taxonID	type	description	language	source
06238793FF9EFF95A9A9D6E31E24F86B.taxon	description	Adult — Size. Small, length about 300 – 800. Prodorsum. Rostrum rounded or medially incised (usually tripartite). Costula absent, rarely very short. Transcostula absent, but slight transverse line sometimes developed. Two or more pairs of interbothridial tubercles often present. Postbothridial tubercle and several pairs of interbothridial muscle sigillae present or absent. Rostral and bothridial setae long, setiform. Lamellar and interlamellar setae short to long, setiform. Notogaster. Without humeral tooth and crista. Ten pairs of setiform setae, c developed or represented by alveolus, often dorsal setae la, lm, lp, and h 2 located in two longitudinal rows and clearly longer than other setae. Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum diarthric. Adoral seta present. Chelicera chelate­dentate. Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Epimeral border IV present. Epimeral setal formula: 3 ­ 1 ­ 3 ­ 3, setae setiform. Ventrosejugal tubercle absent. Pedotectum I represented by small lamina. Discidium slightly developed or absent. Anogenital region. With six pairs of genital, one pair of aggenital, two pairs of anal and three pairs of adanal setae, all setiform. Adanal setae ad 1 posterior, ad 2 lateral, ad 3 lateral or anterolateral to anal plate, distance between ad 3 – ad 3 longer than ag – ag and ad 2 – ad 2. Adanal lyrifissure diagonal, located close to anal aperture. Legs. Setae l ″ and v′ present on tarsus I, l ″ present on tarsus II. Tarsus II with two solenidia. Juveniles — Unknown. Key to known species of Setoppia	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Hugo-Coetzee, Elizabeth A., Khaustov, Alexander A. (2020): Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Setoppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa. Acarologia 60 (4): 892-902, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204409
06238793FF9EFF95A9A9D6E31E24F86B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat of Setoppia At present, representatives of Setoppia have been recorded only in the Southern Hemisphere, in the Afrotropical, Neotropical and Australasian regions (Fig. 3). Except for two species (S. angustopili, S. karinae), the other 18 species have a highly circumscribed geographic distribution, i. e. are endemic, to a single country. Afrotropical region (11 species). Eight species of Setoppia (S. antennata, S. clavimera, S. fortis, S. izinyosa, S. quattuor, S. tuberosa, S. verrucosa, and S. paraquattuor n. sp.) were found only in South Africa (see Fig. 4, for distribution). Some species are only known from their type locality: S. antennata was described from Table Mountain in the Table Mountain National Park, Cape Town in south­western South Africa, without designation of sample (Balogh & Mahunka 1966) ; S. clavimera from soil traps of Lottering Forest on Tsitsikamma mountains in Lottering Coast Reserve in southern South Africa (Mahunka 1985) ; S. fortis from KwaZulu­Natal Province in north­eastern South Africa, without designation of sample (Balogh & Mahunka 1966) ; S. tuberosa from Nature’s Valley in Cape Province in south­eastern South Africa (Mahunka 1984) ; S. izinyosa from soil and leaves under shrubs of Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve in KwaZulu­Natal Province in north­eastern South Africa (Hugo­Coetzee 2017) ; and S. paraquattuor n. sp. from soil in Golden Gate Highlands National Park near Lesotho in central South Africa (this paper). Other South African species were recorded in more localities: S. verrucosa was described from Lottering Forest on Tsitsikamma mountains in Lottering Coast Reserve in southern South Africa (Mahunka 1985), but was also recorded in Wilderness National Park, southern South Africa, from leaf litter in forest (data from NMB collection) ; S. quattuor was described from soil and leaves under poplar trees and Leucosidia sp. at Fouriesburg near Lesotho in central South Africa (Kok 1967), but has a wide distribution (data from NMB collection) from central to north­eastern parts of South Africa (see Fig. 4) and has been recorded in various habitats, from moist to dry soils and leaves in forests, sugarcane and grasslands. Setoppia quattuor was also recorded in Lesotho (data from NMB collection). Setoppia karinae was originally described from mountainous Chimanimani District (previous Melsetter) of Manicaland Province in eastern Zimbabwe, without designation of sample (Mahunka 1973). It was also recorded in KwaZulu­Natal Province, north­eastern South Africa, in Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve (Hugo­Coetzee 2017) and near Leisure Bay (data from NMB collection) from soil and leaves in coastal forest vegetation, and also near Harding from grass under Pine trees. The other two Afrotropical species, Setoppia szaboi was described from soil and litter in Kwamsambia Forest Reserve of Tanga region near Kwamkoro in north­eastern Tanzania (Mahunka 1988) and S. vanga from soil in primary forest in Nosy Boraha Island at the