identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E0580B3F9F2D1C36FF5061C0799B392D.text	E0580B3F9F2D1C36FF5061C0799B392D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callimorphina Walker 1865	<div><p>Subtribe Callimorphina Walker, [1865]</p> <p>Recent authors, such as Dacosta &amp; Weller (2005), Dubatolov (2006), Witt &amp; Ronkay (2011), Vives Moreno (2014) and Zenker et al. (2016), include Coscinia and Spiris in the subtribe Callimorphina Walker, [1865]. However, there are distinct morphological traits, explained below, which perhaps indicate that these genera do not belong in Callimorphina but in another subtribe. This is something that requires a more extensive and detailed study, and is not discussed here. The authors are fully aware that the morphological features described here only apply to a subset of Callimorphina, and that they do not represent a sound diagnosis for the whole subtribe; however, they are valid for the Iberian and Western Europe species.</p> <p>Morphological differences within the genus Coscinia have led the authors to create the genus Sagarriella Macià, Mally, Ylla, Gastón &amp; Huertas gen. nov. and to restore the genus Lerautia stat. rev. Based on their morphological characteristics, Sagarriella and Lerautia are assigned to the subtribe Callimorphina along with Coscinia and Spiris. Although we have not been able to study the larval stages of Lerautia, given its great similarity in the rest of studied characters, we assume that larval characteristics should not differ significantly.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Imago. Imagines of Coscinia, Spiris, Sagarriella and Lerautia have elongated and narrow forewings, and antennae that are bipectinate in males and filiform in females. Typical members of Callimorphina have a broader wing shape, and the antennae are filiform in both sexes. The male genitalia of Callimorphina have a sacculus with a prominent process, always separated from the valve to form a sort of bilobed valve. The male genitalia of Coscinia, Spiris, Sagarriella and Lerautia lack a sacculus with similar processes, but always have a characteristic fold in the central part of the valve, which is absent in Callimorphina. The tip of the uncus in Coscinia, Spiris, Sagarriella and Lerautia is usually tubular or slightly pointed, or spatulate; in Callimorphina, the uncus widens subapically and resembles the shape of a bird´s beak.</p> <p>Larva. The larvae of Coscinia, Spiris and Sagarriella (Lerautia, larva not studied) have four to five P setae (P = posterior) in the superior area of each hemisphere epicranium of the head capsule. Setae P1 and P2 are common in most Lepidoptera larvae, but the other three seem to be exclusive to these genera. There is no reference to these setae in Gerasimov (1935), Hinton (1946) or Beck (1960), but they are mentioned in Garcia-Barros (1992) for Sagarriella romei. These setae are not present in the species of the subtribe Callimorphina, in which only P1 and P2 are present in Tyria jacobeae (Linnaeus, 1758) and U. pulchella. In Cymbalophora pudica (Esper, 1785), Callimorpha dominula (Linnaeus, 1758) and Euplagia quadripunctaria (Poda, 1761), these setae are not distinguished. The immature stages of Coscinia, Spiris and Sagarriella (Lerautia, larva not studied) are very similar, and specific identification relies on breeding them to the adult stage. So, when breeding larvae from eggs, the best diagnostic characters for species distinction are the shape of the nails of the thoracic legs and abdominal prolegs and the chaetotaxy of the ocellar zone, where setae O1 and O2 are always in the same place, whereas seta O3 can approach more or less setae O1 or O2 depending on the species. Larva cylindrical and dark, with a white or orange dorsal line; verrucae D1, D2, SD1, L1, L2 and L3, with short, black and white setae.</p> <p>Pupa. Straight or slightly curved; fusion of the tips of the pterothecae and the tips of the antennae protruding or not; hair coverage of variable length; there are circular depressions in the abdomen and groups of setae of different length that coincide with the verruca of the larva; posterior end of pupa rounded, cremaster absent in Coscinia, Spiris and Sagarriella, (Lerautia, pupa not studied) present in Callimorphina except T. jacobeae.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F2D1C36FF5061C0799B392D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F2A1C31FF50613478363A4A.text	E0580B3F9F2A1C31FF50613478363A4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coscinia Hubner 1819	<div><p>Coscinia Hübner, [1819]</p> <p>Type species: Phalaena cribrum Linnaeus, 1761, by subsequent designation by Hampson, 1901. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum 3, 203-204 (but cited as Phalaena cribraria Linnaeus, 1758). (Fig. 41)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Distinct from Sagarriella, Spiris and Lerautia in the uncleft tip of the valva (but straight, dentate valva apex in Spiris striata) and the sclerotized spiny band extending through the bursa. Further distinct from Spiris and Lerautia in the apically pointed or rounded uncus and the small, oval to triangular sclerotized plate on the lamella antevaginalis. Distinct from Sagarriella in the U-shaped, narrow saccus (less so in C. mariarosae), and distinct from Spiris in the absence of a clavus on the base of valva.</p> <p>Description. Imago. Head and thorax large, frons uniformly covered with scales, labial palps well developed, proboscis moderately long, functional; antenna of male bipectinate, with moderately long ramifications, that of female filiform; eyes large, hemispherical, ocelli reduced or absent. Thorax and abdomen covered with uniform scales. Tibia of foreleg with a long, thin and pointed spur. Forewing narrow and pointed; hindwing long, large and rounded with slightly concave outer margin.</p> <p>Male genitalia. Valvae short, roughly rectangular, with a characteristic fold in the central part of the inner surface, apically with a wide club-shaped cucullus; pollex ending in a strong medioventrally directed curved spine. Aedeagus cylindrical, slightly curved, with a bulbous coecum and a sclerotized plate in the centre of the vesica.</p> <p>Female genitalia. Bursa with a strongly sclerotized spinose band, constricting the anterior centre of the corpus bursae symmetrically or asymmetrically (C. mariarosae) into two pockets, one of which with two small circular signa; cervix bursae elongated, wide and membranous (except in C. mariarosae, that has is sclerotized), finishing in a membranous sac from which the ductus seminalis emerge; ductus bursae broad, strongly sclerotized (Table 1).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F2A1C31FF50613478363A4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F291C3FFF5065807F223E86.text	E0580B3F9F291C3FFF5065807F223E86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coscinia cribraria (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Coscinia cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Original combination: Phalaena Bombyx cribraria Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae (Edn. 10) 1, 507</p> <p>LT. [South Europe] “terris meridionalibus”.</p> <p>= Bombyx candida Cyrillo, 1787.</p> <p>= Bombyx puntigera Freyer, [1834].</p> <p>= Euprepia inquinata Rambur, [1866].</p> <p>= Emydia cribum bivittata South, 1900</p> <p>= Eyprepia nevadensis Oberthür, 1911.</p> <p>= Coscinia cribum splendida Dannehl, 1929</p> <p>= Euprepia arenaria Lempke, 1937.</p> <p>= Coscinia cribraria pannonica Daniel.</p> <p>= Coscinia cribrartia galega Agenjo, 1975.</p> <p>= Coscinia cribrartia centralis Agenjo, 1975.</p> <p>= Coscinia cribrartia marcosae Agenjo, 1975.</p> <p>= Coscinia cribraria guidoi Silva Cruz, 1978.</p> <p>Material studied. 1♀ Villanueva de Sigena (Huesca), 215 m, 30TYM42, 31.V.2004, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 1♂ Villanueva de Sigena (Huesca), 215 m, 30TYM42, 27.V.2006, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 1♂ Villanueva de Sigena (Huesca), 215 m, 30TYM42, 20.VIII.2010, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Coll d´Heures, Collsuspina (Barcelona), 936 m, 31 TDG32, 21.VIII.2013, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Barranco de Mazarra, Baza (Granada), 727 m, 30 SWG25, 10.X.2015, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Serra d´Enguera, Enguera (Valencia), 758 m, 30 SXJ81, 12.X.2015, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2♂♂ El Cerro, Gredilla la Polera (Burgos), 939 m, 30 TVN40, 14.VII.2017, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Herrería de los Chorros, Tragacete (Cuenca), 1510 m, 30.VII.2009, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Font Home Mort, Queralbs (Girona), 1500 m, 20.VII.2006, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 1♂ Sierra de la Culebra, Ferreres (Zamora), 23. VI.2001, R.Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 1♂ Villanueva de Sigena (Huesca), 215 m, 30TYM42, 20.VIII.2010, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2♀♀ Sant Joan Abadesses (Girona) 12.IX.1994, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Tabernas (Almería), 29.IX.2002, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2♂♂ Barranco del Tejo, Güejar Sierra (Granada), 30.VIII.2016, J. Gastón leg.; 1♂ Peña del Perro, Sierra Nevada (Granada), 1850 m, 22.VIII.2014, J. Gastón leg.; 1♂ Col d´Ornon, Isère (France), 1392 m, 5.VII.2004, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 1♂ 1♀ Bio, Lascerede (France), 17. IX.1999, Florent leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀ Vallicelli de Monzuno, Bolo- gna (Italy), 13. VII. 1996, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2 ♂♂ Valdieri, Cuneo (Italy) 1400 m. 21. VII.2005, Bonora leg.; 1♂ Braftschaft, Bentheim (Germany), 27.VII.1994, Florent leg.; 2♂♂ Doksy, Bohemia (Czech Republic), 266 m, 10.VII.1998, R. Macià col.; 1♂, 1♀ Seoane, Folgoso do Courel (Lugo) 640 m, 1-IX-2007, E. Fernández-Vidal leg.; 1♀ Moreda, Folgoso do Courel (Lugo) 640 m, 12-VIII-2006, E. Fernández-Vidal leg.; 2♂♂ Fraga de Cecebre, Cambre (A Coruña) 45 m, 21-VIII-2004, E. Fernández-Vidal leg.; 1♂ Torre de Hércules (A Coruña) 48 m, 24-VII- 2002, E. Fernández-Vidal leg.; 2♂♂ 1♀ Torre de Hércules (A Coruña) 48 m, 11-VIII-2002, E. Fernandez-Vidal leg.; 2♀♀ Ontígola (Toledo), 590 m, 29.IX.2017, A. Expósito leg.; 1♂ El Robledal, Amavida (Ávila), 1450 m, 14-IX- 2004, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.</p> <p>The subspecies Coscinia c. benderi, C. c. ibicenca and C. c. rippertii are discussed separately below, and the studied material of these taxa is mentioned there.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Female genitalia with a V-shaped longitudinal notch in the posterior edge of the ductus bursae sclerotisation, near the contact area with the sterigma; notch absent in all other Coscinia species.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 1–2). Average wingspan 38.13 mm (n=15; 36–40 mm).</p> <p>Genitalia (Figs 29). As for the genus, female genitalia with the corpus bursae divided symmetrically by the strongly sclerotized spinose band, with a weakly sclerotized ductus seminalis, and with a V-shaped longitudinal notch in the posterior edge of the ductus bursae sclerotisation.</p> <p>Immature stages (Fig. 45). The last instar larva measures 20–24 mm. Dorsal area dark with a longitudinal white dorsal line that may extend slightly to the sides; lateral and ventral sides reddish brown to yellowish brown; verruca D1, D2, SD1 dark brown, L1, L2, L3 light brown. Head capsule and thoracic legs dark brown; abdominal prolegs with 15 to 17 longer nails. Pupa of both sexes light brown and straight; tips of the antennae and pterothecae in contact with each other.</p> <p>Molecular data. Intraspecific COI p-distances range from 0% to 7.99%, with an average of 4.09% (Tab. 3). The genetic concept of C. cribraria currently comprises six different BINs (black vertical bars on the right side of Fig. 62): AAT9511 with 14 specimens, ACM 5829 with two specimens, ABZ5211 with 12 specimens, AAD9041 with 13 specimens, AAD9042 with 28 specimens, and ACE 7017 with seven specimens. BIN ACE 7017 is nested within AAD9042. None of the three subspecies of C. cribraria considered in this study have a unique BIN: C. c. benderi is part of AAD9042, and C. c. ibicenca and C. c. rippertii share the BIN AAT9511 together with two specimens from the French Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur which could not be investigated morphologically.</p> <p>Three cases of sympatric occurrence of specimens assigned to different BINs are found in our dataset: two of the six specimens collected at Umhausen (Tyrol, Austria) are part of BIN AAD9042, while the other four specimens are part of BIN ABZ5211; two of the three specimens from Kleiner Priol (South Tyrol, Italy) are in BIN ABZ5211, and the third is in BIN AAD9042; one of the two specimens from Cambre (A Coruña, Spain) is in BIN AAD9042, the other one in BIN ACM 8529. These cases might be indications of ancient introgression.</p> <p>In wingless sequences, C. cribraria differs by a maximum of 2 nucleotides (0.6% p-distance) from the other Coscinia taxa investigated for this marker, i.e. C. c. rippertii, C. c. ibicenca, C. c. benderi and C. chrysocephala. Coscinia differs clearly in wingless from the investigated species in other genera, with a difference of 2.69% p-distance from Sagarriella romei, 2.69–3.28% from Spiris striata and 2.69–2.99% from S. bipunctata (Tab. 3).</p> <p>Coscinia cribraria is strongly supported in the Bayesian inference phylogram (1.00 PP) and moderately supported in the ML phylogram (82% BS). The species forms a weakly supported group (0.92 PP, 54% BS) with C. chrysocephala.</p> <p>Biology. Univoltine in northern areas and colder localities, with a single generation from June to September, bivoltine in the southernmost warmer, Mediterranean regions, the first generation flying from March to May, the second generation from June to October. Both sexes are nocturnal and are attracted to artificial light. The larvae are polyphagous on various grasses, herbaceous plants and shrubs including Calluna, Erica, Genista, Rubus, Plantago, Taraxacum and Cistus (Ylla et al. 2010).</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 51). Trans-Palaearctic, present in most of Europe. The species is found in virtually every type of biotope, at altitudes from 0 to 2,500 m and higher. Outside Europe it is distributed through the forest steppe belt of western Kazakhstan and the steppes of Russia, Chinese Turkestan, northern Mongolia, Yakutia and northeast China (Ylla et al. 2010; Witt &amp; Ronkay 2011).</p> <p>Remarks. Coscinia cribraria is a polytypic species (sensu Mayr, 1942) with a large morphological variability within its wide geographic distribution, which has resulted in the description of numerous subspecies, races and individual forms. We find this morphological diversity reflected in the COI genetic data, resulting in the recognition of six different DNA Barcode BINs in BOLD. A comprehensive in-depth study of the conglomerate of forms and races of this polytypic species is pending.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F291C3FFF5065807F223E86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F221C38FF5064987C4D393A.text	E0580B3F9F221C38FF5064987C4D393A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coscinia cribraria subsp. benderi (Marten 1957) Macià & Mally & Ylla & Gastón & Huertas 2019	<div><p>Coscinia cribraria benderi Marten, 1957 stat. rev.</p> <p>Original combination: Coscinia benderi Marten, 1957. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 67 (8), 89.</p> <p>LT. Huelva (Spain)</p> <p>Material studied. 3♀♀ El Abalario (Huelva), 60 m, 29SQB00, 11.X.1999, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 3♂♂ El Ab- alario (Huelva), 60 m, 29SQB00, 2.X.2001, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 1♂ El Abalario (Huelva), 60 m, 29SQB00, 3.X.2002, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2 larvae Isla Saltés (Huelva), 10 m, 29SPB81, 1.V.2017, M. Huertas leg.; 1♂ Isla Saltés (Huelva), 10 m, 29SPB81, 22.IX.1986, M. Huertas leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This subspecies is characterized by the melanic, dark grey-brown forewings with a narrow costal band and a long dirty white stripe, parallel to the veins.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 3–4). Average wingspan 31.93 mm (n=15; 26–38 mm).</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 30). There are no structural differences in either sex from those of the nominate subspecies, C. c. cribraria.</p> <p>Immature stages (Fig. 46). The last instar larva measures 20–21 mm. Head capsule brownish, with the edge of the epicranial suture wide and whitish. Dorsal area dark brown, mixed with dark grey lines and spots, with a narrow white central line, bordered by a black zone; lateral sides brownish and ventral surface light grey with small dark spots; verruca D1, D2, SD1 dark grey; L1, L2, L3 light grey; thoracic legs dark brown; longer nails on abdominal prolegs. The pupae of both male and female straight, brown (not shiny); tips of the antennae touching each other in males, but not in females; the pterotheca tips are curved and touch each other along a shorter distance than in the nominate species.