identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DC9465E22BFFD2AFF1FCB41E49108E.text	03DC9465E22BFFD2AFF1FCB41E49108E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Francolinus Altumi G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Francolinus Altumi G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 179.</p> <p>Now: Pternistis hildebrandti altumi (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Reichenow (1901: 477); Peters (1934: 80), but see also Crowe et al. (1986) and Turner (2016).</p> <p>Lectotype (herein designated, see below for explanation): ZMB 27402 (B 18682, Fischer no. 858), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Naiwascha”, 11.06.[18]83.</p> <p>Excluded Paralectotype: ZMH 8214 (Fischer no. 679), skin, former mount, male, collected at Maurui, 03.02.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “Naiwaschasee, Maeru Berg und an der Küste bei Maurui” (Lake Naivasha, Mount Meru and at the coast near Maurui) [North Tanzania /South Kenya from Lake Naivasha, to the coast]; from original description, and designated here as “Naiwascha” [Lake Naivasha, Nakuru County, Kenya], the locality of the lectotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen nor are there inventory numbers for specimens listed, but measurements for more than one individual were given. Fischer (1884) listed two specimens as Francolinus altumi (Fischer nos. 679 and 858) and mentioned that he had also seen this species “in Gross-Aruscha am MaeruBerge”. Thus, ZMB 27402 and ZMH 8214 were both the basis for the description of this species and would seem to be syntypes. ZMH 8214 was also mentioned as a type specimen for this species in Bolau (1898).</p> <p>In the same publication (Fischer 1884) two other specimens (females, Fischer nos. 857, 909) were designated as Francolinus hildebrandti (Cabanis), which means that females collected during that period were not considered to belong to altumi (see Turner 2016). Fischer no. 857 is now in Berlin (ZMB 27401), but no. 909 is missing. Neither belong to the type series of altumi.</p> <p>As P. h. altumi has a restricted range in and west of the central Rift Valley, ZMH 8214 also represents the nominate form and must be excluded from the type series. Thus, we designate ZMB 27402 as lectotype for Francolinus altumi. Further we ascertain the type locality as “Naiwascha” [Lake Naivasha, Nakuru County, Kenya], the locality of the lectotype.</p> <p>Treatment of the form altumi has long varied among authors. It is distinguishable only in females, in which mottling on the mantle and breast is most evident in birds from the central Rift Valley in Kenya around lakes Nakuru and Naivasha, this decreases substantially in birds further south. Reichenow (1901) appeared not to recognize its validity, instead treating altumi as a synonym of hildebrandti. Later Crowe et al. (1986) considered that any geographical variation in hildebrandti was clinal and not well defined by any subspecific division, and so recommended it be regarded as monotypic.</p> <p>There is no justification for the recognition of altumi, named and described solely on the basis of two males (Turner 2016).</p> <p>The name Francolinus altumi honors Bernard Altum (1824–1900), a well-known German ornithologist.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22BFFD2AFF1FCB41E49108E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E228FFD1AFF1FBEF1E471267.text	03DC9465E228FFD1AFF1FBEF1E471267.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Francolinus Altumi G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Francolinus (Pternistes [sic]) leucoparaeus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884c: 263.</p> <p>Now: Pternistis afer leucoparaeus (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Peters (1934: 86).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24393 (B 15730, Fischer no. 247), skin, former mount, female, collected at Kipini, 19.07.[1878].</p> <p>Type locality: Kipini [Kipini, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen, and no inventory number was given. Only one specimen (female) was mentioned, together with a link to Francolinus nudicollis in Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879). Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) listed only one specimen (no. 247), so ZMB 24393 is regarded as the holotype.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E228FFD1AFF1FBEF1E471267	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E228FFD1AFF1FF6118431511.text	03DC9465E228FFD1AFF1FF6118431511.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Francolinus fischeri Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Francolinus Fischeri Reichenow, 1887: 51.</p> <p>Now: Pternistis hildebrandti hildebrandti (Cabanis, 1878). See Reichenow (1901: 478); but see also Peters (1934: 81); Crowe et al. (2019).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 30915 [Fischer no. 56, see Reichenow (1887: 51)], skin, female, former mount, collected on the “Weg nach Ussure” (Wembere floodplains on the way to Ussure), 04.10.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Weg nach Ussure” [Wembere floodplains on the way to Ussure (near Salanda), Singida Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no inventory number for the type specimen was given, but one specimen (no. 56) and the collecting data were mentioned. As only a female was described and the measurements for one individual were given, ZMB 30915 is regarded as the holotype.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E228FFD1AFF1FF6118431511	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E228FFD1AFF1FD821AD914FB.text	03DC9465E228FFD1AFF1FD821AD914FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pternistes rufopictus Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Pternistes [sic] rufopictus Reichenow, 1887: 52.</p> <p>Now: Pternistis rufopictus Reichenow, 1887. See Reichenow (1901: 464); Peters (1934: 84).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 30918 (Fischer no. 88), skin, former mount, male, collected in “Wembaere”, 28.10.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Wembaere” [Wembere Plain, Singida Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no inventory number for the type specimen was given, but one specimen (no. 88) and the collecting data were mentioned. As measurements for one individual (male) were given, ZMB 30918 is regarded as the holotype.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E228FFD1AFF1FD821AD914FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E228FFD0AFF1FA1818A5162E.text	03DC9465E228FFD0AFF1FA1818A5162E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turtur perspicillata G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Turtur perspicillata G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 179.</p> <p>Now: Streptopelia decipiens perspicillata (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Peters (1937: 94).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27403 (B 18676, Fischer no. 780), skin, former mount, male, collected in “Nguruman, Massailand”, 21.04.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 8316 (Fischer no. 742), skin, former mount, male, collected on the “Ronga-Flüsschen”, 27.03.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “Massailand (Nguruman)”, from the original description, ascertained as Nguruman [Nguruman, Kajiado County, Kenya] and “Ronga-Flüsschen” [Ronga River, Arusha Region, Tanzania] as localities of the syntypes (compare Peters 1937: 94).</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and no inventory numbers for specimens were provided, but measurements for more than one were given. The measurements are identical with those given in Fischer (1884) for the specimens nos. 742 and 780, so ZMB 27403 and ZMH 8316 are regarded as syntypes.Another Fischer specimen (ZMB 2000.10644) was collected in 1885, too late to have been included in the description, and so is not regarded as a type specimen. ZMB 27403 was inventoried in Mar 1884 with the note “ex originale” (exemplum originale, type specimen). ZMH 8316 was mentioned as type specimen for this species in Bolau (1898). We ascertain the type locality as “Nguruman” [Nguruman, Kajiado County, Kenya] and “Ronga-Flüsschen” [Ronga River, Arusha Region, Tanzania], the localities of the syntypes. Peters (1937) incorrectly restricted the type locality to “Nguruman” [Nguruman, Kajado County, Kenya], by not including the locality of the second syntype.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E228FFD0AFF1FA1818A5162E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E229FFD0AFF1F92B18F510DA.text	03DC9465E229FFD0AFF1F92B18F510DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cypselus niansae Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Cypselus Niansae Reichenow, 1887: 61.</p> <p>Now: Apus niansae niansae (Reichenow, 1887). See Reichenow (1902a: 379); but see also Peters (1940: 247).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 49.331 (Fischer no. 126), skin, female, collected at “Kagehi”, 16.11.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Kagehi” [Kayenzi, Mwanza Region, northern Tanzania] as the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description only one specimen (no. 126) was given, so ZMB 49.331 is regarded as the holotype. It was inventoried in 1949 with the notice “Typ” [type specimen].</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E229FFD0AFF1F92B18F510DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E229FFD0AFF1FAE51F6E11B8.text	03DC9465E229FFD0AFF1FAE51F6E11B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cypselus stictilaemus Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Cypselus stictilaemus Reichenow, 1879b: 114.</p> <p>Now: Telacanthura ussheri stictilaema (Reichenow, 1879). See Reichenow (1903b: 387); Peters (1940: 240).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24265 (B 15715, Fischer no. 360), skin, former mount, male, collected at Ualimi, 22.10.[1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Ualimi (Ostafrica)” [Ualimi country, Tana River County, Kenya] from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) listed for this species only one specimen (no. 360), whose measurements are identical to that in Reichenow (1879b), so ZMB 24265 is regarded as the holotype. It was inventoried in March 1884 with the note “ex originale”.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E229FFD0AFF1FAE51F6E11B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E229FFD0AFF1FE9919C71349.text	03DC9465E229FFD0AFF1FE9919C71349.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Treron calva subsp. granviki Grote 1924	<div><p>Treron calva granviki Grote, 1924: 102.</p> <p>Now: Treron calvus gibberifrons (Madarász, 1915). See White (1965); but see also Peters (37: 21).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 50.175 (Conrads no. 99), skin, male, collected by H.A. Conrads on Ukerewe Island, 27.06.[1908].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.13398 (Conrads no. 102), skin, female, collected by H.A. Conrads on Ukerewe Island, 30.06.[1908].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.13392 (Conrads no. 101), skin, male, collected by H.A. Conrads on Ukerewe Island, 30.06.[1908].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2002.369 (Conrads no. 72), skin, male, collected by H.A. Conrads on Ukerewe Island, 20.06.[1908].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2002.370 (Conrads no. 69), skin, male, collected by H.A. Conrads on Ukerewe Island, 20.06.[1908].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2002.371 (Conrads no. 71), skin, female, collected by H.A. Conrads on Ukerewe Island, 20.06.[1908].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2002.372 (Conrads no. 86), skin, male, collected by H.A. Conrads on Ukerewe Island, 24.06.[1908].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2002.373, skin, collected by H.A. Conrads on Ukerewe Island, 1908.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2002.374 skin, collected by H.A. Conrads on Ukerewe Island, 1908.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2002.375, skin, female, collected by W.L.H. von der Marwitz at Mkalama, 10.05.[1904].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2002.376, skin, female, collected by W.L.H. von der Marwitz on the “Wembere-Steppe” (Wembere Plain), [1903–1905].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2002.377 (Fischer no. 187), skin, male, collected by G.A. Fischer at “Kagehi”, 06.12.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Ukerewe-Insel” [Ukerewe Island, Mara Region, Tanzania] as the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, a holotype was chosen and characterized by the collecting data. The paratypes were given with collecting dates. Among the paratypes is one Fischer specimen. One of the specimens collected by Conrads was determined as Treron calva brevicera Hartert &amp; Goodson (“Strichvogel aus dem Osten”) by Grote (1924). As they all have the same locality and all are recognized as gibberifrons today it was not possible to identify that individual specimen. The name of the subspecies honors the Swedish collector Hugo Granvik (1889– 1965) for his research on the East African avifauna.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E229FFD0AFF1FE9919C71349	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22EFFD7AFF1FF2919BE15D2.text	03DC9465E22EFFD7AFF1FF2919BE15D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropus fischeri Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Centropus Fischeri Reichenow, 1887: 57.</p> <p>Now: Centropus monachus fischeri Reichenow, 1887. See Peters (1940: 74); but see also Reichenow (1902a: 64).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 50.78 (Fischer no. 244), skin, female, juvenile, collected at “Niakatschi”, 05.03.[1886].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.310 (Fischer no. 227), skin, male, juvenile, collected at Kiniamongo, 30.01.[1886].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Niakatschi” and “Kiniamongo” as well as “Nassa am Speke Golf” [Nyashimo at Speke Gulf, Simiyu Region, Tanzania] are given in the original description. The type locality was ascertained as “Niakatschi” [Nyakach Bay, Kisumu County, Kenya] and Kiniamongo [Kiniamongo, Mara Region, Tanzania], the localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen nor were inventory numbers for specimens given, but at least two individuals were cited in the description with the collecting data. As the collecting data of ZMB 50.78 and ZMB 2002.310 are identical to the data in the species description, these specimens are regarded as syntypes. ZMB 50.78 was inventoried in 1950 with the notice “Typ”. “Nassa am Speke Golf” was included in the description as a locality of observation (Reichenow 1887).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22EFFD7AFF1FF2919BE15D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22EFFD7AFF1FAC91AC110B7.text	03DC9465E22EFFD7AFF1FAC91AC110B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corythaix hartlaubi G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Corythaix Hartlaubi G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 52.</p> <p>Now: Tauraco hartlaubi (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Reichenow (1902a: 42); Peters (1940: 7).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27399 (B 18666, Fischer no. 958), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Aruscha”, [18.7.1883].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6875 (Fischer no. 959), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Gross Aruscha”, 18.7.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): Fischer no. 939, male, collected at “Gross Aruscha”, [15.7.1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “Am Fusse des Maeru -Berg (Massai)” (at the foot of Mount Maeru (Massai)), from the original description (see Peters 1940: 7). We ascertain the type locality as Arusha [Arusha, Arusha Region, Tanzania], the locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen nor were inventory numbers for specimens given, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “am Fusse des Maeru-Berg (Massai)” were mentioned. The measurements given agree with specimen no. 959 (Fischer 1884). As all the above-listed specimens were collected at the same time, fit the locus typicus and were identified as that species in Fischer (1884), they are regarded as syntypes. ZMB 27399 was inventoried in Mar 1884 with the note “ex originale”. ZMH 6875 was also mentioned as type for this species in Bolau (1898). The whereabouts of specimen no. 939 are unknown. This species’ name honors the German ornithologist Gustav Hartlaub (1814–1900).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22EFFD7AFF1FAC91AC110B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22EFFD7AFF1FCC51F561396.text	03DC9465E22EFFD7AFF1FCC51F561396.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cuculus validus Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Cuculus validus Reichenow, 1879c: 139.</p> <p>Now: Pachycoccyx audebert validus (Reichenow, 1879). See Reichenow (1902a: 83); Peters (1940: 14).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24266 (B 15721, Fischer no. 330), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Muniuni, Ostafrika”, 25.09.[1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “Muniuni (Ostafrika)” [Munyuni, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen nor were inventory numbers for specimens given, but measurements for one individual were mentioned. These measurements are identical to those for specimen no. 330 in Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879: 341). Thus, ZMB 24266 is regarded as the holotype.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22EFFD7AFF1FCC51F561396	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22FFFD6AFF1FD3A1ACA1273.text	03DC9465E22FFFD6AFF1FD3A1ACA1273.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corythaix cabanisi Reichenow 1883	<div><p>Corythaix Cabanisi Reichenow, 1883: 221.</p> <p>Now: Tauraco livingstonii cabanisi (Reichenow, 1883). See Reichenow (1902a: 51); Peters (1940: 4).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 26953 (B 18402, Fischer no. 457), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Bagamojo”, [08.1879].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Bagamojo” [Bagamoyo, Pwani Region, Tanzania] and “Nguru-Berge” [Nguru Mts, Morogoro Region, Tanzania], from the original description, here ascertained as “Bagamojo” [Bagamoyo, Pwani Region, Tanzania] as being the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and no inventory numbers for specimens were provided, but measurements for one specimen and the localities “Bagamojo” and “Nguru-Berge” were given. As Fischer (1885a) includes no. 417 (possibly ZMB 24919, Corythaix reichenowi) from Nguru Mountains for this species and Reichenow (1894) states that this species is known from only one specimen collected in “Bagamojo”, it is unclear whether a collected specimen of cabanisi exists from the Nguru Mountains. Thus, ZMB 26953 is regarded as the holotype. It was inventoried in 1883–1884 with the note “ex originale”.</p> <p>There is an additional Fischer specimen of this species in the collection in Berlin (ZMB 2000.24001). However, this specimen has only “ Tanzania ” as locality and no date, so it is not regarded as being a part of the type series.</p> <p>This species’ name honors the German ornithologist and curator of the ornithological collection at the ZMB, Jean Louis Cabanis (1816–1906).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22FFFD6AFF1FD3A1ACA1273	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22FFFD6AFF1FA6718C51062.text	03DC9465E22FFFD6AFF1FA6718C51062.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corythaix fischeri Reichenow 1878	<div><p>Corythaix Fischeri Reichenow, 1878a: 88.</p> <p>Now: Tauraco fischeri fischeri (Reichenow, 1878). See Reichenow (1902a: 44); Peters (1940: 6).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 23372 (B 15062, Fischer no. 149), skin, former mount, collected in the Witu forest, 16.11.[1877].</p> <p>Type locality: Wito [Witu forest, Lamu County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Wito” were given. Therefore, ZMB 23372 is regarded as the holotype. It was inventoried in 1878 with the note “ex originale”. Two other Fischer specimens of this species, ZMB 27413 (which arrived in Berlin in Mar 1884) and ZMH 7864 (collected in Nov 1878) arrived too late to be considered types, as the description was published in Jun 1878. Reichenow (1878b) mentioned male, female and juvenile in a sales list for this species, but their whereabouts are unknown.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22FFFD6AFF1FA6718C51062	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22FFFD6AFF1FF611AA31549.text	03DC9465E22FFFD6AFF1FF611AA31549.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corythaix reichenowi G. A. Fischer 1880	<div><p>Corythaix Reichenowi G.A. Fischer, 1880a: 174.</p> <p>Now: Tauraco livingstonii reichenowi (G.A. Fischer, 1880). See Reichenow (1902a: 53); but see also Peters (1940: 4).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24919 (B 16557), skin, former mount, male, collected in “Nguru-Berge”, [between 1877 and 1880].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Nguru-Berge, tropisches Ost-Afrika” [Nguru Mts, Morogoro Region, Tanzania], from the original description. It is also the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and no inventory numbers for specimens were provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Nguru-Berge” were given. Therefore ZMB 24919, which lacks a collector’s number, is regarded as the holotype, having been inventoried in 1880 with the note “ex originale”. As Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1880a) listed only one specimen of Corythaix livingstoni (no. 417) from “Nguru Berge” (Nguru Mountains), this may be that specimen. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1880a) gave no collecting date, but there are specimens from that region only from May–Jun 1879. ZMB 24919 was believed collected by a local collector for Fischer.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22FFFD6AFF1FF611AA31549	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22CFFD5AFF1FF291BD6140E.text	03DC9465E22CFFD5AFF1FF291BD6140E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charadrius venustus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Charadrius venustus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 178.</p> <p>Now: Charadrius pallidus venustus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884. See Reichenow (1900c: 173); but see also Peters (1934: 250).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27030 (B 18687, Fischer no. 897), skin, former mount, male, collected in “Salzsumpf Massailand”, 01.07.[1883].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27031 (B 18687, Fischer no. 898), skin, former mount, female, collected in “[Salzsumpf] Massailand”, [01.07.1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Massailand (Inneres Ost-Afrika)” [Kenya/Tanzania], from the original description, ascertained as the saline wetlands of Lake Natron (northern Tanzania) [= southeastern shore of Lake Natron, close to the Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano, Arusha Region, Tanzania], the collecting locality of both syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen, nor were inventory numbers for specimens given. Both sexes were described and measurements for more than one specimen were given. Two specimens collected by Fischer (nos. 897, 898) were given in Fischer (1884). Regarding the type locality in the description, all Fischer specimens from that region in the Berlin collection (ZMB 27030, ZMB 27031) are regarded as syntypes. ZMB 27030 was inventoried in 1884–1885 with the note “ex originale”, and the collector’s number 898 was added to ZMB 27031 based on its collecting data.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22CFFD5AFF1FF291BD6140E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22CFFD5AFF1FC791A851186.text	03DC9465E22CFFD5AFF1FC791A851186.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemiparra hybrida Reichenow 1909	<div><p>Hemiparra hybrida Reichenow, 1909: 42.</p> <p>Now: Vanellus crassirostris crassirostris (Hartlaub, 1855). See White (1965: 120); but see also Peters (1934: 237).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.47825 (Fischer no. 407), skin, collected at “Tschara”, 08.12.[1878].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.47828, skin, collected at “Kagehi”, [between 11.1885 and 01.1886].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27338 (B 17561), mount, male, collected by R. Böhm at Kakoma, 01.[1881].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 50.130, skin, collected by A.F.H. von Mecklenburg at Shirati, 18.11.[1905].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected by R. Böhm in the Ugalla.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected by R. Böhm at “Upembasee” (Lake Upemba), Feb.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected by Emin Pasha at Niangesi, Oct.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected by Emin Pasha at “Buingo”, Oct.</p> <p>Type locality: “Deutsch-Ost-Afrika” [South Kenya/Tanzania], from the original description and localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen and no inventory numbers for specimens were given, but Reichenow (1909) refers to Reichenow (1900c: 185) where he described an intermediate form between Hemiparra crassirostris Hartlaub and H. leucoptera (today Vanellus crassirostris crassirostris and V. c. leucopterus) without giving a name. In 1909 he gave the name Hemiparra hybrida Reichenow to these presumed hybrids. Reichenow (1900c) lists all the specimens (with month, locality, and collector) that he includes in the presumed hybrids. All are regarded as syntypes for H. hybrida. ZMB 50.130 was inventoried in 1950 as type specimen for H. hybrida. It was collected after Reichenow (1900c) and is not listed therein, but fits the type locality and was collected before 1909, so is included in the type series. The whereabouts of the missing specimens are unknown. Neumann (in Grant &amp; Mackworth-Praed 1936) wrongly reported that “the type” was collected in Shirati. There is no indication that these specimens are hybrids.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22CFFD5AFF1FC791A851186	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22CFFD4AFF1F8F119431656.text	03DC9465E22CFFD4AFF1F8F119431656.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanibyx melanopterus subsp. minor Zedlitz 1908	<div><p>Stephanibyx melanopterus minor Zedlitz, 1908: 180.</p> <p>Now: Vanellus melanopterus minor (Zedlitz, 1908). See White (1965: 122).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.19179 (Fischer no. 236), skin, female, collected at Niakune, 16.02.1886.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 29738, skin, collected by Konrad Beyrich, in “ Pondoland, St. Johns Fluss ”, [1888–1889].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): ZMB 20205 (B6815), collected by G. T. Fritsch in “ S. Afrika ” [South Africa], [1863–1866].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Ost- und Südafrika” [East and South Africa], from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, the three specimens were given as syntypes, and were identified by their ZMB or Fischer’s collecting numbers. Niakune is near the eastern shore of Lake Victoria, but is slightly out-ofrange for this species. Either the specimen was a vagrant or the locality is wrong. Clancey (1965) restricted the type locality to “St. Johns River, Pondoland”.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22CFFD4AFF1F8F119431656	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22DFFD4AFF1FE091A2E1300.text	03DC9465E22DFFD4AFF1FE091A2E1300.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cursorius gracilis G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Cursorius gracilis G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 178.</p> <p>Now: Smutsornis africanus gracilis (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Peters (1934: 301).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27028 (B 18685, Fischer no. 723), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Klein Aruscha”, 18.03.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27029 (B 18685, Fischer no. 708), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Ebene bei Pare” = Plains near the South Pare Mountains, 07.03.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.32548 (Fischer no. 743), skin, male, juvenile, collected at “Akazienhain am Rongaflüsschen”, 27.03.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 8320 (Fischer no. 900), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Dönjo Ngai”, 04.07.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Massailand ” [Kenya / Tanzania], from the original description, here ascertained as Arusha Region [Arusha Region, Tanzania] for the localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen, and no inventory numbers for specimens were given, but measurements were given for more than one individual, and all specimens listed here were shown in Fischer (1884) for this species. Thus, as all the localities are in “Massailand”, all Fischer specimens of this species from that region at the ZMB and ZMH are syntypes. ZMH 8320 was also mentioned as type specimen for this species in Bolau (1898).