identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E72171660F6544332432D436C52EA231.text	E72171660F6544332432D436C52EA231.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xorides Latreille 1809	<div><p>Genus Xorides Latreille, 1809</p> <p>Xorides Latreille, 1809: 4.</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Ichneumon indicatorius Latreille, 1806.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Mandible unidentate (Figs 21–22). Subapical portion of female flagellum elbowed or bent, on the outer profile of the elbow or bend several “peg-like bristles” (Figs 13, 25). Epomia usually strong, dorsally projecting sharply as a tooth (Fig. 26). Fore wing with areolet absent. Front tibia usually thickened. Tarsal claws small, simple. Area superomedia of propodeum (Figs 16, 28) usually complete, hexagonal, or pentagonal. Second tergite with paired oblique baso-lateral grooves (Fig. 18). Lower valve of ovipositor with several almost vertical to distinctly oblique ridges.</p> <p>Females of Xorides have more or less well-developed fore and mid tibial swellings, often accompanied by grooves, which are associated with enlarged subgenual organs used for detecting vibrations; the adult females are thought to detect hosts through vibrational sounding, tapping the wood with the antennal pegs (which are solid cuticle) and detecting potential hosts in galleries or tunnels via differences in the returning ‘echoes’ (Broad &amp; Quicke 2000).</p> <p>Key to the species of Xorides known from China</p> <p>1. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a opposite or distal to M&amp;RS. Distance between 2rs-m and 2m-cu usually longer than 2rs-m, or 2rs-m almost obliterated................................................................................ 2</p> <p>– Fore wing with vein 1cu-a distinctly basal to M&amp;RS. Distance between 2rs-m and 2m-cu shorter than 2rs-m....................................................................................................................................... 39</p> <p>2. Anterior profile of fore trochantellus without tooth......................................................................... 3</p> <p>– Anterior profile of fore trochantellus with distinct tooth................................................................ 32</p> <p>3. Females............................................................................................................................................. 4</p> <p>– Males............................................................................................................................................... 22</p> <p>4. Mesosoma and tergites black, without white or yellowish white flecks..............................................5</p> <p>– Mesosoma and/or tergites with distinct white or yellowish white flecks, or tergites 1 and 2 red.....11</p> <p>5. Occipital carina absent dorsomedially.............................................................................................. 6</p> <p>– Occipital carina complete................................................................................................................. 9</p> <p>6. Area basalis separated from area superomedia by distinct carina. First tergite approximately 3.6 × as long as posterior width.............................................................. X. longicaudus Sheng &amp; Wen, 2008</p> <p>– Area basalis and area superomedia confluent, without carina between them. First tergite at most 2.5 × as long as posterior width........................................................................................................ 7</p> <p>7. Ovipositor sheath approximately 0.6–0.7 × as long as fore wing. Fore wing with dark spot under pterostigma....................................................................................... X. furcatus Liu &amp; Sheng, 1998</p> <p>– Ovipositor sheath at least as long as fore wing. Fore wing without dark spot................................. 8</p> <p>8. Malar space as long as basal width of mandible. First tergite 2.4× as long as posterior width; latero-median carinae strong. Frontal orbit black.................................... X. erigentis Wang &amp; Gupta, 1995</p> <p>– Malar space at most 0.8× as long as basal width of mandible. First tergite 3.1 × as long as posterior width; latero-median carinae absent. Frontal orbit white........................ X. deplanatus Sheng, 2006</p> <p>9. Labial palp with apical 3 segments short and very thick; median portion of apical segment strongly subspherically swollen dorsally, apical portion very small and acute. Propodeum with area superomedia and area petiolaris confluent....................................... X. tumidus Sheng &amp; Wen, 2008</p> <p>– Labial palp unspecialized. Propodeum with area superomedia separated from area petiolaris by carina............................................................................................................................................... 