taxonID	type	description	language	source
1F03361CB84A5821AA113CFAA248A60E.taxon	description	Figs 2 A-J, 4 E-H, 15 C, 16 B (Japanese name: tsuzupisuki-horahimegumo ツヅピスキホラヒメグモ)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
1F03361CB84A5821AA113CFAA248A60E.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined. Japan: Miyako-jima Is.: 1 juv., Nakabari, Nakabari Limestone Cave (仲原鍾乳洞), 24.73384 ° N, 125.37610 ° E, 29. Dec. 2021, R. Miyata leg. (FBPC).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
1F03361CB84A5821AA113CFAA248A60E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word for the color white (albus, adjective) referring to the whitish coloration of the species.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
1F03361CB84A5821AA113CFAA248A60E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species is similar to H. mogera and to the troglobitic species H. rongtangensis (Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016) from Hainan Island, H. subterranea sp. nov., and N. occulta sp. nov. Male of H. alba sp. nov. can be distinguished from male of H. mogera and H. rongtangensis by the different shape of the larger paracymbium (P) bearing a longer, slimmer, and sharper distal process (Di) (vs slimmer P with a shorter, larger, and blunter Di in H. mogera and H. rongtangensis) (Figs 2 A-D, 4 E-G cf. Figs 1 A-D, 4 A-C and Lin et al. 2016: fig. 44 A, B, D). Female of the new species are distinguished from female of H. mogera, H. subterranea sp. nov., and N. occulta sp. nov. by the larger and stockier scapus (Sc) with a slightly rounded posterior margin (vs slimmer Sc with a flat posterior margin in H. mogera, a longer Sc with a wider lobated tip in H. subterranea sp. nov., and a slimmer, tongue-like Sc ending with a strongly concave tip in N. occulta sp. nov.) (Figs 2 E-G, 4 H cf. Figs 1 E-G, 3 D, E, 4 D, 11 C, D, 13 E, F).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
1F03361CB84A5821AA113CFAA248A60E.taxon	description	Description of male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 2 H. Total length 1.88. Prosoma 0.94 long, 0.83 wide. Carapace uniformly pale yellowish. Eyes completely degenerated and reduced to white maculae. Cervical groove and fovea indistinct. Chelicerae brownish. Labium, maxillae, and sternum of the same pale color as carapace. Legs uniformly pale yellowish. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Legs measurements as follows: I 6.17 (1.61, 0.47, 1.60, 1.72, 0.77), II 4.71 (1.32, 0.39, 1.20, 1.18, 0.62), III 3.89 (1.11, 0.31, 0.95, 1.02, 0.50), IV 5.17 (1.50, 0.37, 1.34, 1.31, 0.65). Opisthosoma uniformly greyish-yellow, covered with long, sparse hairs. Male palp as in Figs 2 A-D, 4 E-G. Cymbium relatively elongated, covered with thin sparse setae, bearing some thicker setae on the distal-prolateral margin (Fig. 2 D). Paracymbium with a single distinctly sclerotized, stocky distal process (Di), slightly elongated near the tip and a single sharp, spine-like ventral process (Ve) (Figs 2 A-D, 4 E-G). Embolus (E) long and filiform, origin of embolus positioned at ~ 6: 00 o'clock on radix (Rx). Radical apophysis (Ra) broad, with a granulate surface. Conductor with 3 distinct processes (Cp, Cr, Cm) and a half-transparent distal lobe (Cl). Prolateral process of the conductor (Cp) flat, ribbon-like and headed counterclockwise, wrapped around embolus. Retrolateral process of conductor (Cr) wide and thick, curved internally, with a broadened, flat central part. Median process of conductor (Cm) stout, horn-like, strongly sclerotized bearing a smaller, stout ventral process. (Figs 2 A-C, 4 E, F).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
1F03361CB84A5821AA113CFAA248A60E.taxon	description	Description of female (one of the paratypes). Habitus as in Figs 2 I, 15 C. Total length 2.3. Prosoma 1.09 long, 0.92 wide. Cephalic area as in Fig. 2 J. Coloration and other details as in male. Legs measurements as follows: I 6.56 (1.83, 0.50, 1.74, 1.67, 0.82), II 5.09 (1.46, 0.42, 1.27, 1.22, 0.72), III 4.09 (1.31, 0.36, 0.90, 0.92, 0.60), IV 5.46 (1.65, 0.45, 1.42, 1.27, 0.67). Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 2 E-G, 4 H. Scapus (Sc) short and stumpy, approximately as long as wide, ending with a slightly rounded posterior margin (Figs 2 E, F, 4 H). Copulatory opening (Co) at the inner-lateral sides of scapus. Internal ducts slightly visible through the transparent tegument, shaped as a narrow V. Copulatory ducts (Cd) short and thick, slightly divergent to each other, slightly twisted in the inner trait with 1 coil, curving outward and then inward before reaching the spermathecae. Insemination ducts (Id) thin, coiled around the Cd). Spermathecae (S) small and rounded, separated from each other by ~ 2 x their diameter (Fig. 2 G).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
1F03361CB84A5821AA113CFAA248A60E.taxon	description	Size variation. Female (based on 5 specimens): total length: 2.00 - 2.67, prosoma length: 1.05 - 1.12, prosoma width: 0.92 - 0.97.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
1F03361CB84A5821AA113CFAA248A60E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Miyako-jima Is., Ryukyus, Japan (Fig. 16 B).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8.taxon	description	Figs 1 A-J, 4 A-D, 15 A, 16 C, D (Japanese name: chibi-horahimegumoチビホラヒメグモ)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan: Honshu Is.: Miyagi Pref.: 1 ♀, Tome-gun, Lake Izunuma, 20. July. 1986, A. Tanikawa leg. (MNHAH); 6 ♂, 4 ♀, Tamatukuri-gun, Naruko-cho, Myousada, 7 - 10. May. 1996, K. Kumada leg. (NMST-Ar. 3587); Akita Pref.: 1 ♀, Akita-shi, Shimokitateyanagitate, Kagawa, 21. Nov. 2005, A. Fukushima leg. (NSMT-Ar. 20405, identified as N. brevipes); Yamagata Pref.: 1 ♀, Tsuruoka-shi, Oyama, 38.75628 ° N, 139.76331 ° E, 26. Aug. 2019, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); Tochigi Pref.: 1 ♂ Tochigi-shi, Fujoka-machi, Uchino, Watarase-Yusuichi, 36.2353 ° N, 139.6574 ° E, Alt.: 20 m, 2. Apr. 2022, N. Kikuchi leg. (FBPC); Tokyo Pref.: 1 ♂ (holotype), Tamagawa, 3. Feb. 1969, H. Kobayashi leg. (NMST-Ar. 73); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Hachioji-shi, Minami-Osawa, Tokyo Metropolitan University campus, litter under bushes, 35.6245 ° N, 139.3863 ° E, 22. Sep. 2020, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Hachijo-jima Is.: 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Okago, Hachijo Botanical Park, forest litter, 33.11044 ° N, 139.78432 ° E, 03. May. