., 15 Aug 2010, J.P. Rebman 20319 (SD [*])  .   New Mexico: Hidalgo County, Peloncillo Mountains,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.91471/lat 31.409374)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.91471&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.409374">Cloverdale Creek</a>
                 , just inside  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.91471/lat 31.409374)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.91471&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.409374">National Forest</a>
                 boundary, 31.40937429°N, 108.9147098°W, 1585 m alt., 1 May 1991, K.W. Allred 5232 (IBUG)  .   Texas: Jeff Davis County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.1/lat 30.7)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.7">Madera Canyon</a>
                 , roadside park in canyon along highway 118, 30.7°N, 104.1°W, 1768 m alt., 29 Jun 1979, R.D. Worthington 4691 (COLO, UTEP). See Suppl. materials 2, 3 for additional examined specimens  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/474A8E34CD405409A26F232066089089	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
F04ABA301B335C1C8962D6E1EEDF7117.text	F04ABA301B335C1C8962D6E1EEDF7117.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis stolonifera L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 15.  Agrostis stolonifera L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753.</p>
            <p>Figs 4N, 30B, 33</p>
            <p> = Agrostis palustris Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 27. 1762.  Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw., Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 351. 1920.  Agrostis polymorpha Huds. var. palustris (Huds.) Huds., Fl. Angl. (ed. 2) 1: 32. 1778.  Agrostis alba L. var. palustris (Huds.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 76. 1805.  Apera palustris (Huds.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 148. 1821.  Agrostis stolonifera L. subsp. palustris (Huds.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 58. 1971. Type: England. 119. Gramen Miliac. maj. panic. viridi. In Herb. Petiver (lectotype, designated by  Widén (1971: 77): BM). </p>
            <p> Agrostis polymorpha Huds. var. stolonifera (L.) Huds., Fl. Angl. (ed. 2) 1: 31. 1778. </p>
            <p> Decandolia stolonifera (L.) Bastard, Essai Fl. Maine et Loire 29. 1809. </p>
            <p> Vilfa stolonifera (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16. 1812. </p>
            <p> Milium stoloniferum (L.) Lag., Elench. Pl. Nov. 10. 1816. </p>
            <p> Agrostis alba L. var. stolonifera (L.) Sm., Engl. Fl. 1: 93. 1824. </p>
            <p> Agrostis vulgaris With. var. stolonifera (L.) G. Mey., Chloris Han.: 657. 1836. </p>
            <p> Agrostis vulgaris With. var. stolonifera (L.) W.D.J. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 782. 1837. </p>
            <p> Agrostis tenuis Sibth. var. stolonifera (L.) Podp., Kvetena Moravy (Prace Marav. Prir. Spolc.) 6: 354. 1926. </p>
            <p> Agrostis palustris Huds. var. stolonifera (L.) Druce, Fl. Oxfordshire (ed. 2) 473. 1927. </p>
            <p> Agrostis capillaris L. var. stolonifera (L.) Druce, List Brit. Pl. 126. 1928.* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Herb. A. van Royen s.n. (lectotype, designated by  Widén (1971: 77): L (L0059234 [image!])). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, stoloniferous. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Stolons up to 1(-2) m long. Culms (8-)15-60 cm long, erect, decumbent at the base, nodes (2-)3-7, glabrous, lower nodes rooting, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly cauline; sheaths 2.5-8 cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 1-7 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices rounded to truncate, erose to lacerate; blades (1-)2-10 cm long, (1-)2-6 mm wide, linear, flat, becoming convolute when dry scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (3-)4-20 cm long, 0.5-3 cm wide, open at anthesis, becoming contracted, dense, lanceolate, sometimes spiciform; branches appressed to ascending, branching from below mid-length, scaberulous, inferior branches 2-6 cm long, lateral branches often with spikelets near their base; pedicels 0.5-3.3 mm long, appressed to ascending, scaberulous. Spikelets 1.6-2 (-3) mm long, greenish, often tinged with purple; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.6-2 (-3) mm long, upper glume 1.4-2(1.6-2 (-3) mm long; callus puberulous, with 2 bunches of short trichomes, sometimes inconspicuous; lemmas 1.4-2 mm long, elliptic to oblong, apices entire, acute to obtuse, sometimes toothed, 3(5)-veined, veins inconspicuous or prominent distally, unawned, rarely awned from above mid-length, awn up to 1.5 mm long, inserted 0.8-1.5 mm above the base, straight or weakly geniculate; paleas present, 0.7-1.4 mm long, 2-veined, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.9-1.5 mm long. Caryopsis 0.9-1.3, elliptic; endosperm solid. 2n= 28, 35, 42 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat to convolute in transversal section; adaxial furrows medium-sized to deep, wide; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular to slightly elliptical in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 31D, E). Lemmas without transversal thickenings, prickle hairs abundant to scarce (Fig. 32B).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Introduced.  Agrostis stolonifera is native to Eurasia and northern North America (Harvey 2007). In the study zone, this taxon has been collected from the Mexican states of Baja California and Veracruz (Fig. 26C).  