</p> <p>Molecular data. The three genetically investigated specimens differ by 0–0.22% in the COI Barcode from each other. The p-distances to other C. cribraria specimens range from 1.30% to 7.56%; the lowest p-distance (1.30%) is with three C. cribraria specimens from Granada in S. Spain (ZMBN Lep478–480), the highest p-distance with a specimen of C. c. ibicenca from Formentera, the smaller of the two major Pityusic Islands (ZMBN Lep585).</p> <p>In the wingless gene, the three specimens are identical, and they differ by 0–0.30% from other specimens of C. cribraria.</p> <p>Coscinia c. benderi is well supported as monophyletic (1.00 PP, 99% BS). It is well-supported sister (1.00 PP, 94% BS) to a subclade of C. cribraria comprising specimens from Spain, Italy, France and Austria (see Fig. 62).</p> <p>Biology. Univoltine, flying from September to mid-November. Both sexes are attracted by artificial light. In its univoltinism, it differs from C. chrysocephala, which is bivoltine and sympatric.</p> <p>The larvae feed on a great variety of plants including Cistus, Halimium, Rosmarinus, Rumex, Rhamnus, Linaria, Salsola, Limoniastrum, and Polygonum (Ylla et al. 2010).</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 52). Iberian endemic, known from a few coastal localities in the Province of Huelva, from Punta Umbría to the Doñana National Park.</p> <p>Remarks. The specific validity of C. benderi has been discussed by several authors for years. The results of the present molecular study and the genitalia do not allow us to consider it as a bona species, different from C. cribraria. Nevertheless, its univoltinism, the allopatry with other forms of this species, the climatic conditions of the biotope and the particular geological terrain where it lives (sandy alluvial deposits associated with marshy areas), as well as the peculiarities of the biology and differences in the immature stages lead us to place it as a subspecies of C. cribraria.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F221C38FF5064987C4D393A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F231C3AFF5067857DB43D46.text	E0580B3F9F231C3AFF5067857DB43D46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coscinia cribraria subsp. rippertii (Boisduval 1834)	<div><p>Coscinia cribraria rippertii (Boisduval, 1834)</p> <p>Original combination: Emydia rippertii Boisduval, 1834. Icones Historique des Lépidoptères nouveaux ou peu connus 2, 94. LT. Spanish Pyrenees.</p> <p>= Euprepia cribraria rondoui Oberthür, 1911.</p> <p>= Euprepia cribraria vernetensis Oberthür, 1911.</p> <p>= Euprepia cribraria canigulensis Oberthür, 1911.</p> <p>Material studied. 3♂♂ Bosc Nere, Banhs de Tredòs, Val d’Aran (Lleida), 1750 m, 18/ 26.VII.2012, R. Macià leg.; 2♂♂, 3♀♀ Llac de Colomers, Val d’Aran (Lleida), 12.IX.1997, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Portella de Mantet, Ull de Ter, Setcases (Girona), 6 / 7.VII.2012, M. Dvorak leg.; 1♂ Baths of Panticosa, Panticosa (Huesca), 1650 m, 30TYN23, 11/ 12.VII.2012, M. Dvorak leg.; 1♂ Balneario de Panticosa (Huesca), 1600 m, 30TYN23, 23-VII-1995, J. Gastón leg.; 1♂ Valle del Real, Robireña, Bielsa (Huesca), 2850 m, 12/ 13.VII.2012, M. Dvorak leg.; 3♂♂ C. c. vernetensis: Fillols, Pyr. Or. (France), 1300 m. 14.VII.1996, Peslier leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The antennae have the scape, pedicel, flagellum and teeth completely black in C. c. rippertii, which is usually a little smaller than the nominate C. c. cribraria. This taxon is characterized by the dark greyish forewing upperside, and hindwings which are blackish and darker than in any of the congeners. Underside of all wings and abdomen are entirely blackish.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 5–6). Average wingspan 29.93 mm (n = 15; 24–34 mm).</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 31). There are no structural differences in comparison with the nominate subspecies, C. c. cribraria or with C. c. benderi and C. c. ibicenca.</p> <p>Immature stages. Not studied.</p> <p>Molecular data. The five genetically investigated specimens differ by 0–1.30% uncorrected p-distance from each other, with an average of 0.52%. The p-distances to other C. cribraria specimens range from 0.86% to 7.34%; the lowest p-distance (0.86%) is with two C. cribraria specimens from Provence-Alpes-Cote-d’Azur in S-France (KX 042015, KX 042130), the highest p-distance (7.34%) with a specimen of C. cribraria from the Potenza Province in S-Italy (HM 914014) and with a specimen of C. cribraria from Rieti Province in Central Italy (HQ 968399).</p> <p>In the wingless gene, the single successfully sequenced specimen of C. c. rippertii differs by 0–0.30% from other C. cribraria specimens.</p> <p>The clade of Coscinia c. rippertii is not supported in either the Bayesian inference (PP&lt;0.90) or the ML analysis (BS&lt;50%). It is part of a strongly supported clade (1.00 PP, 99% BS) comprising C. c. ibicenca and two specimens identified as C. cribraria from W-Maurion in the southern French Provence-Alpes-Cote-d’Azur (KX 042015, KX 042130).</p> <p>Biology. Univoltine, with a single generation flying from the end of June to mid-August. This subspecies prefers stony and sunny slopes, always at high altitudes ranging from 1,500 to 2,800 m. Like Spiris, the males are seldom attracted by artificial light, hardly so the females; both sexes can be found by day perched on the ground, and take flight if disturbed. The larvae feed on a large variety of plants, among them Plantago, Taraxacum, Erica and grasses (Poaceae) (Ylla et al. 2010).</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 53). Endemic to High Pyrenees, found only in localized colonies from few localities on both the French and Spanish sides.</p> <p>Remarks. Coscinia c. rippertii was described by Boisduval (1834) as Emydia rippertii of the Spanish Pyrenees. In Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée, Oberthür (1911) presents a wide discussion on forms and distribution of his Emydia rippertii and describes three new subspecies of cribraria, C. c. vernetensis and C. c. canigulensis of the French Pyrénées Orientals and C. c. rondoui of the Hautes Pyrénées, all of which are synonymized with C. c. rippertii.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F231C3AFF5067857DB43D46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F211C25FF5063907E553A3A.text	E0580B3F9F211C25FF5063907E553A3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coscinia cribraria subsp. ibicenca Kobes 1991	<div><p>Coscinia cribraria ibicenca Kobes, 1991 stat. rev.</p> <p>Original combination: Coscinia cribraria ibicenca Kobes 1991. Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 11 (4), 194 LT. Ibiza, Balearic Islands (Spain)</p> <p>Material studied. 1♂, 1♀ Torrent des Fornàs (near Can Cosme) Eivissa (Balears), 120 m, 7.VIII.2012, 31SCD61, Dantart leg.; 1♂, 1♀ Platja de Migjorn, Formentera (Balears), 9.X.2006; 4♂♂ 2♀♀ Es Caló, Formentera (Balears), 15 m, 31SCC78, 13/ 14.IX.2017, R. Macià leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. C.c.ibicenca is generally smaller than the nominate C. cribraria. It is characterized by having the upper part of the forewings with blue-silver veins and the spaces between them blackish grey. Hindwings pale grey.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 7–8). Average wingspan 29.06 mm (n=15; 25–36 mm).</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 32). There are no characteristics that differentiate this taxon from the nominate subspecies, C. c. cribraria or from C. c. benderi and C. c. rippertii.</p> <p>Immature stages. Not studied.</p> <p>Molecular data. The seven genetically investigated specimens differ by 0–0.65% from each other, with an average of 0.25%. The p-distances to other C. cribraria specimens range from 1.08% to 7.99%; the lowest p-distance (1.08%) is with two C. cribraria specimens from W-Maurion Saorge in the southern French Provence-Alpes-Coted’Azur (KX 042015, KX 042130), the highest p-distance (7.99%) with a specimen of C. cribraria from the Potenza Province in S. Italy (HM 914014).</p> <p>The three specimens successfully sequenced for the nuclear wingless gene differ by 0–0.30% from each other and 0–0.60% from the wingless sequences of other C. cribraria specimens.</p> <p>The specimens of Coscinia c. ibicenca form a strongly supported monophyletic group (1.00 PP, 97% BS), indicating a common evolutionary origin of the sampled specimens. Furthermore, this clade is in a moderately supported tritomy (0.99 PP, 79% BS) with the monophyletic C. c. rippertii and a clade comprising the two same specimens mentioned above and identified as C. cribraria from the southern French Provence-Alpes-Cote-d’Azur (KX 042015, KX 042130).