identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D37D202FDD609B81E7AC2D2CC1326340.text	D37D202FDD609B81E7AC2D2CC1326340.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prenolepis	<div><p>Key to workers of the Prenolepis genus-group</p> <p>This key can be modified to supplement many existing formicine keys such as Bolton (1994), Shattuck (1999) and Imai et al. (2003). In those keys, specimens that key to Paratrechina should be compared with couplets 3, 4 and 5 below to determine current generic placement. The relative eye length index (REL) is defined as (EL/HL) ×100, where HL (head length) is the length of the head, excluding the mandibles, measured in full-face view, and EL (eye length) is the maximum length of the compound eye in full-face view.</p> <p>1. Maxillary palps with 5 or fewer segments; species often strongly polymorphic, with a major and minor caste expressed........................................... 2</p> <p>- Maxillary palps with 6 segments; species monomorphic to slightly polymorphic, with no discernable major or minor caste expressed..................................... 4</p> <p>2. Polymorphic Afrotropical species..... Paraparatrechina bufonus and weissi</p> <p>- Monomorphic or polymorphic Australasian/Indoaustralian species............................................. 3</p> <p>3. Eyes large, typically REL 20 or greater (one exception - E. negrosensis); labial palps typically with 4 segments; mesothorax constricted immediately behind pronotum; mandalus large and conspicuous (Fig. 7A), usually visible without dissection of mandible*.... Euprenolepis</p> <p>- Eyes small, REL less than 20, typically 15 or less; labial palps typically with 2 or 3 segments; mesothorax typically not constricted immediately behind pronotum; mandalus small and inconspicuous (Fig. 7F), usually not visible without dissection of mandible*........... Pseudolasius</p> <p>4. Mandibles typically with 6 to 7 teeth, rarely 5 teeth present; if with 5 teeth, then mesothorax constricted immediately behind pronotum; scapes with or without erect setae... 5</p> <p>- Mandibles always with 5 teeth; mesothorax not constricted immediately behind pronotum; scapes always lacking erect setae............................................... 6</p> <p>5. Mesothorax constricted immediately behind pronotum; eyes largely above midlength of head (typically posterior of vertex); mandibles with distinct striations across anterior surface.................................... Prenolepis</p> <p>- Mesothorax not constricted immediately behind pronotum; eyes with about half their length above and half their length below midlength of head (typically at vertex); mandibles without strations across anterior surface..... Nylanderia</p> <p>6. Erect setae (one pair) present on propodeum; erect setae on head form a pattern of 4 setae along posterior margin and 6 to 7 rows of setae from posterior margin to clypeal margin; dorsal face of propodeum typically short and angular; femora and tibiae lacking large erect setae................................ Paraparatrechina</p> <p>- Erect setae absent on propodeum; erect setae on head scattered across surface; dorsal face of propodeum broad and gently rounded; femora and tibiae with large erect setae.................................... Paratrechina</p> <p>*This character can be difficult to determine unless the mandible is dissected. It is only required if specimens have 4-segmented labial palps and 5 mandibular teeth.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D37D202FDD609B81E7AC2D2CC1326340	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaPolla, J. S.;Brady, S. G.;Shattuck, S. O.	LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G., Shattuck, S. O. (2010): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 118-131, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x
73C2A22406D7EF7C6453E6FD837D0626.text	73C2A22406D7EF7C6453E6FD837D0626.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euprenolepis	<div><p>Euprenolepis</p> <p>Figures of worker. Head: Fig. 5A (major) and Fig. 5B (minor); mesosoma: Fig. 6A (major), Fig. 6B (minor); mandible: Fig. 7A (major).</p> <p>Synopsis of taxonomic history (for full description see Bolton et al., 2006): Euprenolepis Emery, 1906: 134. As subgenus of Prenolepis. Euprenolepis as subgenus of Paratrechina, Emery, 1925: 223; Euprenolepis raised to genus and senior synonym of Chapmanella, Brown, 1953: 6. Type species: Prenolepis (Euprenolepis) procera, by original description.