Agrostis has also been reported from the southern United States and Mexico City, also from the states of Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Jalisco,  México ,  Michoacán , Nuevo  León , Puebla, and Tlaxcala (  Dávila et al. 2018;  Sánchez-Ken 2019), but no specimens from these states have been seen. This taxon has been collected on stream edges and open areas of pine forests, between 1800-2100 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27C). There are more records of this species in the study zone, on databases (GBIF 2023d), but not all of them have images, and thus we were unable to confirm their identity. </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from June to August (Fig. 28C).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> Agrostis stolonifera is often confused with  A. gigantea (see the note under the description of that species). This is a variable species and several infraspecific taxa have been recognized (e.g., Pohl and Davidse 1994;  Rúgolo and Molina 1997). The plants from the study zone fit well in  A. stolonifera var. palustris , which is distinguished from the typical variety in the more contracted panicles, up to 3 cm wide, and smaller spikelets of 1.6-2 mm long (vs. more open panicles, up to 6 cm wide, spikelets 2-2.5 mm long in the typical variety). The width of the panicles could be related to the age of the panicles, since they become contracted after anthesis, and thus varieties are not recognized here. </p>
            <p> This taxon is also confused with  Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr., from which it is distinguished in the spikelets disarticulating above the glumes (vs. disarticulation below the glumes, with a pedicel fragment in  P. viridis ). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Since  Agrostis stolonifera is an introduced taxon in the study zone, its conservation status is considered as Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Mexico. Baja California: Municipio Ensenada, Sierra San Pedro  Mártir ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.46223/lat 30.88916)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.46223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.88916">La Grulla</a>
                 , [30.88916°N, 115.46223°W], 2100 m alt., 21 Aug 1967, R. Moran and R.F. Thorne 14466 (SD)  .   Veracruz: Municipio Tatatila, camino  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.125/lat 19.675)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.675">Las Vigas-Tatatila</a>
                 , 1 km antes de La Mancuerna, 19.675°N, 97.125°W, 1800 m alt., 7 Jun 1996, H.R. Sandoval and B.V.  Hernández 370 (CIB), 380 (CIB, MEXU [*, **], XAL)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F04ABA301B335C1C8962D6E1EEDF7117	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
E90CA428F83D57D4BCED354355691E63.text	E90CA428F83D57D4BCED354355691E63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis subpatens Hitchc., in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 17 (7): 527. 1937.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 16.  Agrostis subpatens Hitchc., in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 17(7): 527. 1937.</p>
            <p>Figs 4O, 30C, 34</p>
            <p> = Agrostis vinosa Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29(9): 402. 1950. Type. Guatemala. Huehuetenango: alpine meadow, vicinity of  Chémal , summit of Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 3700-3750 m alt., 8 Aug 1942, J. Steyermak 50290 (holotype: US (US00131130); isotypes: F (F0046567F [image!]), MO (MO-501391 [image!]), US (US00624107 [image!])). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Costa Rica. Cerro de la Muerte, 3100 m alt., Jan 1897, H. Pittier 10470 (holotype: US (US 00131113); isotype: G (G00192032 [image!])) . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms up to 30 cm long, erect, decumbent at the base, nodes 1-2, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly basal; sheaths 1-6 cm long, longer or shorter than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 2-3(5) mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices acute, often lacerate; blades 2.2-10(15) cm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide, filiform, conduplicate to convolute, sometimes flat at the base, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles 5-11.5 cm long, 0.5-4 cm wide, contracted to open, somewhat lax, linear to lanceolate, exserted from the upper sheaths; branches appressed to ascending, rebranching about mid-length or below, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches up to 2.8 cm long cm long; pedicels 2-7 mm long, usually longer than the spikelets, appressed to ascending, scaberulous. Spikelets 2.1-3 mm long, purplish; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 2.1-3 mm long, upper glume 1.9-2.8 mm long; callus pubescent, with 2 bunches of trichomes; lemmas 1.3-2.2 mm long, elliptic, apices toothed, 5-veined, veins prominent distally, awned near the base, awn 3-3.5 mm long, weakly geniculate, reaching the lemma apices; paleas absent; anthers 3, 0.9-1.5 mm long. Caryopsis 0.8-1.5 mm long, elliptic; endosperm solid. 2n= 28 (Pohl and Davidse 1971).</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades convolute to v-shaped in transversal section; adaxial furrows deep, narrow; adaxial ribs rounded to triangular; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath not interrupted, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath not interrupted, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma present, abaxial; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 31F, G). Lemmas with transversal thickenings irregular to oblong, wider than the unthickened portion of the wall; prickle hairs abundant (Fig. 32C).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis subpatens is distributed from Chiapas, Mexico to Costa Rica (Pohl and Davidse 1994). It has also been reported from Venezuela (Luteyn 1999). In the study zone, it has been collected in the Mexican state of Chiapas and in the Guatemalan departments of Chimaltenango and Huehuetenango (Fig. 26D). This species has also been reported from Mexico City and the Mexican states of Hidalgo, Jalisco,  México ,  Michoacán , Oaxaca, Puebla,  Querétaro , Tlaxcala and Veracruz (  Villaseñor 2016;  Dávila et al. 2018;  Sánchez-Ken 2019; Vigosa-Mercado and  Ruiz-Sánchez , 2020), but these records correspond to misidentified specimens of  A. tolucensis and  A. turrialbae .  