</p> <p>Biology. Bivoltine, with a first generation in May-June and a second one from mid-August to September-October; both sexes are attracted by artificial light. The larvae are polyphagous, feeding on numerous grasses (Poaceae) and low plants including Rosmarinus, Erica, Rubus, Plantago, Taraxacum and Cistus, among others (Ylla et al. 2010).</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 54). Endemic of Eivissa and Formentera (Balearic Islands).</p> <p>FIGURE 32. C. cribraria ibicenca, male and female genitalia, gen. prep. 5799JG m. Platja Migjorn, Formentera, Balears, (Spain), 5798JG f. Platja Migjorn, Formentera, Balears, (Spain)</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F211C25FF5063907E553A3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F3E1C24FF5064687ED5382A.text	E0580B3F9F3E1C24FF5064687ED5382A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coscinia chrysocephala (Hübner 1804)	<div><p>Coscinia chrysocephala (Hübner, [1810]) stat. rev.</p> <p>Original combination: Bombyx chrysocephala Hübner, [1810]. Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge, [3] pl. 58, f. 251.</p> <p>LT. Not stated.</p> <p>Material studied. 1♂ Sierra Cabrera, Turre (Almería), 21.X.2006, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀ Tizi Olmou, Taza (Marruecos), 22.V.2017, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 1♂, 1♀ Saladar de Santa Pola, Santa Pola (Alicante), 6 m, 4.X.2002, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2♀♀ El Abalario (Huelva) 60 m, 29SQB00, 2.X.2001, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 4♂♂ El Abalario (Huelva), 60 m, 29SQB00, 2.X.2001, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The main characteristic feature of this species is the yellow-ochre frons on the head.Apart from that, it is easily distinguished from the other Coscinia species by the metallic white forewings and the pale grey tone of the hindwings.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 9–10). Average wingspan 35.73 mm (n=15; 25–45 mm).</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 33). No features have been found which differentiate this species from C. cribraria.</p> <p>Immature stages (Fig. 47). The last instar larvae measure 18–24 mm. Head capsule dark brown. Dorsal surface dark with a white central line of variable width, that fades laterally; lateral sides dark grey to yellowish brown; ventral surface brownish grey; verruca D1, D2, SD1 black; L1, L2, L3 brownish; thoracic legs light pale to yellowish brown; on the abdominal prolegs 12 to 18 larger nails. Pupae of both sexes erect with a bright dark brown tonality; tips of antenna not touching, but those of the pterothecae do so along a narrow, curved or straight, contact area.</p> <p>Molecular data. The seven genetically investigated specimens differ by 0–2.16% from each other, with an average of 1.03% p-distance. The highest intraspecific p-distance is between the two sampled specimens from Morocco. Interspecific p-distances to specimens of C. cribraria range from 6.26% to 9.72%; the lowest p-distance (6.26%) is with two C. cribraria specimens from Burgos in N-Spain (ZMBN Lep506–507), the highest p-distance (9.72%) with a specimen of C. c. ibicenca from Formentera (ZMBN Lep506). Coscinia chrysocephala differs from C. mariarosae by 6.91–8.21% Barcode p-distance. See also Table 3 for details on the COI Barcode p-distances.</p> <p>FIGURE 33. C. chrysocephala, male and female genitalia, gen. prep. 5728JG m. El Abalario, Huelva, (Spain), 5711JG f. El Abalario, Huelva, (Spain).</p> <p>Five specimens were successfully sequenced for the wingless gene, and the sequences differ by 0–0.60%. The p-distances to C. cribraria are in the same range (0–0.60%), but wingless p-distances to C. mariarosae are 1.19–1.79%, with an average of 1.53% (see also Table 4).</p> <p>Coscinia chrysocephala is strongly supported as monophyletic (1.00 PP, 99% BS) and in a weakly supported sister group relationship to C. cribraria (0.92 PP, 54% BS).</p> <p>Biology. Bivoltine, in two virtually continuous generations from mid-April to mid-August and then from September to November, depending on warmer or colder areas. Both sexes are nocturnal and attracted to artificial light. Colonies are found in arid areas, mainly near the coast, reaching up to 2300 m. The larvae are polyphagous on numerous grasses (Poaceae) and other low plants including Cistus, Rumex, Plantago and Taraxacum, among others (Ylla et al. 2010). Occasionally, in the southern slopes of Sierra Nevada (Granada) can be found melanic forms.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 55). Coscinia chrysocephala is an Atlanto-Mediterranean species, distributed in Spain mainly along the Levantine coast and the southern half of Andalusia in scattered colonies of abundant individuals. Also present in Morocco, Tunisia, southern Italy and Sicily (Daniel 1955).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F3E1C24FF5064687ED5382A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F3F1C26FF5066B4782A3CFA.text	E0580B3F9F3F1C26FF5066B4782A3CFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coscinia mariarosae Exposito 1991	<div><p>Coscinia mariarosae Expósito, 1991</p> <p>Original combination: Coscinia mariarosae Expósito, 1991. SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 19 (73), 31–34.</p> <p>LT. Serra d´Alfàbia, Mallorca, Balearic Islands (Spain).</p> <p>Material studied. 1♂ Coll de Reis, Nus de sa Corbata, Escorca (Mallorca), 674 m, 31SDE83, 7.X.2015, R. Macià leg.; 1♀ Coll de Reis, Nus de sa Corbata, Escorca (Mallorca), 674 m, 31SDE83, 3.X.2016, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Puig de s´Aritjar, Serra d´Alfabia, Bunyola (Mallorca), 1025 m, 31SDD79, 3.X.2015, R. Macià leg.; 1♀ Puig de s´Aritjar, Serra d´Alfabia, Bunyola (Mallorca), 1025 m, 31SDD79, 1.X.2016, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Ctra. Ma 10 Km. 42, 5, For- nalutx (Mallorca), 524 m, 31SDE70, 5.X.2016, R. Macià leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Coscinia mariarosae is characterized by the silver-brown grey forewings, subbasal and antemedial lines strongly angled; hindwings uniformly brown grey. It has a certain resemblance to L. bifasciata, but it is darker in colour.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 11–12). Average wingspan 36 mm (n = 15; 26–48 mm).</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 34). The male genitalia are characterised by a group of well-developed cornuti that surround the sclerotized plaque which is present in all the other species of the genus. This plate is elongate and narrow in C. mariarosae and it is triangular and wider in the other Coscinia species. In the female genitalia, the sclerotized wide plate that surrounds the bursa constricts it asymmetrically, close to one end; the process from which the ductus seminalis emerges is very thick and sclerotized, another clear difference from the other species of the genus.</p> <p>Immature stages (Fig. 48). The last instar larva measures 21–24 mm. Head capsule dark brown. Dorsal area very dark, extending to verruca SD1, with a white narrow central line; laterally, from SD1 to the prolegs, light yellow with dark spots; ventral surface light yellow to whitish, with blotchy greyish spots medially; verruca D1, D2, SD1 black; L1, L2, L3 yellowish; thoracic legs with the femur and the tibia straw-coloured, the tarsus and the nails dark; abdominal prolegs with 21 to 26 large nails. Pupae of both male and female erect, dark brown, the tips of the antennae not touching; those of the pterothecae touch along a straight line.</p> <p>Molecular data. The three genetically investigated specimens differ by 0–0.43% from each other, with an average of 0.29% p-distance. Interspecific p-distances in specimens of Coscinia range from 6.91% to 9.50%, and both highest and lowest p-distances are with specimens of C. cribraria (Table 3).</p> <p>In the wingless gene, the three C. mariarosae specimens differ by 0–0.30% from each other, and by 1.19–1.79% from both C. cribraria and C. chrysocephala.</p> <p>The monophyly of C. mariarosae is strongly supported (1.00 PP, 100% BS). In the strongly (1.00 PP) too moderately (82% BS) supported Coscinia monophylum, it is sister to the clade comprising C. cribraria and C. chrysocephala (Fig. 62).