identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8745346E20CF5B0A9A3226B43975ED37.text	8745346E20CF5B0A9A3226B43975ED37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centrolene buckleyi complex	<div><p>Centrolene buckleyi complex</p><p>Figure 12</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was recorded in riparian vegetation through previous observations in nearby localities, by auditory and a recent voucher specimen record (DHMECN 16217) in montane forests of the Naturetrek-Vizcaya Reserve from 2270 to 3000 m elevation. According to a photograph, the specimen may be associated with the  C. buckleyi species group ( Yánez et al. 2010). Previous analyses of the  group’s phylogenetic relationships show a high cryptic diversity in the species complex (Amador et al. 2018). Therefore, this could correspond to a potentially new species, though additional collections and phylogenetic analysis of these populations is necessary to determine its status. Centrolenid frogs are generally known to live on clean water streams, its presence on Naturetrek-Vizcaya reflecting good ecological conditions and no water pollution in the zone.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8745346E20CF5B0A9A3226B43975ED37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
CBABD27E50BF57F5BCB5C47F42D5732F.text	CBABD27E50BF57F5BCB5C47F42D5732F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gastrotheca sp.	<div><p>Gastrotheca sp.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The marsupial frogs of the genus  Gastrotheca were recorded by audio records, but were difficult to capture, in the cliffs and southern montane forests of the Naturetrek-Vizcaya Reserve at 2270 m elevation. The auditory records analysed are similar to those issued by  Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler, 1913) which has been recorded a few kilometres from Naturetrek-Vizacaya Reserve in the locality of El Triunfo (Ortiz and Morales 2000), confirming the record would broaden the distribution range of the species.  G. testudinea ( Jiménez de la Espada, 1871) has been recorded near this locality in agriculture and forest lands, so there is a possibility that both species are present in the area.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CBABD27E50BF57F5BCB5C47F42D5732F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
ED2697FA37665FB6B01A58E0F7976562.text	ED2697FA37665FB6B01A58E0F7976562.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyloscirtus larynopygion species group	<div><p>Hyloscirtus sp. larynopygion species group</p><p>Figure 13</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We recorded a female specimen (DHMECN 14416) with a body size of 73.71 mm and a male (DHMECN 14549) with a body size of 54.28 mm, collected in bromeliad leaves between 40 and 60 cm from the ground, in montane forest of the Machay Reserve at 3020 m elevation. They correspond to a candidate new species of the genus  Hyloscirtus in the  H. larynopigion species group. The distinctive dark brown body with scattered bright red dorsal and ventral spots in the female (DHMECN 14416) and the irregular mustard-brown dorsal marks and black flanks in the male (DHMECN 14549), differentiate it from any other congeneric species in the eastern Andean slopes of Ecuador. The analysed material fills a gap in the distribution of the genus  Hyloscirtus, specifically of the  H. larynopigion species group, within the south-central area of the eastern Ecuadorian Andes. This finding represents the first record of a member of the  Hyloscirtus larynopigion species group in Tungurahua Province. The species presents a marked sexual dimorphism between males and females as mentioned before. A formal description of this new species is currently under preparation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED2697FA37665FB6B01A58E0F7976562	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
3389421FDE695326AB98FD36DE2E5CDD.text	3389421FDE695326AB98FD36DE2E5CDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niceforonia sp.	<div><p>Niceforonia sp.</p><p>Figure 14</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>These records correspond to a candidate new species; this is a new terrestrial frog very different from the  Niceforonia elassodisca expected to be found in the region. Two female specimens (DHMECN 14417-14418) with body sizes of 16.36 mm to 16.95 mm, one male individual (DHMECN 14419) with body size of 19.15 mm and one immature specimen (DHMECN 14488) with body size of 12.73 mm, were collected between dry leaves of  Clusia and bulrush in the leaf-litter in montane forest of the Machay Reserve between 2480 and 2960 m elevation. Its uniformly cream-coloured ventral pattern clearly distinguishes it from  H. elassodisca .  Niceforonia elassodisca has a dark venter and no defined subocular and supratimpanic cantal bands, while  Niceforonia sp. has a defined subocular and supratimpanic cantal band, as well as a dark brown anal ornamentation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3389421FDE695326AB98FD36DE2E5CDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