10</p> <p>10. Fore and mid tibiae noticeably stout, clavate. Area externa of propodeum with oblique longitudinal wrinkles. Lateral carinae of area basalis combined posteriorly as a median longitudinal carina............................................................................................................... X. pissodius Sheng &amp; Wen, 2008</p> <p>– Fore and mid tibiae unspecialized, not noticeably stout and clavate. Area externa of propodeum (Fig. 28) irregularly reticulate. Lateral carinae of area basalis not combined posteriorly as a median longitudinal carina................................................... X. kuandianense Sheng, Broad &amp; Sun sp. nov.</p> <p>11. Latero-median carinae of first tergite reaching posterior margin................................................... 12</p> <p>– Latero-median carinae of first tergite not reaching posterior margin, usually reaching mid-length of tergite.............................................................................................................................................. 16</p> <p>12. Mesosoma and tergites usually with yellowish white and red flecks. Antenna with flagellomeres 10–11 (12) white............................................................................ X. praecatorius (Fabricius, 1793)</p> <p>– Mesosoma without white flecks. Posterolateral portions of tergites 4–6 often distinctly white or yellow. Antenna with at least four flagellomeres white.................................................................. 13</p> <p>13. Outer profile of hind tibia with strong spines. Tergites black, posterior margins of tergites 2–6 yellow................................................................................. X. nigrimaculatus Zong &amp; Sheng, 2009</p> <p>– Outer profile of hind tibia without spines. Anterior tergites red, or posterolateral portions of tergites 4–6 white........................................................................................................................................ 14</p> <p>14. Tergites 4–6 without white flecks. Anterior tergites red............... X. sepulchralis (Holmgren, 1860)</p> <p>– Tergites 4–6 with large white postero-lateral flecks. Anterior tergites black or red....................... 15</p> <p>15. Propodeum (Fig. 1), and mesopleuron (Fig. 3) tergite 1 red.................................................................................................................................................... X. cinnabarius Sheng &amp; Hilszczański, 2009</p> <p>– Mesosoma, propodeum and tergite 1 black....................................... X. sapporensis (Uchida, 1928)</p> <p>16. Frons with dense transverse wrinkles. Fore wing with dark spot beneath pterostigma. Tergites 1–2 red........................................................................................................ X. irrigator (Fabricius, 1793)</p> <p>– Frons with fine punctures, without wrinkles. Fore wing without dark spot. Tergites with different colour pattern.................................................................................................................................. 17</p> <p>17. Clypeus without wrinkles. Tergites with or without yellow spots, anterior tergites black............. 18</p> <p>– Clypeus (Fig. 2) with dense transverse wrinkles. Tergites with yellow spots, or anterior tergites red......................................................................................................................................................... 21</p> <p>18. Antenna with white or yellowish white ring. Subposterior tergites with wide white spots........... 19</p> <p>– Antenna without white or yellowish ring. Tergites without white spots........................................ 20</p> <p>19. Head, mesosoma and tergites 1–2 with large white spots. At least proximal half of hind coxa red. Hind femur with at least proximal 0.7 reddish brown, distally black.................................................................................................................................................... X. centromaculatus Cushman, 1933</p> <p>– Head, mesosoma and tergites 1–2 and hind coxa entirely black. Proximal half of hind femur almost entirely black, distally brown..................................................................... X. benxicus Sheng, 2012</p> <p>20. Hind wing vein 1-cu longer than cu-a. Lateral portion of face widely white. Gena almost entirely red. Tergite 1 partly brownish red........................................... X. brachylabis (Kriechbaumer, 1889)</p> <p>– Hind wing vein 1-cu shorter than cu-a. Face and gena more or less entirely black, at least without distinct