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mandible with 5 teeth; basal tooth with an obtuse angle on the inner mandibular margin (one known exception E. negrosensis, in which basal tooth is roughly quadriform relative to inner mandibular margin); mandalus large and conspicuous; maxillary palps 3-segmented; labial palps 4-segmented. Eyes typically well developed and placed more anteriorly of midlength of head. Mesothorax constricted immediately behind pronotum. Erect setae on dorsum of head randomly placed; anterior portion of head slightly wider than preceding portion and flattened slightly; erect setae present on scapes, legs and dorsum of mesosoma, including propodeum; propodeum with a high-domed dorsal face; overall body shape long and slender.</p> <p>Distribution. (Fig. 8A). This genus appears to be restricted to Southeastern Asia.</p> <p>Notes. LaPolla (2009) recently revised the species-level taxonomy of this genus. In E. procera, workers are polymorphic with a major caste clearly expressed. In several</p> <p>Euprenolepis species, however, the existence of worker polymorphism is unclear owing to the small number of available specimens (LaPolla, 2009). Even among E. procera specimens collected from a variety of localities, relatively few larger workers have been found.</p> <p>Species of Pseudolasius that possess 5 mandibular teeth, 4-segmented labial palps and have a constriction of the mesothorax immediately behind the pronotum can be difficult to separate from Euprenolepis species. Fortunately, few Pseudolasius species have this suite of morphological features. The most reliable morphological character to separate these two genera is the presence of larger eyes in Euprenolepis. All Pseudolasius have some reduction in eye size relative to most other Prenolepis genus-group species, and many Pseudolasius species display extreme eye reduction. All Euprenolepis, with the exception of E. negrosensis, have large eyes. In the case of E. negrosensis, all other morphological characters suggest its placement within the genus. Another character that separates the two genera is the condition of the mandalus. In Euprenolepis the mandalus (Fig. 7A) is large and conspicuous (often visible without dissection), usually at least 2× the size of the mandalus found in Pseudolasius.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73C2A22406D7EF7C6453E6FD837D0626	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaPolla, J. S.;Brady, S. G.;Shattuck, S. O.	LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G., Shattuck, S. O. (2010): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 118-131, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x
BA048A30CBD7472593F1C96E0D0A739D.text	BA048A30CBD7472593F1C96E0D0A739D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nylanderia	<div><p>Nylanderia, gen. rev.</p> <p>Figures of worker. Head: Fig. 5C; mesosoma: Fig. 6C; mandible: Fig. 7B.</p> <p>Synopsis of taxonomic history (for full description see Bolton et al., 2006): Nylanderia Emery, 1906: 133. As subgenus of Prenolepis. As subgenus of Paratrechina, Emery, 1925: 217. Nylanderia raised to genus, Wheeler, 1936: 210; as subgenus of Paratrechina, Creighton, 1950: 405; Nylanderia revived as genus, Chapman &amp; Capco, 1951: 214; provisional junior synonym of Paratrechina, Brown, 1973: 183; as subgenus of Paratrechina, Smith, D.R., 1979: 1443; Nylanderia as junior synonym of Paratrechina, Trager, 1984: 51. Type species: Formica vividula, by original description.</p> <p>= Andragnathus Emery, 1922: 111. Andraganthus as junior synonym of Paratrechina, Agosti &amp; Bolton, 1990; this study in synonymy with Nylanderia, syn. nov. Type species: Andragnathus hubrechti, by monotypy.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mandible with 6 to 7 teeth; maxillary palps 6- segmented; labial palps 4-segmented; erect setae on dorsum of head randomly placed; typically with abundant erect setae on head, scapes, legs and dorsum of mesosoma, although a few species lack erect setae on head, scapes and legs. Eyes typically well developed and placed midlength and laterally on head. Dorsal mesosomal setae arranged loosely in pairs; propodeum lacking erect setae (with one exception); propodeum with a low- to high-domed dorsal face; generally overall mesosoma shape compact.</p> <p>Distribution. (Fig. 8B). This genus is essentially worldwide in distribution, but its exact northern limits are uncertain, and it is curious that apparently no native species are found in Europe. The genus reaches its highest diversity in the tropics, but in many temperate areas Nylanderia form important components of the fauna (Ward, 2000). Humans have dispersed a few species around the globe, and there are several economically important invasive species in this genus.