15B8079A8E9456A982A0EF1DD15A08AB.text	15B8079A8E9456A982A0EF1DD15A08AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Noblella naturetrekii Reyes-Puig et al. 2019	<div><p>Noblella naturetrekii Reyes-Puig et al. 2019</p><p>Figure 15</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>A recently described species (Reyes-Puig et al. 2019), we recorded a male specimen (DHMECN 14437) with body size of 17.44 mm and a female specimen (DHMECN 14420) with body size of 14.92 mm, collected in the Naturetrek-Vizcaya Reserve at 2390 m elevation. These specimens correspond to the first records of the genus over 2000 m above sea level in the eastern Andean slopes of Ecuador. Both specimens were captured in pitfall traps. This species differs from its congeners by the presence of a differentiated tympanic membrane and a weakly-defined tympanic annulus, eyelids with rounded tubercles, blackish-dark brown ventral colouration scattered with little white dots and the absence of papillae at the tip of the fingers and toes, unlike  Noblella colomai,  N. personina,  N. myermecoides,  N. lochites and  N. heyeri that have visible tympanic annuli and pale or colourful bellies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/15B8079A8E9456A982A0EF1DD15A08AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
C89A4C39E49F59C7A5C3870E4A48A768.text	C89A4C39E49F59C7A5C3870E4A48A768.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osornophryne simpsoni Paez-Moscoso, Guayasamin & Yanez-Munoz 2011	<div><p>Osornophryne simpsoni 
Paez-Moscoso, Guayasamin &amp; 
Yanez-Munoz, 2011</p><p>Figure 11</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We recorded three adult female specimens (DHMECN 14412-14413-14414) with body sizes between 26.58 mm and 33.57 mm collected at night on bromeliad leaves, palms and  Neurolepis ( Poaceae), between 40 cm and 170 cm from the ground and a juvenile (DHMECN 14415) with body size 12.38 mm, collected in a bromeliad 20 cm from the ground. According to the original species description,  O. simpsoni was known only from two localities in the upper Rio Pastaza watershed and Cordillera Abitahua ( Páez et al. 2012). The record in Machay Reserve corresponds to the third locality of the species within Ecuador. This taxon is characterised by having Toes IV and V longer than Toes I-III, a short and rounded snout with a small rostral papilla and conical pustules on flanks. This species of plump toad inhabits the high montane forests of the Machay Reserve, between 2430 and 2490 m in elevation, this forest being characterised by low trees with abundant bryophytes and bromeliads. Under direct manipulation, this species tends to escape with slow movements and lets itself fall in a ball-like position.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C89A4C39E49F59C7A5C3870E4A48A768	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
347E9A153C7C5026A31E6242F275E84C.text	347E9A153C7C5026A31E6242F275E84C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis bellae Reyes-Puig & Yanez-Munoz 2012	<div><p>Pristimantis bellae Reyes-Puig &amp; 
Yanez-Munoz, 2012</p><p>Figure 16</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We collected two female specimens (DHMECN 14423-14424) with body sizes of 21.33 mm up to 22.40 mm and two male specimens (DHMECN 14421-14422) with body sizes of 15.58 mm up to 16.73 mm; the specimens were found on bush, palm and cyclanth leaves between 20 cm and 50 cm from the ground in montane Machay Reserve forests at 2290 m elevation. This species is characterised by having a distinctive pattern of irregular white marks on the black venter, conical tubercles on the upper eyelid, one interorbital tubercle and a row of ulnar and tarsal tubercles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/347E9A153C7C5026A31E6242F275E84C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
933A847E380D54CFA30E3DF867E84C0B.text	933A847E380D54CFA30E3DF867E84C0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis bicantus Guayasamin & Funk 2009	<div><p>Pristimantis aff. bicantus</p><p>Figure 24</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>A specimen (DHMECN 14444) of body size of 19.5 mm was collected on a dry branch 120 cm from the ground, in Machay Reserve montane forests at 2320 m elevation. This species is characterised by having small subconical tubercles on the upper eyelid and heel and brown dorsum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/933A847E380D54CFA30E3DF867E84C0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
8CFC95CA0609543DB846F7AB52707E92.text	8CFC95CA0609543DB846F7AB52707E92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis buckleyi complex	<div><p>Pristimantis buckleyi complex</p><p>Figure 20</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Two specimens (DHMECN 14434-14435) of body sizes between 21.64 mm and 27.97 mm were collected on a  Clusia leaf 110 cm from the ground, in the montane forests of Cerro Mayordomo at 3000 m elevation. This is species is characterised by low dorsolateral folds and an areolate venter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8CFC95CA0609543DB846F7AB52707E92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