white spots. Tergite 1 almost entirely black............................... X. ater (Gravenhorst, 1829)</p> <p>21. Malar space 0.9× as long as basal width of mandible. Tergite 1 1.6× as long as posterior width. Mesopleuron (Fig. 4) with dense punctures and gray setae. Tergites 1–3 red to darkish red; tergites 4–6 largely white posterolaterally....................................... X. asiasius Sheng &amp; Hilszczański, 2009</p> <p>– Malar space 0.5 × as long as basal width of mandible. Mesopleuron smooth, lower portion with weak punctures. Tergite 1 1.2 × as long as posterior width. Tergites 1 laterally and subsequent tergites posteriorly yellow........................................................................... X. asperus Wang &amp; Gupta, 1995</p> <p>22. Pterostigma short and wide, 3.0× as long as wide......................................................................... 23</p> <p>– Pterostigma narrow and elongate, at least 4.0× as long as wide.................................................... 28</p> <p>23. Flagellomeres with long setae, which at least as long as or longer than diameter of flagellomere............................................................................................................................................................. 24</p> <p>– Flagellomeres with shorter setae, which are distinctly shorter than diameter of flagellomere....... 26</p> <p>24. Area basalis of propodeum rectangular, 0.6 × as long as area superomedia. Fore and mid tibiae brown to yellowish brown. Eye orbits white........................................ X. hirtus Liu &amp; Sheng, 1998</p> <p>– Area basalis of propodeum triangular, 0.9× as long as area superomedia. Fore and mid tibiae brownish black. Eye orbits different coloration.............................................................................. 25</p> <p>25. Area basalis of propodeum trapezoidal, lateral longitudinal carinae not combined; costula connecting with area superomedia before its middle. Apical portion of each flagellomere not swollen, setae approximately as long as width of flagellomere................................ X. sapporensis (Uchida, 1928)</p> <p>– Area basalis of propodeum triangular, posterior portion of lateral longitudinal carinae combined; costula connecting with area superomedia at its middle. Apical portion of each flagellomere swollen, with setae approximately 3.5× as long as width of flagellomere............... X. benxicus Sheng, 2012</p> <p>26. Mesosoma and tergites black......................................................... X. praecatorius (Fabricius, 1793)</p> <p>– Mesosoma and tergites at least partly red....................................................................................... 27</p> <p>27. Mesosoma black. Tergites 1–2 red....................................................... X. irrigator (Fabricius, 1793)</p> <p>– Mesosoma laterally and propodeum at least partly red. Tergites 1–2 black, or posterior margin of tergite 1 slightly red..................................................... X. cinnabarius Sheng &amp; Hilszczański, 2009</p> <p>28. Latero-median carina of tergite 1 complete, reaching posterior margin of tergite......................... 29</p> <p>– Latero-median carina of tergite 1 at most reaching to 0.6 of tergite............................................... 30</p> <p>29. Antenna with white ring. Dorsomedian portion of occipital carina absent............................................................................................................................................... X. sepulchralis (Holmgren, 1860)</p> <p>– Antenna without white ring. Occipital carina complete........... X. centromaculatus Cushman, 1933</p> <p>30. Face entirely black.......................................................................... X. aculeatus Liu &amp; Sheng, 1998</p> <p>– Face at least partly white................................................................................................................ 31</p> <p>31. Face entirely white.................................................................. X. brachylabis (Kriechbaumer, 1889)</p> <p>– Face with mostly black........................................................................... X. ater (Gravenhorst, 1829)</p> <p>32. Tergite 1 at least 3.5 × as long as posterior width........................................................................... 38</p> <p>– Tergite 1 at most 3.2× as long as posterior width........................................................................... 33</p> <p>33. Antenna with 23–24 flagellomeres. Malar space as long as basal width of mandible. Ovipositor sheath about as long as body. Tergites 1–2 and anterior half of tergite 3 brown............................................................................................................................................... X. tuqiangensis Sheng, 1998</p> <p>– Antenna with at least 28 flagellomeres. Other characters different................................................ 