</p> <p>Notes. This is by far the most diverse of the Prenolepis genus-group genera. This genus is currently under revision by the authors and is certain to increase tremendously in recognized species as studies are completed.</p> <p>Although most species of this genus are easily recognizable, there are several Nylanderia species (N. darlingtoni, N. otome and N. yamburu) that superficially resemble Paraparatrechina in that they lack erect setae on the legs and/or scapes and have paired erect setae on the pronotum and mesonotum. Scapes without erect setae or with very few setae appear more commonly in New World Nylanderia (particularly among the North American species), with the condition only spottily observed for species outside this region. However, essentially all species can be placed into Nylanderia based on the lack of erect setae on the propodeum and the presence of six mandibular teeth. The single known exception is an undescribed species from Papua New Guinea, which has numerous elongate setae on the propodeum. However, in this case the setae differ in number and structure from those found in other genera considered here. Undoubtedly, as taxonomic revision of Nylanderia progresses there will be some adjustments regarding to which genus a few species are ascribed, so the generic species list reported below will probably change in the future.</p> <p>Combinations in Nylanderia. The following names are comb. rev. from Paratrechina: consuta, darlingtoni, pearsei. The following names are all comb. nov. in Nylanderia. They are listed under their previous combinations as catalogued in Bolton et al. (2006). From Paratrechina: amblyops, amblyops rubescens, amia, anthracina, arenivaga, arlesi, aseta, assimilis, austroccidua, birmana, birmana hodgsoni, bourbonica, bourbonica farquharensis, bourbonica ngasiyana, brasiliensis, braueri, braueri donisthorpei, braueri glabrior, bruesii, burgesi, caeciliae, caeciliae elevata, cisipa, clandestina, colchica, comorensis, concinna, dispar, dugasi, faisonensis, flavipes, formosae, fulva, fulva biolleyi, fulva cubana, fulva fumata, fulva fumatipennis, fulva incisa, fulva longiscapa, fulva nesiotis, goeldii, gracilis, grisoni, grisoni fuscula, guatemalensis, guatemalensis cocoensis, guatemalensis itinerans, gulinensis, helleri, hubrechti, humbloti, hystrix, incallida, indica, integera, jaegerskioeldi, johannae, johannae dibullana, kraepelini, laevigata, lepida, lietzi, madagascarensis, madagascarensis ellisii, madagascarensis rufescens, madagascarensis sechellensis, manni, mendica, mexicana, microps, mixta, myops, nodifera, nubatama, nuggeti, obscura, obscura bismarckensis, obscura celebensis, obscura minor, obscura papuana, ogasawarensis, opisopthalmia, otome, parvula, phantasma, picta, pieli, pubens, rosae, ryukyuensis, sakurae, sharpii, sikorae, silvestrii, silvestrii kuenzleria, simpliciuscula, sindbadi, smythiesii, staudingeri, steeli, steinheili, steinheili minuta, stigmatica, tasmaniensis, taylori, taylori levis, teranishii, terricola, tjibodana, tococae, traegaordhi, traegaordhi natalensis, vaga, vagabunda, vitiensis, vividula, vividula antillana, vividula australis, vividula docilis, vividula kuenzleri, vividula mjobergi, waelbroecki, weissi, weissi nimba, wojciki, yaeyamensis, yambaru, yerburyi, zelotypa. From Pseudolasius: dodo.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA048A30CBD7472593F1C96E0D0A739D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaPolla, J. S.;Brady, S. G.;Shattuck, S. O.	LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G., Shattuck, S. O. (2010): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 118-131, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x
C9CE67D2B124AB9FB2A0BA17B0D07E81.text	C9CE67D2B124AB9FB2A0BA17B0D07E81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratrechina	<div><p>Paratrechina</p> <p>Figures of worker. Head: Fig. 5D; mesosoma: Fig. 6D; mandible: Fig. 7C.</p> <p>Synopsis of taxonomic history (for full description see Bolton et al., 2006): Paratrechina Motschoulsky 1863: 13. As junior synonym of Prenolepis, Dalla Torre, 1893: 177; revived as genus, Emery, 1925: 216. Type species: Paratrechina currens (junior synonym of Paratrechina longicornis); by subsequent designation of Wheeler (1911).