identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E387B6FFEEFF80EEA9F94672802694.text	03E387B6FFEEFF80EEA9F94672802694.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla cameroniana Damian 2023	<div><p>Vanilla cameroniana Damián,  sp. nov. (Figures 1, 2A, 3A)</p><p>Type:— FRENCH GUIANA. Saint-Georges:  Regina, Petite Montagne Tortue, 52 13’ O 4 18’ N, 10 June 2005, D. Sabatier &amp; M.-F. Prevost 4912 (holotype: SEL047233!).</p><p>Vanilla cameroniana superficially resembles  V. appendiculata Rolfe (1895: 178) but may be easily distinguished by the conspicuously petiolate broader leaves up to 12 cm wide (vs. sub-sessile, up to 5.9 cm), axillary inflorescence (vs. apical), greenish sepals and petals (vs. white) narrow linear petals, 2–3 mm width (vs. narrowly lanceolate, 5–8 mm), unlobed lip (vs. trilobed), and sub-quadrate apex with a trullate-shaped structure close to the apex made of short appendages (vs. ovate with long lombricoid appendages).</p><p>Description:— Hemiepiphytic herb, leafy, that branches out as it grows up to 2 m long (at least). Stems flexuose, terete, dark green, 1.0– 1.2 cm wide (0.3–0.4 cm when dried); internodes 6–7 cm long. Aerial roots, terete, greenish, 0.9–1.5 × 0.2–0.3 cm. Leaves green, with a distinct petiole, 2–3 cm long, shiny; blade strongly obovate, base attenuate, apex cuspidate, membranaceous, becoming light brown after herborization, margins entire, mid-vein sulcate, veins conspicuously reticulate, 14–27 × 6–12 cm. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, successively 1-flowered; peduncle 0.2 cm long, rachis 1.5 cm long; bracts of the inflorescence light green. Floral bracts broadly ovate, convex, reticulate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 cm. Flowers resupinate, pendular, sepals and petals pale green or light green, lip white, light green abaxially close to the base. Ovary pedicellate, terete, sinuous, curved, something sigmoid, 1.5–3.0 × 0.2 cm including the pedicel. Dorsal sepal lanceolate; margins entire, revolute; base truncate, apex acuminate, apically twisted, 8–9– veined, 6.0–6.5 × 0.6–0.65 cm. Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal in shape, 10–11-veined, 6.0–6.5 × 0.8–1.0 cm. Petals linear; margins entire, apex acute, recurved, abaxially with a longitudinal prominent keel, abaxially sulcate along the midvein, 7–8-veined, 6.0–6.3 × 0.2–0.3 cm. Labellum white, adaxially light green turning darker towards the base, adnate with the column for 5.4 cm, the edges inrolled and touching each other which makes the dorsal side of the column not visible from outside the flower, 6.9 × 3.8 cm, unlobed, overall fan-shaped and forming a tube in its natural position, the margins gradually change from entire to erose and sinuate at the apex, narrowly channeled abaxially, attenuate at the base where attached to the column, with two parallel low keels flanking the penicillate callus that appear close to the middle and fade away close to the apex; lateral portions of the lip shoulder-shaped, broad, orbicular, margins entire to minute undulate; apex white overall, subquadrate, with a trullate-shaped structure close to the apex made of appendages 0.2 cm long, minutely papillose; penicillate callus made up by 8 congested, retrorse, trapezoidal, laciniate scales, the scales free from each other, 4–5 × 3 mm; the region just after the penicillate callus, smooth. Column white, 5.5 × 0.3 cm, erect, ventral surface glabrous; apex dilated, 5 mm, the apex winged with a horned clinandrium. Stigma lateral lobes are hard to distinguish and covered by a stigmatic sticky fluid in our sample, rostellum ca 5 × 3 mm, convex, quadrate, margins entire, revolute. Anther 4.8 × 3.6 mm, saddle-shaped, with two hornshaped projections and with pollen grains not forming a pollinarium but two granular masses. Fruit not seen.</p><p>Distribution and ecology:—So far known from three collections in the arrondissements of Roura and Regina where the species has been recorded to inhabit secondary and swamp forests at 10–100 m in elevation (Figure 4).  Vanilla cameroniana features a penicillate callus and conspicuous floral tube formed by the fusion of the labellum and column. Based on existing evidence, it is reasonable to propose that this species is likely pollinated by the same mechanism as observed in other  Vanilla subgen. Xanata members, which are known to be pollinated by Euglossine bees (Ackerman et al. 2023, Cameron 2003).