Agrostis subpatens grows in open areas of temperate forests with  Pinus and  Juniperus , and in alpine grasslands, between 2900-3790 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27D). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected in January, August and September (Fig. 28D).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> This species is similar to  A. tolucensis and  A. turrialbae , with which it shares the basal filiform leaves, as well as several leaf blade anatomy and lemma micromorphology characters.  Agrostis subpatens differs from  A. tolucensis in the less dense and often more open panicles, with pedicels usually longer than the spikelets (vs. usually dense and spiciform panicles, pedicels usually shorter than the spikelets in  A. tolucensis ). It differs from  A. turrialbae in the awned lemmas and absent palea (vs. unawned lemmas, palea up to 0.2 mm long in  A. turrialbae ). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis subpatens is known in the study zone from a few localities in southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is represented by seven collections, with several populations occurring in two protected areas. The EOO is 5,589 km2 and the AOO is 20 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Endangered (EN). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Guatemala. Chimaltenango: Municipio Acatenango, slopes of  Volcán de Acatenango, above  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.8773/lat 14.524632)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.8773&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.524632">Las Calderas</a>
                 , [14.52463248°N, 90.87729338°W], 2900 m alt., 3 Jun 1939, P.C. Standley 61878 (F)  .   Huehuetenango: Municipio Chiantla, Llano de  Tsajualá , 3170 m alt., 26 Aug 1976, D.N. Smith 383 (F); cerca del cementerio, aldea  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.43878/lat 15.43172)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.43878&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.43172">
San 
Nicolas</a>
                 , [15.43172006°N, 91.43878244°W], 3090 m alt., 3 Sep 1976, D.N. Smith 430 (F)  .   Municipio Todos Santos  Cuchumatán , Cerro Alto entre Llano de San Miguel y Todos Santos  Cuchumatán , [15.54382199°N, 91.57855143°W], 3790 m alt., 29 Aug 1976, D.N. Smith 411 (F); near  Tojquiá , summit of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.56628/lat 15.543608)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.56628&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.543608">Sierra</a>
                 de los  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.56628/lat 15.543608)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.56628&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.543608">Cuchumatanes</a>
                 , [15.54360741°N, 91.56627528°W], 3700 m alt., 7 Aug 1942, J.A. Steyermark 50230 (F, US)  .   Mexico. Chiapas: Municipio Siltepec, on the N and W slope of cerro Mozotal below the microwave tower along the road from Huixtla to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.34194/lat 15.4275)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.34194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4275">El Porvenir</a>
                 and  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.34194/lat 15.4275)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.34194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4275">Siltepec</a>
                 , [15.4275°N, 92.341944°W], 3000 m alt., 19 Sep 1976, D.E. Breedlove 40355 (DS, MEXU [*, **])  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E90CA428F83D57D4BCED354355691E63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
948A2A637B9E5E8E800D50278004588E.text	948A2A637B9E5E8E800D50278004588E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis subrepens (Hitchc.) (Hitchc.) Hitchc., in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 17 (7): 525. 1937.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 17.  Agrostis subrepens (Hitchc.) Hitchc., in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 17(7): 525. 1937.</p>
            <p>Figs 4P, 30D, 35</p>
            <p> Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns &amp; Poggenb. var.  Agrostis hyemalis subrepens Hitchc., U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 68: 44. 1905. Type: Mexico. Chihuahua: in wet places, pine plains, base of Sierra Madre Mountains, 28 Sep 1887, C.G. Pringle 1420 (holotype: US (US00131756 [image!]); isotypes: F (F-104784 [image!], F-2108718 [image!]), K (K000308371 [image!]), NY (NY-327645 [image!], NY-327646 [image!], US (US00131757 [image!])). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Based on  Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns &amp; Poggenb. var.  Agrostis hyemalis subrepens Hitchc. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, rhizomatous or developing pseudostolons. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Rhizomes and pseudostolons up to 5 cm long. Culms 0.6-1 m long, erect, decumbent at the base, nodes 2-4, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly cauline; sheaths 3.5-7 cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous; ligules 1-2 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices truncate, erose; blades 3-5 cm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, linear, flat or involute, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles 9-22 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, open, lax, pyramidal, long-exserted from the upper sheaths; branches spreading, rebranching about mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches 2-8 cm long; pedicels 1-3 mm long, ascending to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets 1.8-2.8 mm long, purplish; glumes subequal, lanceolate, apices acute, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.8-2.8 mm long, upper glume 1.7-2.7 mm long; callus glabrous or with a few trichomes, Inconspicuous; lemmas 1.3-2 mm long, elliptic, apices entire, acute, 5-veined, veins prominent, unawned; paleas absent; anthers 3, 1-1.3 mm long. Caryopsis ca. 1.2 mm long, elliptic; endosperm solid. 