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22DFFD4AFF1FE091A2E1300	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22DFFD4AFF1FB3B190312CE.text	03DC9465E22DFFD4AFF1FB3B190312CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scotopelia peli subsp. fischeri Zedlitz 1908	<div><p>Scotopelia peli fischeri Zedlitz, 1908: 172, 173.</p> <p>Now: Scotopelia peli Bonaparte, 1850. See Peters (1940: 123).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24593 (Fischer no. 406), skin, male, collected at Kau, 10.12.[1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Kau, Ostafrika” [Kau (Ngau), Tana River County, Kenya], as the description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: The original description lists only one specimen with the inventory number ZMB 24593, and it is thus regarded here as the holotype.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22DFFD4AFF1FB3B190312CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E22DFFCBAFF1F9611E9E146E.text	03DC9465E22DFFCBAFF1F9611E9E146E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Accipiter minullus subsp. tropicalis Reichenow 1898	<div><p>Accipiter minullus tropicalis Reichenow, 1898: 139.</p> <p>Now: Accipiter minullus tropicalis Reichenow, 1898. See Peters (1931: 222).</p> <p>Lectotype: ZMB 31899, skin, female, adult, collected by Oscar Neumann at Tanga, 03.[1893].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 23542 (Fischer no. 144), mount, male, juvenile, collected in the Witu area, 10.11.[1877].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 79.77 (Fischer no. 604), skin, female, adult, collected at “Usegua”, 06.[1882].</p> <p>Debatable Paratype: ZMB 32896, skin, male, adult, collected by Oscar Neumann at Kahe, 14.01.[1895].</p> <p>Debatable Paratype: ZMB 79.75, skin, female, adult, collected by W.L.H. von der Marwitz at Marangu, 19.02.[1895].</p> <p>Debatable Paratype: ZMB 79.76, skin, female, adult, collected by R. Böhm at “Qua Mpara”, 20.07.1883.</p> <p>Debatable Paratype: ZMB 32897, skin, female, juvenile, collected by O. Neumann at “Kibosho”, 05.01.[1895].</p> <p>Type locality: East Africa, from the original description, ascertained as Tanga [Tanga Region, Tanzania] the locality of the lectotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen, nor were inventory numbers for specimens given; only the locality “Ostafrika” (East Africa) was mentioned. Therefore, all specimens of this species from that region housed at the ZMB in 1898 are regarded as types for A. m. tropicalis. All the above listed types were also mentioned for A. m. tropicalis in Reichenow (1901), and were identified by their collecting locality, month and collector. Only ZMB 32897 is not included in Reichenow (1901). It is unknown whether Reichenow regarded that juvenile female as belonging to A. m. tropicalis. Further specimens listed in Reichenow (1901) cannot be included in the type series as it is unknown where they are housed and when they were collected.</p> <p>There is considerable uncertainty concerning the subspecific differentiation of Accipiter minullus (Daudin) (see Dickinson &amp; Remsen 2013; del Hoyo &amp; Collar 2014; Gill et al. 2023). Furthermore, the distribution of the proposed subspecies tropicalis is also unclear. Del Hoyo &amp; Collar (2014) give Somalia, coastal Kenya to Mozambique for A. m. tropicalis. However, many of the specimens used for the description of the subspecies were collected inland, west to the DR Congo (Qua Mpara). In addition to Reichenow (1898, 1901), Neumann (1899: 43) explicitly wrote that ZMB 31899, ZMB 32896, and ZMB 79.77 show the characteristics of A. m. tropicalis, with a brighter back, in contrast to the distribution in del Hoyo &amp; Collar (2014). Due to missing data we cannot determine the distribution of specimens with characters given by Reichenow (1898, 1901) for that subspecies. However as a coastal distribution is generally accepted (see White 1965 and del Hoyo &amp; Collar 2014), ZMB 23542, ZMB 31899 as well as ZMB 79.77 are the ones most suitably attributable to subspecies tropicalis. Stresemann (1923) had earlier designated ZMB 31899 as the lectotype for this species and restricted the type locality to Tanga [Tanga, Tanga Region, Tanzania].</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E22DFFCBAFF1F9611E9E146E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E232FFCBAFF1FC001F5112A1.text	03DC9465E232FFCBAFF1FC001F5112A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colius leucocephalus Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Colius leucocephalus Reichenow, 1879b: 114.</p> <p>Now: Colius leucocephalus leucocephalus Reichenow, 1879b. See Peters (1945: 146).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24267 (Fischer no. 362, ZMB B 15723), skin, male, collected at Kinakomba, 23.10.[1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Kinakomba (Ostafrica)” [Kinakomba, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, nor were inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for just one specimen and the locality “Kinakomba (Ostafrica)” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879: 341) listed only one individual (no. 362) for this species; its measurements are identical to that in Reichenow (1879b), so it is regarded as the holotype. Another (now missing) specimen (no. 730) was collected later on the Ronga River (Kenya, 1883) (Fischer 1884), too late to be included in the type series.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E232FFCBAFF1FC001F5112A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E232FFCAAFF1F9DA1A49169E.text	03DC9465E232FFCAAFF1F9DA1A49169E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coracias naevius subsp. sharpei Reichenow 1899	<div><p>Coracias naevius sharpei Reichenow, 1899b: 192.</p> <p>Now: Coracias naevius naevius Daudin, 1800. (See Peters 1945: 243).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 50.68 (Fischer no. 46), skin, female, collected at “Soboro”, 30.09.[1885].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.361 (Böhm no. 1063), skin, collected by R. Böhm at Igonda, 19.11.[18]82.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.20408, skin, collected by R. Böhm at Igonda, [1880–1884].</p> <p>Type locality: “Deutsch Ost Afrika (Ussandaui, Igonda)”, from the original description, here ascertained as “Soboro” [Zoboro, Singida Region, Tanzania] and Igonda [Igonda, Tabora Region, Tanzania] as the localities of the type specimens (compare Peters 1945).</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen, nor were measurements or inventory numbers for specimens given; only the localities “Igonda” and “Ussandaui” were mentioned. No specimens at the ZMB have the locality “Ussandaui” (Ussandawe), the area inhabited by the Sandawe people in Kondoa District of Dodoma region. It lies southwest of Kondoa Town on current maps. “Soboro” is at 5°35’S, 35°10’E in what was then called “Ussandawe” country. The three above listed specimens have the name Coracias naevius sharpei on the historical museum labels. Reichenow (1902a: 226) listed all these specimens for C. n. sharpei, so all specimens are regarded as types. The type locality is ascertained as “Soboro” [Zoboro, Singida Region, Tanzania] and Igonda [Igonda, Tabora Region, Tanzania] being the localities of the type specimens. Peters (1945: 243) restricted the type locality to Igonda [Igonda, Tabora Region, Tanzania] and Ussandaui [Tanzania], the two localities given in the description. This subspecies’ name honors the English ornithologist and curator of the bird collection at the BMNH Richard Bowdler Sharpe.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E232FFCAAFF1F9DA1A49169E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E233FFCAAFF1FE091E8B1170.text	03DC9465E233FFCAAFF1FE091E8B1170.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coracias garrulus subsp. loquax Reichenow 1899	<div><p>Coracias garrulus loquax Reichenow, 1899b: 191.</p> <p>Now: Coracias garrulus garrulus Linnaeus, 1758. See Reichenow (1902a: 217); White (1965: 236).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.349 (Fischer no. 372), skin, female, juvenile, collected at “Massa”, 01.11.1878.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.350 (Fischer no. 130), skin, male, collected at “Kagehi”, 17.11.1885.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 185, mount, collected by L. Krebs in “Kaffernland”, [1820–1839].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 9589, skin, collected by L. Krebs in “Kaffernland”, [1820–1839].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24538, mount, female, collected by J.M. Hildebrandt in Duruma, [01.1877].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 28006 (Stuhlmann no. 659), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at “Quilimane”, 10.02.1889.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 31949 (Stuhlmann no. 92), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann in “Usaramo”, 26.02.1894.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 34140, skin, male, collected by O. Neumann at Pangani, 03.1893.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 34141, skin, female, collected by O. Neumann at Pangani, 03.1893.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 34142, skin, female, collected by O. Neumann at Tanga, 03.1893.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.351 (Böhm no. 790), skin, female, juvenile, collected by R. Böhm at Igonda, 01.01.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.352 (Böhm no. 820), skin, collected by R. Böhm at Igonda, 12.01.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.353, skin, collected by L. von Trotha in the Pare Mountains, 06.03.1896.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.354, skin, female, collected by L. von Trotha at Mkalama, 12.1896.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.355, skin, collected by L. von Trotha on the Ugalla River, 12.1896.</p> <p>Type locality: Ost- und Südafrika [East and South Africa], from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: M.H.C. Lichtenstein (1854) named specimens from “Kaffernland” [South Africa] Coracias loquax, but without a description it was in effect a nomen nudum. Later Reichenow (1899b) validated the name by providing a description as well as localities. In Reichenow’s description no type was chosen, nor were measurements or inventory numbers for specimens given. He mentions a “grosse Reihe” (many birds) and extended the range into “Ost- und Südafrika ” (East and South Africa) as localities. Thus, all the specimens at the ZMB from those regions available in 1899 belong to the type series. Reichenow (1902a: 218–219) included the subspecies in the nominate form but further extended the range for Coracias loquax to the whole of Africa, as the differences he found in comparison to the nominate form are aseasonal. Therefore, the specimen list given in this publication is not relevant for the type list.</p> <p>ZMB 2002.357 and ZMB 2002.358 collected by Schmitt arrived in the collection in 1900, too late to be type specimens. ZMB 2000.20404 (collected by Paul Preuss) also probably arrived too late, while the arrival date of ZMB 2002.356 (collected by Friedrich Fülleborn) is unknown. Thus, these specimens were not included in the type series.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E233FFCAAFF1FE091E8B1170	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E233FFCAAFF1F9601F6110DA.text	03DC9465E233FFCAAFF1F9601F6110DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurystomus afer subsp. suahelicus Neumann 1905	<div><p>Eurystomus afer suahelicus Neumann, 1905a: 186.</p> <p>Now: Eurystomus glaucurus suahelicus (Neumann, 1905a). See Peters (1945: 245).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 35597 (Fischer no. 293), skin, female, collected at Tschara, 15.08.[1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “Ost-Afrika” [East Africa], from the original description, ascertained as “Tschara am Tana ” [Tschara, Tana River County, Kenya] as the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, ZMB 35597 was given as the only Fischer specimen and type with the locality “Tschara am Tana ”, so it is regarded as the holotype. The locus typicus was given as “Ost-Afrika” and ascertained as Tschara [Tschara, Tana River County, Kenya], the locality of the holotype.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E233FFCAAFF1F9601F6110DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E230FFC9AFF1FF291F19158E.text	03DC9465E230FFC9AFF1FF291F19158E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halcyon semicaerulea subsp. hyacinthina Reichenow 1900	<div><p>Halcyon semicaerulea hyacinthina Reichenow, 1900b: 249.</p> <p>Now: Halcyon leucocephala hyacinthina (Reichenow, 1900b). See Peters (1945: 198).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 49.320 (Fischer no. 6), skin, male, collected on “ Sansibar ”, 18.3.[18]77.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): Fischer no. 650, male, collected at Maurui, [17.01.1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Sansibar ” [Zanzibar, Tanzania] and “Usegua” [Useguha country, Tanga Region, Tanzania], from the original description.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, nor were there measurements or inventory numbers for specimens, but localities “ Sansibar ” and “Usegua” were mentioned. Only one syntype from Zanzibar was found at the ZMB. Fischer however collected a male H. semicaerulea (no. 650) at Maurui on 17 Jan 1883 (Fischer 1884). Maurui is in the Lower Pangani River Valley at 5°07’S, 38°23’E in the area then known as Useguha or “Usegua”. The whereabouts of this syntype is unknown. There is no indication that this missing syntype was at the ZMB, so it is unclear whether Reichenow saw it or only cited it following Fischer (1884).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E230FFC9AFF1FF291F19158E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E230FFC8AFF1FAAE1FAD1656.text	03DC9465E230FFC8AFF1FAAE1FAD1656.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachyphonus Bohmi G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Trachyphonus Böhmi G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 179–180.</p> <p>Now: Trachyphonus darnaudii boehmi (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b). See Peters (1948:62).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.32620, skin, male, collected by a local collector for Fischer at “Barawa”, [11.1881].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 8269 (Fischer no. 740), skin, former mount, male, collected at Arusha, 26.03.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): (Fischer no. 599), skin, male, collected in Pare, [03.03.1883].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): (Fischer no. 981), skin, male, collected in Pare, [03.08.1883].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): skin, collected by R. Böhm in “Uniamwesi”.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): skin, collected (possibly by J.M. Hildebrandt) in “Ukamba”.</p> <p>Type locality: “Ost-Afrika zwischen 4° s.Br. und 0°” [East Africa between 4°S and 0°: “Pare Gebirge” [South Pare Mts., Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania], Arusha [Arusha, Arusha Region, Tanzania], “Ukamba” [Ukambani, Makueni County/Kitui County/Machakos County, Kenya] and “Barawa” [Baraawe, Lower Shabeelle Region, Somalia], from the original description.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen nor were inventory numbers for specimens provided, but the following sites were given: “Pare Gebirge”, Arusha, “Ukamba” and “Barawa”. Fischer (1884) listed three specimens (nos. 599, 740, 981) as well as a specimen from “Barawa”, specimens collected in “Ukamba” (possibly by Hildebrandt) and from “Uniamwesi” (collected by Böhm). Only one Fischer specimen at the ZMB and one at the ZMH could be traced. The whereabouts of the other specimens are unknown. ZMB 2000.32620 was collected for Fischer (Fischer 1885a). ZMH 8269 had been mentioned as the type specimen for this species in Bolau (1898). Later Zedlitz (1915) cited ZMB 2000.32620 as “the type” and restricted the terra typica to “Barawa, S. Somaliland”, as this was the only specimen of the original description that he found in the ZMB collection. According to the ICZN (1999) this cannot be accepted as a lectotype designation, as he did not select the specimen from other syntypes. Zedlitz (1915: 16) incorrectly listed “no. 24012” for that specimen. Indeed, number B 24012 is written on the label, but it does not exist in the B-catalogue. The species was named in honour of Dr. Richard Böhm (1854–1884), an important collector and ornithologist in Tanzania, who tragically died of fever at an early age.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E230FFC8AFF1FAAE1FAD1656	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E230FFC9AFF1FCA119581234.text	03DC9465E230FFC9AFF1FCA119581234.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachyphonus suahelicus Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Trachyphonus suahelicus Reichenow, 1887: 60.</p> <p>Now: Trachyphonus vaillantii suahelicus (Reichenow, 1887). See Peters (1948: 61).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 50.19 (Fischer no. 1), skin, female, collected in “Usegua”, 25.08.1885.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 30418 (Böhm no. 609), skin, male, collected by R. Böhm, at Kakoma, 22.08.[1881].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.32621 (Fischer no. 508), skin, male, possibly collected for him by a local collector in the Nguru Mountains, [Jul].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Usegua” [Useguha country, Tanga Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, the holotype was mentioned with these collecting dates. It was also mentioned that a specimen collected by one of Fischer’s local collectors was from the “Nguru-Berge” and identified as Trachyphonus caffer (see Fischer 1884: 372) as well as a male collected by Böhm at Kakoma, also belong to the newly described species T. suahelicus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E230FFC9AFF1FCA119581234	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E231FFCFAFF1F99F18B417CA.text	03DC9465E231FFCFAFF1F99F18B417CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Barbatula affinis Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Barbatula affinis Reichenow, 1879b: 114.</p> <p>Now: Pogoniulus pusillus affinis (Reichenow, 1879b). See Peters (1948: 47).</p> <p>Holotype (missing): ZMB 24268 (B 15740, Fischer no. 260), mount, male, collected at Kipini, [26.07.1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Kipini (Ostafrica)” [Kipini, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description and the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one and the locality Kipini were given. Therefore no. 260 is regarded as the holotype (see also Fischer &amp; Reichenow 1879). In the catalogue it is noted that the specimen was not found following World War II. There is however a Fischer specimen in the Berlin collection ZMB 2000.32549, but with locality only of “Ostafrika”. As Fischer collected at least two further females of this species at Malindi and “Gross Aruscha” (Fischer &amp; Reichenow 1879; Fischer 1884), it is unclear which of those specimens it is, but it cannot be the male type specimen, which appears to have been destroyed during World War II.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E231FFCFAFF1F99F18B417CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E231FFC8AFF1FC311A621124.text	03DC9465E231FFC8AFF1FC311A621124.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Barbatula fischeri Reichenow 1880	<div><p>Barbatula Fischeri Reichenow, 1880: 181 (in Fischer &amp; Reichenow 1880b).</p> <p>Now: Pogoniulus bilineatus fischeri (Reichenow, 1880). See Peters (1948: 50); but see also Nwanko et al. (2018).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 2000.40044 (B 19019, Fischer no. 451), skin, male, collected on “ Sansibar ”, [06.06.1880].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Ost-Afrika” [East Africa], from the original description, and ascertained as “Sansibar” [Zanzibar, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype (van Someren 1922).</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen nor were inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one and the locality “Ost-Afrika” were given, though no collector was mentioned. However, as the species was described with another new species collected by Fischer and as the species was named after him, Fischer would likely have been the collector. Therefore, ZMB 2000.40044 (no. 451) is regarded as the holotype; it was also collected in Jun 1880 and a new species of Barbatula from Zanzibar was mentioned in Fischer (1880b). There are two further Fischer specimens of this species from Zanzibar (ZMB 2000.40045 and ZMB 2000.40046), but as one was collected in 1881, and with no date available for the other, we do not regard them as types.</p> <p>Additional Comment: The status of the form fischeri requires further research. While its song is almost identical to that of Pogoniulus simplex, rather than P. bilineatus Sundevall, based on molecular data it is nested within P. b. bilineatus (Nwanko et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E231FFC8AFF1FC311A621124	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E231FFC8AFF1FE401E761445.text	03DC9465E231FFC8AFF1FE401E761445.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Barbatula simplex G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Barbatula simplex G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 180.</p> <p>Now: Pogoniulus simplex G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b. See Peters (1948: 46).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 27026 (B 18672, Fischer no. 1009), skin, male, collected at Pangani (River Valley?), [22.08.1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “Massailand” (region inhabited by the Masai tribe) [Kenya / Tanzania], from the original description, ascertained as Pangani (River Valley ?) = Lower Pangani River Valley [Pangani, Tanga Region, Tanzania] as the locality of the holotype (Fischer 1884).</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen nor were inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Massailand” were given. Therefore ZMB 27026 (no. 1009) is regarded as the holotype (see also Fischer 1884: 371). The very general information about the locus typicus in the description “Massailand” was ascertained as Pangani (River Valley?) for the locality of the holotype (Fischer 1884). Fischer collected the holotype in the Lower Pangani River Valley, but it is impossible to give an exact locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E231FFC8AFF1FE401E761445	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E236FFCFAFF1FCA91BF21296.text	03DC9465E236FFCFAFF1FCA91BF21296.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lybius leucocephalus subsp. usukumae Neumann 1908	<div><p>Lybius leucocephalus usukumae Neumann, 1908: 46.</p> <p>Now: Lybius leucocephalus lynesi C.H.B. Grant &amp; Mackworth-Praed, 1938. See del Hoyo &amp; Collar (2014); but see also Peters (1948: 58); Short &amp; Horne (2002).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 50.29 (Fischer no. 189), skin, male, collected at “Kagehi”, [06.12.1885].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 29077 (Emin Pasha no. 687), skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at “Bussissi”, [16.10.1890].</p> <p>Type locality: “ countries on the south and south-east shore of Lake Victoria”, from the original description and “Kagehi” [Kayenzi, Mwanza Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description the holotype was mentioned as the “type” and the collecting date is provided. ZMB 29077 collected by Emin Pasha was designated as a paratype by Neumann, who compared it with all specimens available at the ZMB, and its locality is included in the type locality. Neumann (1908) considered the type locality as “countries on the south and south-east shore of Lake Victoria”. Simultaneously, he defined “Kagehi” [Kayenzi, Mwanza Region, Tanzania] as type locality with the designation of a holotype. The form usukumae was regarded as a synonym of Lybius leucocephalus albicauda (Shelley) (White 1965: 254), but Short &amp; Horne (2002) considered it an intergrade between albicauda and lynesi (see Dickinson &amp; Remsen 2013: footnote p. 330).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E236FFCFAFF1FCA91BF21296	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E236FFCFAFF1FEC91F40142A.text	03DC9465E236FFCFAFF1FEC91F40142A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pogonorhynchus massaicus Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Pogonorhynchus massaicus Reichenow, 1887: 59.</p> <p>Now: Tricholaema diademata massaica (Reichenow, 1887). See Peters (1948: 53).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 50.16 (Fischer no. 14), skin, female, collected at Loeru, [05.09.1885].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 27526 (B 18671, Fischer no. 824), male, collected at “Naiwascha”, [27.05.1883].</p> <p>Paratype (missing): Fischer no. 769, skin, male, collected at Matióm, [14.04.1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “Massailand” (region inhabited by the Masai tribe) [Kenya / Tanzania] and Loeru, from the description, ascertained as Loeru [Loeru, southeast of Kondoa, Dodoma Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description the holotype was mentioned with the collecting dates, and that specimens collected earlier by Fischer in “Massailand” and determined as Pogonorhynchus frontatus Cabanis also belong to the newly described species P. massaicus. For P. frontatus, Fischer (1884) listed two specimens (Fischer nos. 769, 824), which are thus regarded as paratypes, but no. 769 is missing. The type locality was ascertained as Loeru [Loeru, southeast of Kondoa, Dodoma Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E236FFCFAFF1FEC91F40142A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E236FFCEAFF1F9C51F2916E2.text	03DC9465E236FFCEAFF1F9C51F2916E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dendromus nubicus Var.	<div><p>Dendromus nubicus Var. pallida Reichenow, 1902a: 179.</p> <p>Now: Campethera nubica pallida (Reichenow, 1902); but see also Peters (1948: 117).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.473, skin, female, collected at Baraawe, 11.[1881].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 50.41, skin, female, collected by Emin Pasha at Mpapua, [11.06.1890].</p> <p>Type locality: Mpapua [Mpapua, Dodoma Region, Tanzania] and “Barawa” [Baraawe, Lower Shabeelle Region, Somalia], from the original description and localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, nor were there inventory numbers for specimens, but measurements for more than one specimen and the localities “Mpapua” and “Barawa” were given. As the above-listed specimens are the only ones with these data at the ZMB, both are regarded as syntypes. ZMB 2002.473 was collected for Fischer (Fischer 1885a). Sharpe (1902) gave the name Dendromus pallidus for the same taxonomic entity. The name is often wrongly attributed to Sharpe (1902). However, as Sharpe’s article was published in Oct 1902 while Reichenow’s was published in Jun 1902, we regard Dendromus pallidus Sharpe, 1902 as a junior homonym of Dendromus nubicus Var. pallida Reichenow, 1902a.</p> <p>A specimen from Mpapua in the Dodoma Region of north-central Tanzania collected by Emin Pasha clearly belongs to Campethera nubica pallida but was collected well inland from its supposed range (despite no obvious mistake in the documentation of the locality). Therefore, it throws into question the validity of all coastal birds that have long been treated as pallida. Similarly, the Mpapua specimen comes from within the known range of nominate nubica, so is also close to(if not within)the area occupied by birds referred to as Campethera scriptoricauda (Reichenow). As such it may be prudent to consider treating nubica as monospecific, with further fieldwork required on all Campethera woodpeckers in that area of north-central and eastern Tanzania.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E236FFCEAFF1F9C51F2916E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E237FFCEAFF1FDE118A213C8.text	03DC9465E237FFCEAFF1FDE118A213C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dendromus chrysurus subsp. suahelicus Reichenow 1902	<div><p>Dendromus chrysurus suahelicus Reichenow, 1902a: 175.</p> <p>Now: Campethera abingoni suahelica (Reichenow, 1902a). See Peters (1948: 119).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.476, skin, female, juvenile, collected at Mandera, 09.1881.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.477 (Fischer no.535), skin, female, collected at “Usaramo”, [08.]01.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 50.59 (Stuhlmann no. 138), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Mbusini, 31.08.1888.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): Böhm no. 281, male, collected by R. Böhm at Kakoma, 21.02.1881.