</p><p>Etymology:—  Vanilla cameroniana is named after Kenneth M. Cameron, Professor of Botany at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Director of the Wisconsin State Herbarium (WIS), to honor his unparallel contributions to our understanding of the subfamily  Vanilloideae subfamily, and specifically of  Vanilla . Dr. Cameron’s efforts in unraveling the intricate and unique adaptations of  Vanilla species have yielded invaluable insights into the evolutionary history and ecological roles of these captivating orchids and made the subfamily an outstanding model system for the study of plant evolution.</p><p>Additional specimens examined:— FRENCH GUIANA; Camp Caiman-Asarco-Mt de Kaw, 4 41’ 720’ N, 52 13’386” W, 10 m, Foret Marecageuse zone collins isolees-swamp forest in isolated hills area, January 17, 2000, Bordenave B., N. Raes &amp; L. Betian 4960 [sterile] (U0112153).</p><p>Taxonomic Discussion:—  Vanilla cameroniana belongs to  Vanilla subgenus  Xanata due to its distinctive penicillate callus and connate lip margins. Among the Neotropical members of  Vanilla subgen. Xanata species,  V. appendiculata stands out as one of the species that resembles  V. cameroniana morphologically. It shares the obovate leaves and midlobe lip appendages with  V. cameroniana (Figure 3 A, C). However, they can be easily distinguished based on the features outlined in the diagnosis. Another species,  V. sprucei, exhibits similarities in flower color (light green tepals and white sepals) and linear petals (1–3 mm wide), which is rare among  Vanilla species. Vanilla cameroniana differs in having unlobed lip with dense lombricoid appendages apex, as opposed to the trilobed lip with a cushion-like apex found in  V. sprucei (Figure 3 A, D, E) (Table 1).  Vanilla hartii Rolfe (1899: 151), another species described from Guyana, shares some resemblance to  V. cameroniana, but can be readily differentiated by its smaller flowers with a trilobed lip measuring 3.7–4.3 cm in length, in contrast to the unlobed lip of  V. cameroniana measuring up to 6.9 cm. Furthermore,  V. hartii has low papillose grooves at the apex instead of conspicuous long appendages (Figure 3 A, B). Lastly,  V. bicolor is a distantly similar species that can be distinguished from  V. cameroniana by its smaller leaves (5–11 × 2.5–4.5 cm vs. 14–27 × 6–12 cm) and lip with a diffuse penicillate callus, unlike the well-defined penicillate callus seen in  V. cameroniana .</p><p>We decided to include a sterile specimen (Bordenave et al. 4960) in our concept of  V. cameroniana due to its obvious vegetative resemblance and geographical proximity (&lt;20 km apart) to the holotype (Figure 2B). As far as our knowledge goes,  Vanilla cameroniana is the only species within neotropical  Vanilla species that bears the combination of long-petiolated, membranaceous, obovate, strongly reticulate leaves, a consistent characteristic found among the three records we have examined. Among the nineteen species currently recognized inside  Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Karremans et al. 2020, Damian et al. 2022), all featuring membranaceous and strongly reticulate leaves, none exhibit the conspicuous obovate leaves found in the Bordenave specimen. Although there are some species within the  Vanilla subgen. Xanata with obovate leaves, such as  Vanilla appendiculata and  Vanilla marowynensis Pulle (1906: 118), they differ by having conspicuous coriaceous leaves (see Figure 25, Damian &amp; Janovec 2018; and Figure 23, Karremans et al. 2020).  Vanilla dressleri and  Vanilla trigonocarpa Hoehne (1944: 139), occasionally have obovate leaves, but the former distinguishes from  V. cameroniana by having thick leaves up to 6.5 cm wide (compared to membranaceous, up to 12 cm); and the latter, while typically membranaceous, has a blade not wider than 7 cm and long acuminate leaves, in contrast to the up to 12 cm wide and cuspidate leaves of  V. cameroniana (Soto Arenas &amp; Dressler 2010) . Additionally, none of these species have long-petiolated leaves that reach up to 3 cm like  V. cameroniana, a feature that is consistent in the sterile specimen. Therefore, based on this evidence we conclude that the Bordenave specimen is conspecific with our concept of  Vanilla cameroniana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387B6FFEEFF80EEA9F94672802694	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole (2023): Vanilla cameroniana (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae), a new species from French Guiana and new records from the Guiana Shield. Phytotaxa 609 (3): 222-232, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.3.5