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Kanagawa Pref.: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Kawasaki-shi, Nakahara-ku, Kasugi-cho, Dec. 1984 (exact date unknown), H. Ono leg. (NMST-Ar. 893); 2 ♀, Yokohama-shi, Maioka park, 6. July. 1986, A. Tanikawa leg. (MNHAH); Nagano Pref.: 2 ♀, Ueda-shi, 8. Sep. 1998, Y. Fujisawa leg. (NMST-Ar. 6965); 3 ♀, Kamiina-gun, Ijima-cho, 35.67049 ° N, 137.91159 ° E, 09. Sep. 2019, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); Shizuoka Pref.: 1 ♀ (Paratype), Tenryu-shi, Mar. 1970 (exact date unknown), H. Kobayashi leg. (NMST-Ar. 74); 1 ♀, Hamamatsu-shi, Kita Ward, Inasacho Okuyama, 34.85102 ° N, 137.62569 ° E, under grass tuffs in a paddy field, 30. Sep. 2019, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Fukui Pref: 1 ♀, Tsuruga-shi, Nagatani, under grass tuffs in a paddy field, 35.60836 ° N, 136.03872 ° E, 3. Oct. 2019, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Mie Pref: 1 ♀, Iga-shi, Otani, under grass tuffs in a paddy field, 34.79919 ° N, 136.13501 ° E, 7. Oct. 2019, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Kumamoto Pref.: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Tamana-gun, Gyokutou-machi, Harakura, Yamakitasho-no-ana cave (山北小の穴), 20. May. 1984, T. Irie leg. (NMST-Ar. 16065); Kagoshima Pref.: 1 ♀, Minami Kyushu-shi, Kawabe-cho, 26. Feb. 2007, K. Iohii (?) leg. (NMST-Ar. 14585); Yakushima Is.: 1 ♂, Anbo, 207 m, broadleaf forest litter on a gentle slope 30.28458 ° N, 130.61799 ° E, 24. Sep. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Suwanosejima Is.: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Otohime-no-dokutsu cave, 8. Jul. 2022, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); Amami-Ōshima Is.: 1 ♂, Amami-shi, Kasarichō Ōaza Kise, 2 m, at the base of tufts of grass on a sandy seashore, 28.46221 ° N, 129.65013 ° E, 13. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Okinawa Pref.: Okinawa-Honto Is.: 1 ♀, Naha-shi, Sueyoshi park, 70 m, humid broadleaves litter under trees, 26.22840 ° N, 127.71508 ° E, 21. Nov. 2020, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); 1 ♂, 4 ♀, Nakagami-gun, Yomitan-son, Namihira, Shimuku Gama cave (シムクガマ), Alt.: 72 m, large and long cave with a creek, 26.40242 ° N, 127.73125 ° E, 15. May. 2022, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Aka-jima Is.: 3 ♀, 17. Mar. 2022, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); Kume-jima Is.: 1 ♂, Shimajiri-gun, Gima, Nameless Beach, under vegetation on a sandy seashore, 26.32681 ° N, 126.77002 ° E, Alt.: 3 m, 17. May. 2022, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Miyako-jima Is.: 1 ♀, Nobaru Ueno, Pinza-Abu cave (ピンザアブ 洞穴), 57 m, long and muddy cave, dark zone, 24.74853 ° N, 125.33443 ° E, 13. Nov. 2020, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Ishigaki-jima Is.: 4 ♀, Tonoshiro, Fukubukuīza Daiichi-do cave (フクブクイ ーザー 第 1 洞), 66 m, long and humid cave with a small creek, 24.36533 ° N, 124.17721 ° E, 9. Nov. 2020, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); 4 ♀, same locality, 11. Nov. 2020, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Yonaguni-jima Is.: 1 ♀, Irizaki, under stones in a meadow near the seashore, 24.44499 ° N, 122.9411 ° E, 30 m a. s. l., 4. Mar. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is closely related to H. alba sp. nov. and H. subterranea sp. nov. from which it can be easily distinguished by the presence of pigmentation and well-developed eyes (vs pigmentation and eyes lacking in both the other species) (Fig. 1 H-J cf. Figs 2 H-J, 3 A-C). Males of H. mogera can also be separated from males of H. alba sp. nov. by the thinner paracymbium (P) and the more squared and stockier distal process of paracymbium (Di) (vs wider P and longer and slightly sharper Di in H. alba sp. nov.) (Figs 1 A, B, D, 4 A-C cf. Figs 2 A, B, D, 4 E-G). Females of H. mogera are distinguished from females of H. alba sp. nov. and H. subterranea sp. nov. by the shape of scapus (Sc), rectangular and with a flat posterior margin (vs stockier and larger Sc in H. alba sp. nov. or longer and distally dilatated Sc in H. subterranea sp. nov., both having a rounded posterior margin) (Figs 1 E-G, 4 D cf. Figs 2 E-G, 3 D, E, 4 H, 13 E). See also Lin et al. (2016) for the diagnosis of H. mogera with other congeners of the same species group.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8.taxon	description	Size variation. Male (based on 5 specimens): total length: 1.89 - 2.02, prosoma length: 0.84 - 1.07, prosoma width: 0.76 - 0.85. Female (based on 10 specimens): total length: 2.08 - 2.88, prosoma length: 0.96 - 1.15; prosoma width: female: 0.87 - 0.96.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. East Asia (from South China to Korea and Japan). Introduced to Europe, Azerbaijan, and several oceanic islands (Hawaii, Fiji, Reunion, St. Helena, etc.). Although it is likely that H. mogera is naturally distributed in Asia, its precise center of origin, as well as the time and mode of its dispersion outside the Asian continent, are still unstudied. In Japan the species is widespread along the whole country in both mainland Japan and the Ryukyus (Fig. 16 C, D).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A35A96E4C38B58869857DC213176118F.taxon	description	Figs 3 A-E, 13 E, 16 B (Japanese name: kaiken-horahimegumo カイケンホラヒメグモ)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A35A96E4C38B58869857DC213176118F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ♀ Holotype: Japan: Kagoshima Pref.: Okinoerabu-jima Is.: 1 ♀, Kaikendo cave (海見洞), 3. May. 2004 H. Tamura leg. (NSMT-Ar 25253).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A35A96E4C38B58869857DC213176118F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after the Latin adjective subterraneus (= underground, subterranean). It refers to the troglobitic lifestyle of this species.