838247D06AA154B6AF9CD72E998BF627.text	838247D06AA154B6AF9CD72E998BF627.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis burtoniorum Reyes-Puig 1 & Reyes-Puig 1 & Franco-Mena 5 & Jost 2 & Yánez-Muñoz 1 2022	<div><p>Pristimantis burtoniorum sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 33, 35, 36 Proposed standard English name:  Burtons’ Robber Frog Proposed standard Spanish name:  Cutín de los Burton</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. DHMECN 14479 (adult Female, Fig. 35), collected by Mario  Yánez-Muñoz, Juan Pablo Reyes-Puig and Daniela Franco-Mena, in the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.26812&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.370008" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.26812/lat -1.370008)">Machay Reserve</a>, Rio Verde Parish,  Baños township, Tungurahua Province, Republic of Ecuador (-1.370008, -78.268117; 2970 m elev.) on 2 March 2018.</p><p>Paratypes (2 females, 3 males). DHMECN 14482 (♀), DHMECN 14447 (♀) y DHMECN 14480 (♂), DHMECN 14478 (♂), DHMECN 14481(♂), with same data as the holotype .</p><p>Generic placement.</p><p>We assign the new species to  Pristimantis, based on having head about as wide as body; tympanic membrane differentiated t; cranial crests usually; dentigerous process of vomers usually present;  “S” condition of the adductor muscles; terminal discs on digits, bearing well-defined circumferential grooves, supported by T-shaped terminal phalanges; comparative lengths of fingers I and II variable; toe V as long as, or longer than, toe III; and subarticular tubercles not protruding; (Hedges 2008).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pristimantis burtoniorum sp. nov. is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen with a slightly defined mid-dorsal fold, which extends from the tip of the snout to the ventre; skin on ventre areolate, dorsolateral folds absent; discoidal fold present and defined; (2) tympanum present; tympanic membrane and annulus present, equivalent to 25% of the eye diameter; with a single subconic postrictal tubercle; (3) snout large and subacuminate in dorsal and lateral profile; with several small subconic tubercles along the upper mandibulae, more evident in females; (4) upper eyelid with 3-4 large subconic tubercles; one subconic interorbital tubercle, followed by a row of rounded tubercles along middle of the snout; upper eyelid wider than interorbital distance; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous process of vomer present, oval in outline with 4-5 teeth oval; (6) males lacking vocal slits, nuptial pads weakly defined; (7) finger I shorter than II; expanded digital pads, extended in fingers II-IV; two times the width of the digits; (8) fingers with large lateral fringes; (9) forearms with small conic ulnar tubercles; (10) heel with a small conic tubercle; outer border of the tarsus with small conical tubercles, inner tarsal fold present, weakly defined in the first portion; (11) two metatarsal tubercles, inner oval twice size of the outer tubercle that is round-shaped; (12) toes with fine lateral fringes; plantar supernumerary tubercles present, toe V larger than III, not extending further than distal subarticular tubercle of toe IV; (13) dorsal colouration grey with transversal marks dark brown, legs and arms with diagonal bands dark brown with interspaces pink (red in life), flanks with oblique bands finely delineated by cream, hidden surfaces of the venter and groin red; ventral colour grey dense, marked by dark brown, throat and outer mandibulae with dark brown marks, brown-red iris and (14) SVL in males 16.61-17.45 mm; females 20.81-27.03 mm.</p><p>Comparisons with other species.</p><p>Pristimantis burtoniorum is characterised by the presence of red colouration in hidden surfaces of the hind-limbs, this colouration combined with banded patterns of brown and pink. The presence of tubercles on the upper eyelid, interorbital tubercle and a row of rounded tubercles along snout to the tip and a pale red venter with dark brown mottled pattern in life, easily distinguish the new species from other congeners occurring on the eastern Ecuadorian Andes, diagnostic morphological characters avoiding polymorphism of previously-known species (Fig. 33). Another rain frog with red colours on the ventral surfaces that may be confused with  P. burtoniorunm is  P. tungurahua (Reyes-Puig et al. 2010); however, this species has prominent calcars and dorsolateral folds;  P. sacharuna (Reyes-Puig et al. 2015) exhibits red colours on the groin, but this is much darker red and is restricted to the groin and the digital pads are very much narrower than the new species. Other similar species in the upper Rio Pastaza watershed are  P. puruscafeum (Reyes-Puig et al. 2014) and  P. prolatus (Lynch and Duellman 1980); however, they have brown dorsal and ventral patterns with no flash colours on hidden surfaces and groins. Finally,  P. nigrogriseus (Anderson 1945) has yellow hidden marks on the groin and  P. ventrimarmoratus (Boulenger 1912) has black and white marks on the venter and the exhibits orange/yellow marks on the groin.</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>(Figs 35, 36) Adult female. Measurements in mm: SVL 22.63; tibia length 12.85; foot length 10.56; head length 8.68; head width 7.36; upper eyelid width 1.93; interorbital distance 2.75; internarial distance 2.19; eye-nostril distance 2.32; eye diameter 4.7; tympanum diameter 2.5; hand length 7,17; head slightly wider than long (12.8 mm vs. 11.7 mm); head width 32.5% of SVL; head length 38% of SVL. Snout subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in lateral profile (Fig. 35). Eye-nostril distance 10.25% of SVL; cantus rostralis straight, loreal region slightly concave; nostrils slightly protuberant, orientated laterally, interorbital area flat, wider than upper eyelid; upper eyelid length is 70% of the interorbital distance, cranial crests absent, occipital region prominent with a large rounded tubercle and two tubercles posterior and lower position. Upper eyelid with two rounded tubercles and other low. Row of small rounded tubercles along middle snout. Tympanic membrane differentiated from surrounding skin, tympanic annulus differentiated, low supratympanic fold with rounded shape, tympanum visible in dorsal view, laterally projected, tympanum diameter 35% of eye diameter, three subconical postrictal tubercles; choanae small, rounded in profile covered by the palatal shell of the maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomer present, oval on outline with 4-5 teeth; tongue longer than wide, oval shape, 60% of it fixed to the mouth floor.