eastern coast of Madagascar (Mahunka 1994). Neotropical region (two species). Setoppia angustopili was originally described from Chile and later recorded in Argentina. It was recorded from moss and fern on moist mouldering soil in forests of bamboo and tall trees in the Andes Mountains near Peulla in central Chile (Hammer 1962) and from soil, leaf litter and pitfall traps in Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus forests of north­western Patagonia (Kun et al. 2010), and from an unknown collecting site in Argentina in the north­western Patagonia (Balogh & Csiszár 1963). Setoppia parrillarensis was described from swamp moss near Laguna Parrillar National Park in southern Chile (Ermilov 2019). Australasian region (seven species). Six species of Setoppia (S. bornemisszai, S. compressa, S. longisetosa, S. strinovichi, S. toroki, and S. toxotes) were found and described in Australia: S. bornemisszai, S. strinovichi, S. toroki, and S. toxotes were registered from litter in rainforest near Urbenville village in eastern Australia (Balogh 1982) ; S. compressa from wet sclerophyllous rain forest on Mount Glorious in Queensland in north­eastern Australia, without designation of sample (Balogh & Mahunka 1975) ; and S. longisetosa from black rock, dry sclerophyllous country in Queensland in north­eastern Australia, without designation of sample (Balogh & Mahunka 1975). Setoppia mahunkai was recorded from Selaginella vegetation and dead leaves under tree­ferns of native forest on the west coast of the North Island near New Plymouth in New Zealand (Hammer 1968).	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Hugo-Coetzee, Elizabeth A., Khaustov, Alexander A. (2020): Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Setoppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa. Acarologia 60 (4): 892-902, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204409
06238793FF9FFF9AA9A9D3151894FAD2.taxon	description	Zoobank: 3 CCF 98 C 5 - C 43 B- 4 D 7 D- 9 BC 7 - 57 FA 7 CAB 91 BF (Figures 1, 2)	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Hugo-Coetzee, Elizabeth A., Khaustov, Alexander A. (2020): Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Setoppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa. Acarologia 60 (4): 892-902, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204409
06238793FF9FFF9AA9A9D3151894FAD2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis — Body size: 381 – 465 × 215 – 249. Rostrum tripartite. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae long, setiform, barbed ; in shorter than ro and le. Bothridial seta very long, setiform, shortly ciliate. Interbothridial region with two pairs of muscle sigillae and two pairs of interbothridial tubercles. Notogastral seta c minute ; h 1 and h 3 very short, setiform, smooth ; p 1, p 2 and p 3 of medium length, setiform, slightly barbed ; la, lm, lp, and h 2 long, subequal in length, setiform, barbed, inserted in two longitudinal rows. Epimeral and anogenital setae setiform, slightly barbed. Discidium not observed.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Hugo-Coetzee, Elizabeth A., Khaustov, Alexander A. (2020): Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Setoppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa. Acarologia 60 (4): 892-902, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204409
06238793FF9FFF9AA9A9D3151894FAD2.taxon	description	Description — Measurements – Body length 415 (holotype), 381 – 465 (nine paratypes) ; body width 215 (holotype), 215 – 249 (nine paratypes). No distinct difference between male and female in body size. Integument (Figs 1 A, 1 C) – Body color light brown to brown. Body surface microporose (visible only under high magnification in dissected specimens, × 1000). Lateral part of rostrum foveolate (diameter of foveola up to 1). Lateral parts of body between bothridium and acetabula I­III with numerous cuticular granules (their diameter up to 4). Prodorsum (Figs 1 A, 1 C) – Rostrum tripartite, teeth small, tightly pressed to each other, incision between teeth vary narrow, median tooth smallest or reduced. Rostral (53 – 61), lamellar (53 – 61) and interlamellar (41 – 49) setae setiform, barbed ; le equally removed from ro and in. Exobothridial seta (20) setiform, thin, slightly barbed. Bothridial seta (184 – 196) setiform, shortly ciliate. Interbothridial region with two pairs of muscle sigillae and two pairs (anterior and posterior) of interbothridial tubercles. Postbothridial tubercle slightly developed. Longitudinal row, comprising several muscle sigillae, present in front of the bothridium. Notogaster (Figs 1 A – 1 C) – Anterior border convex medially. Ten pairs of notogastral setae present: c (4), h 1 (8 – 12) and h 3 (8 – 12) setiform, thin, smooth ; p 1 (24 – 28), p 2 (16 – 20) and p 3 (16 – 20) setiform, thin, slightly barbed ; la, lm, lp, and h 2 (114 – 135) setiform, barbed, inserted in two longitudinal rows. All notogastral lyrifissures and opisthonotal gland opening, circumgastric scissure, and circumgastric sigillar band distinct. Gnathosoma (Figs 2 A – 2 C) – Subcapitulum longer than wide (86 – 94 × 69 – 77). Subcapitular setae setiform, barbed, a (22 – 24) shorter than m (28 – 32) and h (28 – 32). Adoral seta (6) setiform, thin, smooth. Palp (61 – 65) with setation 0 ­ 2 ­ 1 ­ 3 ­ 8 (+ 1 solenidion). Solenidion swollen distally and connected with seta ul′. Postpalpal seta (4) spiniform, smooth. Chelicera (86 – 94) with two setiform, barbed setae, cha (26 – 28) longer than chb (18 – 20). Trägårdh’s organ of chelicerae elongate triangular. Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Figs 1 B, 1 C) – All epimeral setae setiform, slightly barbed, 1 b, 1 c, 3 b, and 3 c (45 – 49) longer than 1 a, 2 a and 3 a (16 – 20) and others (24 – 28). Discidium not observed. Anogenital region (Figs 1 B, 1 C) – Six pairs of genital (g 1, 14 – 16 ; others, 10 – 12), one pair of aggenital (30 – 32), three pairs of adanal (30 – 32) and two pairs of anal (22 – 24) setae setiform, slightly barbed. Adanal lyrifissure diagonal, close and lateral to anal aperture. Legs (Figs 2 D – 2 G) – Leg claw smooth. Porose area on femora I­IV slightly visible. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1 ­ 5 ­ 2 ­ 4 ­ 20) [1 ­ 2 ­ 2], II (1 ­ 5 ­ 2 ­ 4 ­ 16) [1 ­ 1 ­ 2], III (2 ­ 3 ­ 1 ­ 3 ­ 15) [1 ­ 1 ­ 0], IV (1 ­ 2 ­ 2 ­ 3 ­ 12) [0 ­ 1 ­ 0] ; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Setae p setiform on tarsi I, and very short, conical on tarsi II­IV. Famulus of tarsus I erect, slightly swollen and blunted distally, inserted between solenidia 1 ω and ω 2. Solenidia ω 1 on tarsi I, ω 1 and ω 2 on tarsi II and σ on genua III bacilliform, other solenidia setiform.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Hugo-Coetzee, Elizabeth A., Khaustov, Alexander A. (2020): Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Setoppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa. Acarologia 60 (4): 892-902, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204409
06238793FF9FFF9AA9A9D3151894FAD2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined — Holotype (male) and nine paratypes (two males and seven females): South Africa, Golden Gate Highlands National Park, 28 ° 31 ′ S, 28 ° 39 ′ E, ~ 1900 m a. s. l., soil near termite nests of Trinervitermes trinervoides, 11. IX. 2019 (collected by V. A. Khaustov, S. G. Ermilov, E. A. Hugo­Coetzee and A. A. Khaustov). Type deposition — The holotype is deposited in the collection of the NMB ; nine paratypes are deposited in the collection of the TSUMZ. All specimens are preserved in 70 % solution of ethanol with a drop of glycerol.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Hugo-Coetzee, Elizabeth A., Khaustov, Alexander A. (2020): Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Setoppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa. Acarologia 60 (4): 892-902, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204409
06238793FF9FFF9AA9A9D3151894FAD2.taxon	etymology	Etymology — The name paraquattuor refers to the similarity between the new species and Setoppia quattuor Kok, 1967.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Hugo-Coetzee, Elizabeth A., Khaustov, Alexander A. (2020): Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Setoppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa. Acarologia 60 (4): 892-902, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204409
06238793FF9FFF9AA9A9D3151894FAD2.taxon	discussion	Remarks — The holotype and paratypes of S. quattuor, housed at NMB, were re­examined. It was observed that all types have a tripartite rostrum (incorrectly described and figured by Kok, 1967 as rounded), with wide lateral teeth, wide incision, and a medium sized middle tooth. With this new evidence, Setoppia paraquattuor n. sp. is morphologically most similar to Setoppia quattuor and S. tuberosa in having tripartite rostrum, very long bothridial seta, long notogastral setae la, lm, lp, and h 2 located in two longitudinal rows and other notogastral setae short. Setoppia paraquattuor n. sp. differs from S. quattuor by the smaller lateral teeth and incision in the rostrum, very short seta h 3 (versus longer), similar sized notogastral setae la, lm, lp, and h 2 (114 – 135) (versus setae of different sizes ; la, h 2 ~ 88, lm ~ 100, lp ~ 130) and seta p 1 longer than p 2 and p 3 (versus p 1, p 2 and p 3 subequal in size). The new species differs from S. tuberosa by the smaller or reduced middle tooth and incisions in the rostrum, smaller body size (381 – 465 × 215 – 249 versus 475 – 533 × 270 – 303) and the presence of long interlamellar seta (versus very short) and two pairs of interbothridial tubercles (versus four or five pairs).	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Hugo-Coetzee, Elizabeth A., Khaustov, Alexander A. (2020): Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Setoppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), with description of a new species from South Africa. Acarologia 60 (4): 892-902, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204409, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204409