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A35A96E4C38B58869857DC213176118F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is similar to H. mogera and the other troglobiont species H. alba sp. nov. and N. occulta sp. nov. Howaia subterranea sp. nov. can be distinguished from these species by the different shape of the epigyne, having curved internal ducts (vs straight ducts in the other three species), and a longer scapus (Sc) with an enlarged tip (vs a shorter and more rectangular Sc with a flat distal margin in H. mogera, a shorter and stockier Sc in H. alba sp. nov., and a shorter, tongue-like Sc in N. occulta sp. nov., all of them lacking a clearly enlarged tip) (Figs 3 D, E, 13 E cf. Figs 1 E-G, 2 E-G, 4 D, H). In addition, the new species can be easily distinguished from H. mogera and the other Japanese species by the lack of eyes and pigmentation (vs present in the other troglophilic congeners).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A35A96E4C38B58869857DC213176118F.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 3 A, C. Total length 2.65. Prosoma 1.20 long, 0.93 wide. Carapace piriform, uniformly pale yellowish. Eyes strongly degenerated, reduced to white maculae (Fig. 3 B). Cervical groove and fovea indistinct. Chelicerae uniformly brownish. Labium, maxillae, and sternum pale yellowish as carapace. Legs uniformly pale yellowish. Legs measurements (leg III missing): I 6.73 (1.95, 0.46, 1.82, 1.65, 0.85), II 5.24 (1.56, 0.45, 1.29, 1.22, 0.72), III (-), IV 5.75 (1.76, 0.46, 1.54, 1.32, 0.67). Opisthosoma uniformly greyish, covered by long, sparse hairs. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 3 D, E, 13 E. Scapus (Sc) elongated antero-posteriorly, ~ 2 x longer than wide, ending with an enlarged, lobated tip (Figs 3 D, 13 E). Copulatory opening (Co) at the inner-lateral sides of scapus. Internal ducts slightly visible through the transparent tegument, shaped as a narrow curly bracket. Copulatory ducts (Cd) bent in middle trait, first trait slightly curved outward then curving anteriorly before reaching spermathecae (Figs 3 D, E, 13 E). Insemination ducts (Id) thin, coiled around the copulatory ducts. Spermathecae (S) small and rounded, separated from each other by ~ 2.5 x their diameter (Fig. 3 D, E). Male. Unknown.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A35A96E4C38B58869857DC213176118F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Okinoerabu-jima Island. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 16 B).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
0131E74315475FFF91478ADB3F1A7D01.taxon	description	Figs 5 A-J, 7 A-D, 16 A (Japanese name: ko-horahimegumo コホラヒメグモ)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
0131E74315475FFF91478ADB3F1A7D01.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan: Honshu Is.: Wakayama Pref.: 1 ♀, Higashimuro-gun, Kushimoto, 23. Aug. 1993, A. Tanikawa leg. (FBPC); Shiga Pref.: 1 ♀, Koga, Shigaraki-cho, Miyajiri, 28. Jun. 2022, M. Yoshida leg. (FBPC); 1 ♀, Otsu, Sakamoto, 23. Jul. 2022, M. Yoshida leg. (FBPC); Shikoku Is.: Tokushima Pref: 2 ♀, Tokushima, Nyūtachō, Konji, Konjiji temple (建治寺), narrow and dry tunnel in the cliff near the temple, 34.02769 ° N, 134.42923 ° E, 13. May. 2019, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Kochi Pref.: 1 ♀ (holotype), Kami, Tosayamadacho Sakakawa, Ryuga-dō cave (龍河洞), 11. Apr. 1970, S. Ueno leg. (NMST-Ar. 75); 1 ♂ (paratype), same data and locality (NMST-Ar. 76); Kyushu Is.: Saga Pref.: 1 ♀, Fujicho, 31. Jul. 2005, A. Tanikawa leg. (MNHAH); Kumamoto Pref.: 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Aso-gun, Aso-machi, Kikuchi Keikoku gorge, 8. Aug. 2003, T. Irie leg. (NSMT-Ar. 5689); same locality, 11. Jul. 2004, T. Irie leg. (NSMT-Ar. 5713); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Kami-mashiki-gun, Tonochi-machi, Kashiwagawa, 23. May. 2004, T. Irie leg. (NMST-Ar. 5728, identified as H. mogera); 1 ♀, Kuma-gun, Itsuki-mura, Otaki, 13. May. 2004, T. Irie leg. (NMST-Ar. 5721); Ōita Pref.: 2 ♀, Ōita-shi, Ochi Shimohetsugi, Ōzuru-doukustu-iseki cave (尾津留洞窟遺跡), 38 m large and rather dry cave, 33.16747 ° N, 131.67679 ° E, 17. Mar. 2019, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Kagoshima Pref.: 2 ♀, Minami Kyushu-shi, Kawabe-cho, 26. Feb. 2007, K. Ishii leg. (NMST-Ar. 14585, identified as H. mogera); 1 ♀, Minamisatsuma-shi, Kasasa-cho; 9. Dec. 2007, K. Ishii leg. (NSMT-Ar. 14513).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
0131E74315475FFF91478ADB3F1A7D01.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is closely related to N. terrestris and N. silvicola. Male of N. brevipes can be distinguished from male of the latter two species by the presence of two distal processes of paracymbium (Di-I-II), a sharper radical apophysis (Ra), and a thinner median process of conductor (Cm) (vs a single, sharper Di, a stockier Ra, and a thicker Cm in N. terrestris and N. silvicola). (Figs 5 A-D, 7 A-C cf. Figs 6 A-D, 7 E-G, 8 A-D, 10 A-C). In addition, the origin of the embolus (E) from the radix is located in a different position than in N. terrestris (4: 30 o'clock in N. brevipes vs 6: 00 o'clock in N. terrestris) (Figs 5 A, 7 A cf. Figs 6 A, 7 E). Female of N. brevipes can be separated from female of N. terrestris and N. silvicola by the slimmer scapus (Sc), approximately as long as wide, usually with a more rounded posterior margin (vs a larger Sc, ~ 1.5 - 2.0 x wider than long, having a flatter posterior margin in N. terrestris and N. silvicola) (Figs 5 E, F, 7 D cf. Figs 6 E, F, 7 H, 8 E, F, 10 D). In addition, N. brevipes shows wider spermathecae (S) than the diameter of the copulatory ducts (Cd) (vs same diameter of Cd in N. terrestris and N. silvicola) and internal ducts with a more convoluted and irregular trend (vs more straight ducts in N. terrestris or strongly bent in the middle in N. silvicola both with less clear coils). (Figs 5 E-G cf. Figs 6 E-G, 8 E-G). In addition, N. brevipes is generally smaller is size than N. terrestris (females 1.76 - 2.50 vs 2.31 - 3.30, see also Fig. 17 A, B).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
0131E74315475FFF91478ADB3F1A7D01.taxon	description	Size variation. Male (based on 3 specimens): total length: 1.94 - 2.31, prosoma length: 1.02 - 1.17, prosoma width: 0.87 - 0.99. Female (based on 10 specimens): total length: 1.76 - 2.50, prosoma length: 0.90 - 1.15, prosoma width: 0.81 - 0.99.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