</p><p>Skin of the dorsum finely shagreen with scattered rounded tubercles; slightly defined dermal fold extending from the tip of the snout to the vent; venter areolate, discoidal fold present; without anal ornamentation and with low tubercles. Forearms slender with three lower ulnar tubercles and a row on the anterior region of the forearm, weakly defined or reduced by preservation effects, fingers with fine lateral fringes (Fig. 36), palmar tubercle oval three times larger than thenar tubercle that is rounded; subarticular tubercles of the fingers in hand rounded and elevated, supernumerary tubercles rounded at the base of each digit; digital pads truncated and expanded, twice width of fingers II,III, IV, in finger I slightly wider than the digit; all fingers have digital pads defined by circumferential grooves (Fig. 34).</p><p>Hind-limbs slender, tibia length 56.7% snout-vent length, small subconic tubercle on the heel with a row of three lower tubercles; inner tarsal fold present, outer edge of the tarsus with low tubercles; toes with fine lateral fringes, without digital webbing, toes digital pads expanded to twice the width of the digit; subarticular tubercles rounded, well defined and elevated, small supernumerary tubercles weakly defined; metatarsal tubercles present, inner oval double in size than outer that is rounded; toe V much longer than III, reaching base of distal subarticular tubercle of toe IV.</p><p>Colour of holotype in life (Fig. 37). Dorsal surfaces dark brown, with irregular light brown marks, subocular and labial marks forming a banded pattern, body dark brown with light brown marks forming bands extending to the flanks, forelimbs and hind-limbs. Shanks and hidden surfaces of groin and armpit red, other ventral surfaces light brown with dark brown marks. Iris reddish-brown.</p><p>Colour of holotype in ethanol 70 % (Fig. 35). Head and dorsum predominantly dark brown, banded with light brown and white lines extending to the flanks, forelimbs and hind-limbs as in the lips, a labial mask with a banded pattern is present. Groin and base of the venter and shanks red, other ventral surfaces mottled with light brown, chin with irregular dark brown and grey marks; forelimbs, hind-limbs, fingers and toes banded with brown and grey.</p><p>Variation (Fig. 37). Specimens of  Pristimantis burtoniorum present a dorsal colouration with different tones of dark brown banded with light brown and cream, including variations with a thin mid dorsal line (Fig. 23). Variation in morphometric measurements are presented in Table 3.</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Pristimantis burtoniorum is known only from the type locality in the Machay Reserve, Rio Verde Parish,  Baños township, Tungurahua Province, Republic of Ecuador (Fig. 2) at an elevation of 2940 m. This locality is comprised of montane cloud forest (MAE 2012), with a canopy of 15 m with a dense layer of bryophytes and epiphytes and an understorey dominated by bromeliads of 30-60 cm in height from the forest floor. This is the predominant microhabitat for  Pristimantis burtoniorum; all specimens were found hiding in the base of bromeliads leaves. Sympatric species are  Pristimantis festae complex,  P. buckleyi complex,  Niceforonia sp and  Hyloscirtus sp.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Species epithet is the genitive plural of  “Burton” in Latin, in recognition of John and Viv Burton, who founded and led the World Land Trust for most of its existence. Their impact on nature conservation is worldwide. Without the World Land  Trust’s "Forests in the Sky" initiative, it would not have been possible for EcoMinga Foundation to establish the Machay Reserve and complete the Llanganates-Sangay Ecological Corridor.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/838247D06AA154B6AF9CD72E998BF627	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
33422455F3035F87B1DE1B1EEAC325A8.text	33422455F3035F87B1DE1B1EEAC325A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis eriphus	<div><p>Pristimantis aff. eriphus</p><p>Figure 23</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Two male specimens (DHMECN 14443-14706) with a body size of 15.77 to 19.43 mm and one female specimen (DHMECN 14707) with a body size of 19.71 mm were collected on bush leaves at 100 cm from the ground, in the montane forests of the Machay Reserve at 2430 m elevation. The external morphology and colouration pattern are somewhat similar to  Pristimantis eriphus; however, the latter has red eyes and white spots in the groin, as opposed to the yellowish spots and coppery yellow iris of the present species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/33422455F3035F87B1DE1B1EEAC325A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