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mandible with 5 teeth; maxillary palps 6- segmented; labial palps 4-segmented; erect setae on dorsum of head randomly placed; scapes lacking erect hairs; abundant erect setae on legs and dorsum of mesosoma. Eyes well developed and convex, surpassing outline of head in full frontal view, placed midlength and laterally on head. Dorsal mesosomal setae arranged loosely in pairs; propodeum lacking erect setae; propodeum with a low-domed dorsal face; overall mesosoma shape long and slender.</p> <p>Distribution. (Fig. 9A). Paratrechina longicornis is a well-known invasive species that now has a pantropical distribution. It has also become established in more temperate localities by living in buildings and other man-made structures. Greenhouses in North America are sometimes infested with Pa. longicornis (Wetterer et al., 1999).</p> <p>Notes. Taxonomists have long commented on the unusual morphology of Pa. longicornis, such as its elongated scapes and tibiae and unusual mesosomal setal pattern compared to other ‘ Paratrechina, s.l. ' (Trager, 1984). Our results here confirm that it is in fact a separate, distinct lineage from other Prenolepis genus-group members. In his reorganization of the genus, Emery (1925) recognized Pa. longicornis as distinct from the rest of the genus by placing it in its own monotypic subgenus. Here we recognize Paratrechina as a monotypic genus.</p> <p>This is a notoriously invasive species that has spread worldwide around the tropics and subtropics. It is interesting to note that our analysis places it within a clade containing Pseudolasius and Euprenolepis, two genera that are restricted to southeastern Asia. Therefore, it may be reasonable to assume that Pa. longicornis is native to this region, and not to Africa as has been previously suggested. It is also interesting to note that to date no Euprenolepis or Pseudolasius are known to have been introduced by human activities, so whatever characteristics of Paratrechina that make it a good invader seem restricted to this single lineage.</p> <p>Paratrechina longicornis currently contains the subspecies Pa. l. hagemanni (Forel, 1901), described from worker(s) collected at Boma, Democratic Republic of Congo. Wheeler (1922) treated this form as a junior synonym of longicornis (without comment), whereas Emery (1925) removed it from synonymy as a variety of longicornis (again without comment). In his original description, Forel (1901) states that this taxon is very similar to longicornis and differs in being ‘perhaps ' slightly smaller and with the metanotum slightly more convex. All other characters mentioned match longicornis, and, upon examination of type material, Pa. l. hagemanni (Forel) is here returned to synonymy with Pa. longicornis (syn. nov.), leaving Paratrechina with a single valid species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C9CE67D2B124AB9FB2A0BA17B0D07E81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaPolla, J. S.;Brady, S. G.;Shattuck, S. O.	LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G., Shattuck, S. O. (2010): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 118-131, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x
9207F48A35AFE7A403DE2854FA4B645D.text	9207F48A35AFE7A403DE2854FA4B645D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraparatrechina	<div><p>Paraparatrechina, gen. rev. &amp; stat. nov.</p> <p>Figures of worker. Head: Fig. 5E; mesosoma: Fig. 6E; mandible: Fig. 7D.</p> <p>Synopsis of taxonomic history (for full description see Bolton et al., 2006): Paraparatrechina Donisthorpe, 1947: 192. Described as a subgenus of Paratrechina. As provisional junior synonym of Paratrechina, Brown, 1973: 183; as junior synonym of Paratrechina, Trager, 1984. Type species: Paratrechina(Paraparatrechina) pallida, by monotypy.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mandible with 5 teeth; maxillary palps 6- segmented; labial palps 4-segmented; erect setae on dorsum of head distinctly paired; erect setae on head form a pattern of four setae along posterior margin and six to seven rows of paired setae from posterior margin to clypeal margin; scapes and legs lack erect setae; head (excluding clypeal surface) and mesonotal dorsum covered in dense pubesence. Eyes typically well developed and placed midlength towards midline and laterally on head. Erect mesosomal setae distinctly paired, with two pairs on pronotum, one pair on mesonotum and one pair on propodeum; propodeum typically with short dorsal face compared to longer posterior face; generally overall mesosoma shape compact, although in a few species the mesosoma is elongated.