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): Böhm no. 47, male, collected by R. Böhm at “Kangasi”, 08.08.[1880].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): Fischer no. 961, male, collected at “Gross-Aruscha”, 19.07.[1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Deutschostafrika ” [now Tanzania], from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, nor were there inventory numbers for specimens. However Reichenow (1902a) mentions localities “Grossaruscha”, “ Mandera ”, “Usaramo”, “Kakoma”, “Kangasi” and “Mbusini” with collection month and collector’s names. Therefore, the three specimens available in the ZMB collection are regarded as syntypes. Others from the localities mentioned refer to missing Böhm and Fischer specimens, but were listed in more detail in Schalow (1883) and Fischer (1884). Problematically, Reichenow (1902a) listed for D. chrysurus suahelicus as well as for Dendromus bennetti (Smith) the locality Kakoma (Böhm) with Mar and Nov as collecting months. On the other hand, Schalow (1883) only listed Picus abingoni (Smith) and Picus hemprichi Ehrenberg for Kakoma (Böhm), not Dendromus (Picus) bennetti. It is uncertain which of the missing specimens from Kakoma collected by Böhm in Mar and Nov belong to which species, and which Reichenow included in his description of Dendromus chrysurus suahelicus (1902a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E237FFCEAFF1FDE118A213C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E237FFCEAFF1FAB51AA210BB.text	03DC9465E237FFCEAFF1FAB51AA210BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Picus (Campothera [sic) Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Picus (Campothera [sic]) mombassicus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884c: 262.</p> <p>Now: Campethera mombassica G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884c. See Short &amp; Horne (1988); but see also Peters (1948: 119).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 23414 (Fischer no. 102), skin, male, collected at “ Mombassa ”, 10.07.[1877].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Mombassa ” [Mombasa Island, Mombasa County, Kenya], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, nor were there inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one male, the locality “ Mombassa ” and the date 10.07.1877 were given.As the only Fischer specimen of this species at the ZMB or ZMH, and with collecting data fitting the description, this specimen is regarded as the holotype. It is also the only specimen of Picus abingoni listed in Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1878b).</p> <p>Formerly Picus (Campothera) mombassicus was considered a race of Golden-tailed Woodpecker (C. abingoni), but it was considered worthy of separate species status by Short &amp; Horne (1988) based on its distinctly different vocalizations and lack of drumming. Despite reported intergrades with abingoni, Dickinson &amp; Remsen (2013), del Hoyo &amp; Collar (2014) and Gill et al. (2023) all support separate species status. Fuchs et al. (2017) found that genetic divergence of mombassicus from abingoni was very limited and that further sampling was required to determine whether gene flow occurs.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E237FFCEAFF1FAB51AA210BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E234FFCDAFF1FF6118781580.text	03DC9465E234FFCDAFF1FF6118781580.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Picus (Mesopicus) rhodeogaster G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Picus (Mesopicus) rhodeogaster G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 180.</p> <p>Now: Dendropicos spodocephalus rhodeogaster (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b). See Reichenow (1902a: 188); but compare Peters (1948: 221).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27404 (Fischer no. 928), skin, male, collected at Mount Meru, [15.07.]1883.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): ZMB 27405 (Fischer no. 715), female, collected at “Klein-Aruscha”, [15.03.1883].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 8263 (Fischer no. 835), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Naiwascha”, 04.06.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “Massailand” (region inhabited by the Masai tribe) [Kenya / Tanzania], from the original description, ascertained as Arusha Region [Arusha Region, Tanzania] and Naivasha [Naivasha, Nakuru County, Kenya], localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen nor were inventory numbers for specimens given. However, the description includes both sexes and measurements for more than one specimen, and mentions the locality “Massailand”. Furthermore, three Fischer specimens of this species (nos. 715, 835, 928) are listed by Fischer (1884). As the localities of those specimens are those of the type locality, they are all regarded as syntypes. ZMH 8263 was also mentioned as type specimen for this species in Bolau (1898).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E234FFCDAFF1FF6118781580	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E234FFCDAFF1FCB71E081160.text	03DC9465E234FFCDAFF1FCB71E081160.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poliohierax semitorquatus (A.Smith 1836)	<div><p>Poliohierax [sic] semitorquatus deckeni Zedlitz, 1914: 675.</p> <p>Now: Polihierax semitorquatus A. Smith, 1836. See White (1965: 60); but see also Peters (1931: 282).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24395 (B 15727, Fischer no. 376), skin, former mount, female, adult, collected at “Massa” (Tana River), 02.11.[1878].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2002.225 (B 591, Berger no. 50), skin, male, adult, collected by A. Berger at the “Baringo See” (Lake Baringo), 19.10.[1908].</p> <p>Syntype: SMF-11064 (Erlanger/Hilgert no. 11064), skin, collected by C. von Erlanger/C. Hilgert at “Kismaju” (Somaliland), 13.07.1901.</p> <p>Syntype: SMF-11061 (Erlanger/Hilgert no. 11061), skin, collected by C. von Erlanger/C. Hilgert at “Gardolia-Djira”, 10.05.1901.</p> <p>Syntype: SMF-11062 (Erlanger/Hilgert no. 11062), skin, collected by C. von Erlanger/C. Hilgert at “Gardolia-Djira”, 10.05.1901.</p> <p>Syntype: NRM 569842 (Müller no. 113), skin, male, collected by C. Müller at Afgoi, 19.02.[19]11] (Zedlitz collection).</p> <p>Syntype: NRM 569843 (Müller no. 115), skin, female, collected by C. Müller at Afgoi, 04.03.[19]11 (Zedlitz collection).</p> <p>Type locality: “ Süd-Somali und Brit. O-Afrika bis zum Baringo-See” [Southern Somalia and Kenya to Lake Baringo], from the original description and localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: Zedlitz described the new subspecies based on specimens from his own collection (collected by his taxidermist and collector C. Müller) and from the collections of Carlo von Erlanger and the ZMB. He gave the collector and the locality as well as numbers. Thus the two specimens of the ZMB collection, three of the Erlanger collection (now in SMF) and the two of the Zedlitz collection (now in NRM) are syntypes. Zedlitz mentioned eight specimens from his collection, largely acquired by the NRM (Wikipedia, 02.12.2020), but six specimens are missing. This species name honors the German ornithologist Karl Klaus von der Decken (1833–1865).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E234FFCDAFF1FCB71E081160	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E234FFCCAFF1F91A1E621656.text	03DC9465E234FFCCAFF1F91A1E621656.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poeocephalus massaicus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Poeocephalus massaicus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 179.</p> <p>Now: Poicephalus gulielmi massaicus (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b). See Reichenow (1902a: 10): Peters (1937: 226).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27027 (B 18673, Fischer no. 949), skin, male, collected at “Aruscha, Maeru-Berg”, 16.7.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 8312 (Fischer no. 920), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Gross Aruscha, Maeru-Berg”, 13.7.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Gross-Aruscha am Märuberg” [Mt Meru, Arusha Region, Tanzania], from the original description and localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen, nor were inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one and the locality “Gross-Aruscha am Märuberg” were given. In Fischer (1884) two specimens were listed (Fischer nos. 949, 920). The measurements given belong to no. 949, but as the locality and date of both match the description, Fischer regarded both as belonging to the newly described species (Fischer 1884). Furthermore, Poecephalus massaicus was written on the original collector’s label of ZMH 8312. Therefore, both specimens are regarded as syntypes. ZMH 8312 was not mentioned as type of this species in Bolau (1898).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E234FFCCAFF1F91A1E621656	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E235FFCCAFF1FC9D19951270.text	03DC9465E235FFCCAFF1FC9D19951270.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agapornis fischeri Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Agapornis Fischeri Reichenow, 1887: 54.</p> <p>Now: Agapornis fischeri Reichenow, 1887. See Reichenow (1902a, 23); Peters (1937: 255).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 28179 (B 20117, Fischer no. 63), skin, female, collected near Ussure, 11.10.[1885].</p> <p>Syntype: AMNH SKIN 622323 (Fischer no. 69), skin, female, collected near Ussure, [18.10.1885].</p> <p>Syntype: AMNH SKIN 622324 (Fischer no. 1537), skin, female, collected near Ussure, [18.10.1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “ bei Ussure” [near Ussure, Singida Region, Tanzania], from the original description and locality of all syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, nor were inventory numbers for specimens given, but it was stated that three females collected near Ussure belong to the type series. Thus, all three are regarded as syntypes, only one of which is at the ZMB, the other two specimens being at the AMNH. AMNH SKIN 622324 has a wrong collector’s number (Fischer nos. 66, 67, 68, 70 or 71 are possible field numbers). These specimens were not mentioned as types in Greenway (1978).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E235FFCCAFF1FC9D19951270	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E235FFCCAFF1FA631F4111DA.text	03DC9465E235FFCCAFF1FA631F4111DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agapornis personata Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Agapornis personata Reichenow, 1887: 55.</p> <p>Now: Agapornis personatus Reichenow, 1887. See Reichenow (1902a: 23); Peters (1937: 255).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 28178 (B 20103), skin, male, collected near “Serian”, 11.9.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “ bei Serian” [near Serya, Kondoa District, Dodoma Region, Tanzania], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen, nor were any inventory numbers for specimens given, but measurements for one specimen, the locality “Serian”, and the date were given. As ZMB 28178 is the only specimen of this species with these collecting data, it is regarded as the holotype.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E235FFCCAFF1FA631F4111DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E235FFCCAFF1FE5D19F01417.text	03DC9465E235FFCCAFF1FE5D19F01417.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poeocephalus simplex Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Poeocephalus simplex Reichenow, 1887: 55.</p> <p>Now: Poicephalus rufiventris rufiventris (Rüppell, 1842). See Reichenow (1902a: 15): but see also Peters (1937: 228).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 50.188 (Fischer no. 20), skin, female, collected near “Serian”, 10.9.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “ bei Serian” [near Serya, Kondoa District, Dodoma Region, Tanzania], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen, nor were inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen, the locality “Serian”, and the date were given. As ZMB 50.188 is the only specimen of that species with these collecting data, it is regarded as the holotype. Reichenow (1887) suspected that this species was probably the female of P. rufiventris.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E235FFCCAFF1FE5D19F01417	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E235FFC3AFF1F8751A4B1569.text	03DC9465E235FFC3AFF1F8751A4B1569.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionops poliolophus , G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Prionops poliolophus, G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 180.</p> <p>Now: Prionops poliolophus, G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884. See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960); White (1962b: 10).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 27412 (B 18657, Fischer no. 804), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Naiwascha See ” (Lake Naivasha), 10.05.1883.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Naiwascha See” [Lake Naivasha, Nakuru County, Kenya], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen, nor were there inventory numbers for specimens provided, but there was only one specimen, a female, and the locality was given. Furthermore, Fischer (1884) listed one specimen (Fischer no. 804) for this species, and so ZMB 27412 is considered the holotype. The ZMH houses a further Fischer specimen of this species (ZMH 8232, skin, former mount, female, 1883, Naivasha). However, it was clearly stated in the original description and in Fischer (1884) that there was only one specimen. Furthermore, on the original label of ZMH 8232 the species name Prionops talacoma Smith was written first but revised later to Prionops poliolophus. Thus, this specimen is not regarded as a type, though it was mistakenly considered as such by Bolau (1898).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E235FFC3AFF1F8751A4B1569	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23AFFC3AFF1FA1F19751078.text	03DC9465E23AFFC3AFF1FA1F19751078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Batis molitor subsp. littoralis Neumann 1907	<div><p>Batis molitor littoralis Neumann, 1907: 356.</p> <p>Now: Batis soror (Reichenow, 1903). See Mayr et al. (1986: 382).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24759 (B 15694, Fischer no. 162), skin, former mount, female, collected by G.A. Fischer on “Sansibar”, 29.03.76 [1878, error on the museum’s label as Fischer first arrived in Zanzibar in 1877].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 23536 (B 15041, Fischer no. 83), mount, female, collected by G.A. Fischer at “ Mombassa ”, 26.06.[18]77.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.64515 (Stuhlmann no. 272), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann on “ Sansibar ”, 03.11.1888.</p> <p>Possible Paratype (missing): SMNS 10965 female, collected by D. Steudel at “ Bagamojo, Central Ostafrika ”, 1893.</p> <p>Type locality: “Sansibar” [Zanzibar, Tanzania], from the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: See Frahnert et al. (2021).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23AFFC3AFF1FA1F19751078	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23AFFC3AFF1FD1F19751291.text	03DC9465E23AFFC3AFF1FD1F19751291.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Batis puella subsp. soror Reichenow 1903	<div><p>Batis puella soror Reichenow, 1903b: 485.</p> <p>Now: Batis soror (Reichenow, 1903). See Mayr et al. (1986: 382).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24759 (B 15694, Fischer no. 162), skin, former mount, female, collected by G.A. Fischer on “ Sansibar ”, 29.03.[18]78.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 28018 (Stuhlmann no. 607), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at “Quilimane”, 29.01.1889.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 28019 (Stuhlmann no. 612), skin, female, collected by F. Stuhlmann at “Quilimane”, 29.01.1889.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 28020 (Stuhlmann no. 608), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at “Quilimane”, 29.01.1889.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.6501 (Stuhlmann no. 612), skin, female, collected by F. Stuhlmann at “Quilimane”, 29.01.1889.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.6502, skin, male, collected by F. Fülleborn at Undi, [1898–1900].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64515 (Stuhlmann no. 272), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann on “ Sansibar ”, 03.11.1888.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64541 (B 53, Stierling no. 154), skin, male, collected by N. Stierling at “Humbluti”, 16.08.1900.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64543 (B 53, Stierling no. 83), skin, male, juvenile, collected by N. Stierling at Songea, 18.07.1900.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64544 (B 53, Stierling no. 143), skin, male, collected by N. Stierling at Songea, 06.08.1900.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64545 (B 53, Stierling no. 130), skin, female, collected by N. Stierling at Songea, 03.08.1900.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64546, skin, male, collected by F. Fülleborn at Songea, 07.[1898–1900].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64547 (Marwitz no. 92), skin, female, collected by W.L.H. von der Marwitz at Malangali, 26.08.1899.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64563 (B 53, Stierling no. 82), skin, male, collected by N. Stierling at Songea, [18.07.1900].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Sansibar und Niassagebiet bis Quilimane” [Zanzibar and Niassa Province to Quelimane, Tanzania / Mozambique].</p> <p>Remarks: See Frahnert et al. (2021).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23AFFC3AFF1FD1F19751291	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23AFFC2AFF1F86B1975156B.text	03DC9465E23AFFC2AFF1F86B1975156B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Batis minor subsp. suahelicus Neumann 1907	<div><p>Batis minor suahelicus Neumann, 1907: 353.</p> <p>Now: Batis minor suahelica Neumann, 1907; contra Mayr et al. (1986: 384).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64511, skin, female, collected by G.A. Fischer at Pangani, 09.1881.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64513, skin, male, collected by G.A. Fischer in “Usaramo”, 01.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64562, skin, male, collected by G.A. Fischer in “Usaramo”, 01.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 32010 (Stuhlmann no. 32), skin, male, juvenile (female given by Neumann1907 a), collected by F. Stuhlmann at Pangani, 20.01.1894.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64512 (Stuhlmann no. 170), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at “ Dar-es-Salaam ”, 28.03.1894.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 34024 skin, male, collected by O. Neumann at Kahe, 13.01.1895.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.64514, skin, male, collected by W.L.H. von der Marwitz at Marangu, 1895.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): female, collected by R. Böhm, no locality given.</p> <p>Type locality: “Deutsch Ost Afrika und südlicher Teil von Englisch Ost Afrika (Mombassa und Teita)” [Tanzania and South of Kenya], further referred to as eastern Tanzania and southeastern Kenya after the localities of the type specimens and the original description (see also Louette 2006; Frahnert et al. 2021).</p> <p>Remarks: See Frahnert et al. (2021).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23AFFC2AFF1F86B1975156B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23BFFC2AFF1F9A91E5A10C6.text	03DC9465E23BFFC2AFF1F9A91E5A10C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telephonus minor Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Telephonus minor Reichenow, 1887: 64.</p> <p>Now: Tchagra australis minor (Reichenow, 1887). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 324); White (1962b: 21); Dickinson &amp; Christidis (2014).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 2000.5082 (B 20151, Fischer no. 140), skin, female, collected at “Kagehi”, 19.11.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Kagehi” [Kayenzi, Mwanza Region, Tanzania], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was directly chosen, but measurements for one specimen, and a specimen with no. 140, the date, and the locality “Kagehi” were given; thus ZMB 2000.5082 is regarded as the holotype for this species. The localities “Wembaere Steppe” [Wembere Plains] and “Simiu Fluss” [Simiyu River] were additionally listed in Reichenow (1887) as a citation from Fischer’s diaries, but without details of any collected specimens.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23BFFC2AFF1F9A91E5A10C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23BFFC2AFF1FD041F1D112B.text	03DC9465E23BFFC2AFF1FD041F1D112B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telephonus reichenowi Neumann 1900	<div><p>Telephonus reichenowi Neumann, 1900: 120.</p> <p>Now: Bocagia minuta reichenowi (Neumann, 1900); but see Reichenow (1903b); Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 320).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27496 (B 18656, Fischer no. 618), skin, former mount, male, collected at Pangani, 22.12.[1882].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27497 (B 18656, Fischer no. 621), skin, former mount, female, collected at Pangani, 25.12.[1882].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 31874 (Stuhlmann no. 383), skin, female, collected by F. Stuhlmann at “Kissaki”, 12.1894.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.61902 (Stuhlmann no. 201), skin, collected by F. Stuhlmann at “ Dar-es-Salaam ”, 28.04.1894.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected by S. T. Pruen at Kikombo (Ugogo), 04.06.1888 (cited from Tristram 1889).</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected by S.T. Pruen at Kikombo (Ugogo), 04.06.1888 (cited from Tristram 1889, Telephonus anchietae).</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected by J. Kirk at “Ussambara” (cited from Reichenow 1894, 1903b; Shelley 1881).</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected by J. Kirk at Lamu (cited from Reichenow 1894, 1903b; Shelley 1881).</p> <p>Type locality: “Küstengebiete von Deutsch-Ost-Afrika und Britisch Ost-Afrika (Lamu) und geht bis Ugogo ins Innere des Landes” [coast provinces of Tanzania and Kenya (Lamu, Lamu County, Kenya) to Ugogo (Ugogo country, Dodoma Region, Tanzania)], from the original description.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description four specimens from Pangani, Kissaki and Dar es Salam were mentioned, and four of Bocagia minutus from these localities were located at the ZMB. Fischer (1884) listed two specimens for Telephonus minutus from Pangani (nos. 618 and 621). Therefore, the four Fischer and Stuhlmann specimens are regarded as the type specimens for T. reichenowi. Neumann (1900) included further specimens of T. minutus and T. anchietae from the literature (Shelley 1881; Tristram 1889; Reichenow 1894) that match the distribution area of the newly described species. All these specimens are regarded as syntypes. The missing specimens are not housed at the BMNH or the AMNH. Hall &amp; Moreau (1970) and Sibley &amp; Ahlquist (1990) suggested that reichenowi may be worthy of separate species status, but due to lack of documentation, this was not supported by Dowsett &amp; Dowsett-Lemaire (1993), Dickinson &amp; Christidis (2014), or del Hoyo &amp; Collar (2016).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23BFFC2AFF1FD041F1D112B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E238FFC1AFF1FF611AB4158E.text	03DC9465E238FFC1AFF1FF611AB4158E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dryoscopus major subsp. mossambicus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1880	<div><p>Dryoscopus major mossambicus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1880a:141.</p> <p>Now: Laniarius aethiopicus mossambicus (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1880). See Dickinson &amp; Christidis (2014); but see also Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 329); White (1962b: 27).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24922 (B 16562, Fischer no. 225), skin, former mount, collected at “Mossambique”, [05.1879].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Mossambique ” [Mozambique Island, Nampula Province, Mozambique], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: The original description clearly refers to one specimen with no. 225 (ZMB 24922). As no further specimen is mentioned, ZMB 24922 is the holotype for this species. The specimen was inventoried at the ZMB in January 1881 and was mounted. In the catalogue it was mentioned that it is the type for Dryoscopus major mossambicus in 1881. Thus it is probable that the specimen was not directly inventoried when it arrived. As Fischer was in Zanzibar in May 1879 and there is no complete collecting date for the specimen given, it would seem that it was obtained on behalf of Fischer. The spelling “Mossambique” clearly indicated the island in 1880. Its name later became that of the country of Mozambique following its independence from Portugal (when earlier known as Portuguese East Africa).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E238FFC1AFF1FF611AB4158E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E238FFC1AFF1FCF919AB1101.text	03DC9465E238FFC1AFF1FCF919AB1101.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dryoscopus nigerrimus Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Dryoscopus nigerrimus Reichenow, 1879b: 114.</p> <p>Now: Laniarius nigerrimus (Reichenow, 1879b). See Dickinson &amp; Christidis (2014); Finch et al. (2016: 74); but see also Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 329).</p> <p>Holotype: 24256 (B 15705, Fischer no. 244), skin, former mount, male, collected at Kipini, 15.07.1878.</p> <p>Type locality: Kipini [Kipini, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Kipini” were given. As the given measurements are identical to those in Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879), no. 244 is the holotype. In the entry catalogue (B 15705) the specimen was mentioned as type for Dryoscopus aterrimus, Reichenow (an error for nigerrimus ?).</p> <p>Stresemann (1947) was of the opinion that nigerrimus merely represented an all-black form of Laniarius ferrugineus sublacteus (Cassin), but Turner et al. (2011) discussed the problem, giving several possibilities for the status of L. nigerrimus (Reichenow): a) the all-black birds occurring on Manda Island alongside L. a. sublacteus possess vocalisations unlike any form of L aethiopicus (Gmelin), and thus require comparison with the types of L. nigerrimus and erlangeri (Reichenow); also that b) should the all-black birds from southern Somalia south to Manda Island and Kipini require a higher taxonomic status (as the vocal evidence suggests) than as races of L. aethiopicus, the nomenclature of these East African birds would require revision; c) the all-black birds may revert to L. nigerrimus, while d) the black-and-white birds in southern Somalia would revert to L. a. somaliensis (Reichenow), and that the taxonomic status of erlangeri as defined by Nguembock et al. (2008) would require re-evaluation as that name was originally used by Reichenow for an all-black bird. Finch et al. (2016) argued for separate species status for Laniarius nigerrimus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E238FFC1AFF1FCF919AB1101	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E238FFC0AFF1F9751ACE1672.text	03DC9465E238FFC0AFF1F9751ACE1672.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laniarius cathemagmenus Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Laniarius cathemagmenus Reichenow, 1887: 63.</p> <p>Now: Rhodophoneus cruentus cathemagmenus (Reichenow, 1887). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 326).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 28271 (B 20095 female, Fischer no. 11), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Loeru, Massaigebiet”, 05.09.[18]85.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 28272 (B 20095 male, Fischer no. 10), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Loeru, Massaigebiet”, 05.09.[18]85.</p> <p>Type locality: Loeru [Loeru, southeast of Konda, Dodoma Region, Tanzania] and Ugaia [Ugaia country (south of Kavirondo Gulf), Homa Bay County, Kenya], from the original description and ascertained as Loeru [Loeru, southeast of Konda, Dodoma Region, Tanzania], the locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the description no type was chosen nor were inventory numbers for specimens given. The characters were described and measurements given for both sexes, and the localities “Loeru” and “Ugaia” were given. Therefore both ZMB 28272 and ZMB 28271 are syntypes. The locality “Ugaia” was given for “birds observed” (from Fischer’s diary). Therefore the type locality is ascertained as Loeru [Loeru, southeast of Konda, Dodoma Region, Tanzania].