651F8F945957552CA118F5A3D0AF891B.text	651F8F945957552CA118F5A3D0AF891B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis eriphus complex	<div><p>Pristimantis eriphus complex</p><p>Figure 21</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>One female specimen (DHMECN 14436) with body size of 25.53 mm, a male specimen (DHMEN 14437) with body size of 11.37 mm and five male specimens (DHMECN 14438- 14439-14487-14440-14441) of body sizes of 15.3 mm up to 22.91 mm, were collected on bush leaves and branches 170 cm from the ground, in Machay Reserve montane forests at elevations ranging from 2230 m to 2310 m. This species had already been registered in other EcoMinga Reserves, such as the Cerro Candelaria Reserve and the  Río Zuñag Reserve. This species is characterised by having a conical tubercle on the upper eyelid and the heel and by having coppery to red iris in females, dark yellow in males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/651F8F945957552CA118F5A3D0AF891B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
9036D788C87C54EDBCACBB091B771E92.text	9036D788C87C54EDBCACBB091B771E92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis gladiator (Lynch 1976)	<div><p>Pristimantis aff. gladiator</p><p>Figure 22</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Five female specimens (DHMECN 14446, 14447, 14448, 14484, 14705) with body sizes of 13.58 mm up to 19.03 mm, three male specimens (DHMECN 14449-14450, 1486) with body sizes of 12.6 mm up to 15.02 mm and one specimen with undetermined sex (DHMECN14485) with a body size of 11.35 mm, were collected on the forest floor between the leaf litter and on a bromeliad leaf 30 cm from the ground, in the montane forests of the Machay Reserve at elevations between 2220 m to 3000 m. This species has been recorded in other localities, such as Cerro Candelaria Reserve, Chamana Reserve and Tungurahua Volcano; however, some preliminary phylogenetic analyses suggest that northern and southern forms correspond to distinct near-related species (Franco, in preparation). According to references and historical records, the speci-mens assigned to  Pristimantis festae of the Tungurahua Volcano (Lynch and Duellman 1980) actually correspond to this new species, which, in its external morphology, is more similar to  Pristimantis gladiator; however, the latter has a longer face-cloacal length and, according to osteological skull analysis, this species has other morphological differences.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9036D788C87C54EDBCACBB091B771E92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
F67F2ED795095765AFAA95EFB4430C41.text	F67F2ED795095765AFAA95EFB4430C41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis maryanneae Reyes-Puig 1 & Reyes-Puig 1 & Franco-Mena 5 & Jost 2 & Yánez-Muñoz 1 2022	<div><p>Pristimantis maryanneae sp. nov</p><p>Figures 31, 32, 33 Proposed standard English name:  Maryanne’s Robber Frog Proposed standard Spanish name:  Cutín de Maryanne</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. DHMECN 14454 (adult male Fig. 32), collected by Mario  Yánez, Juan Pablo Reyes-Puig and Daniela Franco-Mena, in the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.39353&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.35775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.39353/lat -1.35775)">Naturetrek Vizcaya Reserve</a>, Ulba Parish,  Baños township, Tungurahua Province, Republic of Ecuador (-1.357750, -78.393533; 2404 m elev.) on 26 February 2018.</p><p>Paratypes (1 female, 3 males). DHMECN 14451 (♂ adult male), DHMECN 14453 (juvenile), with same location data as the holotype; DHMECN 14452 (♂ adult male) with same location data as the holotype, collected on 27 February 2018 and DHMECN 14550 (♀ adult female) with the same location data as the holotype, collected on 15 February 2018 .</p><p>Generic placement.</p><p>We assign the new species to  Pristimantis, based on having head about as wide as body; cranial crests absent; dentigerous process of vomers present;  “S” condition of the adductor muscles; terminal discs on digits, bearing well-defined circumferential grooves, supported by T-shaped terminal phalanges; Toe V as long as, or longer than, Toe III; and subarticular tubercles not protruding (Hedges 2008).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pristimantis maryanneae can be distinguished from other  Pristimantis by the following character combination: (1) skin on dorsum finely shagreen, with flat and low warts, weak and fine sacral fold, composed of some low warts, two pairs of scapular tubercles diagonal aligned behind the eye; venter areolate with pustules, discoidal fold present; (2) tympanum absent, hidden beneath the skin; tympanic anulus visible under the skin measuring 25% of the eye diameter; (3) snout short, rounded in dorsal and lateral profile; (4) upper eyelid with 2-3 subconical tubercles (rounded in preservative); upper eyelid wider than interorbital distance; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous process of vomer present, oblique in outline with 2-3 oval teeth; (6) males without vocal slits, no nuptial pads; (7) Finger I shorter than II; digital pads expanded; (8) fingers with weakly defined laterals fringes; (9) forearms with small ulnar subconical tubercles; (10) heel bearing a small subconical tubercle; outer edge of tarsus bearing small subconical tubercles, inner tarsal fold absent; (11) two metatarsal tubercles, inner oval twice or three times larger than outer oval that is subconical; (12) toes without lateral fringes; supernumerary tubercles present, Toe V larger than III, does not reach distal subarticular tubercle of Toe IV; (13) dorsal colouration dark grey to grey with green marks, with transverse dark brown marks, with a chevron and irregular  “H” shaped marks, flanks with cream diagonal bands, shanks with cream diagonal bands and light brown interspaces, hind-limbs with grey transverse bands and dark brown interspaces; ventral colouration dirty cream with a line along middle of the venter, chin and outer mandibula mottled with dark brown marks, iris light brown to grey with black reticulation and horizontal coppery stripe and (14) SVL males 17.61-17.8 mm; female 21.06mm.