2n= unknown.</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades flat in transversal section; adaxial furrows deep, narrow; adaxial ribs square to triangular; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath not interrupted, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath not interrupted, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 31H, I). Lemmas with transversal thickenings irregular, wider than the unthickened portion of the wall; prickle hairs abundant (Fig. 32D).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis subrepens was described from the Sierra Madre Occidental, in Chihuahua, Mexico (Fig. 26E). It has also been reported from South America, in Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Paraguay,  Perú and Venezuela (Soreng and Peterson 2003;  Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. 2011), but the specimens from these countries were not seen, and could represent misidentifications of other species. In the study zone,  A. subrepens grows in wet areas, in forests with  Pinus and  Quercus , between 2000-2168 m in elevation (Fig. 27E). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from August to September (Fig. 28E).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> The status of  A. subrepens as a distinct species and its distribution has been put in doubt recently (Sylvester et al. 2020a). This species is very similar to  A. perennans sensu lato and other awnless species of the study zone, but differs from them in the presence of pseudostolons, leaf blades with square to triangular adaxial ribs, and lemmas with irregular thickenings (vs. caespitose plants, leaf blades with rounded adaxial ribs, lemmas with usually polygonal thickenings). Some individuals of  A. perennans sensu lato sometimes develop pseudostolons, but despite the leaf anatomy, there are few differences between the two taxa. We recognise  A. subrepens as a distinct species, until more evidence is available. </p>
            <p> It could also be confused with  A. pallens from California and Baja California, but it is distinguished in the more open panicles, and unawned lemmas (vs. panicles often contracted, often awned lemmas), as well as the leaf anatomy. </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis subrepens is known in the study zone from a few localities in Chihuahua, Mexico. It is represented by five collections, with no populations occurring in protected areas. The EOO is 74 km2 and the AOO is 12 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Endangered (EN). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Mexico. Chihuahua: Municipio Casas Grandes,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -108.333/lat 29.9833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-108.333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9833">Sierra Madre Occidental</a>
                 , W of Casas Grandes, just S of  Hernández [30.04186415°N, 108.2901759°W], 2000 m alt., 18 Sep 1960, J. Reeder et al. 3535 (MEXU [*, **], US). Municipio Madera, Chuhuichupa, [29.60543842°N, 108.3736947°W, 2168 m alt.], Aug-Sep 1936, H. LeSueur 87 (US), 198 (US), near Colonia Garcia, in the Sierra Madre, [29.9833°N, 108.333°W, 2149 m alt.], 1 Aug 1899, E.W. Nelson 6195 (US)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/948A2A637B9E5E8E800D50278004588E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
435EF88460DE538794D0DDE29B78E1F4.text	435EF88460DE538794D0DDE29B78E1F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis tolucensis Kunth, in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 135. 1816.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 18.  Agrostis tolucensis Kunth, in Humb., Bonpl. &amp; Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 135. 1816.</p>
            <p>Figs 4Q, 30E, 36</p>
            <p> = Agrostis virescens Kunth, in Humb., Bonpl. &amp; Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 135-136. 1816.  Agrostis tolucensis Willd. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 164. 1854, nom. inval., pro syn. Type: Mexico. State of  México : in planitie Tolucana, A. Humboldt and A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P (P00669395 [image!]); isotypes: LE-TRIN, P (P00136912 [image!], P00740428 [image!], P00740429 [image!], P00740430 [image!])).* </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Mexico. State of   México : crescit in apricis, aridis regni Mexicani, prope urbem Toluca et Islahuaca [Ixtlahuaca], 1380 hexap. alt., A. Humboldt and A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P (P00669394 [image!]); isotypes: P (P00136913 [image!]), P00136914 [image!], P00136915 [image!], P00740426! [image!])  , US [fragm. ex P] (US 00156505 [image!]). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose, or shortly rhizomatous. Tillers extravaginal and intravaginal, with cataphylls. Rhizomes if present, up to 1 cm, ascendent. Culms 5-30(-60) cm long, erect, nodes 1-3, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly basal or basal and cauline; sheaths 1-10 cm long, the lower ones longer than the internodes, the upper ones shorter, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 2-5(-6) mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices acute to truncate, erose or lacerate; blades 3-10(-19) cm long, 0.5-3(-4) mm wide, filiform to linear, conduplicate to involute, sometimes flat, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (3-)5-12 cm long, (0.3-)0.5-1 cm wide, contracted, dense, spiciform, linear to lanceolate, often interrupted at the base, often partially included in the upper foliage sheats; branches appressed, rebranching below mid-length, scaberulous, with spikelets near their base, inferior branches up to 3 cm long; pedicels 0.5-3 mm long, appressed, scaberulous. Spikelets 2-3(-3.6) mm long, greenish to purplish; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 2-3(-3.6) mm long, upper glume 1.8-2.8(-3.4) mm long; callus pubescent, with 2 bunches of trichomes; lemmas 1.2-2 mm long, elliptic, apices toothed, 5-veined, veins prominent, awned near the base, sometimes above mid-length, rarely awnless, awn 1.5-3.5 mm long, geniculate, reaching the lemma apices; paleas absent or up to 0.2 mm long; anthers 3, 0.5-1 mm long. Caryopsis 0.7-1.5 mm long, elliptic; endosperm soft to solid. 2n= 28 (Pohl and Davidse 1971).</p>
            <p>Leaf anatom y. Leaf blades involute to v-shaped in transversal section; adaxial furrows deep, narrow; adaxial ribs rounded to triangular; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath not interrupted, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath not interrupted, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma; intercostal sclerenchyma present, abaxial; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 37A, B). Lemmas with transversal thickenings irregular to oblong, wider than the unthickened portion of the wall; prickle hairs abundant (32E).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis tolucensis is distributed from northern Mexico to Chile. In the study zone, it has been collected in Mexico City, and the Mexican states of Chiapas, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco,  México ,  Michoacán , Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Veracruz; in the Guatemalan departments of  Sacatepéquez and San Marcos (Fig. 26F). It has also been reported from the Mexican states of Colima, Guanajuato, and San Luis  Potosí (  Villaseñor 2016;  Sánchez-Ken 2019), but no specimens from these states were found.  Agrostis tolucensis grows in open areas of temperate forests with  Abies ,  Pinus , and  Quercus , and alpine grasslands, between 1330-4520 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27F). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected year round, but most of them between the months of July and November (Fig. 28F).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> It has been reported that South American populations of this species develop long rhizomes (e.g. Renvoize 1998). This species is often confused with  A. exarata and  A. subpatens (see the notes under the description of these species).  Agrostis tolucensis is a variable species, and several infraspecific taxa have been described, none of which are recognized in this work. In the study zone, at least three forms have been observed, but there is a continuous interval of variation in the populations of this species: 1) small plants with narrow leaf blades and panicles shortly exceeding the foliage, 2) larger plants with narrow leaf blades and panicles long-exserted from the foliage, 3) larger plants with broader leaf blades, more open panicles, and lemmas with awn inserted above mid-length of the lemma. The plants of the latter form have been called  A. virescens , but they fit well in the continuous interval of variation of the populations. This species is also confused with  A. meyenii Trin. (see the note under excluded species). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis tolucensis is a common and widespread species in the study zone. It is represented by 244 collections, with several populations occurring in 17 protected areas. The EOO is 439,417 km2 and the AOO is 432 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Guatemala. San Marcos: Municipio Sibinal,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.10694/lat 15.130555)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.10694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.130555">VolcanTacana</a>
                 , 500 m al E de  Talquián , 15.13055556°N, 92.10694444°W, 4028 m alt., 24 May 2000, N. Gallardo et al. 8851 (MEXU)  .   México . Chiapas: Municipio  Unión Juárez , SE side of the summit of  Volcán Tacaná , [15.09306218°N, 92.08369755°W], 3600 m alt., 10 Nov 1972, D.E. Breedlove 29340 (MEXU [*], MO);  cráter del  Volcán Tacaná , [15.09306218°N, 92.08369755°W], 4000 m alt., 9 Oct 1987, E.  Martínez 20869 (MEXU [*]). Durango: Municipio San Dimas, 3 mi S of Guachichiles, upper slopes of cerro Huehento, 24.0786°N, 105.743°W, 3078-3249 m alt., 30 Sep 2008, P.M. Peterson and J.M. Saarela 22445 (CAN, US). Guerrero: Municipio General Heliodoro Castillo, cerro Teotepec, [17.46666667°N, 100.2166667°W], 3200 m alt., 17 Oct 1999, E.  Domínguez 1200 (FCME [*]), 5 Dec 1993, M.  González and C.  Catalán 564 (CHAPA, MEXU). Hidalgo: without municipality, pasando  desviación a Pachuca, autopista a  México , 19 Jul 1976, J.J. Soto s.n. (IBUG). Jalisco: Municipio Ciudad  Guzmán , 2 km antes de llegar a La Casita, camino El Refugio-Nevado de Colima, 2860 m alt., 3 Feb 1994, J. Reynoso 1735 (CIIDIR, IBUG). Municipio  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.5808/lat 19.601109)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.5808&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.601109">San</a>
                 Gabriel, N slopes of Nevado de Colima, [19.60110761°N, 103.5808018°W, 3000 m alt.], 19 Sep 1980, A.A. Beetle and R.  Guzmán M-5380 (IBUG, MEXU [*])  .   Mexico: Municipio Amecameca, La Joya de Alcalican, pies de  Iztaccíhuatl , [19.141667°N, 98.675°W], 3950 m alt., 23 Nov 1975, L. Alonso 66 (CHAPA, IBUG, MEXU); SW del  Volcán Iztaccíhuatl , 1.5 km al SE de La Joyita, 19.13291667°N, 98.64144444°W, 3997 m alt., 15 Nov 2012, R.  Hernández-Cárdenas and L. Arredondo-Amezcua 867 (MEXU [*]); km 20 carretera Amecameca-Tlamacas, [19.0917039°N, 98.67702965°W, 3402 m alt.], 2 Oct 1992, A. Miranda and G. Villegas 650 (MEXU [*]);  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.15139/lat 19.49639)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.15139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.49639">La Joya de Alcalican</a>