0131E74315475FFF91478ADB3F1A7D01.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu, western Honshu?), China? (Fig. 16 A). The easternmost limit of this species in Japan seems to be located in the Kansai area where it apparently overlaps with the distribution of N. terrestris (Fig. 16 A). The precise boundaries between these two species remain unclear. All samples and published drawings of N. brevipes from China, Korea, and Russian Far East checked by us refer to different species of Nesticella. In lack of clear records, the presence of this species outside Japan remains unconfirmed although it seems unlikely. See also " remarks on misidentifications " for additional information.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
AE62E4054D2452F5898E4D62E5832E7E.taxon	description	Figs 9 A-J, 10 E-H, 16 B (Japanese name: donan-horahimegumo ドナンホラヒメグモ)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
AE62E4054D2452F5898E4D62E5832E7E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ♂ Holotype: Japan: Okinawa Pref., Yonaguni-jima Is.: Mantabaru Forest Park (満田原森林公園), 54 m, humid forest litter in a narrow valley, 24.45652 ° N, 122.97692 ° E, 3. Mar. 2021, K. Eguchi leg. (NSMT-Ar 25257). Paratypes: 4 ♀, same locality and date as the holotype, K. Eguchi leg. (NSMT-Ar 25258); 5 ♀, same locality and date, 112 m, 24.45678 ° N, 122.97675 ° E, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
AE62E4054D2452F5898E4D62E5832E7E.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined. 1 ♂ subad., same locality and date as the holotype, 115 m, humid forest litter, 24.45660 ° N, 122.97584 ° E, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); 1 ♀ subad., 54 m, humid forest litter in a small valley near route 216, 24.44740 ° N, 122.96827 ° E, 04. Mar. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
AE62E4054D2452F5898E4D62E5832E7E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective insulanus (= islander). It refers to the distribution of the species, limited to the island of Yonaguni-jima.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
AE62E4054D2452F5898E4D62E5832E7E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species is closely related to Nesticella odonta (Chen, 1984) from Zhajinag Province, China. Male of the new species can be distinguished from male of N. odonta by the wider distal process I of paracymbium (Di-I), the smaller and blunter distal process II (Di-II), and by the more curved ventral process II (vs thinner and sharper Di-I, wider Di-II, and straighter Ve-II in N. odonta) (Figs 9 A, B, D, 10 E-G cf. Lin et al. 2016: figs 24 A, B, D). Female of N. insulana sp. nov. can be separated from female of N. odonta by the narrower, longer, and more arrow-like scapus (Sc) of the epigyne (vs wider, more trapezoidal, and shorter scapus in N. odonta) (Figs 9 E-G, 10 H cf. Lin et al. 2016: fig. 25 E-G). The general shape of genitalia in both male and female allows to easily discern N. insulana sp. nov. from all the other Japanese congeners of the N. brevipes group.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
AE62E4054D2452F5898E4D62E5832E7E.taxon	description	Description of male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 9 H. Total length 1.81. Prosoma 0.91 long, 0.83 wide. Carapace rounded, yellowish with darker areas around borders and central area. Cervical groove and fovea distinct. Eyes well developed. Eyes measurements: AME = 0.05, ALE = 0.08, PME = 0.08, PLE = 0.08, AME-ALE = 0.04, ALE-PLE = 0.01. Chelicerae, labium, maxillae, and sternum of same color as carapace. Legs yellowish often with dark annulations on femur, and tibia. Legs measurements as follows: I 5.98 (1.65, 0.43, 1.58, 1.59, 0.73), II 4.35 (1.25, 0.31, 1.13, 1.06, 0.60), III 3.33 (0.98, 0.36, 0.70, 0.76, 0.53), IV 4.67 (1.43, 0.33, 1.19, 1.04, 0.68). Opisthosoma greyish with large dark marks on dorsal and lateral sides. Male palp as in Figs 9 A-D, 10 E-G. Cymbium relatively short, 4 - 6 thicker setae on distal-prolateral margin (Fig. 9 D). Paracymbium with 2 distal processes (Di-I, II) and 2 flat, lobated ventral processes (Ve-I-II): distal process I (Di-I) wide and lobated, hook-like when observed laterally, with tip headed ventral-retrolaterally; distal process II (Di-II) short and blunt, headed frontally; ventral process I (Ve-I) shorter, headed anteriorly; ventral process II (Ve-II) long and curved, headed antero-retrolaterally (Figs 9 A-D, 10 E-I Embolus (E) long and filiform, origin of embolus positioned at ~ 4: 00 o'clock on radix (Rx). Radical apophysis (Ra) strongly sclerotized, triangular, and sharp, ending with a pointed tip. Conductor with 3 distinct processes (Cp, Cr, Cm) and a half-transparent distal lobe (Cl). Prolateral process of conductor (Cp) flat, ribbon-like, headed counter-clockwise, wrapped around embolus. Retrolateral process of conductor (Cr) wide and thick, curved inside, bearing a small sclerotized apophysis (Ca). Median process of conductor (Cm) strongly sclerotized, thin, spine-like ribbon-like, with a ribbon-like lobe wrapped around its prolateral side. (Figs 9 A-C, 10 E, F).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
AE62E4054D2452F5898E4D62E5832E7E.taxon	description	Description of female (one of the paratypes). Habitus as in Fig. 9 I. Total length 2.05. Prosoma 0.91 long, 0.84 wide. Cephalic area as in Fig. 9 J. Carapace piriform. Eyes measurements: AME = 0.05, ALE = 0.07, PME = 0.08, PLE = 0.08, AME-ALE = 0.04, ALE-PLE = 0.01. Coloration and other details as in male. Legs measurements as follows: I 5.45 (1.61, 0.45, 1.41, 1.33, 0.65), II 3.98 (1.19, 0.41, 0.93, 0.89, 0.56), III 3.04 (0.88, 0.34, 0.67, 0.64, 0.51), IV 4.29 (1.39, 0.40, 1.09, 0.92, 0.49). Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 9 E-G, 10 H. Scapus (Sc) short and stumpy, arrow-like, ~ 2 x wider than long, with sloped borders and narrower, slightly rounded tip (Figs 9 E, F, 10 H). Copulatory opening (Co) at the inner-lateral sides of scapus. Internal ducts slightly visible through the transparent tegument, shaped as curly bracket. Copulatory ducts (Cd) thick, strongly bent in middle trait, curving first laterally and then anteriorly before reaching spermathecae. Insemination ducts thin, coiled around copulatory ducts. Spermathecae (S) small and rounded, separated from each other by ~ 1.5 x their diameter (Fig. 9 G).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