</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E238FFC0AFF1F9751ACE1672	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E239FFC0AFF1FE2C189D14A6.text	03DC9465E239FFC0AFF1FE2C189D14A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trochocercus bivittatus Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Trochocercus bivittatus Reichenow, 1879a: 108.</p> <p>Now: Trochocercus bivittatus bivittatus Reichenow, 1879. See Reichenow (1903b: 499); but see also Mayr et al. (1986: 469).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24254 (B 15702, Fischer no. 319), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Muniuni”, [18.09.1878].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24255 (B 15702, Fischer no. 327), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Muniuni”, [24.09.1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Muniuni” [Munyuni, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description and locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen, nor were inventory numbers for specimens given, but measurements for more than one individual and the locality “Muniuni” were given and both sexes described. As there are no other Fischer specimens of this species from “Muniuni”, ZMB 24254 and ZMB 24255 are regarded as syntypes. Another Fischer specimen (no. 542) of the species in the collection in Berlin (ZMB 2000.17182) cannot belong to the type series as it was collected in “Usaramo” in 1882.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E239FFC0AFF1FE2C189D14A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E239FFC0AFF1FBD819D611CA.text	03DC9465E239FFC0AFF1FBD819D611CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urolestes aequatorialis Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Urolestes aequatorialis Reichenow, 1887: 65.</p> <p>Now: Urolestes melanoleucus aequatorialis (Reichenow, 1887). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 342); White (1962b:40); Dickinson &amp; Christidis (2014).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 2000.35129 (Fischer no. 43), skin, female, collected at the “Gasa-Berge”, 24.09.[1885].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.32623 (Fischer no. 962), skin, female, juvenile collected at “Gross Aruscha”, 22.07.[18]83.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.35126 (Böhm no. 993), skin, female, collected by R. Böhm at “Gonda”, 15.09.[18]82.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): collected by J.H. Speke in Bogue country (East Africa), [October 1861].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Gasa-Berge” [Gasa Mts, Dodoma Region, Tanzania], also the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: The original description clearly refers to one specimen “Das vorliegende Exemplar”, Fischer no. 43 (ZMB 2000.35129), which is thus regarded as the holotype. Subsequently other specimens were attributed to the described species [one collected by Fischer in “Aruscha” (ZMB 2000.32623) and one collected by Böhm at “Gonda” (ZMB 2000.35126)]. Furthermore, Reichenow includes the species Basanistes cissoides from Sclater (1864); when Sclater (1864: 109) presented the collection of Capt. J.H. Speke he mentioned one specimen from “Bogue” (East Africa) under the name Basanistes cissoides Lichtenstein, 1842 (nomen nudum). All these additional specimens are regarded as paratypes. Speke’s missing specimen is not housed at the BMNH, the AMNH or the World Museum Liverpool. Reichenow (1887) lists additional localities: “Soboro, Kagehi and Speke Golf”, all taken from Fischer’s diaries (observations). “Bogue” was a location in northwest Tanganyika (Tanzania) that Speke passed through in Oct 1861 during his search for the source of the River Nile. It was west or southwest of Lake Victoria and south of Karagwe region. The name no longer exists today.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E239FFC0AFF1FBD819D611CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E239FFC7AFF1F8BD1A1B15F6.text	03DC9465E239FFC7AFF1F8BD1A1B15F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanius affinis G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Lanius affinis G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884c: 261.</p> <p>Now: Lanius collurio Linnaeus, 1758. See Reichenow (1903b: 622).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.4096 (B 19005, Fischer no. 586), skin, male? (male with female plumage?), collected “near Lindi (10° s.B.)”, [04.1882].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27562 (B 18653, Fischer no. 749), mount, female, collected at “Klein Aruscha”, 29.03.1883.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): male, juvenile, collected near Pangani, [01.12.1882].</p> <p>Type locality: “bei Lindi (10° s.B.)” [Lindi, Lindi Region, Tanzania], “Klein Aruscha” [Arusha Chini, Arusha Region, Tanzania] and Pangani [Pangani, Tanga Region, Tanzania], all localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: The original description clearly refers to the specimen collected “bei Lindi (10° s.B.)” (ZMB 2000.4096). However two further specimens—juveniles (in the original description)—were mentioned and described within this species (ZMB 2000.27562 and a further specimen that was not inventoried in Berlin). All these specimens are regarded as syntypes. ZMB 27562 was mentioned as type in the catalogue of the ZMB, while Fischer (1884) did not list the name Lanius affinis. Fischer no. 749 (ZMB 27562) and the juvenile male are mentioned under Lanius phoenicuroides (Schalow) but with no obvious link to Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1884c). Specimen 586 is not listed.</p> <p>The name Lanius affinis was preoccupied by Lanius affinis Legge, 1876 (a species from Sri Lanka, now Tephrodornis affinis). Later Shelley (1894: 42) proposed the name Enneoctonus reichenovi (Shelley) for Lanius affinis Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884, which Reichenow (1903b) treated as a synonym of nominate Lanius collurio Linnaeus.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E239FFC7AFF1F8BD1A1B15F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23EFFC7AFF1FC961FDA1229.text	03DC9465E23EFFC7AFF1FC961FDA1229.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parus fringillinus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Parus fringillinus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 56.</p> <p>Now: Melaniparus fringillinus (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Greenway et al. (1967: 103).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6880 I (Fischer no. 916), male, skin, former mount, collected at “Gross-Aruscha”, 10.07.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6880 II (Fischer no. 913), female, skin, former mount, collected at “Gross-Aruscha”, 10.07.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ am Fusse des Maeru-Berg (Massai)” [base of Mt Meru, Arusha Region, Tanzania], from the original description and locality of both syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality were given. Fischer (1884) listed two specimens for this species, a male and a female. As Fischer (1884) mentioned that the female has nearly the same coloration as the male and both specimens have the same locality, both are regarded as syntypes. Both were mentioned as type specimens in Bolau (1898). The town of “Gross Aruscha” is situated at the base of Mount Meru.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23EFFC7AFF1FC961FDA1229	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23EFFC6AFF1FA451F0D150E.text	03DC9465E23EFFC6AFF1FA451F0D150E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coraphites leucopareia G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Coraphites leucopareia G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 55.</p> <p>Now: Eremopterix leucopareia (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 32); White (1961: 46).</p> <p>Syntype (missing): ZMB 27022 (B 18629, Fischer no. 881), male, collected at Nguruman, 21.06.[1883].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6878 I (Fischer no. 710), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Klein-Aruscha”, 14.03.1883.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6878 II (Fischer no. 882), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Salzsteppe bei Nguruman”, 22.06.1883.</p> <p>Type locality: Nguruman [Nguruman salzsteppe = near the base of the Nguruman Escarpment, probably at Lake Magadi, Kajiado County, Kenya] and “Klein-Aruscha” [Arusha Chini, Arusha Region, Tanzania], from the original description and localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for more than one specimen (“etwa” interpreted as “round”) and the localities “Nguruman” and “Klein-Aruscha” were given. Fischer (1884) listed for this species nos. 710, 881 and 882, also the same measurements as in the original description. Thus, all these specimens are regarded as syntypes for this species. Specimen ZMB 27022 has been lost since at least 1950 when Stresemann and Meise collected information concerning type specimens in the ornithological collection in Berlin. It was probably destroyed during World War II.</p> <p>Fischer collected his first specimen of this lark (male) on the plains close to “Klein-Aruscha” on 13 March 1883 (Fischer no. 710). Later on his return journey from Naivasha he collected two additional birds (Fischer nos. 881, 882) at a nest (two eggs) on the “Salzsteppe near Nguruman” which is in southern Kenya around the alkaline Lake Magadi (Swahili for Soda) at the base of the Nguruman Hills and close to the Kenya-Tanzania border. The collecting locality of this pair was approximately 1°55’S, 36°10’E (Fischer 1884). ZMH 7688 (wrong number) was mentioned as type for this species with two specimens (nos. 720, 882) by Bolau (1898). The collector’s number 720 was also wrongly mentioned by Bolau (1898) but correct on the original no. 710 label. Fischer (1884) allocated for his no. 720 a specimen of Notauges superbus (Sturnidae), thus collector’s number 710 is correct for Coraphites leucopareia. ZMB 27022 was inventoried in March 1884 with the note “ex originale”.</p> <p>Further Fischer specimens of this species: ZMB 2000.10272 (no. 93, male, Usukuma, 01.11.1885) and ZMB 2000.10286 (no.186, female, Kagehi, 04.12.1885) were collected in 1885, too late to be types for this species, and they have different localities to those given in the description.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23EFFC6AFF1FA451F0D150E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23FFFC6AFF1FD7518BF1354.text	03DC9465E23FFFC6AFF1FD7518BF1354.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alauda poecilosterna Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Alauda poecilosterna Reichenow, 1879d: 155.</p> <p>Now: Calendulauda poecilosterna (Reichenow, 1879). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 20); White (1961: 27).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24270 (Fischer no. 394), skin, male, collected at Kibaradja, 12.11.[1878].</p> <p>Type locality: Kibaradja (Africa orientalis) [Kibaradja, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Kibaradja” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) mentioned just one specimen for this species (no. 394), with the same measurements as in the description, so ZMB 24270 is regarded as a holotype for this species. Additional Fischer specimens of this species: ZMB 27560 (no. 975, female, “Klein Aruscha”, [01.08.]1883) and ZMH 6913 (no. 696, female, “Ebene bei Pare”, 02.03.[18]83) were collected in 1883, too late to be types for this species. However, they later formed the type series for Megalophonus massaicus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 55 (as detailed below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23FFFC6AFF1FD7518BF1354	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818761094.text	03DC9465E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818761094.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megalophonus massaicus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Megalophonus massaicus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 55.</p> <p>Now: Calendulauda poecilosterna (Reichenow, 1879). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 21).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27560 (B 18627, Fischer no. 975), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Klein-Aruscha”, 01.08.1883.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6913 (Fischer no. 696), skin, female, collected at “Ebene bei Pare”, 02.03.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Klein-Arusha” [Arusha Chini, Arusha Region, Tanzania] and plains near the Pare Mountains [plains near South Pare Mts, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania], from the original description and localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for more than one specimen (“etwa” interpreted as “approximately”) and the locality “Klein-Aruscha” were given. Fischer (1884) listed for this species two specimens (nos. 975 and 696). The measurements in the original description are identical with those of ZMH 6913 (except the total length), but Fischer (1884) further wrote that no. 975 has “Oberkopf ausgesprochen grau und zeigt eine Andeutung einer dunkleren Längsstrichelung” [top of the head very grey and a slight…], identical with “Oberkopf grauer” [top of the head very grey] in the original description. As “Klein-Aruscha” is situated on the plains to the west of the Pare Mountains, and as Fischer (1884) stated for both specimens “Ebene am Pare Gebirge” (plains near Pare Mountains), both are regarded as syntypes. ZMH 6913 was not mentioned as type for this species in Bolau (1898), but was referred to as a paratype for Megalophonus massaica in the ZMH catalogue.</p> <p>Fischer collected his first specimen (02.03.1883) close to the South Pare Mountains where he spent one week (1–7 March) at approximately 3°46’S, 37°37’E. He arrived at “Klein-Aruscha” on 14.03.1883. The second specimen (01.08.1883) was collected on his return journey on the plains to the south of “Klein-Aruscha”, which are to the west of the North Pare Mountains, at approximately 3°40’S, 37°30’E.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818761094	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23CFFC4AFF1F9B318B117E6.text	03DC9465E23CFFC4AFF1F9B318B117E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megalophonus fischeri Reichenow 1878	<div><p>Megalophonus Fischeri Reichenow, 1878 (in Fischer &amp; Reichenow 1878): 266.</p> <p>Now: Mirafra rufocinnamomea fischeri (Reichenow, 1878). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 14).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 23539 (Fischer no. 120), skin, male, collected at “Rabai (Wanika) bei Mombas”, 24.07.1877.</p> <p>Type locality: “Rabai, Mombas, Lamu, Formosabay” and “Wito” as in the original description, ascertained as “Rabai (Wanika) bei Mombas” [Rabai near Mombasa, Kilifi County, Kenya], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was explicitly chosen, but one specimen with measurements and collecting number 120 was given. Therefore, ZMB 23539 is the holotype for this species. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1878) gave further localities (“Mombas, Lamu, Formosabay”, Wito) citing them as localities given in Fischer (1878b) as observations. Fischer mentioned that he had observed a new species and already cited the name Megalophonus Fischeri in his 1878 article. As only one specimen was collected, the type locality of the holotype is ascertained as “Rabai (Wanika) bei Mombas” [Rabai near Mombasa, Kilifi County, Kenya]. Although another such specimen is listed in a sales list (Reichenow 1878b), its whereabouts are unknown.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23CFFC4AFF1F9B318B117E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23CFFC5AFF1FF611E9015D4.text	03DC9465E23CFFC5AFF1FF611E9015D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mirafra intercedens Reichenow 1895	<div><p>Mirafra intercedens Reichenow, 1895: 96.</p> <p>Now: Calendulauda alopex intercedens (Reichenow, 1895). See White (1961: 24); but see also Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 16).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 49.232 (Fischer no. 13), skin, male, collected at Loeru, 05.09.1885.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Loeru (Massailand)” [Loeru, Dodoma Region, Tanzania], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen and no collecting number was given. However, Reichenow (1895) refers to Mirafra sabota (Smith, A.) in Reichenow (1887: 74) and a specimen from the locality “Loeru” of the collector Fischer. As ZMB 49.232 (Fischer no. 13) is the only Fischer specimen of this species from Loeru, it is the holotype for this species.</p> <p>The East African population of intercedens has long been placed within africanoides (Smith, A.), contra Ryan et al. (2004) and Hockey et al. (2005) who restrict africanoides to southern Africa, and place East African birds within the smaller and more richly colored Calendulauda alopex (Sharpe, RB) of Somaliland and the Ogaden region, as do both del Hoyo &amp; Collar (2016) and Gill et al. (2023). However as Alström et al. (2013) had no molecular data to support a sister group relationship between Calendulauda alopex intercedens and C. africanoides austinrobertsi (White, C.M.N.), treatment of intercedens within africanoides was maintained by Dickinson &amp; Christidis (2014).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23CFFC5AFF1FF611E9015D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23CFFC5AFF1FC761F2812C7.text	03DC9465E23CFFC5AFF1FC761F2812C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spilocorydon hypermetrus Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Spilocorydon hypermetrus Reichenow, 1879d: 155.</p> <p>Now: Mirafra hypermetra hypermetra (Reichenow, 1879). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 9).</p> <p>Holotype (missing): ZMB 24259 (B 15709, Fischer no. 361), male, collected at Kibaradja, [23.10.1878].</p> <p>Type locality: Kibaradja [Kibaradja, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description and locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Kibaradja” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879: 354) listed for this species no. 361 and Kibardja as locality, so this specimen is regarded as the holotype for this species. ZMB 24259 has been known to be lost since at least 1950 when Stresemann and Meise collected information concerning type specimens in the ornithological collection in Berlin. It was probably destroyed during World War II. As ZMB 24259 is a male from Kibaradja and arrived in Berlin in 1879, it is regarded as Fischer no. 361. Fischer (1884) listed additional specimens for Spilocorydon hypermetrus with the collecting numbers 765 (ZMB 27490, male, Sigirari, 02.04.1883, now determined as M. africana athi Hartert, E.J.O.), 686 (ZMB 27491, male, Pangani 28.02.1883) and 814 (male, “Naiwascha See ”, 21.05.1883, missing). All these specimens were collected in 1883 and cannot be considered types for this species as they were collected after publication of the original description, and their localities differ from those given in the description.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23CFFC5AFF1FC761F2812C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23DFFC4AFF1FC8819A813C5.text	03DC9465E23DFFC4AFF1FC8819A813C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sylviella fischeri Reichenow 1900	<div><p>Sylviella fischeri Reichenow, 1900a: 22.</p> <p>Now: Sylvietta whytii minima (Ogilvie-Grant, 1900). See Mayr et al. (1986: 211).</p> <p>Holotype (missing): ZMB 24246 (B 15685, Fischer no. 174a), male, collected at Malindi, [31.05.1878].</p> <p>Type locality: Malindi [Malindi, Kilifi County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description one Fischer specimen from Malindi was mentioned, but was formerly referred to as Sylviella leucopsis. The only specimen with such characteristics is ZMB 24246, which is regarded as the holotype. However, it is not now at the ZMB; it was mounted and probably destroyed during World War II. Sylviella fischeri Reichenow, 1900 was described in February 1900 and so is a junior synonym to Sylviella minima Ogilvie-Grant, 1900, described in January 1900.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23DFFC4AFF1FC8819A813C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23DFFC4AFF1FEAD197D1473.text	03DC9465E23DFFC4AFF1FEAD197D1473.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sylviella leucopsis Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Sylviella leucopsis Reichenow, 1879b: 114.</p> <p>Now: Sylvietta leucopsis (Reichenow, 1879); but see Mayr et al. (1986: 210); White (1961: 730).</p> <p>Holotype (missing): ZMB 24245 (B 15685, Fischer no. 365), male, collected at Kibaradja, [23.10.1878].</p> <p>Type locality: Kibaradja [Kibaradja, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one individual and the locality “Kibaradja” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879: 355) listed two specimens for this species, one collected in Kibaradja (collector’s number 365) and one collected in Malindi (collector’s number 174a). As Reichenow (1879b) gave Kibaradja as type locality, ZMB 24245 (no. 365) is the holotype for this species, whereas no. 174a (ZMB 24246) has no type status [although it later became the type for Sylviella fischeri Reichenow, 1900 (see below)]. Neither specimen is now at the ZMB; they were mounted and probably destroyed during World War II.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23DFFC4AFF1FEAD197D1473	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E23DFFC4AFF1FA73184010B4.text	03DC9465E23DFFC4AFF1FA73184010B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tricholais occipitalis G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Tricholais occipitalis G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 181.</p> <p>Now: Eremomela scotops scotops Sundevall, 1850. See White (1962a: 723); but see also Mayr et al. (1986: 201).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27386 (B 18624, Fischer no. 620), skin, former mount, male, collected at Pangani, 25.12.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 8325 (Fischer no. 642) skin, former mount, female, collected at Maurui, 14.01.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: Pangani [Lower Pangani River, Tanga Region, Tanzania] and Maurui [Maurui, Tanga Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one individual and the localities “Pangani” and “Maurui” were given. Fischer (1884) listed two specimens for this species, one collected in Pangani (no. 620) and one collected in Maurui (no. 642). Therefore both are syntypes for this species. ZMH 8325 was mentioned as the type specimen in Bolau (1898). Both specimens were collected at the beginning of Fischer’s expedition to Masailand and Lake Naivasha. He travelled up the Tanzania coast to Pangani and the mouth of the Pangani River, and then followed the river north passing through the town of Maurui some two weeks later (see Fischer 1885b, c).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23DFFC4AFF1FA73184010B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E202FFFBAFF1FD3A197913B5.text	03DC9465E202FFFBAFF1FD3A197913B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apalis chariessa Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Apalis chariessa Reichenow, 1879: 114.</p> <p>Now: Apalis chariessa chariessa Reichenow, 1879. See White (1962a: 701); Mayr et al. (1986: 160).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24249 (B 15697, Fischer no. 310), male, skin, collected at Mitole, 13.09.1878.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24250 (B 15697, Fischer no. 400), female, skin, collected at Mitole, 19.11.1878.</p> <p>Type locality: Mitole [Mitole, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for more than one individual and the locality “Mitole” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879: 354) listed two specimens from Mitole for this species, so both are syntypes. The loss of forest habitat along the lower Tana suggests that this nominate form may now be globally extinct; a specimen was collected in 1961 (https://ebird.org/checklist/S117362807).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E202FFFBAFF1FD3A197913B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E202FFFBAFF1FB2E19261147.text	03DC9465E202FFFBAFF1FB2E19261147.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Burnesia melanocephala G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Burnesia melanocephala G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 56.</p> <p>Now: Apalis melanocephala melanocephala (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See White (1962a); Mayr et al. (1986: 168).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 6908 (Fischer no. 1010a), male, skin, former mount, collected at Pangani, [22.08.1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Pangani (Küstengebiet)” [Lower Pangani River, Tanga Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one individual and the locality “Pangani (Küstengebiet)” were given. Fischer (1884) listed one specimen for this species with the same measurements as in the original description and the collector’s number 1010a. As that is the only Fischer specimen of this species, ZMH 6908 (also mentioned as the type in Bolau 1898) is the holotype for this species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E202FFFBAFF1FB2E19261147	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E202FFFAAFF1F9331ACB16BA.text	03DC9465E202FFFAAFF1F9331ACB16BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calamonastes fischeri Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Calamonastes Fischeri Reichenow, 1884a: 57.</p> <p>Now: Calamonastes simplex (Cabanis, 1878). See Reichenow (1905: 573); White (1962a: 718).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 6907 (Fischer no. 698), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Panganifluss bei Pare”, 03.03.[18]83.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 27384 (B 18617, Fischer no. 889), skin, former mount, male, collected at Nguruman, 25.06.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Mittellauf des Panganiflusses” [Middle reaches of the Pangani River, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania], in the original description, here ascertained as “Panganifluss bei Pare” [Pangani River Valley, near South Pare Mts, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania], as the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen and no inventory numbers for specimens were provided, but measurements for one individual and the locality “Mittellauf des Panganiflusses” (mid-Pangani River) were given. Fischer (1884) listed two specimens for this species (nos. 698, 889) with the localities Pare and Nguruman. As the measurements given in the original description fit ZMH 6907, which is no. 698 (Fischer 1884) with the same locality as in the description, this specimen is regarded as holotype. ZMB 27384 (no. 889) with the locality Nguruman is regarded as a paratype. ZMH 6907 was also mentioned as the type in Bolau (1898), with the wrong inventory number ZMH 6707 but the correct collector’s number. ZMB 27384 was inventoried in March 1884 with the note “ex originale”.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E202FFFAAFF1F9331ACB16BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E202FFFBAFF1FF61197C1548.text	03DC9465E202FFFBAFF1FF61197C1548.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euprinodes Golzi G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Euprinodes Golzi G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 182.</p> <p>Now: Apalis flavida golzi (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See White (1962a: 702); Mayr et al. (1986: 162).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 27387 (Fischer no. 956), female, collected at “Gross-Aruscha”, 18.07.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Gross-Aruscha ” [Arusha, Arusha Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one individual, the locality “Gross-Aruscha”, and the description of a female were given. Fischer (1884) listed one specimen for this species collected in “Gross-Aruscha” with collector’s number 956. ZMB 27387 is therefore regarded as the holotype for this species. There is another Fischer specimen (ZMB 2000.32457) with the locality “Massailand”. However, this specimen was not listed for this species in Fischer (1884), it is a male, and is not included in the original description, so has no type status. The species name honors the German ornithologist Heinrich Golz (1825–1898).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E202FFFBAFF1FF61197C1548	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E203FFFAAFF1FE261ABA14B3.text	03DC9465E203FFFAAFF1FE261ABA14B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camaroptera pileata Reichenow 1891	<div><p>Camaroptera pileata Reichenow, 1891b: 66.</p> <p>Now: Camaroptera brachyura pileata (Reichenow, 1891). See White (1962a); Mayr et al. (1986: 186).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24756 (B 15689, Fischer no. 411), male, former mount, collected on “ Sansibar ”, 02.10.[1878 or 1879].