03E387B6FFE9FF81EEA9FDE6747D2501.text	03E387B6FFE9FF81EEA9FDE6747D2501.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla sprucei Rolfe 1896	<div><p>1.  Vanilla sprucei Rolfe (1896: 461) (Figures 3D–E, 5 A–F)</p><p>Type:—   COLOMBIA.  In shady woods near the  Uaupes River, on the Upper Amazon, Spruce 2727 (holotype: K001382262!)  .</p><p>Distribution:— Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela (Figure 4).</p><p>Taxonomic Discussion:—The distinguishing features of this species are its slender leaves, which dry black and have prominent secondary veins. The inflorescences are usually paniculate, with whitish flowers that have linear petals and a cushion-like apex lip. This report is the first to identify the species in the Guiana Shield regions of Guyana, and Venezuela. Vegetatively, the plant shares some similarities with  V. trigonocarpa, but it is easily distinguishable by the branching (vs. ramose) inflorescences. The flowers of  V. trigonocarpa are twice as large as those of  V. sprucei, with the sepals of the former measuring 10.5–11.5 × 1.6–2 cm (vs. 4.9–5.0 × 0.5 cm). Furthermore,  V. trigonocarpa has an emarginate lip apex, while  V. sprucei exhibits a sub-acute shape.</p><p>Szlachetko (2016) assigned one of the specimens cited below (Redden 2518) to  V. guianensis, which can be easily distinguished from  V. sprucei by its elliptic (vs. obovate) leaves and distinct floral morphology, including a hexagonal lip and the absence of a penicillate callus.</p><p>Specimens examined:—   GUYANA. Pkaraima: Mts,  Mazaruni River ., 6 2’ 26.6”N 60 39’ 9.6”, 11 February 2004, K.M. Redden, C. Perry, R. Williams, C. Paul, M. Lyle 1843 [flower] (US01073614) ;  Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region, NW of Chi-Chi Falls, 5 35’48.6”, 60 12’48.8”, 762 m, 1 February 2004, K.   Redden, M  .   Lyle, R  .   Williams, C  .   Perry, C  .   Paul 2518 [buds] (US 04170470, NY04170470)  .  VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Casiquiare, R .   Casiquiare, 162 kms de la boca del  Casiquiare, 3 February 1991, M  .   Colella, J  .   Velazco, E  .   Guayamare, S  .   Camico 1766 [fruit] (NY01075152)  .   COLOMBIA. Amazonas-Vaupes:  Rio Apaporis, 10 June 1951, R  .   Schultes &amp; I  .   Cabrera 12497 [buds] (AMES111703, AMES112493); ibid. 4 February 1953, A  .   Fernandez 2146 [fruit] (US 0110316)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387B6FFE9FF81EEA9FDE6747D2501	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole (2023): Vanilla cameroniana (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae), a new species from French Guiana and new records from the Guiana Shield. Phytotaxa 609 (3): 222-232, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.3.5
03E387B6FFE8FF81EEA9FD0272242179.text	03E387B6FFE8FF81EEA9FD0272242179.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla dressleri Soto Arenas 2010	<div><p>2.  Vanilla dressleri Soto Arenas (2010: 303) (Figure 5 G, H)</p><p>Type:— PANAMA. Colón: end of  Pipeline Road on Río Agua Salud, 20–50 m, 15 April 1982, S  .   Knapp &amp; J  .  Mallet 4621 (holotype: MO3032052!) .</p><p>Distribution:— Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana (Figure 4).</p><p>Taxonomic Discussion:—This species is part of a group that includes  Vanilla cribbiana Soto Arenas (2010: 300),  Vanilla hostmanni Rolfe (1896: 462), and  V. corinnae . These species feature long inflorescences with a densely papillose rachis and sepals, and yellowish to orange flowers. What sets  V. dressleri species apart is the sub-rhombic lip, which is unlobed and has flat, minutely papillose veins. While initially thought to be restricted to Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia, the distribution is here expanded to include Venezuela and French Guiana.