AE62E4054D2452F5898E4D62E5832E7E.taxon	description	Size variation. Female (based on 5 specimens): total length 1.90 - 2.57, prosoma length: 0.82 - 1.05, prosoma width: 0.78 - 0.93.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
AE62E4054D2452F5898E4D62E5832E7E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Yonaguni-jima Is., western Ryukyus. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 16 B).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
13C2D1DCD3E0540CB9D33C3AB2B08F6B.taxon	description	Figs 11 A-E; 13 F, 15 D, 16 B (Japanese name: kakure-horahimegumo カクレホラヒメグモ)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
13C2D1DCD3E0540CB9D33C3AB2B08F6B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ♀ Holotype: Japan: Okinawa Pref.: Ishigaki-jima Is.: Kabira, Kabirano-ana cave (川平の穴), long and superficial cave with many rocks, in the dark zone of the cave, 24.47384 ° N, 124.13416 ° E, 20. Sep. 2022, F. Ballarin leg. (NSMT-Ar 25259). Paratypes: 1 ♀, same locality as the holotype, 1. Apr. 2019, K. Uchida leg. (NSMT-Ar 25260); 1 ♀, same locality, 2. Jan. 2022, K. Uchida leg. (RMUF); 2 ♀, same locality and date as the holotype, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
13C2D1DCD3E0540CB9D33C3AB2B08F6B.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined. 1 ♂ subad., same locality as the holotype, 16. Oct. 2020; 1 ♂ subad., same locality, 2. Jan. 2022; 1 ♂ subad., same locality, 28. Mar. 2022, all K. Uchida leg. (RMUF).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
13C2D1DCD3E0540CB9D33C3AB2B08F6B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name derives from the Latin adjective occultus (= hidden, secret). It refers to the troglobitic lifestyle and rarity of the species, hidden in the deep recess of a single cave in Ishigaki-jima Is.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
13C2D1DCD3E0540CB9D33C3AB2B08F6B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species closely related to N. kaohsiungensis Lin, Ballarin & Li, 2016 from Taiwan. The new species can be easily distinguished from N. kaohsiungensis by the strongly reduced eyes and the lack of pigmentation and pattern on the opisthosoma (vs eyes well-developed, clear pattern on the opisthosoma and pigmentation present in N. kaohsiungensis) (Fig. 11 A, B cf. Lin et al. 2016: fig. 69 A, C). In addition, the female of this species can be distinguished from the female of N. kaohsiungensis by the different shape of scapus, lacking a lobated tip (vs ending with a lobated tip in the latter species) (Figs 11 C, D, 13 F cf. Lin et al. 2016: fig. 69 E, F).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
13C2D1DCD3E0540CB9D33C3AB2B08F6B.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 11 A, 15 D. Total length 2.48. Prosoma 1.08 long, 0.93 wide. Carapace piriform, uniformly pale yellowish. Cephalic area as in Fig. 11 B. Eyes completely degenerated. Cervical groove and fovea indistinct. Chelicerae uniformly brownish. Labium, maxillae, and sternum pale yellowish as carapace. Legs uniformly pale yellowish. Legs measurements: I 6.36 (2.18, 0.47, 1.48, 1.46, 0.77), II 6.13 (1.97, 0.45, 1.60, 1.42, 0.69), III 4.36 (1.43, 0.38, 0.95, 0.90, 0.70), IV 6.02 (1.94, 0.46, 1.54, 1.32, 0.76). Opisthosoma uniformly greyish, covered by long, sparse hairs. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 11 C-E, 13 F. Scapus (Sc) long and protruding, tongue-like, ~ 2 x longer than wide, ending with a rounded tip (Figs 11 C, D, 13 F). Copulatory opening (Co) at the inner-lateral sides of scapus. Internal ducts slightly visible through the transparent tegument, V shaped. Copulatory ducts (Cd) short and straight, strongly diverging from each other (Figs 11 C-E, 13 F) distal trait coiled, reaching spermathecae with 1 coil. Insemination ducts (Id) thin, coiled around the copulatory ducts. Spermathecae (S) small and rounded, separated from each other by ~ 2.5 x their diameter (Fig. 11 E). Male. Unknown.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
13C2D1DCD3E0540CB9D33C3AB2B08F6B.taxon	description	Size variation. (based on 4 females) Total length: 1.75 - 2.48, prosoma length: 1.06 - 1.10, width: 0.92 - 0.94 wide.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
13C2D1DCD3E0540CB9D33C3AB2B08F6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ishigaki-jima Island. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 16 B).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A74275A7B1BF5C1598CA279FCA285E09.taxon	description	Figs 12 A-J, 13 A-D, 15 E, 16 B (Japanese name: okinawa-horahimegumo オキナワホラヒメグモ)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A74275A7B1BF5C1598CA279FCA285E09.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan: Kagoshima Pref.: Amami-Ōshima Is.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Amami-shi, Naze, forest litter, 15. Mar. 2020, R. Serita leg. (FBPC); Okinoerabu-jima Is.: 1 ♀, Murauchi Shindō cave (村内新洞), 4. May. 2004, H. Tamura leg. (MNHAH); 1 ♀, China-cho, Ginsuido cave (銀水洞), 27. Apr. 2004, H. Tamura leg. (MNHAH); Okinawa Pref.: Okinawa-honto Is.: 2 ♀, Kunigami-gun, Motobu-cho, Izumi, 216 m, forest litter along the road, 26.63968 ° N, 127.93916 ° E, 17. Nov. 2020; 1 ♀, Kunigami-son, Yona, Yambaru Park, 185 m, humid forest litter, 26.74755 ° N, 128.22347 ° E, 25. Feb. 2021; 1 ♂, 10 ♀, same locality, 132 m, 26.75168 ° N, 128.22227 ° E, 28. Feb. 2021; 2 ♀, same locality, 206 m, 26.74536 ° N, 128.22545 ° E, 28. Feb. 2021; 2 ♀, same locality, 55 m, 2 6.75803 ° N, 128.22167 ° E, 01. Mar. 2021, all F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Ogimi-son, Okuni-rindo Pass, 7. Mar. 2020, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); Kume-jima Is.: 2 ♀, Shimajiri-gun, Maja, 95 m, litter in a broadleaf forest, 26.34819 ° N, 126.80254 ° E, 18. May. 2022, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); 1 ♀, Uegusuku, 263 m, litter in a broadleaf forest, 26.37577 ° N, 126.76990 ° E, 18. May. 2022, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A74275A7B1BF5C1598CA279FCA285E09.