</p> <p>Biology. The biology of this species is still poorly known. The first observations suggested a univoltine cycle with a single generation from mid-September to October (Macià et al. 2016). Recent observations indicate that it is at least bivoltine with a first generation from May to early June and a second from mid-September to early October. Both sexes are nocturnal and are attracted by artificial light. The species prefers calcareous, stony and sunny terrain at altitudes between 400–1200 m where a typical calcicole vegetation flourishes, rich in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). It is possible that this is one of the food plants, as well as Plantago, Taraxacum and other low plants and grasses (Macià et al. 2015, 2016).</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 56). Endemic to the island of Mallorca where is restricted to the Serra de Tramontana.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F3F1C26FF5066B4782A3CFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F3D1C21FF5062C47FD33CFA.text	E0580B3F9F3D1C21FF5062C47FD33CFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sagarriella Macià & Mally & Ylla & Gastón & Huertas 2019	<div><p>Sagarriella Macià, Mally, Ylla, Gastón &amp; Huertas gen. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Coscinia romei Sagarra, 1924. Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d´Història Natural, 2ª Sèrie. 4 (9), 195. (Fig. 42)</p> <p>Several morphological features have been found which show the taxa, hitherto known as C. libyssa and C. romei, form a monophyletic group, which is sister to another monophyletic group that includes the type species C. cribraria. Based on these findings, we propose the new genus Sagarriella Macià, Mally, Ylla, Gastón &amp; Huertas gen. nov. for the taxa romei and libyssa, with Coscinia romei as type species.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The males of Sagarriella differ from those of Coscinia in the structure and geometry of the valvae. In Sagarriella, these are elongated with parallel edges, and the apex (cucullus) consists of two sharp, closely associated processes, reminiscent of a crab’s claws (Fig. 40a). The aedeagus is cylindrical as in Coscinia (Fig. 40b), but differs in the coecum penis, which is not globular but rather slightly pointed in Sagarriella (Fig. 40 b’). Furthermore, in Sagarriella the aedeagus has a dense group of highly sclerotized cornuti in the distal zone (Fig. 40c) which is absent in Coscinia (Fig. 40 c’), being replaced by a dense spot of spinules and a sclerotized plate, except in C. mariarosae which certainly has a few cornuti in the central part, accompanied by the typical sclerotized plaque of Coscinia. In females of Sagarriella, the bursa (Fig. 40 d’) lacks the characteristic sclerotic belt of Coscinia (Fig. 40d), which makes it adopt a bilobal form, and the cervix bursae in Sagarriella (Fig. 40e) is much smaller than in Coscinia (Fig. 40 e’).</p> <p>Sagarriella males differ from those of Spiris in the absence of the clavus at the base of the valvae, which is characteristic of Spiris (Fig. 40f). Furthermore, the uncus is short, wide and apically shovel-shaped (Fig. 40g) in Spiris, whereas in Sagarriella it is narrow, slender and apically pointed (Fig. 40h). In Spiris, the aedeagus has a bulging central part (Fig. 40j) but in Sagarriella it is evenly cylindrical (Fig. 40i). In the females, the main difference is in the large, sclerotized lamella antevaginalis present in Spiris (Fig. 40k), which is small and more inconspicuous in Sagarriella (Fig. 40l).</p> <p>The males of Sagarriella differ from those of Lerautia in the narrow, elongated uncus (Fig. 40h), which is thick and broad in Lerautia (Fig. 40m). The valvae of Sagarriella are much more slender, especially distally, as compared to Lerautia, in which there is a process located on the distal costa (Fig. 40n). The aedeagus in Lerautia is not cylindrical (Fig. 40o) as in Sagarriella, but more funnel-shaped, with a characteristic swelling in the posterior third. In females, Sagarriella differs from Lerautia in the cup-shaped antrum (Fig. 40q), which is wide and sclerotized in Lerautia (Fig. 40p). The ductus bursae is very broad and membranous in Lerautia (Fig. 40r), whereas in Sagarriella it is thin and partially sclerotized (Fig. 40s). The cervix bursae of Lerautia is voluminous and partially sclerotized (Fig. 40t), unlike Sagarriella in which it is thinner and longer (Fig. 40e).</p> <p>Description. Imago. Small or medium size, head and thorax small, covered with scales, eyes large, palps short, proboscis of male short and functional; antenna of male bipectinate, thin and moderately long; that of female filiform. Foreleg tibia with a short spur. Forewings long, narrow and apically pointed, with a more or less marked golden orange ochre suffusion. Hindwings wide, tip acute, termen slightly concave towards tip; brown ochre in colour, submarginal zone with a fine golden orange tint. Females usually of smaller wingspan, with narrower, apically more pointed wings and paler colour. Male genitalia. Uncus tubular and lanceolate, with pointed tip; valvae rectangular, with a pointed apical cucullus and a subapical triangular process, giving the tip of the valva the appearance of a “crab claw”. Aedeagus cylindrical with a coecum slightly pointed, posterior end with a large number of small thorn-like cornuti. Female genitalia. Great disproportion of the ninth and eighth abdominal segments when compared to the rest of the genital structure, especially the bursa, which is considerably minor; ductus bursae short, strongly esclerotized; bursa membraneous (Table 1).</p> <p>Derivatio nominis. We dedicate the genus to the eminent entomologist Ignasi de Sagarra, the former curator of the Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona (MCNB) and author of the type species of the new genus.</p> <p>Taxa included.</p> <p>Sagarriella libyssa (Püngeler, 1907) comb. nov. (not in the studied area)</p> <p>Sagarriella libyssa caligans (Turati, 1907) comb. nov.</p> <p>Sagarriella libyssa liouvillei (Le Cerf, 1928) comb. nov. (not in the studied area, but analysed)</p> <p>Sagarriella romei (Sagarra, 1924) comb. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F3D1C21FF5062C47FD33CFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F3A1C20FF5062C47FA93837.text	E0580B3F9F3A1C20FF5062C47FA93837.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sagarriella libyssa subsp. caligans (Turati 1907) Macià & Mally & Ylla & Gastón & Huertas 2019	<div><p>Sagarriella libyssa caligans (Turati, 1907) comb. nov.</p> <p>Original combination: Coscinia caligans Turati, 1907. Il Naturalista siciliano, 20 (2), 45.</p> <p>LT. Sicily (Italy)</p> <p>Material studied. 7♂♂, 6♀♀ Bronte, Etna, Sicilia (Italy), 1750 m, 20.VIII.2009, Nardelli leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀ Mischlif- fen, Middle Atlas (Marroc), 1950 m, 10.V.2000, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2♂♂ Ifrane, Middle Atlas (Marroc), 1600 m, 4.V.2000, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Very similar to S. romei, from which it is distinguished by the larger size and the paler forewings of the imagines. Females are usually considerably smaller than males. The male genitalia differ in the uncus, which tapers evenly towards the tip (uncus slightly widened medially in S. romei), and in the broader valvae, which have a smaller apical cleft. In the female genitalia, the basal part of ductus seminalis is strongly sclerotized where it meets the ductus bursae, whereas in S. romei the ductus seminalis is entirely membranous; two small circular signa present in the bursa, which are absent in S. romei. Sagarriella libyssa from Sicily has very dark forms and lacks the ochreorange diffusion on the underside which is typical of S. romei.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 13–16). Average wingspan (males) 35.5 mm (n = 6; 33–38 mm); (females) 29.8 mm (n = 6; 27–34). Wings of male brown, somewhat darkening towards the tips; forewings with a black costa and a black discal mark consisting of two spots, one below the other; forewings of female beige, with black costal streak and a single discal spot; hindwings light brown, somewhat narrower than in males.</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 35). In the male genitalia, the valvae have a triangular, apically tapered protuberance in the costal (ventral) margin.Aedeagus with a roundly pointed coecum, and posteriorly a set of numerous short spinules (cornuti). Female genitalia with a short and wide highly sclerotized ductus bursae; ductus seminalis emerging laterally from the anterior ductus bursae as a short, strongly sclerotized tube, remainder of ductus seminalis membranous.</p> <p>Immature stages. Studied in great detail by Nardelli (2010).