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): ZMB 18940 (B 6334, von der Decken no. 22), female, former mount (originally in alcohol), collected by C.C. von der Decken on “ Sansibar ”, [23.12.1862].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Sansibar” [Zanzibar, Tanzania], from the original description and locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but the description refers to two specimens collected by von der Decken (“ Sansibar ”, 23.12.1862) and Fischer (“ Sansibar ”, 2.10.). Therefore both are regarded as syntypes, but it is unclear whether ZMB 24756 was collected by Fischer himself. Fischer’s specimen was listed as Camaroptera olivacea Sundevall in Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879: 354).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E203FFFAAFF1FE261ABA14B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E203FFFAAFF1FA1018F31092.text	03DC9465E203FFFAAFF1FA1018F31092.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chloropeta massaica G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Chloropeta massaica G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 54.</p> <p>Now: Iduna natalensis massaica (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Fregin et al. (2009); but see also White (1960: 416); Mayr et al. (1986: 83).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 6910 (Fischer no. 759), male, skin, former mount, collected at “Komboko am Kilima Ndjaro”, [31.03.1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Tschaga (Fuss des Kilimandjaro)” [= Komboko in Chagga (Tchagga) country, Arusha Region / Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one individual and the locality “Tschaga (Fuss des Kilimandjaro)” were given. Fischer (1884) listed one specimen for this species with the same measurements as in the description, the collector’s number 759 with “Komboko” as the locality, which was in “Tschaga (Chagga) country”, so ZMH 6910 is the holotype. ZMH 6910 was also mentioned as type specimen in Bolau (1898).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E203FFFAAFF1FA1018F31092	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E203FFFAAFF1FC30199F126E.text	03DC9465E203FFFAAFF1FC30199F126E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cisticola nana G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Cisticola nana G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884c: 260.</p> <p>Now: Cisticola nana G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884. See White (1962a: 675); Mayr et al. (1986: 113).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 27018 (B 18620, Fischer no. 906), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Ngaruka (Massailand)”, [07.07.1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Ngaruka (Massailand)” [Engaruka, Arusha Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one individual and the locality “Ngaruka (Massailand)” with the date 07.07.1883 were given. Fischer (1884) listed one specimen for this species with the same measurements as in the description and the collector’s number 906. Therefore ZMB 27018 is the holotype for this species. ZMB 27018 was inventoried in March 1884 with the note “ex originale”.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E203FFFAAFF1FC30199F126E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E200FFF9AFF1FF611F99140B.text	03DC9465E200FFF9AFF1FF611F99140B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acrocephalus baeticatus subsp. suahelicus Grote 1926	<div><p>Acrocephalus baeticatus suahelicus Grote, 1926: 145.</p> <p>Now: Acrocephalus scirpaceus suahelicus (Grote, 1926); but see Mayr et al. (1986: 64).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 48.10 (Fischer no. 497), skin, male, collected on “ Sansibar ”, 05.06.[18]81.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 66.526 (Fischer no. 507), skin, female, collected on “ Sansibar ”, [21.07.1881].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 26048 (B 16822, Fischer no. 453), skin, former mount, female, collected on “ Sansibar ”, 18.06.[1881].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 28068 (Stuhlmann no. 442), skin, male, collected on “ Sansibar ”, 26.11.1888.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 28069 (Stuhlmann no. 443), skin, male, collected on “ Sansibar ”, 26.11.1888.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.32544 (B 18999, Fischer no. 501), skin, female, collected on “ Sansibar ”, 13.07.[18]81.</p> <p>Type locality: “Sansibar” [Zanzibar, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description ZMB 48.10 was chosen as the “Typus” and is therefore the holotype of this species. Grote (1926) commented that he had measured six Acrocephalus baeticatus (Vieillot, L.J.P.) from “ Sansibar ” which were at the ZMB. As the above listed specimens from Zanzibar were available at the ZMB in 1926, these specimens are regarded as paratypes. There are further Fischer skins of juvenile A. s. suahelicus from Zanzibar (ZMB 2000.40605, ZMB 2000.40606 and ZMB 2000.40607). However, these are not included as paratypes as they were not explicitly included in the original description.</p> <p>Taxonomy of the Acrocephalus scirpaceus / baeticatus complex remains a subject of much debate. It is regarded as one species A. scirpaceus by Dowsett-Lemaire &amp; Dowsett (1987), Dickinson &amp; Christidis (2014) and Gill et al. (2023) while A. baeticatus is regarded as a separate species by del Hoyo &amp; Collar (2016).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E200FFF9AFF1FF611F99140B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E200FFF9AFF1FC891882120C.text	03DC9465E200FFF9AFF1FC891882120C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllostrephus parvus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Phyllostrephus parvus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884c: 262.</p> <p>Now: Acrocephalus gracilirostris parvus (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See White (1960); Mayr et al. (1986: 75).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 27398 (B 18651, Fischer no. 841), male, skin, former mount, collected at Murentat, 08.06.[18]83].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Murentat (Naiwascha-See)” [Morendat, Nakuru County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and no inventory numbers for specimens were provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Murentát (Naiwascha-See)” were given. Fischer (1884) listed one specimen (collector’s number 841) for this species with the same data as in the description, so is regarded as the holotype for this species. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1884c) and Fischer (1884) gave the collecting date for no. 841 as 07.06., but the label indicates 08.06.83. The holotype was collected in papyrus where the Morendat (now Malewa) River enters Lake Naivasha at 0°42’S, 36°25’E on 07 or 08 June 1883.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E200FFF9AFF1FC891882120C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E200FFF9AFF1FA731F111059.text	03DC9465E200FFF9AFF1FA731F111059.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turdirostris leptorhyncha Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Turdirostris leptorhyncha Reichenow, 1879: 155.</p> <p>Now: Acrocephalus gracilirostris leptorhynchus (Reichenow, 1879). See White (1960); Mayr et al. (1986: 75).</p> <p>Holotype (missing): ZMB 24269 (B 15996, Fischer no. 405), male, collected at Tchara, Tana River, [09.12.1878].</p> <p>Type locality: Tschara [Tschara, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one individual and the locality “Tschara, Africa orientalis” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879: 347) listed one specimen (no. 405) for this species with the same measurements as in the description. As such no. 405 (ZMB 24269) is the holotype, but it is missing. A further specimen of this species (Fischer no. 136) in the Berlin collection (ZMB 2000.32543) was collected at Kagehi on the 18.11.1885 but has no type status, as it was collected after publication of the description.</p> <p>Tschara was very close to modern-day Kipini in the Tana River Delta area.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E200FFF9AFF1FA731F111059	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E201FFF8AFF1FB5919541173.text	03DC9465E201FFF8AFF1FB5919541173.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andropadus insularis subsp. subalaris Reichenow 1903	<div><p>Andropadus insularis subalaris Reichenow, 1903a: 544.</p> <p>Now: Andropadus importunus insularis Hartlaub, 1861; but see Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 254).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 49.34 (Fischer no. 181), skin, female, collected at Malindi, 02.06.[1878].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 29657 (Fischer no. 189), skin, male, collected at Malindi, 04.06.[1878].</p> <p>Type locality: Malindi [Malindi, Kilifi County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, with only the collector Fischer and the locality “ Malindi ” being mentioned. As no other specimens match the collecting data, the above-listed specimens are syntypes for this species. Both were listed in Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879: 348) as Andropadus flavescens.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E201FFF8AFF1FB5919541173	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E201FFFFAFF1F9711BC217E6.text	03DC9465E201FFFFAFF1F9711BC217E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlorocichla centralis Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Chlorocichla centralis Reichenow, 1887: 74.</p> <p>Now: Chlorocichla flaviventris centralis (Reichenow, 1887). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 262).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 49.46 (Fischer no. 16), skin, female, collected at Loeru, 05.09.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: Loeru [Loeru, southeast of Kondoa, Dodoma Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: The original description clearly refers to the specimen with Fischer no. 16 collected at Loeru, and measurements for one individual were given. Therefore ZMB 49.46 is the holotype for this species.</p> <p>Other Fischer specimens of this species in the Berlin collection (ZMB 24278, ZMB 2000.26491, ZMB 2000.26496) were neither collected at Loeru nor included in the original description, so do not belong to the type series.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E201FFFFAFF1F9711BC217E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E201FFF8AFF1FF291E7C1313.text	03DC9465E201FFF8AFF1FF291E7C1313.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cotyle rufigula G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Cotyle rufigula G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 53.</p> <p>Now: Ptyonoprogne rufigula rufigula (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). Nec Cotyle fuligula (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1842); see Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 104) and remarks below.</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 6906 (Fischer no. 860), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Naiwascha (Massai)(1500–200 Meter Höhe)”, 12.06.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Naiwascha (Massai) (1500–200 Meter Höhe)” [near Lake Naivasha (elevation 1500–2000m), Nakuru County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen nor were inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Naiwascha See ” were given. Fischer (1884) listed one specimen (no. 860) for this species, so ZMH 6906 is the holotype. The specimen was also mentioned as the type in Bolau (1898).</p> <p>Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1884a) clearly described the differences of the newly described species from Cotyle fuligula (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1842). The species was formerly placed in Hirundo and treated as H. fuligula fusciventris by White (1961: 62), (rufigula being preoccupied by Hirundo rufigula Bocage, 1878), but when placed in Ptyonoprogne the name rufigula is no longer preoccupied, and Ptyonoprogne fuligula rufigula is used by many authorities including Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960) and Dickinson &amp; Christidis (2014). Meanwhile del Hoyo &amp; Collar (2016) split the African Rock Martin into two species: the tropical African P. rufigula (Red-throated Rock Martin) and the southern African P. fuligula (Large Rock Martin).</p> <p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.35/lat -1.0833334)">It</a> is impossible to say where at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.35/lat -1.0833334)">Naivasha</a> the holotype was collected; as being a bird of cliffs and gorges it would have been unlikely to be found near the lake itself. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.35/lat -1.0833334)">It</a> is far more likely that it would have been collected close to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.35/lat -1.0833334)">Hell’s Gate National Park</a> (towards <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.35/lat -1.0833334)">Mount Suswa</a>) where it is locally abundant, also on 12 June 1883 Fischer was retreating from the Masai and was south of the lake at approximately 1°05’S, 36°21’E (see Fischer 1885b, c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E201FFF8AFF1FF291E7C1313	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E206FFFFAFF1FED0195815AD.text	03DC9465E206FFFFAFF1FED0195815AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlorocichla flaviventris subsp. mombasae Shelley 1896	<div><p>Chlorocichla flaviventris mombasae Shelley, 1896: 64.</p> <p>Now: Chlorocichla flaviventris centralis (Reichenow, 1887). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 262).</p> <p>Holotype: BMNH 1895.5.1.734 (Fischer no. 109), skin, male, collected at “ Mombassa ”, 15.07.1877.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Mombassa ” [Mombasa Island, Mombasa County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: Shelley (1896) explicitly described the species based on a Mombasa specimen in his private collection before it went to the BMNH. As BMNH 1895.5.1.734 is the only Mombasa specimen of this species at the BMNH, it is the holotype (Warren &amp; Harrison 1971: 361). Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1878b) mentioned it as no. 109 under the name Criniger flaviventris (Smith, A).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E206FFFFAFF1FED0195815AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E206FFFFAFF1FA871909103E.text	03DC9465E206FFFFAFF1FA871909103E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Criniger fischeri Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Criniger Fischeri Reichenow, 1879c: 139.</p> <p>Now: Phyllastrephus fischeri (Reichenow, 1879). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 270).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24253 (B 15699, Fischer no. 322), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Muniuni”, 20.09.1878.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Muniuni (Ostafrika)” [Munyuni, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one individual and the locality “Muniuni” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) mentioned one specimen for this species with no. 322 and the same measurements as in the description, so ZMB 24253 is the holotype. Another Fischer specimen of this species in the Hamburg collection (ZMH 8260) cannot be a type as it was collected at Maurui in 1883.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E206FFFFAFF1FA871909103E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E206FFFFAFF1FD1919771219.text	03DC9465E206FFFFAFF1FD1919771219.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllastrephus capensis subsp. suahelicus Reichenow 1904	<div><p>Phyllastrephus capensis suahelicus Reichenow, 1904b: 405.</p> <p>Now: Phyllastrephus terrestris suahelicus (Reichenow, 1904). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 264).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27115 (B 18695, Fischer no. 589), mount, collected at Masindi, 08.08.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.26585, skin, collected in Usegua, 06.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.26586, skin, collected in Usegua, 06.1882</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.26587, skin, collected in Usaramo, 01.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 49.39, skin, collected by R. Böhm at Msua, 08.[1880].</p> <p>Type locality: “Ostafrika vom Pangani bis zum Rufiji” (East Africa from Pangani River to Rufiji River), from the original description, ascertained as coastal Tanzania [Tanga Region / Pwani Region, Tanzania], the localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was designated.All the listed specimens are referred to as examined material (characterized by their collecting data) in the description and are thus regarded as syntypes. Sclater (1930: 382) noted under Phyllastrephus capensis suahelicus Reichenow, 1904 “type in Berlin from Msua”. This cannot be considered the designation of a lectotype (ICZN 1999), as it was not stated that the specimen was selected from the series as given in the original description.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E206FFFFAFF1FD1919771219	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E206FFFEAFF1F8A219C216BB.text	03DC9465E206FFFEAFF1F8A219C216BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Criniger strepitans Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Criniger strepitans Reichenow, 1879c: 139.</p> <p>Now: Phyllastrephus strepitans (Reichenow, 1879). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 265).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24251 (B 15698, Fischer no. 192), skin, former mount, male, collected at Malindi, 05.06.1878.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24252 (B 15698, Fischer no. 191), skin, former mount, male, collected at Malindi, 05.06.1878.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Malindi (Ostafrika)” [Malindi, Kilifi County, Kenya], from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one individual and the locality “ Malindi ” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) mentioned two specimens with nos. 191 &amp; 192 for this species, and so both are regarded as syntypes. Another Fischer specimen of this species in the Hamburg collection (ZMH 8259, Fischer no. 786) cannot be included in the type series as it was collected at Nguruman in 1883.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E206FFFEAFF1F8A219C216BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E207FFFEAFF1FA0C18CB101A.text	03DC9465E207FFFEAFF1FA0C18CB101A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argya mentalis Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Argya mentalis Reichenow, 1887: 75.</p> <p>Now: Argya aylmeri mentalis (Reichenow, 1887). See Deignan et al. (1964: 336).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 29667 (Fischer no. 47), skin, female, collected at “Soboro”, 30.09.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Soboro” [Zoboro, Singida Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: The original description clearly referred to no. 47 collected at “Soboro” and included measurements for one individual. Therefore, ZMB 29667 is the holotype for this species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E207FFFEAFF1FA0C18CB101A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E207FFFEAFF1FE3918E01420.text	03DC9465E207FFFEAFF1FE3918E01420.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xenocichla tenuirostris G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Xenocichla tenuirostris G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884c: 262.</p> <p>Now: Phyllastrephus flavostriatus tenuirostris (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 267).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 49.48 (Fischer no. 589), skin, collected at Lindi, 04.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 49.49 (Fischer no. 588), skin, collected at Lindi, 04.1882.</p> <p>Type locality: Lindi [Lindi, Lindi Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: The original description refers to Fischer nos. 588 &amp; 589, collected at Lindi. Therefore, the above-listed specimens, probably collected for Fischer, are syntypes for this species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E207FFFEAFF1FE3918E01420	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E207FFFEAFF1FC6B1BF41243.text	03DC9465E207FFFEAFF1FC6B1BF41243.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zosterops eurycricotus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Zosterops eurycricotus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 55.</p> <p>Now: Zosterops eurycricotus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a. See Martins et al. (2020); but see also Greenway et al. (1967: 332).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 6909 (Fischer no. 941), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Gross Aruscha” [Arusha, Arusha Region, Tanzania], 17.07.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “am Fuss des Maeru-Berg (Massai)” [near Mt Meru, Arusha Region, Tanzania], from the original description, here ascertained as “Gross Aruscha” [Arusha, Arusha Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “am Fuss des Maeru-Berg (Massai)” were given. The town of “Gross Aruscha” is situated at the base of Mount Meru. As Fischer (1884) listed only one specimen for this species (no. 941), ZMH 6909 is regarded as the holotype. It was also mentioned as the type specimen in Bolau (1898).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E207FFFEAFF1FC6B1BF41243	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E207FFFDAFF1F8871A2F16BB.text	03DC9465E207FFFDAFF1F8871A2F16BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crateropus squamulatus Shelley 1884	<div><p>Crateropus squamulatus Shelley, 1884: 45.</p> <p>Now: Turdoides squamulata squamulata (Shelley, 1884). See Deignan et al. (1964: 344).</p> <p>Holotype: BMNH 1895.5.1.1328 (Fischer no. 104), skin, male, collected at “Mombassa”, 23.07.1877.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Mombassa ” [Mombasa Island, Mombasa County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description BMNH 1895.5.1.1328 was chosen as the type specimen and is therefore the holotype. The specimen, which belonged to the private collection of Captain Shelley before being incorporated into the BMNH collection (Warren &amp; Harrison 1971: 525), is identified from its collection data. The collector’s number was added following Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1878b) where the specimen was listed under the name Crateropus kirkii (Sharpe, RB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E207FFFDAFF1F8871A2F16BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E204FFFCAFF1F9591A3717E6.text	03DC9465E204FFFCAFF1F9591A3717E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cosmopsarus regius Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Cosmopsarus regius Reichenow, 1879a: 107–108.</p> <p>Now: Lamprotornis regius (Reichenow, 1879). See Amadon et al. (1962: 102).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24260 (Fischer no. 373), skin, male, collected at “Massa”, 02.11.1878.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Massa” [Masabubu, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Massa” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) listed one specimen (no. 373) for this species, and with no other Fischer specimen of this species, ZMB 24260 is the holotype.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E204FFFCAFF1F9591A3717E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E204FFFDAFF1FE2C1E60147F.text	03DC9465E204FFFDAFF1FE2C1E60147F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crateropus hypoleucus subsp. rufuensis Neumann 1906	<div><p>Crateropus hypoleucus rufuensis Neumann, 1906: 148.</p> <p>Now: Turdoides hypoleuca rufuensis (Neumann, 1906). See Deignan et al. (1964: 346).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 29701 (Fischer no. 2), skin, male, collected in “Usegua”, 28.08.1885.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.64508, skin, male, juvenile, collected by L. von Trotha at “Kiboscho (Kilima Ndscharo)”, 17.03.1896.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Usegua” [Useguha country, Tanga Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description ZMB 29701 was chosen as the type specimen and is therefore the holotype for this subspecies. Neumann (1906) also mentioned another specimen collected by von Trotha that he had examined (ZMB 2000.64508). He gave the distribution as “Gebiet des oberen Rufu (Pangani) von Kiboscho am Kilima Ndscharo bis nach Usegua” (Area of the upper Rufu (Pangani) River from Kiboscho at Kilimanjaro to Usegua).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E204FFFDAFF1FE2C1E60147F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E204FFFDAFF1FBD51BCA11B1.text	03DC9465E204FFFDAFF1FBD51BCA11B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Speculipastor bicolor Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Speculipastor bicolor Reichenow, 1879a: 107–108.</p> <p>Now: Speculipastor bicolor Reichenow, 1879. See Amadon et al. (1962b: 99).</p> <p>Syntype (missing): ZMB 24261 (B 15711, Fischer no. 238), male, collected at Kipini, [11.07.1878].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24262 (B 15711, Fischer no. 240), skin, former mount, female, collected at Kipini, 11.07.1878.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): Fischer no. 239, female, collected at Kipini, [11.07.1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Kipini (Ost-Africa)” [Kipini, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for more than one specimen, descriptions for both sexes, and the locality “Kipini (Ost-Africa)” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) listed three specimens (nos. 238, 239, 240) for this species, and thus all three are syntypes. The missing no. 239 was not inventoried in Berlin. The other two were mounted in 1879–1880, and ZMB 24261was probably destroyed along with other mounts in World War II.</p> <p>Cosmopsarus Reichenow, 1879a: 107–108. Type, by original designation Cosmopsarus regius Reichenow, 1879.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E204FFFDAFF1FBD51BCA11B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E205FFFCAFF1FED11E281426.text	03DC9465E205FFFCAFF1FED11E281426.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notauges fischeri Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Notauges Fischeri Reichenow, 1884a: 54.</p> <p>Now: Lamprotornis fischeri (Reichenow, 1884). See Amadon et al. (1962: 100).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 6915 (Fischer no. 985), skin, female, collected on “Ebene bei Pare” (plains near the Pare Mountains), 04.08.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Ebene bei Pare” [plains near South Pare Mts, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Ebene bei Pare” (plains near the Pare Mountains) were given. Fischer (1884) noted that he collected only one specimen (no. 985), and as there is no other Fischer specimen of this species, ZMH 6915 is the holotype. The specimen was mentioned as the type in Bolau (1898), but with the wrong collecting date. Fischer collected this specimen on his return to the coast, and on that date he would have been near what is now the town of Mkomazi (north of Mazinde), at approximately 4°38’S, 38°05’E.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E205FFFCAFF1FED11E281426	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E205FFFCAFF1FBEC1A12112E.text	03DC9465E205FFFCAFF1FBEC1A12112E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudocossyphus rufus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Pseudocossyphus rufus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 58.</p> <p>Now: Neocossyphus rufus rufus (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Deignan et al. (1964: 95).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27382 (B 18606, Fischer no. 1002), skin, former mount, female, collected at Pangani, 23.08.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6914 (Fischer no. 991), skin, former mount, male, collected at Pangani, 15.08.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Pangani (Küstengebiet)” [Pangani River, Tanga Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one individual and the locality “Pangani (Küstengebiet)” were given. As Fischer (1884) listed two specimens for this species (nos. 991 and 1002) together with the locality Pangani and with the description fitting both specimens, both are regarded as syntypes. ZMH 6914 (no. 991) was also given as the type in Bolau (1898). In the accompanying documentation it was marked as a “Lektotype” without further comment, but we were unable to find a lectotype designation. ZMB 27382 was inventoried in March 1884 with the note “ex originale”.