</p><p>Comparisons with other species.</p><p>(Fig. 33) The condition of the hidden tympanum is a distinctive characteristic that differentiates  Pristimantis maryanneae from other  Pristimantis within the eastern versant of the Andes in central Ecuador. Only  P. ventrimarmoratus shares the condition of the tympanum; however, the ventral colouration of that species is composed of large black and white marks and the hidden surfaces have orange and yellow marks.  Pristimantis sp from El Encanto have different iris and ventral colour patterns.  Pristimantis maryannaeae does not exhibit flash colours on the venter, groin and hidden surfaces. Externally the new species resembles  Pristimantis verecundus (Lynch and Burrowes 1990) and  P. mutabilis (Guayasamin et al. 2015) from north-western Ecuador; however, these species have extremely opposite distributions, dorsolateral folds, reddish colours on the groin in  P. mutabilis and both have a tympanum, in contrast to  P. maryaneae .</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>(Figs 31, 32) Adult male (measurements in mm): SVL 17.86; tibia length 9.07; foot length 9.18; head length 7.34; head width 6.78; upper eyelid width 1.97; interorbital distance 2.5; internarial distance 1.96; eye-nostril distance 1.81; eye diameter 2.35; tympanum diameter 0.79; hand length 5.08. Head longer than wide, length 41.6% SVL, wide 38% SVL; snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view (Fig. 31). Eye-nostril distance 10.13% SVL; canthus rostralis concave and loreal region slightly concave; nostril slightly protuberant orientated laterally; interorbital area flat, wider than the upper eyelid, upper eyelid measure 78.8% interorbital distance; cranial crests absent; occipital fold defined by the presence of two pairs of prominent subconical tubercles on the occipital and scapular regions; row of small rounded tubercles from the tip of the snout to the interorbital region; upper eyelid with three subconical tubercles (rounded in preservative); rounded tubercles scattered on the cantus rostralis and loreal region (Fig. 34); tympanic membrane undifferentiated from surrounding skin, tympanic annulus visible beneath the skin, rounded, laterally orientated, tympanum diameter 33.61% of the eye diameter, postrictal tubercles present, low; small choanae, rounded in outline, not covered by the palatal floor of maxilla; dentigerous process of vomer present oblique in outline; oval tongue longer than wide, 40% of it fixed to the mouth floor.</p><p>Skin on dorsum finely shagreen with rounded tubercles widespread; venter areolate with some pustules, discoidal fold present; anal ornamentation absent, with several rounded tubercles; forearms slender with two subconical ulnar tubercles and a row of subconical tubercles along the anterior edge (reduced or less evident in preservation effects); fingers with fine lateral fringes, palmar tubercle oval, the same size and shape as thenar; subarticular tubercles rounded and defined, with supernumerary tubercles at the base of each digit; digital pads truncated and expanded, twice as wide as the digit in fingers III, IV, on fingers I and II slightly wider than digit; all fingers have digital pads defined by circumferential grooves (Fig. 34).</p><p>Hind-limbs slender, tibia length 50.78% SVL, two subconical tubercles on the heel, a row of subconical tubercles on the outer edge of tarsus; inner tarsal fold present; toes with fine lateral fringes, without digital webbing, digital pads of the toes expanded, on toes IV and V twice as wide as digits and on toes I, II, III slightly more expanded than digit; low and rounded subarticular tubercles, supernumerary tubercles weakly defined and rounded; metatarsal tubercles present, inner oval three times the width of the outer tubercle that is rounded; toe V longer than III, not reaching to the base of distal subarticular tubercle of toe IV.</p><p>Colour of holotype in life (Fig. 34). Dorsal surfaces light brown to dark brown with dark marks, delineated by golden reticulations. Limbs banded with light brown and dark brown, delineated by golden tones. Throat light grey with small dark grey marks, an inverted triangle on the throat and chin, other ventral surfaces dark grey with light grey. Iris coppery/yellow with black reticulations.</p><p>Colour of holotype in ethanol 70 % (Fig. 31). Head grey with an interorbital dark bar, nasal dark marks, a pair of subocular and supratympanic black bands. Dorsal pattern with irregular marks in several dark grey tones, delineated by irregular reticulations, a pair of dark marks forming ocellus on the posterior flanks. Anterior and posterior limbs banded from light grey to dark. Throat and venter with minute black points, ventral surfaces of forelimbs and hind-limbs grey.