34</p> <p>34. Propodeum usually without lateral longitudinal carina, if lateral longitudinal carina present anteriorly, then body very long and slender..................................................................................................... 35</p> <p>– Propodeum at least between anterior edge and spiracle with distinct lateral longitudinal carina. Body stout.................................................................................................... X. hiatus Wang &amp; Gupta, 1995</p> <p>35. Body stout. Tergite 5 (Fig. 5) particularly short as narrow transverse margin. Antenna with white ring. Hind femur black.................................................................................................................... 36</p> <p>– Body very slender. Tergite 5 (Fig. 6) not particularly short, approximately 0.35 × as long as posterior width. Antenna without white ring. Hind femur dark brown......................................................... 37</p> <p>36. Occipital carina complete. Lower portion of gena with dense oblique wrinkles and sparse punctures; upper portion of gena with relatively dense punctures. Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown. Fore coxa brown............................................................................................... X. funiuensis Sheng, 1999</p> <p>– Occipital carina absent dorsally. Gena with sparse fine punctures, without wrinkles. Maxillary and labial palpi beige. Fore coxa yellowish brown....................................... X. jiyuanensis Sheng, 2004</p> <p>37. Body very slender. Ovipositor sheath 1.3–1.4 × as long as fore wing. Hind coxa predominantly red. Hind femur dark brown...................................................................... X. rusticus (Desvignes, 1856)</p> <p>– Body relatively stout. Ovipositor sheath 1.7–1.8× as long as fore wing. Hind coxa and femur entirely black...................................................................................................... X. jakovlevi (Kokujev, 1903)</p> <p>38. Gena partly darkish red. Hind coxa and femur entirely red. Tergites 1 and 2 entirely black......................................................................................................................... X. rufipes (Gravenhorst, 1829)</p> <p>– Gena partly yellowish white. Hind coxa blackish red. Hind femur entirely piccous black, at most basal portion red. Basal portion of tergite 1 and median portion of tergite 2 widely white........................................................................................................................ X. immaculatus Cushman, 1933</p> <p>39. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete. Subapical curve of female flagellum usually involving 3 flagellomeres............................................................................................................... 40</p> <p>– Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum incomplete. Subapical curve of female flagellum sharply angled between two flagellomeres.................................................................................................. 44</p> <p>40. Tergites 1 (Fig. 7) stout, at most 2.5× as long as posterior width. Tergites 4–6 (Fig. 8) very short as narrow transverse margin, hind margins distinctly elevated, white................................................ 41</p> <p>– Tergites 1 slender, at least 3.0× as long as posterior width. Tergites 4–6 relatively long, hind margins not elevated, entirely black............................................................................................................. 42</p> <p>41. Area basalis separated from area superomedia by distinct carina. Area superomedia distinctly convergent anteriorly. Tergite 1 evenly convex, without groove, black. All coxae black............................................................................................................................................... X. weii Sheng, 2002</p> <p>– Area basalis and area superomedia confluent, without carina between them. Area superomedia with lateral sides parallel. Apical portion of tergite 1 with deep oblique groove, yellowish brown. Fore and mid coxae yellowish brown; hind coxa reddish brown............................................................................................................................................. X. exquisitus ceylonicus Gupta &amp; Chandra, 1977</p> <p>42. Head partly black. Mesosoma and tergites partly red.............. X. exmacularis Wang &amp; Gupta, 1995</p> <p>– Head, mesosoma and tergites entirely black................................................................................... 