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male of Nesticella okinawaensis can be distinguished from male of other Japanese congeners by the short and stocky beak-like median process of conductor (Cm) with a long ventral process (vs a longer, smaller, or thinner Cm, with a smaller or lacking ventral process in other species), by the presence of a long, lobated distal apophysis on the retrolateral process of conductor (Ca) (vs small Ca in N. silvicola sp. nov. or lacking in other species), and by the shape of paracymbium having an elongated distal process I (Di-I) and a lobated and complex distal process II (Di-II) (vs a shorter Di-I, and a missing, simpler, smaller or thinner Di-II in other species) (Figs 12 A-D, 13 A-C cf. Figs 1 A-D, 2 A-D, 4 A-C, E-G, 5 A-D, 6 A-D, 7 A-C, E-G, 8 A-D, 9 A-D, 10 A-C, E-G). Female of N. okinawaensis is easily distinguished from female of other Japanese species by the shape of the internal copulatory ducts (Cd), thin and convoluted (vs thicker and less convoluted Cd in other species) (Figs 12 E-G, 13 D cf. Figs 1 E-G, 2 E-G, 3 D, E, 4 D, H, 5 E-G, 6 E-G, 7 D, H, 8 E-G, 9 E-G, 10 D, H, 11 C-E, 13 E, F).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A74275A7B1BF5C1598CA279FCA285E09.taxon	description	Size variation. Male (based on 3 males) Total length: 1.85 - 1.89, prosoma length: 1.01 - 1.02, width: 0.88 - 0.90. Female (based on 8 females) Total length: 1.68 - 2.07, prosoma length: 0.88 - 0.92, width: 0.79 - 0.81.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
A74275A7B1BF5C1598CA279FCA285E09.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nesticella okinawaensis is distributed in the islands forming the Central Ryukyu arc (Fig. 16 B). The new records for Amami-Ōshima and Okinoerabu-jima islands herein reported extend the known distribution of this species ~ 200 km to the North-East. Currently, N. okinawaensis is recorded from the islands of Amami-Ōshima, Okinoerabu-jima, Okinawa-honto, and Kume-jima (Yaginuma 1979; Tanikawa and Sasaki 1999; and this work) but its presence in other minor islands of the Central Ryukyu is also probable.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
DDD0D75991DF5D8AB0EA5CF61A6D8B91.taxon	description	Figs 8 A-G, 10 A-D, 16 B (Japanese name: Yamako-horahimegumo ヤマコホラヒメグモ)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
DDD0D75991DF5D8AB0EA5CF61A6D8B91.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ♂ Holotype: Japan: Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima Is.: Koseda, Nagamine, 29. Mar. 2023, S. Konishi leg. (NSMT-Ar 25254). Paratypes: Japan: Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima Is.: 1 ♀, Koseda, 190 m, broadleaf forest litter on a gentle slope, 30.38286 ° N, 130.62455 ° E, 24. Sep. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (RMUF); 2 ♀, Isso, 130 m, broadleaf forest litter bordering a sugi plantation near a river, 30.43615 ° N, 130.48129 ° E, 27. Sep. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (NSMT-Ar 25255); 1 ♀, Miyanoura, 15. July. 1990, A. Tanikawa leg. (FBPC); 1 ♀, Miyanoura, 341 m, humid broadleaf forest litter in a humid valley near a creek, 30.39696 ° N, 130.55584 ° E, 27. Sep. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); 1 ♀, Anbo, 224 m, broadleaf forest litter, 30.28375 ° N, 130.61619 ° E, 27. Sep. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); 1 ♀ Jhonji-dake, 18. Feb. 2023, S. Konishi leg. (NSMT-Ar 25256)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
DDD0D75991DF5D8AB0EA5CF61A6D8B91.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective silvicolus (= inhabiting woods, sylvan). It refers to the habitat of the species, living in the forests of Yakushima Is.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
DDD0D75991DF5D8AB0EA5CF61A6D8B91.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is closely related to N. brevipes and N. terrestris. Male of N. silvicola sp. nov. can be distinguished from male of N. terrestris by the stockier distal process of paracymbium (Di), the sharper radical apophysis (Ra), and by the wider ventral process II of paracymbium (Ve-II), (vs sharper Di, rounder Ra, and thinner Ve-II in N. terrestris). (Figs 8 A-D, 10 A-C cf. Figs 6 A-D, 7 E-G). In addition, the origin of the embolus (E) from the radix is located in a different position in the two species (4: 30 o'clock in N. silvicola vs 6: 00 o'clock in N. terrestris) (Figs 8 A, 10 A cf. Figs 6 A, 7). Male of the new species can be easily separated from male of N. brevipes by the single distal process of paracymbium (Di), a wider radical apophysis (Ra), and a thicker median process of conductor (Cm) (vs two Di, a slimmer Ra, and a thinner Cm in N. brevipes). (Figs 8 A-D, 10 A-C cf. Figs 5 A-D, 7 A-C). Female of N. silvicola sp. nov. can be distinguished from female of the other Japanese congeners of the N. brevipes group, by the general shape of genitalia, having a short scapus (Sc) with a flat distal margin, more squared lateral margins and strongly bent internal ducts (vs a longer and lobated Sc with straight ducts in N. brevipes, a more lobated scapus with rounder distal margins and straight internal ducts in N. terrestris, or a narrower and more trapezoidal scapus in N. insulana sp. nov. (Figs 9 E-G, 10 F cf. Figs 5 E-G, 6 E-G, 7 D, H, 8 E-G, 10 D). The smaller size further allows a quick separation of N. silvicola sp. nov. from N. terrestris (females 1.84 - 1.94 vs 2.31 - 3.30).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
DDD0D75991DF5D8AB0EA5CF61A6D8B91.taxon	description	Description of male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 8 H. Total length: 1.91. Prosoma 0.97 long, 0.86 wide. Carapace rounded, yellowish with slightly darker margins and central area. Cervical groove and fovea distinct. Eyes well developed. Eyes measurements: AME = 0.04, ALE = 0.08, PME = 0.08, PLE = 0.08, AME-ALE = 0.03, ALE-PLE = 0.00. Chelicerae, labium, maxillae, and sternum of same color as carapace. Legs yellowish with slightly darker annulation on distal femur, tibia, and metatarsus. Legs measurements: I 5.63 (1.60, 0.43, 1.48, 1.48, 0.64), II 4.28 (1.25, 0.38, 1.05, 1.06, 0.54), III 3.91 (1.00, 0.31, 0.82, 0.81, 0.47), IV 4.58 (1.44, 0.41, 1.16, 1.13, 0.44). Opisthosoma greyish with couples of slightly darker marks on anterior and dorsal side gradually merging to each other toward the posterior side. Palp as in Figs 8 A-D, 10 A-C. Cymbium relatively short, covered with sparse setae, some thicker setae on distal-prolateral margin (Fig. 8 D). Paracymbium with a single distal process (Di), two ventral