</p> <p>Molecular data. The DNA barcode sequences of the two investigated specimens differs by 2.81% uncorrected p-distance. This is a relatively large intraspecific genetic difference compared to that in the sister species S. romei. This large genetic distance might be due to the geographic distance of the two sampled specimens, one being from Sicily and the other from the Atlas Mountains in Northern Morocco. Sagariella romei is also the nearest Barcode neighbour with 5.62–6.26%. GenBank accession numbers of the two partial COI sequences are MH688110 and MH688111 (see also Table 2).</p> <p>Sequencing of the nuclear wingless gene was not successful.</p> <p>In the phylogenetic results, S. libyssa is strongly supported as monophyletic (1.00 PP, 99% BS), and strongly (1.00 PP) to moderately (83% BS) supported as sister to the congeneric S. romei. Together with Coscinia and Spiris, Sagarriella forms a tritomy in the phylogenetic results, but this tritomy is not supported by posterior probabilities or Bootstrap values.</p> <p>Biology. Univoltine species, on the wing from early September to mid-October, flying at altitudes between 800–1700 m. The larvae feed on different low plants, including Senecio squalidus L., Cyperus rotundus L. and Oryzopsis miliacea Asch &amp; Graebn. In captivity they accept Poaceae (Poa annua L.) (personal observation, RMV and Nardelli (2010)).</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 57). In Western Europe, only present in Sicily (Italy) as S. libyssa caligans (Turati, 1907). Sagarriella libyssa libyssa was described from Algeria, and the species is also present in Morocco as S. libyssa liouvillei (Le Cerf, 1928). The females of subspecies caligans are fully winged, as in those of subspecies libyssa from North Africa, in coastal areas from Morocco to Libya, but in subspecies liouvillei that lives in mountain areas from Morocco to Algeria they are brachypterous (Nardelli, 2010). This fact should be taken in consideration to establish the systematic relationship between them.</p> <p>Remarks. Nardelli (2010) found obvious morphological differences between the aedeagus of the North African and Sicilian populations, pointing out that they may well be two different species. This hypothesis is not corroborated in the present work by the study of their DNA.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F3A1C20FF5062C47FA93837	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F3B1C22FF5066817CDD3DB6.text	E0580B3F9F3B1C22FF5066817CDD3DB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sagarriella romei (Sagarra 1924) Macià & Mally & Ylla & Gastón & Huertas 2019	<div><p>Sagarriella romei (Sagarra, 1924) comb. nov.</p> <p>Original combination: Coscinia romei Sagarra, 1924. Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d´Història Natural, 2ª Sèrie. 4 (9), 195. LT. Albarracín (Spain)</p> <p>= Coscinia romeii melanopterina Fernández, 1933.</p> <p>Studied material. 4♂♂ Val de Falcones, La Retuerta (Zaragoza), 390 m, 30TYL39, 19.IX.2014, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Casla (Segovia), 7.IX.2007, V. Redondo leg.; 2♂♂ Barranco El Espartal, Baza (Granada) 770 m, 29.IX.1996, Pérez- López leg.; 1♂, 1♀ La Losilla, Albarracín (Teruel) 12.IX.1993, F. Blat leg.; 1♂ Huelamo (Cuenca), 25.IX.1981, F. Blat leg.; 1♂ Aranjuez (Madrid), 24.IX.1966, Gómez-Bustillo leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Imago distinguished from S. libyssa by the golden orange-ochre forewing upperside, sprinkled with black dots, and that of the hindwing, which fades from pale orange to dark-brown in males and from pale yellow to brown in females. The male genitalia of S. romei differ from those of S. libyssa in the medially slightly widened uncus, the roundly convex dorsal valva edge (obtuse angle in central dorsal valva margin in S. libyssa), the wider opening between cucullus and subapical process on the ventral edge of the valva, the evenly rounded coecum of the aedeagus, and in the female genitalia by the absence of distinct signa and a fully membranous ductus seminalis.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 17–18). Average wingspan (males) 25.6 mm (n = 10; 23–29 mm); (females) 19.6 (n = 10; 16–22). Upper surface of forewings golden orange-ochre, dusted with a scattering of fine black dots over the entire surface, more densely on the central part of the costa. Upper surface of hindwings in males pale orange, fading into dark brown towards tip and termen; in females costal area brown, fading into pale yellow towards dorsum. Considerable sexual dimorphism, females having a more voluminous abdomen and narrower, apically more pointed wings.</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 36). Valvae of male genitalia apically with a strongly pointed, hook-shaped cucullus, and with a triangular process subapically on the ventral edge; cucullus and subapical process together giving the impression of a “crab claw”. Aedeagus cylindrical with an evenly rounded coecum; numerous small spinules (cornuti) on the vesica in the posterior end. In the female genitalia, the papillae anales and segment VIII are relatively large in comparison with the copulatory tract. Ductus bursae short, with a T- or Y-shaped sclerite along the ventral side; ductus seminalis membranous; bursa copulatrix membranous apart from a few diffuse sclerotisations.</p> <p>Immature stages (Fig. 49). Last instar larva measures 16–20 mm. Head capsule dark brown. Dorsal area up to verruca L1 dark brown, then up to verruca L3 brown to dark orange. Dorsal central area with a narrow white line; ventral surface light brown to light grey; verruca D1, D2, SD1, L1, L2, L3 dark brown; thoracic legs with translucent femur, straw-coloured tibia, dark brown tarsus and light brown nail; abdominal prolegs with 9 to 10 larger nails. Pupa bright reddish brown that of male straight, that of female slightly tilted ventrally; antennae not touching distally, tips of pterothecae touching in a curved way.</p> <p>Molecular data. Intraspecific uncorrected p-distances of the COI Barcode sequences range from 0% to 0.22%, with a mean of 0.11% (n = 4). The nearest interspecific neighbour is S. libyssa, with an uncorrected p-distance of 5.62–6.26%. GenBank accession numbers of the four partial COI sequences are MH688112 – MH688115 (see also Table 2).</p> <p>Sequencing of the nuclear wingless gene was successful with two samples, which have identical nucleotide sequences. The minimum interspecific p-distance is 2.39% to S. striata and S. bipunctata; comparison of wingless sequences with S. libyssa was not possible as sequencing of this marker was not successful in this taxon. GenBank accession numbers of the two partial wingless sequences are MH688151 and MH688152.</p> <p>In the phylogenetic results, S. romei is strongly supported as monophyletic (1.00 PP, 100% BS), and strongly (1.00 PP) to moderately (83% BS) supported sister to the congeneric S. libyssa.</p> <p>Biology. Univoltine, imagines flying in a single extended generation from late August to mid-October, depending on the locality. The males are active during the day and especially before twilight. Both sexes are attracted at night to artificial light. The females are incapable of long flights due to their bulky abdomen and their relatively small wing surface, so they tend to remain perched on the stems of grasses. The larvae feed on different species of Stipa (Poaceae), and possibly also on Lavandula and Rosmarinus (Lamiaceae) (Ylla et al. 2010). Additional data on the biology can be found in García-Barros (1992).</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 58). Endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, typical of steppe arid zones, at altitudes between 200 and 1200 m. Sagarriella romei seems to prefer stony localities in sunny open places rich in Quercus coccifera, Juniperus sabina, Thymus and Rosmarinus (Ylla et al. 2010).</p> <p>Remarks. The correct spelling of the species epithet is romei (with a single i), and not romeii (with double-i). (= romeii; sensu auct.)</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F3B1C22FF5066817CDD3DB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F391C22FF5064007CA739EF.text	E0580B3F9F391C22FF5064007CA739EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiris Hubner 1819	<div><p>Spiris Hübner, [1819]</p> <p>Type species: Phalaena grammica Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy. (Fig. 43)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Distinct from Coscinia, Sagarriella and Lerautia in the presence of a clavus on the basal part of the valva and the absence of sclerotisations in the bursa. Distinct from Coscinia and Sagarriella in the broad, stout tip of the uncus and the large transverse oval sclerotized plate on the lamella antevaginalis. Further distinct from Sagarriella in the U-shaped saccus, and from Coscinia in the absence of a sclerotized spiny band traversing the bursa.