43</p> <p>43. Frons with dense transverse wrinkles. Notaulus deep, relatively wide. Vein 2m-cu slightly distal of 2rs-m. Tergite 2 punctate, without wrinkles. Hind leg with femur red and tarsus black................................................................................................................................. X. propinquus (Tschek, 1869)</p> <p>– Frons with fine punctures. Notaulus (Fig. 14) weak, thin. Vein 2m-cu far distal of 2rs-m (Fig. 9), distance between 2rs-m and 2m-cu 1.4× as long as 2rs-m. Tergite 2 (Fig. 18) with longitudinal wrinkles centrally. Hind leg with femur (Fig. 9) brownish black, and tarsus grayish yellow....................................................................................................... X. juglanse Sheng, Broad &amp; Sun sp. nov.</p> <p>44. Front profiles of fore and mid trochantelli without teeth................................................................ 45</p> <p>– Front profiles of fore and mid trochantelli each with one tooth..................................................... 48</p> <p>45. Median portion of ovipositor sheath white..................................................................................... 46</p> <p>– Ovipositor sheath monochrome, black or black-brown.................................................................. 47</p> <p>46. Metapleuron and propodeum black.................................................. X. amissiantennes Wang, 1997</p> <p>– Metapleuron and propodeum red brown......................................... X. propodeum (Cushman, 1933)</p> <p>47. Face evenly convex, with weak fine punctures. Tergite 1 2.4× as long as posterior width................................................................................................................................. X. abaddon (Morley, 1913)</p> <p>– Face strongly convex, with rough transverse wrinkle-punctures. Tergite 1 2.0× as long as posterior width.............................................................................................. X. rufipleuralis (Cushman, 1933)</p> <p>48. Body shining metallic blue or purple.............................................................................................. 49</p> <p>– Body not blue or blue-purple, without metallic shiny.................................................................... 52</p> <p>49. Body shining metallic purple. Wings dark brown, beneath pterostigma with a large hyaline mark................................................................................................................ X. formosanus (Sonan, 1936)</p> <p>– Body shining metallic blue to blue-black. Wings slightly brownish, hyaline, at least at intercubitus with darkish brown fleck................................................................................................................ 50</p> <p>50. Mesosoma and tergites blue. Face, orbits, malar space and tegula entirely dark blue. Flagellomeres 10–12 yellow....................................................................... X. nigricaeruleus Wang &amp; Gupta, 1995</p> <p>– Tergites and sometimes mesosoma with white or yellow bands or flecks. Inner orbit white. Tegula white or reddish brown. Flagellomeres without yellow or flagellomeres 10–16 white.................. 51</p> <p>51. Tegula reddish brown. Posterior bands of tergites 1–2 and posterior margins of tergites 3–5 narrowly yellow. Subapical portion of ovipositor sheath widely white.......... X. elizabethae (Bingham, 1898)</p> <p>– Tegula white. Anterior 0.3 and posterior large fleck of tergite 1 and posterior half of tergite 2 white. Posterior flecks of tergites 3–6 yellowish. Ovipositor sheath without white.................................................................................................................................................. X. mindanensis Baltazar, 1961</p> <p>52. Mesosoma and propodeum reddish brown. Tergite 2 with oblique grooves, not forming a rhombic shape, sculpture obliquely aciculate.................................... X. citrimaculatus Wang &amp; Gupta, 1995</p> <p>– Mesosoma and propodeum black. Tergite 2 with grooves delimiting a large rhombic shape, transversely aciculate......................................................................... X. albimaculatus Sheng, 1999</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E72171660F6544332432D436C52EA231	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Shu-Ping;Broad, Gavin R.;Sheng, Mao-Ling	Sun, Shu-Ping, Broad, Gavin R., Sheng, Mao-Ling (2023): Two new species of Xorides Latreille (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from China, with notes on biology and a key to species known from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 890 (1): 115-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.890.2255, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.890.2255