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E205FFFCAFF1FBEC1A12112E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E205FFFCAFF1FC901AD214DE.text	03DC9465E205FFFCAFF1FC901AD214DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turdidae Rafinesque 1815	<div><p>Turdidae</p> <p>Pseudocossyphus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 58. Type, by original designation Pseudocossyphus rufus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E205FFFCAFF1FC901AD214DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E205FFF3AFF1F9981A91169E.text	03DC9465E205FFF3AFF1F9981A91169E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turdus guttatus subsp. fischeri Hellmayr 1901	<div><p>Turdus guttatus fischeri Hellmayr, 1901: 54.</p> <p>Now: Geokichla guttata fischeri (Hellmayr, 1901). See Deignan et al. (1964: 154); Prigogine (1985).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 8395 (Fischer no. 1005), skin, former mount, female, collected at Pangani, 21.08.[18]83.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): ZMB 24272 (B 15682, Fischer no. 266), male, collected at Kipini, [28.07.1878].</p> <p>Paratype (missing): Fischer no. 265, female, collected at Kipini, [28.05.1878].</p> <p>Type locality: Pangani [Pangani River Valley, Tanga Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description ZMH 8395 was mentioned as type specimen with an inventory number referring to the holotype. Hellmayr (1901) examined ZMH 8395, which was available to him, but also included in the new species all Fischer specimens collected at Kipini on the basis of their measurements. Therefore, the other two specimens are regarded as paratypes. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) listed under the name Turdus guttatus two specimens from Kipini (Fischer nos. 265, 266). Only one of them (now missing) was inventoried in the Berlin collection as ZMB 24272, while the whereabouts of no. 265 are also unknown, and there are no further Fischer specimens of this subspecies (Fischer 1884; Reichenow 1887).</p> <p>Concerning the distribution Hellmayr (1901) wrote: “Unsere Form wurde bisher bloss von Kipini (Formosa Bai), dann in der Küstenregion zwischen Mombas und dem Tanafluss, sowie am Pangani beobachtet. ” (this form was only observed at Kipini (Formosa Bay), in the coastal region between Mombasa and the River Tana as well as at the River Pangani).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E205FFF3AFF1F9981A91169E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20AFFF3AFF1FBA4192F11AE.text	03DC9465E20AFFF3AFF1FBA4192F11AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aedon psammochroa Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Aëdon psammochroa Reichenow, 1879c: 139.</p> <p>Now: Cercotrichas galactotes (Temminck, 1820), subspecies uncertain. See Reichenow (1905: 656); Jackson &amp; Sclater (1938: 1020).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24248 (B 15687, Fischer no. 386), skin, former mount, female, juvenile, collected at “Massa”, 05.11.[18]78.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Massa (Ostafrika)” [Masabubu, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Massa” were given. As there is only one Fischer specimen for this species in the ZMB and ZMH collections and only one was mentioned by Fischer &amp;Reichenow(1879: 355) with no. 386 for this species, ZMB 24248 (marked as the type specimen in the collection catalogue) is regarded as the holotype. Reichenow (1905: 656) considered Aedon psammochroa a race of Agrobates familiaris (Ménétriés), while Jackson &amp; Sclater (1938) referred to this specimen as being synonymous with Agrobates galactotes syriacus (Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg), following Meinertzhagen (1922). [See footnote in Sclater 1930: 498.] Two subspecies of Cercotrichas galactotes (familiaris and syriacus) winter in East Africa, but subspecific assignment of the holotype (a juvenile female) was not possible.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20AFFF3AFF1FBA4192F11AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20AFFF3AFF1FDB01A611332.text	03DC9465E20AFFF3AFF1FDB01A611332.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thamnobia quadrivirgata Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Thamnobia quadrivirgata Reichenow, 1879b: 114.</p> <p>Now: Tychaedon quadrivirgata quadrivirgata (Reichenow, 1879). See Deignan et al. (1964: 25).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24247 (B 15686, Fischer no. 267), skin, former mount, male, collected at Kipini, 28.07.[1878].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): Fischer no. 263, male, collected at Kipini, [27.07.1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Kipini (Ostafrica)” [Kipini, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description measurements for more than one specimen and the locality “Kipini (Ostafrica)” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) listed two specimens (nos. 263, 267) from Kipini for this species, so both are regarded as syntypes. The whereabouts of specimen no. 263 are unknown. It was neither inventoried in Berlin nor mentioned in Bolau (1898) as the type for the ZMH, but such a specimen was listed as type specimen in a sales list (Reichenow 1878b).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20AFFF3AFF1FDB01A611332	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20AFFF2AFF1F9181BFE1672.text	03DC9465E20AFFF2AFF1F9181BFE1672.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erythropygia vulpina Reichenow 1891	<div><p>Erythropygia vulpina Reichenow, 1891b: 62.</p> <p>Now: Cercotrichas leucophrys vulpina (Reichenow, 1891). See Deignan et al. (1964: 20).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27511 (B 18616, Fischer no. 697), skin, former mount, male, collected at Pare (Pare Mountains), 03.03.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24830 (B 14857, Hildebrandt no. 195), skin, former mount, male, collected by J.M. Hildebrandt at Ndi, Teita, 07.[18]77.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Ndi in Teita” [Ndi, Teita-Taveta County, Kenya] and “Pare Gebirge” [South Pare Mts, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, though the localities “Ndi in Teita” and “Pare Gebirge” together with the names of the collectors were given. As there are no other specimens of this species with that combination of locality and collector, ZMB 27511 and ZMB 24830 are syntypes for this species. Deignan et al. (1964: 20) gave as locality for this species “Ndi in Teita”.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20AFFF2AFF1F9181BFE1672	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20BFFF2AFF1FE7119AD1474.text	03DC9465E20BFFF2AFF1FE7119AD1474.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erythropygia brunneiceps Reichenow 1891	<div><p>Erythropygia brunneiceps Reichenow, 1891b: 63.</p> <p>Now: Cercotrichas leucophrys brunneiceps (Reichenow, 1891). See Deignan et al. (1964: 20).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 27016 (B 18615, Fischer no. 800), skin, former mount, female, collected on the “Waso nyiro”, 28.04.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Waso nyiro” [Uaso Nyiro River, Southern Uaso Nyiro Valley, near the Nguruman Escarpment, Kajiado County, Kenya], from the original description as well as localituy of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but the locality Nguruman was given. Fischer (1884) listed two females of this species from Nguruman (nos. 777, 800). Of these, only no. 800 was inventoried and is now in the collection (there is no trace of no. 777); evidently only ZMB 27016 was in the collection in 1891, so is regarded as the holotype for this species. On the collecting date, Fischer was travelling along the Southern Uaso Nyiro Valley at the base of the Nguruman Escarpment on his way north to Lake Naivasha.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20BFFF2AFF1FE7119AD1474	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20BFFF2AFF1FC6F192611EC.text	03DC9465E20BFFF2AFF1FC6F192611EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erythropygia brunneiceps subsp. soror Reichenow 1904	<div><p>Erythropygia brunneiceps soror Reichenow, 1904a: 95.</p> <p>Now: Cercotrichas leucophrys brunneiceps (Reichenow, 1891); but see White (1962a); Deignan et al. (1964: 20).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 2000.2489 (Fischer no. 737), skin, male, collected at “Klein Aruscha”, 26.03.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “Klein Aruscha” [Arusha Chini, Arusha Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for more than one individual as well as the locality “Klein Aruscha” and the collector Fischer were given. Fischer (1884) listed only one specimen of Erythropygia leucoptera (Rüppell) from “Klein-Aruscha” (no. 737). As only this Fischer specimen of this subspecies from “Klein Aruscha” was inventoried, and no other specimen can be traced in the collection (neither presently nor in the catalogues), it would appear that only ZMB 2000.2489 (which matches the characteristics in the original description) was in the collection in 1904. Therefore it is regarded as the holotype for this subspecies, despite measurements for more than one individual having been given.</p> <p>Reichenow (1905) listed many more specimens of Erythropygia brunneiceps soror from the following collectors: Fischer (ZMB 27016, ZMB 2000.2482, ZMB 2000.2485, ZMB 2000.2497, ZMB Fischer no. 626); Emin Pasha (ZMB 30398); Schnorrenpfeil (ZMB 2000.2498); Stuhlmann (ZMB 2000.2483, ZMB 2000.2486); Fülleborn (ZMB 2000.2495, ZMB 2000.2496); Whyte (ZMB 31163). As they were not all mentioned in Reichenow (1904a), they are not regarded as types but may be regarded as possible paratypes.</p> <p>The holotype was collected only three weeks after Fischer collected Erythropygia vulpina (see above) at the base of the South Pare Mountains, highlighting some of the problems surrounding the entire Cercotrichas leucophrys (Vieillot) complex. Deignan et al. (1964) merely followed White (1962a) in synonymizing Erythropygia leucophrys soror with E. l. zambesiana (Sharpe).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20BFFF2AFF1FC6F192611EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20BFFF1AFF1F8D01E6E169F.text	03DC9465E20BFFF1AFF1F8D01E6E169F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erythropygia ruficauda subsp. iodomera Grote 1927	<div><p>Erythropygia ruficauda iodomera Grote, 1927: 104.</p> <p>Now: Cercotrichas leucophrys zambesiana (Sharpe, 1882). See Deignan et al. (1964: 20).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 2000.2482 (Fischer no. 601), skin, male, collected in “Usegua”, 06.[18]82.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.2497 (Fischer no. 579), skin, collected at Lindi, 04.[18]82.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.2486 (Stuhlmann no. 908/2), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Pangani, [1888–1890].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.2498 (Schnorrenpfeil no. 15), skin, collected by Karl Schnorrenpfeil at Lindi, [04.1895 –08.1897].</p> <p>Type locality: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.1897&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.1895" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.1897/lat 4.1895)">Usegua</a> [Useguha country, Tanga Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: The original description clearly refers to the specimen with Fischer’s collection number 601, so ZMB 2000.2482 is the holotype. Grote (1927) noted that he had seen nine specimens and found this subspecies “die ganze ostafrikanische Küste mindestens von Pangani an bis Lindi ” (along the whole East African coast at least between Pangani and Lindi); those listed as paratypes match that distribution, and are labeled Erythropygia ruficauda iodomera. Although this name is also mentioned on ZMB 2000.2484 (Pangawe, 1911, Karl Hofmann) and ZMB 2000.2485 (Maurui, 1883, Fischer), neither of these localities are coastal and therefore the specimens are not included in the type series. It is unclear what other specimens Grote (1927) included in his new subspecies.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20BFFF1AFF1F8D01E6E169F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E208FFF1AFF1FE081ADF14EF.text	03DC9465E208FFF1AFF1FE081ADF14EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alseonax murina G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Alseonax murina G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 54.</p> <p>Now: Muscicapa adusta murina (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Mayr et al. (1986: 328).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27438 (B 18662, Fischer no. 930), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Gross-Aruscha”, 15.07.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6911 (Fischer no. 925), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Gross-Aruscha”, [14.07.1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Maeru Berg (Massai)” [Mt Meru, Arusha Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Maeru-Berg, Massai” were given. Fischer (1884) listed two specimens (nos. 925, 930) from “Gross-Aruscha” for this species. As both specimens from “Gross Aruscha” were collected near Mount Meru (no specimens of this species are traceable from Mount Meru itself), ZMH 6911 and ZMB 27438 are regarded as syntypes. ZMH 6911 was also listed as the type in Bolau (1898). ZMB 27438 was inventoried in March 1884 with the note “ex originale”.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E208FFF1AFF1FE081ADF14EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E208FFF1AFF1FBD819DF126E.text	03DC9465E208FFF1AFF1FBD819DF126E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bradyornis microrhyncha Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Bradyornis microrhyncha Reichenow, 1887: 62.</p> <p>Now: Bradornis microrhynchus microrhynchus Reichenow, 1887. See Mayr et al. (1986: 302).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 2000.32625 (B 20105, Fischer no. 28), skin, male, collected at Irangi, 16.09.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: Irangi [Irangi, Dodoma Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: The original description clearly refers to one specimen, no. 28.As no further specimen was mentioned, ZMB 2000.32625 is the holotype for this species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E208FFF1AFF1FBD819DF126E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E208FFF0AFF1FA011A6917E6.text	03DC9465E208FFF0AFF1FA011A6917E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dioptrornis fischeri Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Dioptrornis Fischeri Reichenow, 1884a: 53.</p> <p>Now: Melaenornis fischeri fischeri (Reichenow, 1884). See Mayr et al. (1986: 303).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27025 (B 18661, Fischer no. 912), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Gross Aruscha”, 10.07.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6916 (Fischer no. 931), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Gr[oss] Aruscha”, [15.07.]1883.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Maeru Berg (Massai)” [Mt Meru, Arusha Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Maeru-Berg, Massai” were given. Fischer (1884) listed four (nos. 912, 931, 826, 820) from “Gross-Aruscha” and “Naiwascha” for this species. As the description matches both sexes, and with both specimens from “Gross Aruscha” collected near Mount Meru (no specimens of this species are traceable from Mount Meru itself), ZMH 6916 and ZMB 27025 are regarded as syntypes for this species. The juvenile specimens Fischer nos. 826 [see Fischer 1884; ZMB 27437 (female, “Naiwascha”, 27.05.1883), no. 820 (see Fischer 1884), and possibly ZMH 8406 (“Naiwascha”, 1883)] were all collected at Lake Naivasha and are therefore not regarded as syntypes. Bolau (1898) incorrectly listed ZMH 6919 and ZMH 8406 as the type specimens.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E208FFF0AFF1FA011A6917E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E209FFF0AFF1FD191FE013BF.text	03DC9465E209FFF0AFF1FD191FE013BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lusciola africana G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Lusciola africana G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 182.</p> <p>Now: Luscinia megarhynchos africana (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Deignan et al. (1964: 41).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 27015 (B 18604, Fischer no. 716), skin, former mount, [male], collected at “Klein-Aruscha”, 16.03.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “Klein-Aruscha am Kilimandjaro ” [Arusha Chini, Arusha Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Klein-Aruscha am Kilimandjaro ” were given. As Fischer (1884) listed only one specimen for this species (no. 716), ZMB 27015 is the holotype. The inventory number was not mentioned on the museum label, but it was labelled as the type specimen. Although noted as missing in the catalogue around 1950, it seems to be the only Fischer specimen of this species, so must be the type.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E209FFF0AFF1FD191FE013BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E209FFF0AFF1FED1185315AD.text	03DC9465E209FFF0AFF1FED1185315AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tarsiger orientalis G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Tarsiger orientalis G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 57.</p> <p>Now: Pogonocichla stellata orientalis (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Deignan et al. (1964: 31).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 6905 (Fischer no. 1004), skin, male, collected at “Pangani (Küstengebiet)”, [21.08.1883].</p> <p>Type locality: Pangani [Pangani, Tanga Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Pangani (Küstengebiet)” were given. Fischer (1884) listed only one specimen (no. 1004) for this species, and as there are no other Fischer specimens of this species, ZMH 6905 (also listed as type in Bolau 1898) is the holotype.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E209FFF0AFF1FED1185315AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E209FFF0AFF1FB2B1AF6102E.text	03DC9465E209FFF0AFF1FB2B1AF6102E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thamnolaea subrufipennis Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Thamnolaea subrufipennis Reichenow, 1887: 78.</p> <p>Now: Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris subrufipennis (Reichenow, 1887). See Deignan et al. (1964: 120).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 28415 (Fischer no. 64), skin, male, collected “auf dem Weg nach Ussure” [on the way to Ussure], 12.10.[1885].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 28416 (Fischer no. 95), skin, female, collected in “Magala-Steppe, Usukuma”, 04.11.[1885].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): Fischer no. 222, female, collected in “Schasche”, [25.01.1886].</p> <p>Type locality: Ussure [Ussure, Singida Region, Tanzania], Usukuma [Usukuma country, Mwanza Region, Tanzania] and Schasche [Mt Schasche, Mara Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen were given. Three specimens mentioned in Fischer (1884) (nos. 64, 95, 222) are regarded as syntypes. The whereabouts of no. 222 are unknown, and it was not listed in the ZMB catalogues. There is however a further Fischer specimen of that species (ZMB 27566, no. 677, female, Maurui, 03.02.1883), which was originally identified as Thamnolaea albiscapulata (Rüppell), but is not regarded as a type specimen for T. subrufipennis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E209FFF0AFF1FB2B1AF6102E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E209FFF7AFF1F89818FC169F.text	03DC9465E209FFF7AFF1F89818FC169F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecocichla leucolaema G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1880	<div><p>Myrmecocichla leucolaema G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1880b: 181.</p> <p>Now: Myrmecocichla arnotti leucolaema (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1880). See Deignan et al. (1964: 117).</p> <p>Holotype (missing): one specimen collected in “Nguru-Berge” (Nguru Mountains).</p> <p>Type locality: “ Nguru-Berge” [Nguru Mts, Morogoro Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Nguru-Berge” (Nguru Mountains.) were given. The whereabouts of this specimen are unknown. It was probably collected for Fischer, as it was cited by him (Fischer 1885: 142), but it was never integrated into the ZMB and ZMH collections. A different specimen, ZMB 27325 [collected by Böhm from Yangzeange (in Usagara) in 1880], is incorrectly labelled as a type for this species, although it does match the morphological characteristics in the description.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E209FFF7AFF1F89818FC169F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20EFFF7AFF1FB481AAA108F.text	03DC9465E20EFFF7AFF1FB481AAA108F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cinnyris fischeri Reichenow 1880	<div><p>Cinnyris Fischeri Reichenow, 1880a (in Fischer &amp; Reichenow 1880): 142.</p> <p>Now: Cyanomitra verreauxii fischeri (Reichenow, 1880). See Greenway et al. (1967: 228).</p> <p>Holotype (missing): ZMB 24982 [B 16566, Fischer no. 224], former mount, male, collected on “Mossambique Island”, [May 1879].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Mossambique Island ” [Mozambique Island, Nampula Province, Mozambique] from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks:The original description clearly refers to one specimen (no.224)collected for Fischer at“Mossambique” in May 1879, so ZMB 24892 is the holotype for this species. The specimen was inventoried at the ZMB in January 1881 and was mounted, and in the catalogue it was mentioned that it is the type for Cinnyris Fischeri in 1881. In the 1950s, however, it was noted that the mounted holotype was missing, suggesting it was destroyed during World War II. A further Fischer specimen of this species, ZMB 27396 (B 18647, no. 1002, also missing), male mount, collected in Pangani, [21.08.1883] arrived in Berlin during March 1884, but has no type status. It is unlikely that Fischer went to northeast Mozambique in May 1879, as he was on Zanzibar on 18 May and at Bagamoyo on 01 June 1879 (possibly returning from the Nguru Mountains). It is however possible that the Denhardt brothers went in their boat south to Mozambique Island during May 1879 and brought back the three birds for Fischer that we know came from the island.</p> <p>Drepanorhynchus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 56. Type, by original designation Drepanorhynchus Reichenowi G.A. Fischer.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20EFFF7AFF1FB481AAA108F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20EFFF7AFF1FE0818711316.text	03DC9465E20EFFF7AFF1FE0818711316.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saxicola schalowi G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Saxicola Schalowi G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 57.</p> <p>Now: Oenanthe lugens schalowi (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884). See Deignan et al. (1964: 128).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27383 (B 18610, Fischer nos, 848?), skin, male, collected at “Naiwaschasee”, 09.06.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6912 (Fischer no. 834a), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Naiwascha”, 04.06.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Naiwascha-See (Massai)” [Lake Naivasha, Nakuru County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Naiwascha See ” were given. As Fischer (1884) mentioned two specimens for this species, both are regarded as syntypes. Specimen ZMH 6912 is marked as a type specimen on the label. Bolau (1898) was unable to explain the discrepancy between no. 834 (Fischer 1884) and no. 834a (on label). However in Fischer (1884), no. 834 is also given for a specimen of Cisticola haematocephala Cabanis which would explain why Fischer added the “a” to distinguish them. ZMB 27383 was inventoried in March 1884 with the note “ex originale”. It may also be the one mentioned in Fischer (1884) as no. 848. The species name honors the German ornithologist Herman Schalow (1852–1925).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20EFFF7AFF1FE0818711316	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20FFFF6AFF1FF611E2714EB.text	03DC9465E20FFFF6AFF1FF611E2714EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drepanorhynchus reichenowi G. A. Fischer 1884	<div><p>Drepanorhynchus Reichenowi G.A. Fischer, 1884 (in Fischer &amp; Reichenow 1884a): 56.</p> <p>Now: Drepanorhynchus reichenowi reichenowi G.A. Fischer, 1884. See Greenway et al. (1967: 270).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 6903 [Fischer no. 861], skin, former mount, male, collected at “Naiwascha”, 12.06.[1883].</p> <p>Paratype (missing): ZMB 27397 [B 18648, Fischer no. 853], male, juvenile, collected at “Naiwascha”, 11.06.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Naiwascha-See (Massai)” [south of Lake Naivasha, Nakuru County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype (see comment below).</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Naiwascha” were given. Fischer (1884) listed two males collected at the same locality and on the same date, one (no. 853) a juvenile. He gave the same description as in Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1884a) for the “Typus”, which refers to the adult specimen no. 861. For the juvenile no. 853, Fischer (1884) described the coloration in detail, but this is distinctly different to that given in the species description. Therefore ZMH 6903 (also mentioned as type specimen for this species in Bolau 1898) is regarded as the holotype for this species and ZMB 27397 as a paratype. ZMB 27397 was itself inventoried with the note “ex originale” at the ZMB in March 1884 and was mounted. In the catalogue is a note that it was missing in the 1950s, suggesting it was among those destroyed during World War II.</p> <p>Fischer (1884) wrote “Die meisten der erlegten Exemplare befanden sich in der Mauser” [Most of the collected specimens were in moult], however the whereabouts of those specimens are unknown. At Naivasha Fischer camped close to the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.416668/lat -0.75)">Morendat River</a> (around 0°45’S, 36°25’E) for some time, and at this time of the year this sunbird is common in the Rift Valley feeding on flowers.</p> <p>However on the collection dates of 11–12 June 1883, Fischer was closer to Mount Suswa than to Lake Naivasha. He passed through what is now <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.333332/lat -1.1666666)">Hell’s Gate National Park</a> to the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.333332/lat -1.1666666)">Mount Suswa</a> side and then south to the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.333332/lat -1.1666666)">Nguruman Escarpment area</a> (see Fischer 1885b, c), thus making the collection area approximately 01°10’S, 36°20’E.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20FFFF6AFF1FF611E2714EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20FFFF6AFF1FBE9194410C2.text	03DC9465E20FFFF6AFF1FBE9194410C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nectarinia melanogastra G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Nectarinia melanogastra G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884b: 181.</p> <p>Now: Cinnyris melanogastrus (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884); but see Greenway et al. (1967: 266).</p> <p>Holotype (missing): ZMB 27394 [B 18646, Fischer no. 782], male, collected at Nguruman, [21.04.1883].</p> <p>Paratype (missing): ZMB 27395 [B 18646, Fischer no. 783], [juvenile male or female] collected at Nguruman, [21.04.1883]. Possible Paratype: AMNH 690932, male, collected at Nguruman, 04.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: Nguruman [near the base of the Nguruman Escarpment, Kajiado County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but one specimen and the locality Nguruman were given. Fischer (1884) listed two male specimens collected at the same locality and date for this species. One of them (no. 783) is a juvenile, and neither publication gives any information about the coloration of the specimen. Therefore, ZMB 27394 is regarded as the holotype for this species. ZMB 27395 was listed as a juvenile male in Fischer (1884), but as a female in the catalogue. However, as it was treated as Nectarinia melanogastra by Fischer (1884), the specimen is regarded as a paratype. A further specimen of N. melanogastra is housed in the AMNH (AMNH 690932). This specimen has a collector’s label very similar to those of Fischer found at the ZMB and ZMH, but not identical. The specimen may have been part of Fischer’s private collection (see Reichenow 1878b), and as with the Rothschild collection, it also reached the AMNH. As on the collector’s label the name N. melanogastra as well as the locality Nguruman and date “April 83” is mentioned, the specimen is regarded as a further (now the only available) paratype for this species although it is not mentioned in the published documentation (Fischer &amp; Reichenow 1884b; Fischer 1884) as well as in LeCroy (2010).