                 , extremo SW del  Iztaccíhuatl , [19.152778°N, 98.673333°W], 3900 m alt, 26 Nov 1978, H.J. Soriano 116 (ASU, CIIDIR, MEXU [*], XAL). Municipio Zinacantepec, camino al Nevado, [19.1225°N, 99.77888889°W], 3200 m alt., 1 Oct 1992, A. Miranda et al. 598 (MEXU [*, **]). Mexico City,  Alcaldía Tlalpan,  volcán Pelado, [19.151°N, 99.2171°W], 3100 m alt., 1 Jul 1985, A. Miranda et al. 25 (MEXU).  Michoacán : Municipio Angangeueo, alrededores del Llano de las Papas, [19.65618889N, 100.2717278], 3200 m alt., 9 Oct 1988, J. Rzedowski 47403 (CHAPA, CIIDIR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU [**], XAL). Morelos: Municipio Huitzilac, Zempoala, [19.05034984°N, 99.31696647°W, 2812 m alt.], 1938, E. Lyonnet 2497 (MEXU, US). Municipio Oaxtepec, Oaxtepec, [18.90219847°N, 98.96287658°W], 1333 m alt., Aug 1952, F. Gallegos 438 (MEXU). Oaxaca: Municipio  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.15139/lat 19.49639)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.15139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.49639">San</a>
                 Miguel  Amatlán , 8.3 mi N of San Cualimojoyas on road towards Santa Maria Yavesia, 17.1819°N, 96.4445°W, 2794 m alt., 20 Sep 2008, P.M. Peterson and J.M. Saarela 22308 (US). Puebla: Municipio Atzitzintla, Sierra Negra, SW of Pico de Orizaba, summit of mountain, [18.98528°N, 97.310745°W], 4520 m alt., 10 Sep 1958, J.H. Beaman 2506 (MEXU, US). Municipio  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.15139/lat 19.49639)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.15139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.49639">San</a>
                 Nicolás de los Ranchos, 6 km al SE de Paso de  Cortés , brecha a  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.15139/lat 19.49639)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.15139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.49639">Xalitzintla</a>
                 , [20.18°N, 98.44°W], 3400 m alt., 14 Sep 1988, P. Tenorio 15092 (MEXU, TEX); Buenavista, 5 km al E de Xalitzintla, [19.1°N, 98.55°W], 3300 m alt., 15 Feb 1988, P. Tenorio 15099 (MEXU [**]). Tlaxcala: Municipio Huamantla,  volcán La Malinche, 4200 m alt., 4 Nov 1988, R. Acosta 2556 (CIB, MEXU [*]); parte alta de La Malinche, [19.25666667°N, 98.02833333°W], 3500 m alt., 7 Oct 1993, R.  Hernández 96 (CIIDIR, MEXU). Veracruz: Municipio Perote,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.15139/lat 19.49639)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.15139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.49639">Cofre de Perote</a>
                 , 500 m al NO de la  estación de  televisión , [19.496389°N, 97.151389°W], 4030 m alt., 10 Sep 1992, B.V.  Hernández 66 (MEXU [*], CHAPA, CIB, XAL). See Suppl. material 2 for the full list of examined specimens  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/435EF88460DE538794D0DDE29B78E1F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
1F94286215D453C39B64BCE9C9965372.text	1F94286215D453C39B64BCE9C9965372.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis turrialbae Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18 (1 – 3): 4. 1922.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 19.  Agrostis turrialbae Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18(1-3): 4. 1922.</p>
            <p>Figs 4R, 30F, 38</p>
            <p> = Agrostis arcta Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29(9): 405. 1950. Type. Guatemala. Chimaltenango: moist roadside at Santa Elena, 17 Jul 1933, A.F. Skutch 422 (holotype: US (US00131720)). </p>
            <p> = Agrostis vesca Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29(9): 405. 1950. Type. Guatemala. Chimaltenango: moist roadside at Santa Elena, 17 Jul 1933, A.F. Skutch 420 (holotype: US (US00131129)). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Costa Rica. Cartago: plateau au field W du  Turrialba , 2600 m alt., 27 Jan 1884, H. Pittier 855 (holotype: B; isotypes: US (US 00131127, US04023770 [image!]))  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, caespitose. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Culms 13-32 cm long, erect, nodes 1-2, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly basal; sheaths 0.8-6.5(-10) cm long, usually longer than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 0.5-1.6 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices acute to rounded, erose or lacerate; blades 1-9 cm long, 0.2-0.5 mm wide, filiform, conduplicate to involute, rarely flat in the upper leaves, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles 3.8-10 cm long, 1.7-5(-8) cm wide, open, lax, ovate, exserted from the upper sheaths; branches ascending to spreading, rebranching about or slightly above mid-length, scaberulous, without spikelets near their base, inferior branches 0.7-2.5 cm long; pedicels 0.7-4 mm long, ascending to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets 1.5-2.4 mm long, purplish; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices acute, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.5-2.4 mm long, upper glume 1.4-2.3 mm long; callus pubescent, with 2 bunches of trichomes; lemmas 1.3-1.8 mm long, elliptic, apices entire, acute, sometimes irregularly toothed, 5-veined, veins prominent, unawned, rarely awned near the apices, awn ca. 0.2 mm long, straight; paleas absent or up to 0.2 mm long, veinless, glabrous; anthers 3, ca. 0.7 mm long. Caryopsis 1.5-2.2 mm elliptic; endosperm solid. 2n= unknown.</p>
            <p>Anatomy and micromorphology.</p>