</p> <p>Description. Imago. Species of medium size. Head, eyes and thorax small, ocelli present and located on the vertex, palps short, proboscis of male long and functional; antenna of male bipectinate, filiform in female. Frons covered with rough hairs, thorax and abdomen covered with uniform scales. Foreleg tibia with a long and thin spur. Forewings long and narrow with pointed tip, yellow in male, those of female beige; forewings with black streaks, most of which follow the course of the wing veins, in the postmedian area reversed, with the interneural areas black (maculation less prominent in female); hindwings broad, tip acute and with a slightly concave outer margin; with an arched discal stigma and a brown band along costa and outer margin. Females usually with larger wingspan, broader wings, and paler in colour. Male genitalia. Strongly sclerotized with elongate, rectangular valvae, slightly curved ventrally; cucullus with a more or less straight apical margin and a number of protruding thorns; dorsal base of valva with a prominent clavus protruding as an elongate tapering lobe (autapomorphy).Aedeagus long and slender; vesica with numerous thorn-like cornuti. Female genitalia. Lamella antevaginalis sclerotized, forming a large transverse oval plate. Ductus bursae, ductus seminalis and bursa copulatrix small and membranous, bursa without signum (Table 1).</p> <p>Taxa included.</p> <p>Spiris bipunctata (Staudinger, 1892) (not in the studied area)</p> <p>Spiris slovenica (Daniel, 1939)</p> <p>Spiris striata (Linnaeus, 1758)</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F391C22FF5064007CA739EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F361C2CFF5060B87C753BEA.text	E0580B3F9F361C2CFF5060B87C753BEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiris striata (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Spiris striata (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Original combination: Phalaena Bombyx striata Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae (Edn 10) 1, 502</p> <p>LT. Germany</p> <p>= Bombyx melanoptera Brahm, 1791.</p> <p>= Coscinia striata hospitali Marten, 1948.</p> <p>Material studied. 1♂ El Masegar, Moscardón (Teruel), 1450 m. 30TXK26, 22.VII.2015, R. Macià leg.; 2♂♂ Coll d´Hueres, Collsuspina (Barcelona), 936 m, 31TDG32, 8.IX.2004, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Caneján, Val d´Aran (Lleida), 940 m, 31TCH14, 7.VII.2016, R. Macià leg.; 1♂ Villabasil (Burgos) 735 m, 29.VII.1992, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2♂♂ El Cerro, Gredilla la Polera (Burgos), 939 m, 30TVN40, 13. VI.2011, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2♀♀ El Cerro, Gredilla la Polera (Burgos), 939 m, 30TVN40, 13. VI.2011, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 1♂ Paterna del Madera (Al- bacete), 1300 m, 4. VI.1997, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 1♀ Candelario (Salamanca), 10. VI.2001, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 1♂ Candelario (Salamanca), 28.VII.2001, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2♂♂ f. hospitali, Sierra Nevada (Granada) 2800 m, 12.VII.1991, R. Macià leg.; 1♂, 1♀ Abejar (Sória), 11.VII.1995, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀ Col de Menée, Isère (France), 1457 m, 14.VII.1994, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Imagines of S. striata are indistinguishable from those of S. slovenica on external characters. In the male genitalia of S. striata, the cucullus is straight, with the ventral edge concave and the dorsal edge slightly convex, the large ventral thorn on the tip of the cucullus is short and points in a distoventral direction; clavus narrowly conical, with a broad triangular basal half and a tubular, evenly broad apical half ending in a rounded tip with small spines.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 19–22). Average wingspan 33.46 mm (n = 15; 27–42 mm.). Wing maculation as described for the genus. The pattern of black streaks in forewings of the male is hardly ever present in females. There are some examples of melanic forms with the upperside of the hindwing black, known as f. melanoptera (Ylla et al. 2010).</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 37). Male genitalia with short uncus, the base with several long simple setae, central part somewhat constricted, apex ending in a blunt broad edge; tegumen and vinculum broad, rounded semi-circular; juxta large, oval, with a central longitudinal strip of weaker sclerotisation; valvae strongly sclerotized, elongate rectangular, straight and distally slightly bent ventrad, dorsal apical thorn most prominent, pointing distad, ventral apical thorn short with broad base; dorsal base of valva with prominent dorsally directed elongate conical clavus with an evenly rounded spiny tip. Female genitalia as for the genus. It is not possible distinguish females of S. striata and S. slovenica on genitalia.</p> <p>Immature stages (Fig. 50). Last instar larvae measure 20–23 mm in length. Head capsule dark brown. Dark dorsal area extending down to the spiracles and to a narrow orange lateral line; lateral sides whitish with black spots from the spiracle to verruca L2; the area between L2 and L3 dark grey; ventral surface light brown; verruca D1, D2, SD1 dark; L1, L2, L3 whitish; thoracic legs with a light brown femur, tibia, tarsus and dark brown nail; 12 to 13 large nails on the abdominal prolegs. Pupa dark reddish brown; pupa of male erect, that of female slightly tilted ventrad; antennae not touching distally, tips of pterothecae touching broadly in females, less so in males.</p> <p>Molecular data. Intraspecific uncorrected p-distances of the COI Barcode sequences are 0–1.51%, with a mean of 0.20% (n = 17). The nearest interspecific distance is 3.89% to S. slovenica. The p-distances to S. bipunctata are 4.75–5.83% (see also Table 3). GenBank accession numbers of the four partial COI sequences that are sequenced in this study are MH688116 – MH688119 (see also Table 2); the other 13 Barcodes are publicly available on the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). In BOLD, S. striata is represented by BIN AAJ5576.</p> <p>Uncorrected p-distances of S. striata wingless sequences are 0–0.30% (n = 3). The 21 st amino acid in the wingless sequence differs in the third codon position for one of the three specimens by having GTC instead of GTT; both codons code for Valin. The only available wingless sequence for S. bipunctata is identical to the S. striata wingless allele with the GTC codon. Comparison with wingless sequences of S. slovenica was not possible. GenBank accession numbers of the three partial wingless sequences are MH688153 – MH688155.</p> <p>In the phylogenetic results, S. striata is strongly supported as monophyletic (1.00 PP, 100% BS), and is poorly supported sister (59% BS, PP&lt;0.90) to the congeneric S. slovenica. Together, both species form the sister clade to S. bipunctata, a relationship that is well-supported in both Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses (1.00 PP, 99% BS). Together with Coscinia and Sagarriella, Spiris forms an (unsupported) tritomy in the consensus phylogram (Fig. 62).</p> <p>Biology. Bivoltine at low altitudes, flying in a first generation from May to June and in a second one from August to September. At higher altitudes, the species is univoltine, flying from mid-June to August. It prefers dry and sunny meadows but can occur in almost any kind of biotope between sea level and 2500 m above sea level. Both sexes are active both by day and at night and are attracted to artificial light. Larvae feed on a great variety of plant species including Calluna, Festuca, Cichorium, Hieracium, Cytisus, Artemisia, Lamium, Prunus, Genista, Urtica, Sarothamnus, Galium, Salvia, Plantago, Fraxinus, Rumex and Oxalis (Ylla et al. 2010).</p> <p>Distribution. (Fig. 59) Present in most of Europe and widespread in large areas, absent on the Atlantic coast of southern Spain and Portugal, in the British Isles and the Baltic areas. Outside Europe, it is present in Asia Minor, East and West Turkestan, Siberia (Yakutia, Transbaikalia) and in the Chinese Altai at the Far East of Russia (Witt &amp; Ronkay 2011).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F361C2CFF5060B87C753BEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F371C2FFF5065F478DE399B.text	E0580B3F9F371C2FFF5065F478DE399B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiris slovenica (Daniel 1939)	<div><p>Spiris slovenica (Daniel, 1939)</p> <p>Original combination: Coscinia striata slovenica Daniel, 1939. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 29, 356.</p> <p>LT. Triglav-Gebiet [Slovenia].