</p> <p>Both ZMB 27394 and ZMB 27395 were inventoried at the ZMB in March 1884 and were mounted. In the catalogue it was noted that during the 1950s ZMB 27394 was missing, suggesting that it was destroyed during World War II along with many other mounts in the ornithological collection. The whereabouts of the paratype (ZMB 27395) is unknown, and it seems probable that it was also destroyed during World War II.</p> <p>On 21 April 1883, Fischer was approaching the foot of the Nguruman Escarpment (on his way to Naivasha) and was in Masailand at c. 2°05’S, 36°15’E.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20FFFF6AFF1FBE9194410C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20CFFF5AFF1FF611E17153A.text	03DC9465E20CFFF5AFF1FF611E17153A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cinnyris falkensteini G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Cinnyris Falkensteini G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 56.</p> <p>Now: Cinnyris venustus falkensteini G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a. See Greenway et al. (1967: 250).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 6904 [Fischer no. 852], male, skin, former mount, collected at “Naiwascha”, 10.06.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Naiwascha-See (Massai)” [Lake Naivasha, Nakuru County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Naiwascha-See (Massai)” were given. Fischer (1884) listed only one specimen for this species, and so ZMH 6904 is regarded as the holotype. It was also mentioned as the type in Bolau (1898). The species name honors the German collector Julius Falkenstein (1842–1917).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20CFFF5AFF1FF611E17153A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20CFFF5AFF1FD161E7B13A8.text	03DC9465E20CFFF5AFF1FD161E7B13A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Histurgops ruficauda Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Histurgops ruficauda Reichenow, 1887: 67.</p> <p>Now: Histurgops ruficauda Reichenow, 1887. See Amadon et al. (1962: 6).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 30733 (B 20123, Fischer no. 76), skin, male, collected in “Wembere Ebene”, 24.10.[18]85.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): Fischer no. 217, collected at “ Ruwana-Fluss (Ruwana River), 22.01.1886.</p> <p>Type locality: “Wembaere” [Wembere steppe, Singida Region, Tanzania] and “Ruwana-Fluss” [Ruwana River, Mara Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, but two specimens (nos. 76, 217), their localities “Wembaere” and “Ruwana-Fluss”, and dates were given, so the above-listed specimens are regarded as syntypes. However, all ZMB catalogues list just one specimen of this species collected by Fischer on his 1885–1886 expedition, ZMB 30733. The whereabouts of syntype Fischer no. 217 is unknown. The Ruwana River flows into Speke Gulf in the southeastern corner of Lake Victoria (near Bunda) at approximately 2° 07’S, 33°48’E (from Polhill 1988).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20CFFF5AFF1FD161E7B13A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20CFFF5AFF1FB1A19C611E3.text	03DC9465E20CFFF5AFF1FB1A19C611E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigrita dorsalis Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Nigrita dorsalis Reichenow, 1887: 71.</p> <p>Now: Pseudonigrita arnaudi dorsalis (Reichenow, 1887). See Amadon et al. (1962: 7).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 30705 (Fischer no. 75), skin, male, collected in “Wembaere”, 24.10.[1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Wembaere” [Wembere steppe, Singida Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the information that the species was collected in the “Wembaere Steppe” on 24 October were given. An additional locality “Speke am Nassa Golf ” (Speke Gulf) was mentioned in Fischer’s diaries. As no other known Fischer specimens of this species from the Wembere Steppe would have been available to Reichenow in the Berlin collection, ZMB 30705 is regarded as holotype.</p> <p>Fischer collected a number of specimens while crossing the Wembere floodplain in October 1885. His position on 24 October was approximately 4°30’S, 34°10’E.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20CFFF5AFF1FB1A19C611E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20CFFF4AFF1F8D4190D16C7.text	03DC9465E20CFFF4AFF1F8D4190D16C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigrita cabanisi G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Nigrita Cabanisi G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 54.</p> <p>Now: Pseudonigrita cabanisi (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a). See Amadon et al. (1962: 7).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27391 (B 18642, Fischer no. 973), skin, former mount, female, collected near the Pare Mountains, 28.07.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6877 (Fischer no. 690), skin, female, collected at the Pangani River near Pare, 01.03[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Ebene am Pare-Gebirge” [plains near South Pare Mts, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Ebene am Pare-Gebirge” (plains near the Pare Mountains) were given. As two specimens were listed in Fischer (1884), both (nos. 690 and 973) are regarded as syntypes. ZMH 6877 was mentioned as the type specimen for this species in Bolau (1898). Fischer collected no. 690 on the plains below the South Pare Mountains close to the upper Pangani River on 01 March 1883, while no. 973 was collected in roughly the same locality on his return journey on 31 July 1883 at approximately 3°40’S, 37°30’E.</p> <p>This species’ name honors the German ornithologist and curator of the ornithological collection at the ZMB, Jean Louis Cabanis (1816–1906).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20CFFF4AFF1F8D4190D16C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20DFFF4AFF1FBA41E23114D.text	03DC9465E20DFFF4AFF1FBA41E23114D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euplectes diadematus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1878	<div><p>Euplectes diadematus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1878 (in Reichenow 1878a): 88.</p> <p>Now: Euplectes diadematus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1878. See Amadon et al. (1962: 66).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 23367 (B 15054, Fischer no. 128), skin, former mount, male, collected at Malindi, 04.09.1877.</p> <p>Type locality: Malindi [Malindi, Kilifi County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality Malindi were given.As Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1878b) listed only one specimen (no. 128) for this species, ZMB 23367 is the holotype.</p> <p>Another Fischer specimen of this species from near Lamu, ZMB 2000.8155 (no. 556) is not included in the type series because of the different locality. Furthermore, there is a specimen of this species in the Heineanum collection MHH 4090 (skin, former mount, male, adult, Malindi) (Quaisser &amp; Nicolai 2006), but as there is no collecting date or the original collector’s label, and only one specimen was collected in 1877 (Reichenow 1878a), it is not regarded as belonging to the type series (contra Quaisser &amp; Nicolai 2006: 79). Fischer travelled alone along the Kenya coast (north at least to Malindi from June–December 1877), and again with the Denhardt brothers on their Tana River Expedition (May–December the following year 1878). Thus MHH 4090 may have been collected in 1878.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20DFFF4AFF1FBA41E23114D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20DFFF4AFF1FDB11FB61332.text	03DC9465E20DFFF4AFF1FDB11FB61332.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrenestes unicolor G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1878	<div><p>Pyrenestes unicolor G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1878 (in Reichenow 1878a): 88.</p> <p>Now: Amblyospiza albifrons unicolor (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1878). See Amadon et al. (1962: 31).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 23368 (B 15036, Fischer no. 59), skin, former mount, male, collected on “ Sansibar ”, 24.05.[18]77.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): (Fischer no. 38), male, collected at “Festland bei Mombas” (mainland near Mombas), [01.07.1877].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Mombas ” [Mombasa, Mombasa County, Kenya] and “Sansibar” [Zanzibar Island, Tanzania], from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the localities “Mombas” and “ Sansibar ” were given.As Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1878b) mentioned only two specimens for this species (nos. 38 and 59), both are regarded as syntypes. However, the whereabouts of no. 38 are unknown. An additional Fischer specimen of this species is in the Berlin collection (ZMB 25661), but it was collected on Zanzibar in 1880 and is therefore not a type.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20DFFF4AFF1FDB11FB61332	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E20DFFEBAFF1F93919371672.text	03DC9465E20DFFEBAFF1F93919371672.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euplectes Friederichseni G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Euplectes Friederichseni G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 54.</p> <p>Now: Euplectes gierowii friederichseni G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a. See Amadon et al. (1962: 66).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMH 6879 (Fischer no. 886), skin, former mount, male, collected at Nguruman, 24.06.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Nguruman (Massai)” [“ Nguruman Salzsteppe ” = area close to the base of the Nguruman Escarpment, Kajiado County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Nguruman (Massai)” were given. As Fischer (1884) listed only one specimen for this species (no. 886), ZMH 6879 is the holotype, and was mentioned as the type in Bolau (1898).</p> <p>Fischer collected this specimen on his return journey to the coast. He followed the river valley at the base of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.166668/lat -2.0833333)">Nguruman Escarpment</a> that drains into a swampy area north of Lake Natron. On 24 June 1883 he would have been at approximately 02°05’S, 34°10’E.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E20DFFEBAFF1F93919371672	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E212FFEBAFF1FE641F941097.text	03DC9465E212FFEBAFF1FE641F941097.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euplectes capensis subsp. litoris Neunzig 1928	<div><p>Euplectes capensis litoris Neunzig, 1928: 114.</p> <p>Now: Euplectes capensis crassirostris (Ogilvie-Grant, 1907). See Amadon et al. (1962: 69).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 47.116 (Stuhlmann no. 225), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Morogoro, 06.1894.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52014, skin, male, collected at Lindi, 04.1882.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52040 (Fischer no. 623), skin, male, collected at Pangani, 25.12.1882.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52007 (Stuhlmann no. 234), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Morogoro, 06.1894.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52049 (Stuhlmann no. 222), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Morogoro, 06.1894.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52024 (Stuhlmann no. 203), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at “ Daressalam ”, 29.04.1894.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52026 (Sjöstedt no. 14), skin, male, collected by Y. Sjöstedt at Tanga, 14.03.1906.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 34524, skin, male, collected by O. Neumann at Magila.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52021, skin, male, collected by K. Röhl at Mlalo, [1905].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52001 (Hofmann no. 464), skin, male, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni, 20.04.[1911–1912].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52033 (Münzner no. 68), skin, male, collected by M. Münzner at Morogoro, 27.12.1912.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52004 (Münzner no. 216), skin, male, collected by M. Münzner at “Sanji-Mahenge”, 27.06.1914.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52006 (Münzner no. 131), skin, male, collected by M. Münzner at “Sanji-Mahenge”, 02.06.1913.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52031 (Emin Pasha no. 3), skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at “Mssuai”, 03.05.1891.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52020 (Fromm no. 10), skin, male, collected by P. Fromm at “Kilawa”, 31.05.1908.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52039 (Fromm no. 1), skin, male, collected by P. Fromm at “Msingino-Kilawa”, 29.05.1908.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Morogoro.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Morogoro.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, female, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, female, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by K. Hofmann in “Ost-Uluguru”.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by K. Hofmann in “Ost-Uluguru”.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by K. Schnorrenpfeil at Lindi.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, juvenile, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani.</p> <p>Type locality: “Ostafrika: Küstengebiet von Tanga bis Mikindani” (East-Africa: coast region from Tanga [Tanga Region, Tanzania] to Mikindani [Mikindani, Mtwara Region, Tanzania]), from the original description, and ascertained as Morogoro [Morogoro Region, Tanzania] being the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description a male collected by Franz Stuhlmann at Morogoro in June 1894 (Stuhlmann no. 23) was chosen as “the type” (holotype), while thirty specimens were mentioned as type material (= 29 paratypes) at the ZMB in total. However, the collector’s number 23 of the holotype seems to be incorrect as Stuhlmann’s collector’s numbers in June 1894 were greater than 200, so it is not possible to identify the holotype with certainty. In 1947, ZMB 47.116 was determined as the holotype (from label and catalogue data), and we follow that 1947 decision. We consider that specimen to be the holotype rather than a lectotype, as Neunzig (1928) had already defined a holotype. The whereabouts of all the missing specimens are unknown. E. hordeaceus (Linnaeus) and E. nigroventris Cassin from Mikindani collected by Grote are in the collection as well as other E. hordeaceus, E. ardens Boddaert and E. nigroventris, but only one E. capensis (Linnaeus) from Magogoni collected by K. Hofmann. As there were so many in the collection, it may be that the missing specimens were used as exchange material.</p> <p>The Fischer specimens are possibly those listed in Fischer (1885a) as Orynx capensis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E212FFEBAFF1FE641F941097	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E213FFEAAFF1FC02184612A3.text	03DC9465E213FFEAAFF1FC02184612A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penthetria soror Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Penthetria soror Reichenow, 1887: 70.</p> <p>Now: Euplectes macroura macroura (J.F. Gmelin, 1789). See Amadon et al. (1962: 71).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 48.5 (Fischer no. 250), skin, male, collected at “Kawanga”, 15.03.[18]86.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Kawanga” [Mumias, Kakamega County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Kawanga” with the date 15 March were given. As no. 250 was the only P. soror Fischer collected at “Kawanga”, ZMB 48.5 is regarded as the holotype for this species. “Kawanga” (Wanga’s place) was a locality where travelers and expeditions engaged porters and took on supplies, now the town of Mumias in western Kenya (0°20’N, 34°29’E).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E213FFEAAFF1FC02184612A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E213FFE9AFF1FA171FB717E6.text	03DC9465E213FFE9AFF1FA171FB717E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sycobrotus reichenowi G. A. Fischer 1884	<div><p>Sycobrotus Reichenowi G.A. Fischer, 1884 (in Fischer &amp; Reichenow 1884b): 180.</p> <p>Now: Ploceus baglafecht reichenowi (G.A. Fischer, 1884). See Amadon et al. (1962: 35).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27392 (B 18644, Fischer no. 763), skin, former mount, female, collected at Sigirari, 02.04.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27393 (B 18644, Fischer no. 932), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Gross Aruscha”, 15.07.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 8377 (Fischer no. 840), skin, former mount, male, juvenile, collected at “Naiwascha”, [08.06.]1883.</p> <p>Type locality: “Gross-Aruscha” [Arusha, Arusha Region, Tanzania] and “Naiwascha-See” [Lake Naivasha, Nakuru County, Kenya], from the original description, but “Gross-Aruscha” [Arusha, Arusha Region, Tanzania], Sigirari [Sigirari, Arusha Region, Tanzania] and “Naiwascha-See” [Lake Naivasha, Nakuru County, Kenya] as localities of the three syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and no inventory numbers for specimens were provided, but measurements for one specimen, descriptions for both sexes, and the localities “Gross-Aruscha” and “Naiwascha-See” were given. Fischer (1884) listed three specimens for this species (nos. 932, 840, 763). All mentioned specimens are regarded as syntypes; ZMB 27392 with the vague locality Sigirari (not mentioned in the original description) is the only female, and a female is described in the original description. ZMH 8377 was mentioned as type specimen in Bolau (1898), but with an incorrect catalogue number (6377).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E213FFE9AFF1FA171FB717E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E213FFEAAFF1FF61188F149E.text	03DC9465E213FFEAAFF1FF61188F149E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urobrachya axillaris subsp. neumanni Neunzig 1928	<div><p>Urobrachya axillaris neumanni Neunzig, 1928: 118.</p> <p>Now: Euplectes axillaris phoeniceus (Heuglin, 1862). See Amadon et al. (1962: 70).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 34531, skin, male, collected by O. Neumann in Umbugwe (Mbulu Highlands), 12.11.1893.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52299 (Fischer no. 111), skin, male, collected at Magu, 12.11.[1885].</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52249 (Sjöstedt no. 324), skin, male, collected by Y. Sjöstedt at “ Kilimandscharo ”, 09.09.1905.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 34526, skin, male, collected by O. Neumann in Umbugwe (Mbulu Highlands), 11.11.1893.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 34528, skin, female, collected by O. Neumann in Umbugwe (Mbulu Highlands), 16.11.1893.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.52291, skin, male, collected by H.A. Conrads on Ukerewe Island, [1907].</p> <p>Paratype: ZSM 11.2783 skin, male, collected by W. Kattwinkel at Olgos (near Ikoma), 02.1911.</p> <p>Paratype: ZSM 11.2784 skin, male, collected by W. Kattwinkel at Olgos (near Ikoma), 02.1911.</p> <p>Paratype: ZSM 11.2785 skin, male, collected by W. Kattwinkel at Olgos (near Ikoma), 02.1911.</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, male, collected by O. Neumann in Umbugwe (Mbulu Highlands).</p> <p>Paratype (missing): skin, female, collected by Y. Sjöstedt at “ Kilimandjaro ”.</p> <p>Type locality: “Ostafrika: Landstriche östliche des Victoriasees bis zum Olgos und Kilimandscharo ” (East-Africa: region east of Lake Victoria to Olgos Hill and Kilimandscharo), from the original description, ascertained as Umbugwe [Umbugwe country (Mbulu Highlands), Manyara Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description a male collected by Oscar Neumann in Umbugwe with the inventory number ZMB 34531 was chosen as “the type” and eleven specimens from the Berlin and Munich collections were mentioned as type material (10 paratypes). Therefore ZMB 34531 is determined as the holotype and all other specimens of the given combination of locality and collector that were in the collections in Berlin and Munich in 1928 are paratypes. The missing Neumann specimen was not inventoried at the ZMB. The Fischer paratype was mentioned in Reichenow (1887) as Penthetria phoenicea (Heuglin).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E213FFEAAFF1FF61188F149E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E210FFE9AFF1FED01E801241.text	03DC9465E210FFE9AFF1FED01E801241.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ploceus fischeri Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Ploceus fischeri Reichenow, 1887: 69.</p> <p>Now: Ploceus melanocephalus dimidiatus Antinori &amp; Salvadori, 1873, but see Amadon et al. (1962: 49); White (1963: 139); Dickinson &amp; Christidis (2014: 288), who all prefer Ploceus melanocephalus fischeri Reichenow, 1887.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 47.101 (B 20147, Fischer no. 142), skin, male, collected at “Kagehi”, 20.11.[1885].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.55462 (B 20147, Fischer no. 135), skin, male, juvenile, collected at “Kagehi”, 18.11.[1885].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.55463 (B 20147, Fischer no. 195), skin, female, collected at “Kagehi”, 12.12.[1885], is considered parent of the clutch of 5 eggs with collector’s number 131 (ZMB 2000.61019 to ZMB 2000.61024).</p> <p>Syntype (missing): female, collected at “Kagehi”, [1885].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): juvenile, collected at “Kagehi”, [1885].</p> <p>Type locality: “Kagehi am Victoria-See” [Kayenzi, Mwanza Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but there were descriptions for both sexes, and measurements for more than one specimen (2 males, 2 females, 1 juvenile) from the locality “Kagehi” were given. Only three specimens were mentioned in the ZMB entry catalogue for P. fischeri (B 20147), while under B 20148 an additional three specimens of Ploceus dimidiatus were listed, and which were also mentioned as P. dimidiatus (nos. 132, 144, 152, 159, 160) by Reichenow (1887). Four of the latter were later identified as Ploceus jacksoni Shelley (ZMB 2000.55470, ZMB 2000.55471, AMNH SKIN 723537, AMNH SKIN 723538), but no. 132 is either missing or the label data is lost. Reichenow (1887) may have regarded P. jacksoni as P. dimidiatus and described the species P. dimidiatus as P. fischeri. Therefore, ZMB 47.101, ZMB 2000.55462 and ZMB 55.463 are regarded as syntypes for Ploceus fischeri. The whereabouts of the missing specimens are unknown, as they are not registered in the ZMB, ZMH and AMNH collections. In addition P. fischeri may be best considered subspecifically distinct due to it being well separated from P. dimidiatus of northern Sudan and Eritrea by an area occupied by P. taeniopterus Reichenbach, HGL (Gill et al. 2023). Reichenow (1887) also mentioned that the specimen described by Pelzeln (1881: 149) as P. affinis Heuglin was possibly a female of Ploceus fischeri, but as this appears in doubt we do not include the Pelzeln specimen in the type list.</p> <p>In addition, there are 14 eggs attributed to Ploceus fischeri. Two clutches probably came directly with Fischer’s collection (clutch 1: 3 eggs, ZMB 2000.61016 – ZMB 2000.61018; clutch 2: 5 eggs with no. 131, ZMB 2000.61019 – ZMB 2000.61024). Additionally, five eggs of that species collected by Fischer arrived at the ZMB in 1916 with the egg collection of Adolph Nehrkorn (ZMB 2000.61652 – ZMB 2000.61656), two of which also bear Fischer’s no. 131. “Kagehi” was very close to present-day Mwanza on the southern shore of Lake <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.3833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.05/lat -2.3833332)">Victoria</a> (2°23’S, 33°03’E).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E210FFE9AFF1FED01E801241	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E210FFE9AFF1FA351F3910D6.text	03DC9465E210FFE9AFF1FA351F3910D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symplectes stictifrons G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1885	<div><p>Symplectes stictifrons G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1885 (in Reichenow 1885): 373.</p> <p>Now: Ploceus bicolor stictifrons (G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1885). See Amadon et al. (1962: 55).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 30723 (B 19013, Fischer no. 590), skin, former mount, collected at Lindi, 04.[18]82.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.32541 (B 19013), skin, juvenile, collected at Lindi, 04.[18]82.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.32542 (B 19013), skin, juvenile, collected at Lindi, 04.[18]82.</p> <p>Type locality: Lindi [Lindi, Lindi Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: Reichenow (1885) included a description for Symplectes stictifrons but mentioned that it was described by Fischer and Reichenow. In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, and only the locality Lindi was given. As there are three 1882 Lindi specimens of this species at the ZMB that were probably collected for Fischer (see Fischer 1885a), they are all regarded as syntypes. In Fischer (1885a) they were listed under the name Sycobrotus bicolor. The entry catalogue however refers to only two specimens, which may be an error, or that one of the juveniles was originally not included in the collection. USNM 105550 is not a type specimen as it was not collected at Lindi.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E210FFE9AFF1FA351F3910D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E211FFE8AFF1FC9318081111.text	03DC9465E211FFE8AFF1FC9318081111.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyphantica aethiopica var. intermedia Reichenow 1886	<div><p>Hyphantica aethiopica var. intermedia Reichenow, 1886a: 393.</p> <p>Now: Quelea quelea aethiopica Sundeval 1850. See Amadon et al. (1962: 62).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 23472 (B 14921), skin, male, collected by J.M. Hildebrandt from Taita, 02.1877.</p> <p>Type locality: “Barawa” [Baraawe, Lower Shabeelle Region, Somalia], Duruma [Duruma country, Kwale County, Kenya], “Ndi in Taita ” [Ndi, Taita-Taveta County, Kenya], also “Gonda” and “Mdaburu” from the original description as well as localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but it was mentioned that this form was described based on the collections of Hildebrandt and Fischer from East Africa. Furthermore, it was also mentioned that the species was known from the following localities: “Barawa” (Fischer), Duruma and “Ndi in Taita ” (Hildebrandt), and “Gonda” and “Mdaburu” (Böhm). The ZMB has 13 Quelea quelea aethiopica from the collectors Böhm, Fischer and Hildebrandt that were in the collection before the original description was published, but with only seven of the listed localities. As Reichenow mentioned that he had examined 12 individuals, only ten were of the newly described form. The described variation occurs at the same localities as the “normal” Quelea quelea aethiopica, while the important determining character is seen only in adult males, making it impossible to accurately determine the types. The above listed syntype is marked as a type specimen on the historical label, while additional syntypes could be any of the following: ZMB 23473, ZMB 23474, ZMB 2000.50696, ZMB 2000.50699, ZMB 2000.50712, ZMB 2000.50722, ZMB 2000.50728, ZMB 2000.50735, ZMB 2000.50738, ZMB 2000.50759, ZMB 2000.50737.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E211FFE8AFF1FC9318081111	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E211FFEFAFF1F94619941503.text	03DC9465E211FFEFAFF1F94619941503.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pytilia melba subsp. grotei Reichenow 1919	<div><p>Pytilia melba grotei Reichenow, 1919: 227.</p> <p>Now: Pytilia melba grotei Reichenow, 1919. See Blake et al. (1968: 314).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.20327 (Fischer no. 567), skin, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.20329 (Fischer no. 566), skin, female, collected in “Usegua”, 02.1882.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 31980 (Stuhlmann no. 415), skin, male, collected by F. Stuhlmann at “Kionga”, 02.1895.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 63.6, skin, male, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani, 22.04.1909.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 66.703, skin, female, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani, 02.1910.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.20326, skin, male, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani, 16.03.1909.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.20328, skin, male, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani, 02.1910.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.20331, skin, male, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani, 25.06.1909.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.20332, skin, female, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani, 24.04.1910.