</p><p>Variation (Fig. 34).  Pristimantis maryanneae shows dorsal variation in colour from light brown to dark brown, with some individuals bearing a head mask predominantly yellow; ventral surfaces can vary from small dense brown marks to grey tones. Variation in iris from coppery to grey coppery. Variation in morphometric measurements presented in Table 3.</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Pristimantis maryanneae is known only from the type locality, Naturetek Vizcaya Reserve, located at Ulba Parish,  Baños township, Tungurahua Province, at 2400 m elevation in the eastern versant on the Andes in central Ecuador (Fig. 2), near the southwest limit of Llanganates National Park. This species was found in mature montane cloud forest (MAE 2012), characterised by a canopy of 25 to 30 m covered by epiphytes, orchids, bromeliads, bryophytes, and ferns. The bambusoid grass genus  Chusquea was predominant in the area. The five known specimens of  Pristimantis maryanneae were found in the lower stratum of the forest, sitting on leaves from 60 to 160 cm; one individual was found in leaf litter during the day, while all others were found on fern leaves at night.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Specific epithet is in recognition of Maryanne Mills ( née Sawle), a zoologist from Perth, Australia. In 1986, she helped her husband, David Mills, set up the  UK’s premier wildlife tour operator, Naturetrek and she has been based in England ever since. Her passion for the environment and its conservation has led Naturetrek to donate widely to this cause, including donations to World Land Trust which allowed EcoMinga Foundation to purchase more than 1,000 acres of Ecuadorian cloud forest, where this new species of terrestrial frog was discovered.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F67F2ED795095765AFAA95EFB4430C41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
C54DB4873F0353B1AD96FBD9A4473AD2.text	C54DB4873F0353B1AD96FBD9A4473AD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis pastazensis Andersson 1945	<div><p>Pristimantis pastazensis Andersson, 1945</p><p>Figure 17</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This record extends the known distribution of the species, since the available records had been restricted to a few localities near the Tungurahua Volcano (Reyes Puig et al. 2014; Ron et al. 2019). We documented a juvenile specimen (DHMECN 14425) with body size 15.05 mm that was collected on an anthurium leaf 160 cm from the ground, in mountain forests of the Naturetrek-Vizcaya Reserve at 2100 m elevation.  Pristimantis pastazensis is characterised by having a rostral papilla, snout subacuminate in dorsal view and for not having pungent tubercles on the eyelids.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C54DB4873F0353B1AD96FBD9A4473AD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
BE1325D7649555DC84650BB06AB2A89A.text	BE1325D7649555DC84650BB06AB2A89A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis sp. A	<div><p>Pristimantis sp. A</p><p>Figure 26</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We recorded a specimen (DHMECN 14455) of body size of 11.67 mm, collected on bush leaves in the montane forests of the Machay Reserve at 3030 m elevation. This species is characterised by having conical tubercles on all dorsal surfaces with green and brown tones on the body and also presenting a rostral papilla at the tip of the snout.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE1325D7649555DC84650BB06AB2A89A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
ADCC31116A525A40A005C9112A39E971.text	ADCC31116A525A40A005C9112A39E971.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis sp. B	<div><p>Pristimantis sp. B</p><p>Figure 27</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We recorded four specimens (DHMECN 14456-14457-14458-14459-14460-14461) with body sizes between 12.28 mm up to 16.85 mm, collected in the montane forests of the Machay Reserve at 3030 m elevation. This species is characterised by having subconical tubercles in the dorsal surfaces of the head and dorsum brown to copper with dark venter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ADCC31116A525A40A005C9112A39E971	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
06EF7A658EF25004821CF77C1A5D8405.text	06EF7A658EF25004821CF77C1A5D8405.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis sp. C	<div><p>Pristimantis sp. C</p><p>Figure 28</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We recorded four specimens (DHMECN 14462-14463-14464-14465) of body sizes between 15.10 mm and 22.93 mm collected in bromeliads in the montane forests of Machay Reserve. This species is characterised by having conical tubercles on the upper eyelid, dorsolateral folds and a distinctive colouration pattern on the flanks, groin and hidden surfaces of the thigh characterised by a brown background with white spots.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/06EF7A658EF25004821CF77C1A5D8405	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