processes (Ve-I-II), and a dorsal apophysis (Do): distal process (Di) stumpy, headed ventrally and retrolaterally, hook-like when observed laterally; ventral process I (Ve-I) sharp and slim, headed internally; ventral process II (Ve-II) lobated, headed internally; dorsal apophysis (Do) lobated, wide and flat (Figs 8 A-D, 10 A-C). Embolus (E) long and filiform, origin of embolus positioned at ~ 4: 30 o'clock on radix (Rx). Radical apophysis (Ra) strongly sclerotized, wide and stumpy, triangular, ending with a rounded tip. Conductor with 3 distinct processes (Cp, Cr, Cm) and a half-transparent distal lobe (Cl). Prolateral process of conductor (Cp) flat, ribbon-like and headed counterclockwise, wrapped around embolus. Retrolateral process of conductor (Cr) wide and thick, curved inside. Median process of conductor (Cm) thick and strongly sclerotized, spine-like, ending blunt, with a ribbon-like lobe wrapped around its prolateral side. (Figs 8 A-C, 10 A, B).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
DDD0D75991DF5D8AB0EA5CF61A6D8B91.taxon	description	Description of female (one of the paratypes). Habitus as in Fig. 8 I. Total length: 1.87. Prosoma 0.88 long, 0.78 wide. Cephalic area as in Fig. 8 J. Eyes measurements: AME = 0.04, ALE = 0.08, PME = 0.08, PLE = 0.08, AME-ALE = 0.03, ALE-PLE = 0.00. Coloration and other details as in male. Legs measurements: I 4.65 (1.33, 0.40, 1.21, 1.10, 0.61), II 3.68 (1.10, 0.37, 0.86, 0.82, 0.53), III 2.09 (0.89, 0.30, 0.62, 0.63, 0.46), IV 3.96 (1.22, 0.33, 1.02, 0.88, 0.53). Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 8 E-G, 10 D. Scapus (Sc) very short and wide, rectangular, ~ 2.5 x wider than long, ending with a flat posterior margin slightly concave in the center (Figs 8 E, F, 10 D). Copulatory opening (Co) at the inner-lateral sides of scapus. Internal ducts slightly visible through the transparent tegument, shaped as 2 angled brackets pointing towards each other. Copulatory ducts (Cd), short and thick, bent in the central trait, proximal part of ducts heading slightly internally, distal part heading laterally before reaching spermathecae. Insemination ducts (Id) thin, coiled around copulatory ducts. Spermathecae (S) small and rounded, separated from each other by ~ 1.5 x their diameter (Fig. 8 G).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
DDD0D75991DF5D8AB0EA5CF61A6D8B91.taxon	description	Size variation. (based on 5 females). Total length: 1.84 - 1.94, prosoma length: 0.86 - 0.99, prosoma width: 0.78 - 0.84.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
DDD0D75991DF5D8AB0EA5CF61A6D8B91.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from Yakushima Is. in western Japan (Fig. 16 B).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
4248F014D99B54039CBBDE7554492492.taxon	description	Figs 6 A-J, 7 E-H, 15 B, 16 A (Japanese name: azuma-ko-horahimegumo アズマコホラヒメグモ)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
4248F014D99B54039CBBDE7554492492.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan: Honshu Is.: Iwate Pref.: 1 ♀, Iwate-gun, Kuzumaki-machi, 4. Aug. 1995, H. Okawa leg. (NSMT-Ar. 11299, identified as N. brevipes); Miyagi Pref.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Minamisanriku-cho, Mt. Tatsugane, 21. July. 2013, A. Tanikawa leg. (MNHAH); Akita Pref.: 1 ♀, Akita-shi, Shimokitateyanagitate, Akahira, 18. Jul. 2005, A. Fukushima leg. (NSMT-Ar. 17417, identified as N. brevipes); Yamagata Pref.: 3 ♀, Oguni-machi, Tamagawanakazato, 18. July. 2010, A. Tanikawa leg. (MNHAH); 2 ♀, Nukumidaira, 18. July. 2010, A. Tanikawa leg.; 1 ♀, Kotamagawa, 19. July. 2010, A. Tanikawa leg. (MNHAH); 1 ♀, Sakata-shi, Tamasudarenotaki Waterfall, 38.99706 ° N, 140.05332 ° E, 27. Aug. 2019, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); Ibaraki Pref.: 1 ♀, Tsukuba-shi, Oda, Mt. Hokyo-san, 36.15260 ° N, 140.11853 ° E, 22. Aug. 2017, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tsukuba-shi, Mt. Tsukuba, 36.22662 ° N, 140.09885 ° E, 29. Jun. 2019, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); Tochigi Pref.: 1 ♀, Imaichi-shi, Iwasaki, 12. Aug. 1990, A. Tanikawa leg. (MNHAH); 1 ♀, Nikko-shi, 7. Jul. 1996, Y. Suganami leg. (NSMT-Ar. 17205, identified as N. brevipes); Saitama Pref.: 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Iruma-gun, Motoyama, near Kamakita cave, Aza-ana cave, 11. Aug. 1974, leg. Unknown (FBPC); 3 ♂, Hiki-gun, Ogawa-machi, Kami-furutera, Furutera-do cave, 6. Jul. 2019, T. Hiramatsu leg. (FBPC); 1 ♂, 6 ♀, Chichibu-shi, Kuroya, Iwane-do cave, 36.055145 ° N, 139.114867 ° E, 06. Nov. 2022, T. Nagai leg. (TNPC); Chiba Pref: 1 ♂, Kamogawa-shi, Kiyosumi, 35.13982 ° N, 140.17725 ° E, 20. Feb. 2020, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); Tokyo Pref.: 1 ♀ (holotype), Mt. Kagenobuyama, 20. Dec. 1968, E. Shinkai leg. (epigyne dissected and not present in the vial) (NMST-Ar. 72); 1 ♂, 4 ♀ (topotypes, ~ 3 km Est of the type locality area of the species), Hachioji-shi, Hachioji, trail near the Hachioji castle ruins, 339 m, scree in a narrow valley near a temporary creek, 35.64654 ° N, 139.25175 ° E, 31. May. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Hachioji-shi, Mt. Jinba, 27. May. 1984, H. Ono leg. (NSMT-Ar. 13401, identified as N. brevipes); 1 ♀, Okutama-machi, Kaniwasawa, 35.83906 ° N, 139.07345 ° E, 27. Jun. 2020, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); 1 ♀, Nishitama-gun, Nippara, near Ichiishiyama Shrine, 1015 m, leaf litter in a beech forest, 35.85506 ° N, 139.03513 ° E, 5. May. 2022, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Kanagawa Pref.: 1 ♂, Kawasaki-shi, Tama-ku, Ikuta Ryokuchi, 29. Jun. 1991, M. Ban leg. (NSMT-Ar. 10062, identified as N. brevipes); 1 ♀, Atsugi-shi, Nanasawa, 17. Apr. 1997, M. Ban leg. (NSMT-Ar. 10814, identified as N. brevipes); Fukui Pref.: 1 ♀, Onyu-gun, Natashou, Nagatani, 30. Jul. 2002, K. Kumada leg. (NSMT-Ar. 15214, identified as N. brevipes); Shizuoka Pref.: 1 ♂, 8 ♀, Tagata-gun, Amagiyugashima-cho, Mt. Ichiyama, 14. Feb. 1983, K. Kumada leg. (NSMT-Ar. 17762, identified as N. brevipes); 2 ♀, Kamo-gun, Higashiizu, Mt. Amagi, 18. Oct. 1986, A. Tanikawa leg. (MNHAH); 2 ♀, Fujinomiya-shi, Myojoyama Park, 17. Nov. 2014, A. Tanikawa leg. (MNHAH); 1 ♀, Fujinomiya-shi, Hitoana, Shin-ana Cave (新穴), long and humid lava cave (temp: 11.7 ° C, hum: 95.3 %), 35.36406 ° N, 138.59478 ° E, 725 m, 3. Dec. 2022, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); 2 ♀, Hamamatsu-shi, Tenryu-ku, Ryokukeidai, 34.86801 ° N, 137.79494 ° E, 2 - 3. Jan. 2018, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC); 1 ♀, Susono-shi, Iwanami, Iwanami Fuketsu Wind Cave (岩波風穴), warm and humid lava cave (temp: 18.9 ° C, hum: 99.9 %), 35.21835 ° N, 138.92003 ° E, 255 m, 2. Dec. 2022, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Aichi Pref.: 1 ♀, Toyohashi-shi, Suse-cho, near the entrance of Susenoja-ana cave (嵩山蛇穴), 34.79678 ° N, 137.48575 ° E, litter of a mixed forest, 29. IX. 2019, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC); Mie Pref.: 2 ♀, Ise-shi, Ujitachi-cho, Naigu, Ise Jingu shrine, 8. Nov. 2003, K. Kumada leg. (NSMT-Ar. 14059); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kiya, Koumori-ana (こうもり 穴), 27. Sep. - 10. Oct. 1980, Y. Terumi leg. (OMNH); Russia: Sakhalin Oblast: Moneron Is.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 23. Aug. 2001, Y. M. Marusik leg. (YMPC, identified as N. brevipes).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
4248F014D99B54039CBBDE7554492492.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is closely related to N. brevipes and N. silvicola. But generally larger in size than the latter two species (females 2.31 - 3.30 vs 1.76 - 2.50 in N. brevipes and 1.84 - 1.94 in N. silvicola, see also Fig. 17 A, B). Male of N. terrestris can be distinguished from male of N. brevipes by the presence of a single, sharper distal process of paracymbium (Di), a stockier radical apophysis ending with a rounded tip (Ra), and a thicker median process of the conductor (Cm) (vs two Di, a sharper Ra ending with a pointy tip, and a thinner Cm in N. brevipes). (Figs 6 A-D, 7 E-G cf. Figs 5 A-D, 7 A-C). It can be separated from male of N. silvicola by the sharper distal process of paracymbium (Di), the stockier and rounder radical apophysis (Ra), and by the thinner ventral process II of paracymbium (Ve-II), (vs stockier Di, sharper Ra, and wider Ve-II in N. silvicola). (Figs 6 A-D, 7 E-G cf. Figs 8 A-D, 10 A-C). In addition, the origin of the embolus I from the radix is located in a different position than in the other two species (6: 00 o'clock in N. terrestris vs 4: 30 o'clock in N. brevipes and N. silvicola) (Figs 6 A, 7 E cf. Figs 5 A, 7 A, 8 A, 10 A). Female of N. terrestris can be separated from female of N. brevipes by the thicker and more squared scapus ~ 1.5 - 2 x longer than wide and having a flat posterior margin (vs a slimmer scapus approximately as long as wide, with a rounded posterior margin in N. brevipes) (Figs 6 E, F, 7 H cf. Figs 5 E, F, 7 D). In addition, N. terrestris shows spermathecae (S) which diameter is approximately as wide as the copulatory ducts (vs S wider than copulatory ducts in N. brevipes) and straight internal ducts with a regular trend and few visible coils (vs ducts with a more irregular trend and more visible coils in N. brevipes). (Fig. 6 E-G cf. Fig. 5 E-G). Female of N. terrestris can be separated from female of N. silvicola by the more lobated scapus (Sc) with rounder lateral margins and straight internal ducts (vs more squared lateral margins and strongly bent internal ducts in N. silvicola) (Figs 6 E-G, 7 H cf. Figs 8 E-G, 10 D).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
4248F014D99B54039CBBDE7554492492.taxon	description	Description of male (one of the topotypes). Habitus as in Fig. 6 H. Total length 2.54. Prosoma 1.22 long, 1.18 wide. Carapace rounded, uniformly yellowish with borders and central area slightly darker. Cervical groove and fovea distinct. Eyes well developed. Eyes measurements: AME = 0.06, ALE = 0.09, PME = 0.09, PLE = 0.09, AME-ALE = 0.06, ALE-PLE = 0.01. Chelicerae, labium, maxillae, and sternum of the same color as carapace. Legs yellowish with darker annulation on femur, patella, and tibia. Legs measurements as follows: I 7.07 (2.03, 0.47, 1.99, 1.77, 0.81), II 5.56 (1.64, 0.47, 1.41, 1.31, 0.73), III 4.55 (1.39, 0.41, 1.09, 1.07, 0.59), IV 6.12 (1.89, 0.47, 1.61, 1.48, 0.67). Opisthosoma greyish with large black marks on dorsal and lateral sides. Male palp as in Figs 6 A-D, 7 E-G. Cymbium relatively short, covered with sparse setae, several thicker setae on distal-prolateral margin (Fig. 6 D). Paracymbium with a single distal process (Di), two ventral processes (Ve-I-II), and a dorsal apophysis (Do): distal process (Di) thick, hook-like when observed laterally, with a sharp tip headed ventrally and retrolaterally; ventral process I (Ve-I) stocky and blunt, headed internally; ventral process II (Ve-II) long, headed internally; dorsal apophysis (Do) lobated, wide and flat (Figs 6 A-D, 7 E-G). Embolus (E) long and filiform, origin of embolus positioned ~ 6: 00 o'clock on radix (Rx). Radical apophysis (Ra) strongly sclerotized, triangular, ending with a rounded tip. Conductor with 3 distinct processes (Cp, Cr, Cm) and a half-transparent distal lobe (Cl). Prolateral process of the conductor (Cp) flat, ribbon-like and headed counterclockwise, wrapped around embolus. Retrolateral process of conductor (Cr) wide and thick, curved inside. Median process of conductor (Cm) thick and strongly sclerotized, spine-like, ending sharp, with a ribbon-like lobe wrapped around its prolateral side. (Figs 6 A-C, 7 E, F).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
4248F014D99B54039CBBDE7554492492.taxon	description	Size variation. Male (based on 5 specimens): total length: 2.01 - 2.54, prosoma length: 1.05 - 1.25, prosoma width: 0.95 - 1.18. Female (based on 15 specimens): total length: 2.31 - 3.30, prosoma length: 1.03 - 1.45, prosoma width: 0.94 - 1.21.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
4248F014D99B54039CBBDE7554492492.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, central-eastern Honshu, western Honshu?), Russian Far East (Sakhalin and Kuril Is.), Korea? (Fig. 16 A). The presence of this species in western Honshu and Korea needs confirmation. See also " remarks on misidentification " for additional notes on the distribution of N. terrestris.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2023): Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). ZooKeys 1174: 219-272, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251