</p> <p>Distribution. (Fig. 8C). This genus appears to be restricted to the Paleotropics of Africa, Asia and Australia.</p> <p>Notes. The mesosomal setal pattern of these ants (two pairs of pronotal erect setae; one pair of mesonotal erect setae and one pair of propodeal erect setae) is remarkably uniform across the genus. These are generally small ants (the majority of species are just over 1 mm to just under 2 mm in total length) that, except for a few known species, have a compact mesosoma. In at least three species a more elongated, slender mesosoma is noted: P. pallida and two undescribed Afrotropical species (LaPolla et al., in preparation). In these species the general form of the mesosoma roughly resembles that of Pa. longicornis: elongate and slender with a propodeum not angular with a short dorsal face, but instead with a dorsal face that is rounded and broad. In every other diagnostic morphological character, however, the species conform to the morphology listed above for Paraparatrechina.</p> <p>Two polymorphic species from the Afrotropics, weissi and bufonus, superficially resemble Pseudolasius (until this study they were in that genus). A major worker caste is clearly expressed in these species and they possess many morphological features that suggest a hypogaeic lifestyle. Presently, they represent the only known cases of worker polymorphism within Paraparatrechina.</p> <p>New combinations in Paraparatrechina. The following names are all comb. nov. in Paraparatrechina. They are listed under their previous combinations as catalogued in Bolton et al. (2006). From Paratrechina: albipes, butteli, butteli bryanti, butteli malaccana, caledonica, dichroa, emarginata, foreli, foreli nigriventris, glabra, iridescens, koningsbergeri, lecamopteridis, minutula, minutula buxtoni, nana, nettae, oceanica, opaca, opaca metallescens, pallida, pusillima, sauteri, subtilis, subtilis termitophila, tapinomoides. From Pseudolasius: bufonus, weissi.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9207F48A35AFE7A403DE2854FA4B645D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaPolla, J. S.;Brady, S. G.;Shattuck, S. O.	LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G., Shattuck, S. O. (2010): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 118-131, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x
C61EB827DC21D6BC47BAF35DAA529236.text	C61EB827DC21D6BC47BAF35DAA529236.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prenolepis	<div><p>Prenolepis</p> <p>Figures of worker. Head: Fig. 5F; mesosoma: Fig. 6F; mandible: Fig. 7E.</p> <p>Synopsis of taxonomic history (for full description see Bolton et al., 2006): Prenolepis Mayr, 1861: 52. Type species: Tapinoma nitens, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 325.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mandible with 5 to 7 teeth (in Pr. kohli up to 8 teeth observed in some specimens); maxillary palps 6- segmented; labial palps 4-segmented; erect setae on dorsum of head randomly placed; with erect setae on scapes, legs and dorsum of mesosoma, including propodeum. Eyes well developed, often strongly convex, and placed posteriorly on the head. Mesothorax constricted immediately behind pronotum; propodeum with a high-domed dorsal face, with entire propodeum often distinctly rounded in overall shape; overall mesosoma shape long and slender.</p> <p>Distribution. (Fig. 9B). Prenolepis has a curious distribution, with a wide-ranging species found in North America, one species known from southern Europe and Anatolia and three species from Cuba (although see below), but the genus reaches its highest species diversity levels in southeastern Asia and southern China. One species is found in the rainforests of West Africa.</p> <p>Notes. Recent descriptive work (Xu, 1995; Zhou &amp; Zheng, 1998; Fontenla, 2000; Zhou, 2001) has expanded this genus to 35 species and subspecies. However, this genus is in need of global taxonomic revision and caution is advised before further species are described within it. In fact, the monophyly of the genus may be in question.</p> <p>The Antillean Prenolepis (Pr. albimaculata (Cuba only), Pr. gibberosa (Cuba and Haiti) and Pr. karstica (Cuba only)) possess 5 teeth, and although we retain them provisionally within Prenolepis our phylogenetic results suggest that they may represent a separate lineage within the Prenolepis genus-group(Fig. 3). This result was also suggested by Fontenla (2000) in his morphologically based phylogenetic analysis of the genus. The three Antillean species possess ocelli, whereas all other species (with the exception of the Asian Pr. naorojii) do not. This character may be of phylogenetic importance. It is also interesting to note that an undescribed fossil of an Antillean Prenolepis species from Dominican amber possesses five teeth and ocelli (LaPolla, in preparation). Given our limited taxon sampling in this group, however, any taxonomic decisions regarding the generic status of the Antillean species requires further investigation.