            <p>Leaf blades v-shaped to involute in transversal section; adaxial furrows deep, narrow; adaxial ribs rounded to triangular; keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma present, abaxial; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 37C, D). Lemmas with transversal thickenings irregular to oblong, wider than the unthickened portion of the wall; prickle hairs present, abundant (Fig. 32F).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis turrialbae is distributed from central Mexico to Costa Rica. It has also been reported from Colombia and Venezuela (Luteyn 1999; Soreng and Peterson 2003). In the study zone, this species has been collected in the Mexican states of Chiapas,  México ,  Querétaro , Tlaxcala, and Veracruz, and the Guatemalan departments of Huehuetenango and San Marcos (Fig. 39A). It has also been reported from Hidalgo (  Sánchez-Ken 2019), but no specimens from this state were seen.  Agrostis turrialbae grows in open areas of temperate forests, with  Pinus and  Quercus , and alpine grasslands, between 1600-4240 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27G). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from June to February (Fig. 28G).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> Populations of this species from central Mexico have been confused with  A. subpatens by some authors (e.g., Acosta 2001; Vigosa-Mercado and  Ruiz-Sánchez 2020) (see the note under the description of that species).  Agrostis turrialbae is similar to  A. perennans sensu lato, and its identity has been put in doubt recently by Sylvester et al. (2020a). Both species share open panicles and unawned lemmas, as well as several lemma micromorphology characters. In the study zone, it has been found that the plants identified as  A. turrialbae are consistently different from  A. perennans , and are characterized by the small size of the plants, mostly basal leaves, leaf blades narrow and conduplicated to involute, with adaxial ribs rounded to triangular, with abaxial intercostal sclerenchyma, and purplish spikelets (vs. usually larger plants, usually basal and cauline leaves, but the basal ones often drying at anthesis, leaf blades wider and flat, with rounded adaxial ribs, without intercostal sclerenchyma, greenish to purplish spikelets in  A. perennans ). This species is scarcely different from  A. idahoensis , from the southern USA (see the note under the description of that species). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis turrialbae is a widespread species in the study zone. It is represented by 30 collections, with several populations occurring in six protected areas. The EOO is 183,426 km2 and the AOO is 84 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Representative specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Guatemala. Huehuetenango: Municipio Santa Eulalia, top of cerro  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.86726/lat 15.048245)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.86726&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.048245">Chemalito</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.86726/lat 15.048245)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.86726&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.048245">Sierra</a>
                 de los  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.86726/lat 15.048245)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.86726&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.048245">Cuchumatanes</a>
                 , 3.5 mi W of Santa Eulalia, [15.7822223°N, 91.5111111°W], 3100-3150 m alt., 2 Aug 1942, J.A. Steyermark 49905 (F, US). San Marcos: Municipio San Marcos, between San  Sebastián and summit of  Volcán Tajumulco, [15.04824546°N, 91.86726456°W, 3353 m alt.], 13 Feb 1940, J.A. Steyermark 35477 (F)  .   Mexico. Chiapas:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.33667/lat 15.419722)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.33667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.419722">Municipio Motozintla</a>
                 , near summit of cerro Mozotal., [15.419722°N, 92.336667°W], 2750 m alt., 24 Nov 1981, D.E. Breedlove and B.M. Bartholomew 55845 (MO)  .   México : Municipio Amecameca: ladera SW del  volcán Iztaccíhuatl , rumbo al primer  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.19152/lat 19.067286)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.19152&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.067286">Portillo</a>
                 , 19.13697222°N, 98.64898611°W, 4050 m alt., 8 Nov 2014, R.  Hernández and S. Villalobos 2057 (IEB, MEXU [**]).  Querétaro : Municipio  Colón , antena El Zamorano, [20.93305556°N, 100.1797222°W], 3355 m alt., 24 Nov 1981, A. Mora and J.  Ramírez 401-AMB (MEXU [*,**]). Municipio Landa, Lobo, [21.29275°N, 99.11930833°W], 1600 m alt., 24 Aug 1982, R.  Guzmán 5959 (MEXU [*, **]). Tlaxcala: Municipio Huamantla, ladera N del  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.19152/lat 19.067286)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.19152&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.067286">Volcan
La Malinche
</a>
                 , 19.23486111°N, 98.03338889°W, 4190 m alt., 29 Jun 2013, R.  Hernández-Cárdenas and L. Arredondo-Amezcua 1123 (IEB), 1929 (IEB). Veracruz: Municipio Calcahualco, La Cuchilla, camino al  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.19152/lat 19.067286)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.19152&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.067286">Pico de Orizaba</a>
                 , por Coscomatepec, [19.06728503°N, 97.19152382°W], 3160 m alt., 22 Jul 1982, R.  Guzmán 5847 (MEXU). See Suppl. material 2 for the full list of examined specimens  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F94286215D453C39B64BCE9C9965372	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
D216FC37FDB554FCBE59527D16F512E3.text	D216FC37FDB554FCBE59527D16F512E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrostis variabilis Rydb., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 32. 1900.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 20.  Agrostis variabilis Rydb., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 32. 1900.</p>