B449C9E8F6A25E629934D3E90D22FEA0.text	B449C9E8F6A25E629934D3E90D22FEA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis sp. D	<div><p>Pristimantis sp. D</p><p>Figure 29</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We recorded two female specimens (DHMECN 14466-14703) with body sizes of 34.94 mm to 39.44 mm, four juvenile specimens (DHMECN 14472-14473-14474-14475) with body sizes of 14.29 mm to 16.25 mm and six male specimens (DHMECN 14467-14469-14468-14470-14471, 14704) with body sizes of 20.35 mm to 27.5 mm. The specimens were collected on leaves and branches of shrubs, bromeliads, ferns, and bulrush between 50 cm and 175 cm from the ground, in the montane forests of the Machay Reserve at elevations between 1990 to 3000 m above sea level. This species in its external morphology resembles the  Pristimantis devillei group; however,  Pristimantis sp. D exhibits tubercles on the upper eyelids and on the external edge of the tarsus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B449C9E8F6A25E629934D3E90D22FEA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
21F0292491505D6FB072DB66F2CE3C6E.text	21F0292491505D6FB072DB66F2CE3C6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis sp. E	<div><p>Pristimantis sp. E</p><p>Figure 30</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>A specimen (DHMECN 14476) with body size of 20.49 mm was collected on a bush leaf at 170 cm in the montane forests of MER at 2970 m elevation. Due to its external morphology, this species could be related to the  Pristimantis lacrimosus group; however, all known species of that group are found only below 2000 m elevation. This species could be the highest record for the  Pristimantis lacrimosus group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/21F0292491505D6FB072DB66F2CE3C6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
35D18BFB47795B8BB1B7614F36E47104.text	35D18BFB47795B8BB1B7614F36E47104.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis tinguichaca Brito M, Ojala-Barbour, Batallas R & Almendariz C 2016	<div><p>Pristimantis tinguichaca Brito M, Ojala-Barbour, Batallas R &amp; 
Almendariz
C, 2016</p><p>Figure 18</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We recorded a female specimen (DHMECN 14426) with body size of 28.83 mm collected on a palm leaf in the montane forests of the Machay Reserve at 2290 m elevation. This specimen corresponds to the first record of  P. tinguichaca on the north side of the Rio Pastaza and extends its altitudinal distribution in the Province of Tungurahua from the previous record of 2470 m (Brito et al. 2016; Franco-Mena et al. 2019). This species can be distinguished by the presence of small conical tubercles on the upper eyelids and heels and by its red-coloured iris.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/35D18BFB47795B8BB1B7614F36E47104	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
7441587EB4D35BBF9E3F11BD58A6733E.text	7441587EB4D35BBF9E3F11BD58A6733E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis tungurahua Reyes-Puig, Yanez-Munoz, Cisneros-Heredia & Ramirez 2011	<div><p>Pristimantis tungurahua Reyes-Puig, 
Yanez-Munoz, Cisneros-Heredia &amp; 
Ramirez, 2011</p><p>Figure 19</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We documented three female specimens (DHMECN 14427, 14428, 14429, 14433) with body sizes of 20.15 mm up to 22.87 mm, two male specimens (DHMECN 14430, 14431) with body sizes of 15.87 mm up to 16.77 mm and one juvenile specimen (DHMECN 14432) with a body size of 14.02 mm; the specimens were collected on leaves of ferns and shrubs between 30 cm and 40 cm from the ground and dry sticks between leaves at ground level; some of them were captured in pitfall traps. These specimens and others in the Chamana Reserve correspond to the first records since the original description (Reyes-Puig et al., in preparation); these records extend the limits of altitudinal distribution to the range of 2400 m to 2900 m. This species can be easily distinguished by its distinctive red salmon colouration on the groin, ventral surfaces of the limbs and by the presence of dorsolateral folds.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7441587EB4D35BBF9E3F11BD58A6733E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
388EFEC266BB5FC09014AE84E0CB7D34.text	388EFEC266BB5FC09014AE84E0CB7D34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis tungurahua Reyes-Puig, Yanez-Munoz, Cisneros-Heredia & Ramirez 2011	<div><p>Pristimantis aff. tungurahua</p><p>Figure 25</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>A specimen (DHMECN 14445) of body size of 21.04 mm was collected on a fern leaf 110 cm from the ground, in the montane forests of Machay Reserve at 2600 m elevation. This species is very similar to  Pristimantis tungurahua found in nearby localities, such as the Cerro Candelaria Reserve, Naturetrek-Vizcaya Reserve and Chamana Reserve. However, the Machay  Reserve’s specimen differs in that it has patterns with white spots in the groin and ventral surfaces, as opposed to the red belly and dark colour of  P. tungurahua .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/388EFEC266BB5FC09014AE84E0CB7D34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo;Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina;Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela;Jost 2, Lou;Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H.	Reyes-Puig 1,2, Juan Pablo, Reyes-Puig 1,3,4, Carolina, Franco-Mena 5,6, Daniela, Jost 2, Lou, Yanez-Munoz 1,2, Mario H. (2022): Strong differentiation between amphibian communities on two adjacent mountains in the Upper Rio Pastaza watershed of Ecuador, with descriptions of two new species of terrestrial frogs. ZooKeys 1081: 35-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1081.71488