</p> <p>Another interesting species is Pr. kohli, which we are transferring to Prenolepis from Paratrechina. This is an African species described from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and it has a number of morphological traits that suggest that it belongs in Prenolepis. Among these characters are: (i) a mesothoracic constriction immediately behind the pronotum (although not as pronounced as in other species); (ii) mandibles with more than six teeth (up to eight in some specimens, although the eighth tooth is usually very small and found on the inner mandibular margin); (iii) striations across the mandibles as seen in most Prenolepis species; (iv) very long scapes that surpass the posterior margin of the head by more than half their length; (v) eyes convex, placed posterior to the midline of the head; and (vi) the propodeum with very high-domed shaped dorsal face. This is the only Prenolepis known from Africa. It is to be hoped that in the future molecular data can be gathered from this species to examine whether or not this placement is correct.</p> <p>The following name is a comb. rev. in Prenolepis from Paratrechina: kohli.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C61EB827DC21D6BC47BAF35DAA529236	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaPolla, J. S.;Brady, S. G.;Shattuck, S. O.	LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G., Shattuck, S. O. (2010): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 118-131, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x
050CD329D3FA22FC3C49F926EB4430C7.text	050CD329D3FA22FC3C49F926EB4430C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudolasius	<div><p>Pseudolasius</p> <p>Figures of worker. Head: Fig. 5G (major), Fig. 5H (minor); mesosoma: Fig. 6G (major), 6H (minor); mandible: Fig. 7F.</p> <p>Synopsis of taxonomic history (for full description see Bolton et al., 2006): Pseudolasius Emery, 1887: 244. Type species: Formica familiaris, by subsequent designation of Bingham (1903: 337),: 244.</p> <p>= Nesolasius Wheeler, W.M., 1935: 50. As subgenus of Pseudolasius. As provisional junior synonym of Pseudolasius, Brown, 1973: 183; as junior synonym of Pseudolasius, Bolton, 1994: 50 (here confirmed). Type species: Pseudolasius (Nesolasius) typhlops, by original description.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mandible with 4 to 7 teeth; maxillary palps 2- to 5-segmented; labial palps 2- to 4-segmented; mandalus small and inconspicuous. Setae on dorsum of head randomly placed; with erect setae on scapes, legs and dorsum of mesosoma, including propodeum; body often covered in dense pubescence. Eyes often poorly developed, typically placed below midlength. Workers strongly polymorphic, with a major caste present; posterior margin of head in majors typically emarginate. Propodeum with a low- to high-domed dorsal face; overall mesosoma shape compact.</p> <p>Distribution. (Fig. 9C). This genus is restricted to southern Asia, from India to China, stretching southwards to northern Australia. It appears to be restricted to tropical localities.</p> <p>Notes. The polymorphic nature of this genus is well known, but overall this is a fairly heterogeneous group that is in need of taxonomic revision. There are clearly some lineages that have taken a hypogaeic evolutionary route and look quite different from the larger, presumably epigaeic species. A polymorphic species placed in Pseudolasius until the current study (Paraparatrechina weissi) did not group with the few other polymorphic Pseudolasius sampled in our molecular phylogeny. Additional study is required to determine if other species currently placed within Pseudolasius need to be transferred to other genera.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050CD329D3FA22FC3C49F926EB4430C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaPolla, J. S.;Brady, S. G.;Shattuck, S. O.	LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G., Shattuck, S. O. (2010): Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 35: 118-131, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x