            <p>Fig. 4S, 30G, 40</p>
            <p> Agrostis varians Trin.,  Mém . Acad. Imp. Sci.  Saint-Pétersbourg ,  Sér . 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6,4(3-4): 314. 1841, nom. illeg. hom., non Thuillier 1799. Type: America borealis [Rocky Mountains?], J.D. Hooker T-217 (holotype: LE-TRIN; isotypes: MO (MO-992441 [image!], NY (NY327643 [image!], US (US00156511 [image!])). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Based on  Agrostis varians Trin. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Plants perennial, slender, usually caespitose, rarely rhizomatous. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Rhizomes if present, up to 2 cm long. Culms 10-45 cm long, erect, nodes 1-2, glabrous, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly basal; sheaths 0.8-6(-10) cm long, the lower ones longer than the internodes, the upper ones shorter, scaberulous; ligules 1-2.2 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices acute, erose to lacerate; blades 1-7 cm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, filiform, conduplicate to convolute, scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles 1.5-13 cm long, 0.2-0.7 cm wide, contracted, dense, spiciform, linear, sometimes interrupted at the base, sometimes partially included in the upper sheaths; branches appressed, rebranching from below mid-length, scaberulous, with spikelets near their base, inferior branches up to 1 cm long; pedicels 0.3-2.2 mm long, appressed, scaberulous. Spikelets 1.4-2 mm long, greenish to stramineous, often tinged with purpure; glumes subequal, lanceolate, apices acute, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.4-2 mm long, upper glume 1.3-1.9 mm long; callus glabrous; lemmas 1-1.4 mm long, elliptic, apices entire, acute, 5-veined, veins prominent distally, usually unawned, rarely awned above mid-length, awn up to 1 mm long, straight, not reaching the lemma apices; paleas absent; anthers 3, 0.3-0.6 mm long. Caryopsis 0.9-1.2 mm long, elliptic; endosperm solid. 2n= 28 (Harvey 2007).</p>
            <p>Anatomy. Leaf blades convolute to v-shaped in transversal section; adaxial furrows medium-sized to deep, narrow; adaxial ribs rounded to triangular: keel absent; first order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial sclerenchyma in strands or girders, narrowing towards the bundle, adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 37E, F). Lemmas with transversal thickenings irregular to oblong, wider than the unthickened portion of the wall; prickle hairs present, scarce (32G).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Agrostis variabilis is distributed from Alaska to the northern peninsula of Baja California, Mexico. In the study zone, it has been collected in the USA state of California, and the Mexican state of Baja California (Fig. 39B). This species has also been reported from Chihuahua (  Sánchez-Ken 2019), but no specimens from this state were seen.  Agrostis variabilis grows in open areas of temperate forests with  Pinus , between 2400-2639 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27H). </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Specimens with spikelets have been collected from July to September (Fig. 28H).</p>
            <p>Commentaries.</p>
            <p> It has been reported for other regions that the spikelets can reach 2.5 mm long (Harvey 2007). This species is often confused with the smaller forms of  A. exarata , but differs from them in the mostly basal leaves, with filiform and convolute to involute leaf blades, 0.5-1 mm wide (vs. basal and cauline leaves, leaf blades linear, flat, 1.5-4(-8) mm wide in  A. exarata ). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Agrostis variabilis is apparently a rare species in the study zone. It is represented by six collections, with its populations occurring in two protected areas. The EOO is 1,621 km2 and the AOO is 16 km2. Following the IUCN criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Endangered (EN). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Mexico. Baja California: Municipio Ensenada, Sierra San Pedro  Mártir , fairly common in dry meadow W of Vallecitos, 31.01089°N, 115.49504°W, 2450 m alt., 23 Aug 1968, R. Moran 15395 (SD [*,**], UC); common on gravelly arroyo bank, Tasajera, ca. 3 km NW of Los Llanitos, 30.98333°N, 115.44167°W, 2500 m alt., 3 Sep 1979, R. Moran 28010 (SD); Sierra San Pedro  Mártir , fairly common in arroyo,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.557/lat 31.01292)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.01292">Jeffrey Pine forest</a>
                 , Yerba Buena, 31.01292°N, 115.48002°W, 2475 m alt., 16 Aug 1967, R. Moran and R.F. Thorne 14157 (SD). Sierra San Pedro  Mártir , 25 Sep 1982, A. Preciado 299 (MEXU [*,**]); Sierra San Pedro  Mártir , campground and main gate area, 31N, 115.557W, 2461 m alt., 14 Jul 2013, S. Ratay et al. 235 (SD)  .   USA. California: Riverside County, Mt. San Jacinto State Park, N side of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.64119/lat 33.80022)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.64119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.80022">Hidden Lake</a>
                 , 33.80022°N, 116.64119°W, 2639 m alt., 12 Jul 1999, L. Hendrickson 10430 (BSCA)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D216FC37FDB554FCBE59527D16F512E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis;Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso;Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O.;Eguiarte, Luis E.	Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Alvarado Cardenas, Leonardo O., Eguiarte, Luis E. (2023): Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230: 157-256, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