</p> <p>Material studied. 2♂♂, 1♀ Crni Kal, Petrinje (Slovenia), 450 m. 22. VI.1991, Dunan leg.; 1♂, Crni Kal, Petrinje (Slovenia), 420 m, 8. VI.1993, Stanta leg.; 1♀ Vipavska Dolina, Miren (Slovenia) 150 m, 18. VI.1993, Stanta leg.; 1♂ Goriski Kras, Opatje (Slovenia), 150 m, 8.VII.1989, Stanta leg.; 1♂, 1♀ Vivaro, Udine, Venezia Giulia (Italy), 138 m, 18.VII.2013, Czadek leg.; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ Pazin, melanoptera form, Istrie (Kroatia), 250 m., 25. VI.1992, Krénck leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Spiris slovenica cannot be distinguished from S. striata on external characters of the imagines, and the genitalia have to be investigated. In the male genitalia of S. slovenica which have been studied, the cucullus is bent ventrad, and in particular, the large ventral thorn on the tip of the cucullus is strongly bent, forming a hook; clavus trapezoidal, with ventral margin entirely straight, dorsal margin parallel to ventral margin for half-length of clavus, in apical half evenly tapered towards the rounded, spiny tip (but see Remarks below). As in S. striata, some melanic forms are known.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 23–26). Average wingspan 35.4 mm (n = 10; 28–42 mm). Wing maculation as described for the genus.</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 38). Male genitalia with short uncus, base with several long simple setae, central part somewhat constricted, tip blunt and broad; tegumen and vinculum broad, rounded semi-circular; juxta large oval, with a central longitudinal strip of weaker sclerotisation; valvae elongate rectangular, strongly sclerotized, apically bent ventrad, ventral apical thorn bent ventrad to form a short hook, dorsal base of valva with prominent dorsally directed trapezoid clavus. Female genitalia as for the genus.</p> <p>Immature stages. Not studied.</p> <p>Molecular data. The publicly available DNA Barcode data of S. slovenica allow the inclusion of this species in our phylogenetic analysis. Intraspecific uncorrected p-distances are 0–1.51%, with a mean of 1.05% (n = 6). The nearest interspecific p-distance is 3.89% to S. striata. Spiris bipunctata has a p-distance of 4.10–4.75% to S. slovenica. In the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD), S. slovenica is represented by BIN AAL9555. Sequence data on the nuclear wingless gene are not available.</p> <p>In the phylogenetic results, S. slovenica is strongly supported as monophyletic (1.00 PP, 100% BS) and poorly supported as sister (59% BS, PP&lt;0.90) to S. striata (Fig. 62).</p> <p>Biology. Univoltine, flying from June to July, showing preference for xerothermic steppe areas; diurnal. Larvae are polyphagous on a wide variety of plant species (Witt &amp; Ronkay 2011).</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 60). According to Witt &amp; Ronkay (2011), S. slovenica is endemic to the Julian Alps and the north-western mountainous area of Slovenia and Croatia. Huemer (2012) indicates that the actual distribution range might be much wider, and he gives confirmed records from southern Carinthia (Austria), and from the Italian regions of Trentino-Alto Adige to Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as from Lazio and Apulia.</p> <p>Remarks. In Italy, there seems to be an extraordinary variability in the genitalic morphology between different populations. The dissection of some scattered specimens gives astonishing results as if in Italy would exist up to five completely different sympatric species of Spiris (Alberto Zilli, pers. comm.). The authors, after the dissection of a great number of Iberian and French Spiris, have been unable to find the existence of the same genitalic variability.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F371C2FFF5065F478DE399B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F351C2EFF5060B97EF73C6B.text	E0580B3F9F351C2EFF5060B97EF73C6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lerautia Kemal & Kocak 2006	<div><p>Lerautia Kemal &amp; Koçak, 2006, stat. rev.</p> <p>Type species: Lithosia bifasciata Rambur, 1832, Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (1) 1, 270. (Fig. 44)</p> <p>= Eucoscinia Leraut, 1993, (junior homonym).</p> <p>= Leurautia Kemal &amp; Koçak, 2006, (misspelling).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Distinct from Coscinia, Spiris and Sagarriella in the rectangular valvae, the transverse constriction of the bursa and the broad posterior ductus bursae with strong sclerotisation in the ostium area. Distinct from Coscinia and Sagarriella in the stout tip of the uncus. Further distinct from Sagarriella in the U-shaped saccus, distinct from Coscinia in the cleft tip of the valva and the absence of a sclerotized spiny band traversing the bursa, and distinct from Spiris in the absence of a clavus on the base of the valva (Table 1).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F351C2EFF5060B97EF73C6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
E0580B3F9F351C28FF5062C97EAF3C8E.text	E0580B3F9F351C28FF5062C97EAF3C8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lerautia bifasciata (Rambur 1832)	<div><p>Lerautia bifasciata (Rambur, 1832) comb. rev.</p> <p>Original combination: Lithosia bifasciata Rambur, 1832. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (1) 1, 270.</p> <p>LT. Corsica (France).</p> <p>= Euprepia cribraria bifasciata Rothschild, 1910.</p> <p>Material studied. 1♂ Sardegna (Italy), R. Macià col.; 2♂♂ Marina di Arbus, Sardegna (Italy), 50 m, 29.VII.1981, R. Macià col.; 1♂, 1♀ Lecci, (France), 12.VI.2004, Longin leg.; 1♂, 1♀ Foret Altone, Evisa, Corsica (France), 1200 m, 12.VII.2002, R. Macià &amp; J. Ylla leg.; 3♂♂ Piana, Arone, Corsica (France), 220 m, 10.VIII.2002, Choimet leg.; 2♂♂ La Piana, Corsica (France), 21.VIII.2002, Choimet leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Lerautia bifasciata has a certain resemblance to Coscinia mariarosae and C. cribraria, from which it differs in the forewing pattern by the absence of the median strip and presence of a very marked line on the inner margin.</p> <p>Description. Imago (Figs 27–28). Average wingspan 30.53 mm (n = 15; 25–35 mm). Head and thorax large, eyes large, palps relatively long and proboscis functional, moderately long. Antenna of male medium-long bipectinate that of female filiform, thorax and abdomen covered with uniform scales. Foreleg tibia with a long and thin spur, forewings long, narrow, tip acute; hindwings broad, with a slightly concave outer margin. Females slightly larger and of a paler colour.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Fig. 39). Uncus tubular with the form of a mace or spatula; valvae rectangular, elongated, with a pointed and rounded cucullus and a large upper process topped with a rounded tip that gives the valva the resemblance of a hump; saccus rounded, transtilla densely spiny. Aedeagus with pointed and rounded coecum, and at the other end a peculiar bulbous shape, filled with a considerable number of medium sized cornuti, highly sclerotized. Female genitalia. Lamella antevaginalis highly sclerotized, broadly rectangular; ductus bursae membranous, short and wide; bursa medially constricted, but without spiral crown (as in Coscinia); bursa with two visible signa.</p> <p>Immature stages. Not studied.</p> <p>Molecular data. The two genetically investigated specimens differ by 3.24% from each other. The two specimens were collected on different islands, one on Corsica (ZMBN Lep489) and the other on Sardinia (ZMBN Lep503). The closest uncorrected p-distance is 7.34% to a specimen of C. chrysocephala. Sequencing of the nuclear wingless gene was not successful, most likely because of the age of the specimens (13–15 years).</p> <p>Lerautia bifasciata is strongly supported (1.00 PP, 100% BS) and sister to an unsupported clade containing all other genetically investigated species.</p> <p>Biology. Bivoltine, flying from May to August. The two sexes are nocturnal and are attracted to artificial light. The species prefers karstic areas at intermediate to high altitudes. The larvae are polyphagous on a wide variety of plant species (Witt &amp; Ronkay 2011).</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 61). Endemic to the islands of Corsica and Sardinia.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F351C28FF5062C97EAF3C8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Macià, Ramon;Mally, Richard;Ylla, Josep;Gastón, Javier;Huertas, Manuel	Macià, Ramon, Mally, Richard, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel (2019): Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401-449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1