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.20333, skin, collected by H. Grote at Mikindani, 06.06.1910.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Küstengebiet Deutsch-Ostafrikas” (= coastal regions of Tanzania from Tanga Region to Mozambique), from the original description and “Kionga” [Quionga Bay, Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique], Mikindani [Mikindani, Mtwara Region, Tanzania] and “Usegua” [Useguha country, Tanga Region, Tanzania], the localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided; only the localities “Kionga”, Mikindani and Useguha were given. Therefore all listed specimens are regarded as syntypes. ZMB 2000.20327 and ZMB 2000.20329 were later also included in the type series for Pytelia melba useguhae Neunzig, 1928 (see below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E211FFEFAFF1F94619941503	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E216FFEFAFF1FD811BAC1201.text	03DC9465E216FFEFAFF1FD811BAC1201.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pytelia melba subsp. useguhae Neunzig 1928	<div><p>Pytelia melba useguhae Neunzig, 1928: 109.</p> <p>Now: Pytilia melba grotei Reichenow, 1919. See Blake et al. (1968: 315).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 2000.20327 (Fischer no. 567), skin, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.1882.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.20329 (Fischer no. 566), skin, female, collected in “Usegua”, 02.1882.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.20330, skin, male, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni, 15.08.1911.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.20334, skin, female, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni, 12.04.1911 –1912.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.20335, skin, male, collected by K. Hofmann at Magogoni, 12.04.1911 –1912.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.20337, skin, female, collected by K. Hofmann at “Morogoro-Kiroka”.</p> <p>Paratype: ZMB 2000.20336, skin, female, collected by K. Hofmann at “Bismarckburg”.</p> <p>Paratype (missing, ZMH): skin, male, juvenile, collected by F. Stuhlmann at Mbusini, Usegua.</p> <p>Type locality: Useguha and “Landstriche am Rufu” (Useguha and “area along the Ruvu River ”), from the original description ascertained as Useguha [Useguha country, Wazigwa country, Tanga Region, Tanzania], the locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description a male collected by Fischer in Usegua was chosen as the “Typus” (holotype), and another seven specimens were mentioned as additional material (paratypes) in the Berlin and Hamburg collections. Therefore ZMB 2000.20327 is designated as the holotype, while all other specimens in the ZMH and ZMB collections in 1928 are listed as paratypes. The whereabouts of the missing specimen are unknown. No specimens could be traced in Hamburg, and the missing ZMH specimen were probably destroyed in World War II.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E216FFEFAFF1FD811BAC1201	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E216FFEFAFF1FA8E1AAC1000.text	03DC9465E216FFEFAFF1FA8E1AAC1000.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Uraeginthus ianthinogaster Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Uraeginthus ianthinogaster Reichenow, 1879b: 114.</p> <p>Now: Granatina ianthinogaster (Reichenow, 1879). See Blake et al. (1968: 335).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24257 (B 15708, Fischer no. 378), skin, male, collected at “Massa”, 03.11.[1878].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 24258 (B 15708, Fischer no. 377), skin, female, collected at “Massa”, 03.11.[1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Massa” [Masabubu, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements and descriptions for both sexes (Figure 1c), and the locality “Massa” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) listed two (nos. 377, 378) for this species. As these two specimens are the only ones of this species collected by Fischer found in the Berlin and Hamburg collections, and the locality is correct, both are regarded as syntypes.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E216FFEFAFF1FA8E1AAC1000	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E216FFEEAFF1F88C1AC516BA.text	03DC9465E216FFEEAFF1F88C1AC516BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pitylia caniceps Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Pitylia caniceps Reichenow, 1879c: 139.</p> <p>Now: Odontospiza griseicapilla (Delacour, 1943). See Blake et al. (1968: 335).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24263 (B 15712, Fischer no. 385), skin, male, collected at “Massa”, 05.11.[1878].</p> <p>Type locality: “ Massa” [Masabubu, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Massa” were given. The given measurements are identical to those listed in Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879) for no. 385, so ZMB 24263 is the holotype for this species. The correct name is Odontospiza griseicapilla Delacour, 1943, as the original species name caniceps was preoccupied by Munia caniceps (Blake et al. 1968).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E216FFEEAFF1F88C1AC516BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E217FFEEAFF1FB421FF61021.text	03DC9465E217FFEEAFF1FB421FF61021.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Linura fischeri Reichenow 1882	<div><p>Linura Fischeri Reichenow, 1882: 91.</p> <p>Now: Vidua fischeri (Reichenow, 1882). See Blake et al. (1968: 394).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 26639 (B 18056), skin, former mount, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 26640 (B 18056, Fischer no. 563), skin, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.32617, skin, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82.</p> <p>Syntype: MHH 4054 (Fischer no. 564), mount, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82, ex. coll. F. Heine.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Usegua (Ostafrika)” [Useguha country, Tanga Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Usegua” were given. As only the male was described, females are not included in the type series (e.g. ZMB 26641). Therefore ZMB 26639, ZMB 26640, ZMB 2000.32617 and MHH 4054 (Quaisser &amp; Nicolai 2006) (all collected for Fischer) are regarded as syntypes. Fischer (1885a) listed “Usegua” (“unweit Kipumbui”) and Matióm as localities, but Matióm is far from Useguha country, so the Matióm specimens have no type status. “Kipumbui” (Kipumbwi) however lies to the southwest of Pangani (05°38’S, 38°53’E) in what was known as Useguha country. The locality is close to the coast and would be surprising, as Vidua fischeri is typically a species of arid and semi-arid country. Therefore “unweit (close to) Kipumbui” could mean inland from Kipumbui.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E217FFEEAFF1FB421FF61021	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E217FFEEAFF1FDE119551328.text	03DC9465E217FFEEAFF1FDE119551328.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vidua splendens Reichenow 1879	<div><p>Vidua splendens Reichenow, 1879b: 114.</p> <p>Now: Vidua hypocherina J.P. Verreaux &amp; J.B.É. Verreaux, 1856. See Reichenow (1904b: 216); Jackson &amp; Sclater (1938: 1528).</p> <p>Holotype: ZMB 24264 (B 15713, Fischer no. 396), mount, male, collected at Kibaradja, 12.11.1878.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Kibaradja (Ostafrika)” [Kibaradja, Tana River County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Kibaradja (Ostafrika)” were given. Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879: 352) listed one specimen (no. 396). As there is only one Fischer specimen from that locality and the collector’s number matches that in Fischer &amp; Reichenow (1879), ZMB 24264 is regarded as the holotype for this species. The specimen was mounted and inventoried in October 1879, after publication of the description (August 1879). Other Berlin Fischer specimens (ZMB 26641, ZMB 2000.32539, ZMB 2000.32540) were collected later, at other localities, so have no type status.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E217FFEEAFF1FDE119551328	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E217FFEDAFF1F8AF1A8E1261.text	03DC9465E217FFEDAFF1F8AF1A8E1261.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypochera ultramarina var. orientalis Reichenow 1894	<div><p>Hypochera ultramarina var. orientalis. Reichenow, 1894: 188.</p> <p>Now: Vidua chalybeata centralis (Statius Müller, 1776). See Blake et al. (1968: 392).</p> <p>Lectotype (herein designated, see below for explanation): ZMB 2000.38775 (Fischer no. 158), skin, male, collected at “Kagehi”, 24.11.[1885].</p> <p>Paralectotype: ZMB 30115, skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha &amp; F. Stuhlmann at Bukoba, 13.04.[18]92.</p> <p>Paralectotype: ZMB 30141, skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha &amp; F. Stuhlmann at Bukoba, 07.04.[18]92.</p> <p>Excluded Paralectotype (Vidua funerea nigerrima): ZMB 2000.38796, skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at Bukoba, 30.11.[18]90.</p> <p>Excluded Paralectotype (Vidua funerea nigerrima): ZMB 2000.38797 (B 19569, Böhm no. 1138), skin, male, collected by R. Böhm at Karema, 04.03.[1883].</p> <p>Excluded Paralectotype (Vidua funerea nigerrima): ZMB 2000.38798 (Böhm no. 1174), skin, male, collected by R. Böhm at Karema, 04.[1883].</p> <p>Type locality: “Paregebirge” [South Pare Mts, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania], Arusha [Arusha, Arusha Region, Tanzania], Nguruman [Nguruman Escarpment, Kajiado County, Kenya], Karéma [Karema, Katavi Region, Tanzania], Kagéyi [Kayenzi, Mwanza Region, Tanzania], Bukóba [Bukoba, Kagera Region, Tanzania], from the original description, while “Kagehi” [Kayenzi, Mwanza Region, Tanzania] is given in the lectotype designation (below).</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but several localities were listed as the distribution of this subspecies. Since 1894 the ZMB has held three Vidua chalybeata centralis from the listed localities, so these are included in the type series. Reichenow (1894) also listed the locality Karema for Hypochera purpurascens Reichenow. Reichenow (1904b) gave Hypochera amauropteryx Sharpe as a synonym for Hypochera ultramarina var. orientalis but only the localities Arusha, Nguruman, Pare and “Kagehi” of Fischer. Those from Karema (IV, Böhm) and Bukoba (IV, XI, Stuhlmann) were determined to be Hypochera funerea de Tarragon and Karema (III, Böhm) as Vidua serena (Linnaeus) (Reichenow 1904b). Thus it cannot be determined without doubt which individuals from Bukoba and Karema were used to describe Hypochera ultramarina var. orientalis. ZMB 2000.38796, ZMB 2000.38797 and ZMB 2000.38798 were collected at Bukoba and Karema but are now considered to be Vidua funerea nigerrima Sharpe and are therefore not included in (or excluded from) the type series, even though ZMB 2000.38796 has an historical label indicating it is a type specimen of Hypochera ultramarina var. orientalis. Fischer (1884) listed for Hypochaera nitens var. ultramarina (Gmelin) the localities Pare, Arusha and Nguruman, but without specimen numbers. Therefore, it is possible that they were observations rather than collected specimens from these localities.</p> <p>Due to the confusion concerning assignment to the type series, and the fact that the specimens are not satisfactorily identifiable without further information concerning coloration of bill and legs, we designate ZMB 2000.38775 as a lectotype. This specimen is the only one Reichenow included in different publications (Reichenow 1894, 1904b) relating to this taxon, and is the only Vidua from Kagehi in the ZMB collection. The specimen is deep black lacking gloss (bill brownish-white, feet pale orange, iris brown, wing length 64 mm, tail length 46 mm).</p> <p>The name Hypochera ultramarina var. orientalis Reichenow, 1894 is preoccupied by Vidua paradisea orientalis Heuglin (ICZN 1999).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E217FFEDAFF1F8AF1A8E1261	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E214FFECAFF1FA551E8017CA.text	03DC9465E214FFECAFF1FA551E8017CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypochera purpurascens Reichenow 1883	<div><p>Hypochera purpurascens Reichenow, 1883: 221.</p> <p>Now: Vidua purpurascens (Reichenow, 1883); but see Blake et al. (1968: 393).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 30709, skin, former mount, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.32618, skin, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.32790 (Fischer no. 568), skin, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82.</p> <p>Type locality: “Usegua” [Useguha country, Tanga Region, Tanzania] and Lindi [Lindi, Lindi Region, Tanzania], from the original description, and ascertained as “Usegua” [Useguha country, Tanga Region, Tanzania], the locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the localities “Usegua” and Lindi were given.As there is a description only for the male, the female of this series (ZMB 2000.32619) is excluded from the type series. These specimens were obtained for Fischer, but apparently were not inventoried when they arrived in Berlin. The whereabouts of possible specimens collected at Lindi (also mentioned in Fischer 1885a) are unknown, and the possibility that they were only observations cannot be discounted. Therefore, ZMB 30709, ZMB 2000.32618 and ZMB 2000.32790 are designated here as syntypes and the type locality is determined as “Usegua” [Useguha country, Tanga Region, Tanzania]. However, Vidua purpurascens is a bird of low rainfall areas and parasitizes Lagonosticta rhodopareia (Heuglin), itself a bird of semiarid bush country. “Usegua” is not a known locality for this species, and as the provenance of these specimens is largely unknown, there remains much uncertainty concerning both the type locality and true identity of all specimens.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E214FFECAFF1FA551E8017CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E215FFECAFF1FE651A201393.text	03DC9465E215FFECAFF1FE651A201393.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Passer rufocinctus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884	<div><p>Passer rufocinctus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a: 55.</p> <p>Now: Passer rufocinctus G.A. Fischer &amp; Reichenow, 1884a; but see Amadon et al. (1962: 15).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27388 (B 18630, Fischer no. 854), mount, male, collected at “Naiwascha”, 11.06.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): ZMB 27389 (B 18630, Fischer no. 811), mount, male, juvenile, collected at “Naiwascha See ”, [20.]05.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): ZMB 27390 (B 18630, Fischer no. 855), mount, female, collected at “Naiwascha See ”, [11.]06.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6876 I (Fischer no. 812), skin, male, collected at “Naiwascha”, 20.05.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMH 6876 II (Fischer no. 813), skin, female, collected at “Naiwascha”, 21.05.[18]83.</p> <p>Type locality: “ Naiwascha-See (Massai)” [Lake Naivasha, Nakuru County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Naiwascha-See (Massai)” were given. Fischer (1884) listed three specimens (nos. 811, 854 and 855), so all mentioned specimens in Berlin are regarded as syntypes. The two specimens from the ZMH are also included in the type series as they were collected at the same time from the type locality, and the field label gives the name Passer rufocinctus. The whereabouts of the missing specimens in Berlin are unknown; they may have been destroyed during World War II. The field numbers show that the specimens in Hamburg are not the missing Berlin specimens. A further specimen in Berlin (ZMB 2000.32547) was collected in 1885 and therefore cannot be a type. Two specimens (ZMH 6876 (I and II)) were mentioned as types in Bolau (1898). This species is abundant in Naivasha District, so it is not surprising that Fischer collected a number of specimens. However, the exact locality cannot be determined as he collected in so many different locations in the Naivasha area.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E215FFECAFF1FE651A201393	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E21AFFE3AFF1FBDF1F461195.text	03DC9465E21AFFE3AFF1FBDF1F461195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crithagra dorsostriata Reichenow 1887	<div><p>Crithagra dorsostriata Reichenow, 1887: 72.</p> <p>Now: Crithagra dorsostriata Reichenow, 1887. See White (1963: 109), but see Blake et al. (1968: 221).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.32536 (Fischer no. 153), skin, male, collected at “Kagehi (Massailand)”, [23.11.1885] (male to ZMB 2000.32537).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.32537 (Fischer no. 184), skin, female, collected at “Kagehi (Massailand)”, [04.12.1885].</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.32538 (Fischer no. 84), skin, male, juvenile, collected in “Wembaere”, [26.10.1885].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected in “Niansa” [Lake Victoria, Kenya / Tanzania], [15.11.1885].</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected at Schasche, [25.01.1886].</p> <p>Type locality: “Kagehi”, “Wembaere”, “Niansa” and Schasche, the localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for more than one individual were given, and different localities and dates for five collected specimens were listed, so all five are regarded as syntypes. The whereabouts of specimens from “Niansa” (Lake Victoria) and (Mt.) Schasche are unknown. All specimens of this species in the ZMB collection have Fischer’s original labels with the determination “ Crithagra ”, to which Reichenow evidently added “ dorsostriata ”. Sclater (1930: 815) mentioned for Crithagra dorsostriata Reichenow, 1887 “type in Berlin museum, Wembere”. However, this was not accepted as valid designation of a lectotype in the sense of ICZN (1999), as it was unclear that the specimen had been chosen from the series as given in the original description.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E21AFFE3AFF1FBDF1F461195	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E21AFFE3AFF1FF291BEB14A3.text	03DC9465E21AFFE3AFF1FF291BEB14A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macronyx aurantiigula Reichenow 1891	<div><p>Macronyx aurantiigula Reichenow, 1891a: 222.</p> <p>Now: Macronyx aurantiigula Reichenow, 1891a. See Mayr &amp; Greenway (1960: 143).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 49.240 (Fischer no. 651), skin, collected at Maurui [Maurui, Tanga Region, Tanzania], 18.01.[18]83.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): Fischer no. 964, juvenile male, “Ebene unweit des Maeru-Berges”, 22.07.[1883].</p> <p>Possible Syntype: RMNH. AVES.258114, skin, male, collected at Pangani River, arrived from Berlin in 1892.</p> <p>Type locality: “Hab. Africa orientalis ad flumen Pangani” [northeast Tanzania close to the Pangani River] [Tanga Region, Tanzania], from the original description and localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for more than one specimen and the locality “Ost-Afrika bis zum Pangani Fluss” were given. Fischer (1884) listed nos. 651 and 964 as Macronyx croceus (Vieillot). In the original description Reichenow (1891) mentioned that M. aurantiigula is similar to M. croceus. Therefore, Fischer nos. 651 and 964 are regarded as syntypes. In addition, RMNH. AVES.258114 was given as syntype for this species in Dekker (2003), but it cannot be no. 964 which is not a juvenile (Dekker, pers. comm.). Therefore it is uncertain whether RMNH. AVES.258114 is a further syntype, as detailed collecting information is missing. Three further Fischer specimens of this species in the Berlin collection (ZMB 2000.11019, ZMB 2000.11020, ZMB 2000.11021) have merely “ Tanzania ” as the collecting locality and no date, so are not regarded as types. Reichenow (1904b) also listed for Macronyx aurantiigula material of Fischer from Maurui (January) and “Meruberg” [Mount Meru] (July), the latter information refers to the missing syntype.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E21AFFE3AFF1FF291BEB14A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E21AFFE2AFF1F90E19D814F6.text	03DC9465E21AFFE2AFF1F90E19D814F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinus citrinelloides subsp. kikuyensis Neumann. Any 1905	<div><p>Spinus citrinelloides kikuyensis Neumann, 1905b: 356.</p> <p>Now: Crithagra citrinelloides kikuyensis (Neumann, 1905). See Blake et al. (1968: 212).</p> <p>Lectotype: AMNH SKIN 710620, skin, male, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains.</p> <p>Paralectotype: AMNH SKIN 710613, skin, male, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains, 10.1900.</p> <p>Paralectotype: AMNH SKIN 710614, skin, male, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains, 11.1900.</p> <p>Paralectotype: AMNH SKIN 710615, skin, male, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains, 11.1900.</p> <p>Paralectotype: AMNH SKIN 710616, skin, male, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains, 12.1900.</p> <p>Paralectotype: AMNH SKIN 710617, skin, male, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains, 01.1901.</p> <p>Paralectotype: AMNH SKIN 710618, skin, male, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains, 01.1901.</p> <p>Paralectotype: AMNH SKIN 710619, skin, male, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains, 03.1901.</p> <p>Paralectotype: AMNH SKIN 710621, skin, male, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains.</p> <p>Paralectotype: AMNH SKIN 710622, skin, female, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains, 11.1900.</p> <p>Paralectotype: AMNH SKIN 710623, skin, female, collected by W. Doherty in the Kikuyu Mountains, 03.1901.</p> <p>Paralectotype: ZMB 27513 (B 18633, Fischer no. 864), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Naiwascha-See” (Lake Naivasha), 12.06.1883.</p> <p>Type locality: Kikuyu mountains [Kikuyu Mts, Kiambu County, Kenya] and “Naiwascha-See” [Lake Naivasha, Nakuru Country, Kenya], from the original description, ascertained as the Kikuyu Mountains [Kikuyu Mts, Kiambu County, Kenya] the locality of the lectotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for the specimens listed, but six specimens from the Kikuyu Mountains collected by W. Doherty as well as one collected by G.A. Fischer at “Naiwascha-See” (Lake Naivasha) were mentioned and descriptions for males and females were given. LeCroy (2013) designated AMNH 710620 as lectotype and all the other above-mentioned specimens at the AMNH as paralectotypes. She mentions that Neumann (1905b) further included a Fischer specimen, and Kenya specimens collected by Lord Delamere which are here included in the list of paralectotypes. The AMNH specimens belonged to the Rothschild Collection, which were at Tring prior to being sold to the AMNH in the 1930s. The whereabouts of the paralectotypes collected by Lord Delamere are unknown. ZMB 27513, paralectotype in the taxon kikuyensis Neumann, was inventoried as Citrinella melanops Heuglin, also listed as a syntype for Spinus citrinelloides frontalis Reichenow, and was also mentioned in Reichenow (1904b: 275) as S. c. frontalis. Fischer was leaving the Naivasha area and was well to the south of the lake, between Hell’s Gate Gorge and Mount Suswa, on 12 June 1883. Any citril near Naivasha would be kikuyuensis not frontalis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E21AFFE2AFF1F90E19D814F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E21BFFE2AFF1FBE11AA2100E.text	03DC9465E21BFFE2AFF1FBE11AA2100E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinus citrinelloides subsp. hypostictus Reichenow 1904	<div><p>Spinus citrinelloides hypostictus Reichenow, 1904b: 275.</p> <p>Now: Crithagra hyposticta hyposticta (Reichenow, 1904); but see Blake et al. (1968: 213).</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 27514 (B 18633, Fischer no. 950), skin, former mount, female, juvenile, collected at “Gross Aruscha”, 18.07.1883.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 47.46, skin, male, collected by K. Kittenberger at “ Moshi (Kilimandjaro)”, 24.06.1903.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.40318, skin, collected by W.L.H. von der Marwitz at “Ngomingi”, 17.08.1899.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.40302, skin, collected by F. Fülleborn at Tembo, 09.07.1898.</p> <p>Syntype: ZMB 2000.40831, skin, collected by F. Fülleborn at “Rupira”, 21.09.1899.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected by Hunt and Johnston in the “ Kilimandjaro ” region.</p> <p>Syntype (missing): collected by A. Sharpe and A. Whyte at “Somba” [06].</p> <p>Type locality: “Ostafrika vom Kilimandscharo bis zum Niassagebiet” (East Africa from Kilimanjaro Region to Niassa), from the original description and localities of the syntypes.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but both sexes were described, more than one specimen was measured, and the examined specimens were mentioned by their collecting data (locality, month, collector). Therefore the above-listed specimens are regarded as syntypes. The whereabouts of the specimens from the further listed localities are unknown [“ Kilimandscharo ” (Hunt, Johnston), “Somba” (Sharpe, Whyte)]; we found no traces of them in BMNH and AMNH.</p> <p>ZMB 27514 was inventoried as Citrinella melanops. Fischer spent several days (10–22 July 1883) in the Arusha area, mainly around Mount Meru (now Arusha National Park). Sclater (1930: 826) gave for Spinus citrinelloides hypostictus Reichenow “type in Berlin from Moshi, Kilimanjaro ”. However, this was not accepted as valid designation of a lectotype (ICZN 1999) as it was unclear that the specimen had been chosen from the series as given in the original description.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E21BFFE2AFF1FBE11AA2100E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
03DC9465E218FFE1AFF1FF611BF5138A.text	03DC9465E218FFE1AFF1FF611BF5138A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinus citrinelloides subsp. frontalis Reichenow 1904	<div><p>Spinus citrinelloides frontalis Reichenow, 1904b: 275.</p> <p>Now: Crithagra frontalis (Reichenow, 1904); but see Blake et al. (1968: 213).</p> <p>Lectotype (herein designated, see below for explanation): ZMB 47.47, skin, male, collected by R. Kandt at “Kiwusee”, [1899– 1902].</p> <p>Paralectotype: ZMB 29213, skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at Bukoba, 18.01.1891.</p> <p>Paralectotype: ZMB 30118, skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at Kandanda, “Butumbi”, 26.04.1891.</p> <p>Paralectotype: ZMB 30121, skin, male, juvenile, collected by Emin Pasha at “Karevia”, 13.06.1891.</p> <p>Paralectotype: ZMB 30159, skin, male, collected by Emin Pasha at Kafuro, 24.02.1891.</p> <p>Excluded Paralectotype: ZMB 27513 (B 18633, Fischer no. 864), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Naiwascha-See” (Lake Naivasha), 12.06.1883.</p> <p>Type locality: “Ostafrika, Gebiet des Victoria Niansa” (East Africa, region at Lake Victoria): Bukoba, “Butumbi”, Kafuro, “Karevia”, Nandi, Chiriko, “Kenia”, “Kiwusee”, from the original description, here ascertained as “Kiwusee” [Lake Kivu, Democratic Republic Congo/Rwanda], the locality of the lectotype.</p> <p>Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but both sexes were described and the examined specimens were mentioned by their collecting data (locality, month, collector). Therefore, the above-listed specimens are all regarded as belonging to the type series. ZMB 27513 was inventoried as Citrinella melanops and mentioned in Reichenow (1904b: 275) as Spinus citrinelloides frontalis and is also listed as a syntype for Spinus citrinelloides kikuyensis Neumann.Any citril near Naivasha would be kikuyuensis not frontalis, which is easily confused with frontalis. Therefore we designate here ZMB 47.47 as lectotype for Spinus citrinelloides frontalis Reichenow and exclude ZMB 27513 from the type series. ZMB 47.47 shows the yellow-brown characteristic coloration on the head of that species. With this lectotype designation we follow an earlier decision documented on the label but which lacked any further information, as we ascertain the type locality as Lake Kivu, the locality of the lectotype. Sclater (1930: 826) indicated for Spinus citrinelloides frontalis Reichenow “type in Berlin from Lake Kivu”. This is not a valid designation of a lectotype (ICZN 1999) as it was not clear that the specimen had been chosen from the series as given in the original description. The whereabouts of the specimens of the additional listed localities (Nandi, Chiriko, “ Kenia ”) are unknown; we found no trace of them at BMNH and AMNH.</p> <p>On 12 Jun 1883, Fischer was well to the south of Lake Naivasha, between Hell’s Gate Gorge and Mount Suswa.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E218FFE1AFF1FF611BF5138A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Turner, Donald A.;Bracker, Cordula	Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A., Bracker, Cordula (2023): Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa. Zootaxa 5334 (1): 1-84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1