</p><p>The French Guiana specimen cited here (Cremers et al. 13016) was identified as  Vanilla porteresiana Veyret &amp; Szlach. (1995: 219) by Szlachetko (2016). However, we concur with Soto Arenas &amp; Dressler’s (2010) assessment that  V. porteresiana is based on an immature flower of  V. hostmanni . The wide dorsal keel on the petals depicted for  V. porteresiana (Figure 1 in Szlachetko &amp; Veyret 1995) is characteristic of the immature petals of  V. hostmanni, whereas in mature flowers the keel becomes slimmer. We have compared immature flowers (3 cm long) of  V. hostmanni from Peruvian material with the drawings provided for  V. porteresiana and found no significant differences. Additionally, we were unable to distinguish  V. barrereana Veyret &amp; Szlach. (1995: 2020) which appears to be based on mature flowers as evidenced by its narrow dorsal petal keel and larger size, from any Peruvian, Ecuadorian, or Brazilian specimens of  V. hostmannii that we examined. Even though  V. hostmannii and  V. dressleri share features, such as the papillose external sepals and thickened veins in the lip, they can be easily differentiated by their lip morphology.  V. hostmannii has a clearly trilobed lip, while  V. dressleri has a sub-rhombic lip shape.</p><p>Specimens examined:—   VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Along river just below mouth of  Rio Cunucunuma, 20 June 1959, J. J  .   Wurdack &amp; L. S  .   Adderley 43074 [flower] (US 00319616, NY 04170449)  .   FRENCH GUIANA. Saint-Laurentdu-Maroni:  Layon Eaux Claires-Region de Saul, 53 12’, 3 37’, 250 m, 16 February 1993, Cremers G  .,   Granville J  . &amp;   Mori S. A  .  13016 [flower] (NY04170422) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387B6FFE8FF81EEA9FD0272242179	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole (2023): Vanilla cameroniana (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae), a new species from French Guiana and new records from the Guiana Shield. Phytotaxa 609 (3): 222-232, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.3.5
03E387B6FFE8FF8EEEA9F9AA7523264C.text	03E387B6FFE8FF8EEEA9F9AA7523264C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla corinnae Sambin & Chiron 2017	<div><p>3.  Vanilla corinnae Sambin &amp; Chiron (2017: 26) (Figure 5 I)</p><p>Type:— FRENCH GUIANA.  Cayenne:  Kourou, forêt de transition entre Savane de Matiti et fleuve Kourou, March 2017, A  .   Sambin, G  .   Chiron, J  .   Guiard &amp; C  .  Sambin 1038 (holotype: CAY225561!; isotypes: HJBG 0049!, LY0018955!, LY0006937!) .</p><p>Distribution:— French Guiana, Venezuela (Figure 4).</p><p>Taxonomic Discussion:—This species is not vegetatively distinct from other  V. hostmannii -like species such as  V. cribbiana,  V. hostmannii, and  V. dressleri . However, it can be easily differentiated during flowering by its fan-shaped lip which is not as strongly trilobed as the other three species. Additionally, the rachis and sepals of this species appear to be less densely papillose than those of  V. hostmannii and more similar to  V. cribbiana or  V. dressleri .</p><p>During an herbarium revision, numerous specimens with papillose sepals resembling  V. corinnae were discovered, but unfortunately, their flowers were not well-preserved. Therefore, it was not possible to confirm whether the species is present in other countries within the Guiana Shield. However, considering that  V. corinnae has been identified in Venezuela and the type material originates from French Guiana, it is probable that the species also occurs in Suriname, Guyana, and Brazil. Collecting additional specimens from these regions would greatly assist in confirming these assumptions. The following record represents the first time  V. corinnae is observed outside French Guiana, extending it known geographic range.</p><p>Specimens examined:—   VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Along river just below mouth of  Rio Cunucunuma, 24 May 1959, J. J  .   Wurdack &amp; L. S  .   Adderley 43170 [flower]  (US 00319617, NY01075145, NY01075147, P00367035) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387B6FFE8FF8EEEA9F9AA7523264C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole (2023): Vanilla cameroniana (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae), a new species from French Guiana and new records from the Guiana Shield. Phytotaxa 609 (3): 222-232, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.609.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.3.5