E72171660F6E4437245CD516C103A429.text	E72171660F6E4437245CD516C103A429.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xorides juglanse Sheng, Broad & Sun 2023	<div><p>Xorides juglanse Sheng, Broad &amp; Sun sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 338FF5D4-D112-484A-A278-9EECB610161F</p> <p>Figs 9–19</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Antenna with 20 flagellomeres; flagellomeres 16–18 (Figs 9, 13) distinctly stouter, with six projecting “peg-like bristles”. Propodeum (Fig. 16) with rough irregular wrinkles. Tergite 2 (Fig. 18) with basolateral oblique groove and transverse shallow depression slightly beyond middle, medially with dense irregular longitudinal wrinkles. Ovipositor sheath 1.6 × as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor slightly down-curved, subapical portion of dorsal valve (Fig. 19) with two distinct tubercles. Head, mesosoma and all tergites entirely black. Flagellomeres 12–15 white. Fore wing irregularly infumate along M&amp;RS and beneath pterostigma.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The name of the new species is based on the plant the type series was reared from.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype CHINA • ♀; Liaoning Province, Kuandian Manzu Autonomous County; 18 May 2017; reared from borers in trunks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim.; Jun Lü leg.; CBDPC.</p> <p>Paratypes CHINA • 3 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 30 Aug.–23 Sep. 2021; reared from Juglans mandshurica Maxim.; Jun Lü and Cheng-Jia Liao leg.; CBDPC.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Female</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Body length 5.4 to 6.0 mm. Fore wing length 3.7 to 4.2 mm. Ovipositor sheath length 1.7 to 2.0 mm.</p> <p>HEAD. Face (Fig. 10) approximately 1.8 × as wide as long, evenly convex, median portion with irregular wrinkles and sparse fine punctures, laterally densely punctate; upper margin with strong median projection towards frons. Clypeal suture distinct, median portion between anterior tentorial pits straight. Clypeus with distinct uniformly arched sub-basal transverse ridge; apical portion inclined, depressed, with indistinct punctures. Apical portion of mandible with fine median longitudinal groove. Subocular sulcus distinct. Malar space 1.1 × as long as basal width of mandible, with sparse punctures. Gena (Figs 11–12) almost shiny, with strong oblique longitudinal wrinkles. Vertex (Fig. 12) shiny, with uneven punctures. Postocellar line approximately 1.7 × as long as ocular-ocellar line. Frons almost flat, with uneven fine punctures. Antenna with 20 flagellomeres; ratio of length from first to fifth flagellomeres: 1.4:1.1:1.0:1.0:1.0; flagellomeres 16–18 (Figs 9, 13) distinctly stouter, with six “peg-like bristles”. Occipital carina complete; genal carina joining hypostomal carina distinctly above base of mandible.</p> <p>MESOSOMA. Subanterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 15) with longitudinal wrinkles; lateral concavity narrow, with short transverse wrinkles; posterior portion with large dense irregular punctures. Epomia strong. Mesoscutum (Fig. 14) with uneven punctures; punctures in postero-median portion very dense, irregular, strongly coalescent appearing to be rugulose-punctate. Notaulus weak, with short wrinkles. Scutellum (Fig. 14) almost flat, with irregular punctures. Metanotum with transverse ridgeshaped convexity, anterior portion deeply obliquely concave. Mesopleuron (Fig. 15) almost shining, upper anterior portion with denser punctures than lower-posterior portion; speculum relatively large; mesopleural fovea shallow, indistinct. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum weak, complete. Metapleuron roughly sculptureed, with strong irregular reticulate wrinkles. Juxtacoxal carina absent. Submetapleural carina complete, anterior portion strongly convex. Ventral profiles of fore and mid tibiae slightly incurved, subbasal portions with angled concavities.Front side of front tibia with four spines, apex with three pegs. Ratio of length of hind tarsomeres from first to fifth approximately: 5.6:2.1:1.7:1.0:2.7. Wings slightly gray, hyaline. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a basal to M&amp;RS by approximately 0.4 × length of 1cu-a. Distance between 2rs-m and 2m-cu 1.4× as long as 2rs-m. Postnervulus intercepted at lower 0.3. Hind wing vein 1-cu 1.5× as long as cu-a. Propodeum (Fig. 16) in lateral view evenly convex, with almost complete carinae. Area basalis smooth, shiny, anterior portion deeply concave. Area externa with dense irregular punctures. Area dentipara with indistinct oblique wrinkles and irregular punctures. Area superomedia hexagonal, with indistinct transverse wrinkles and sparse fine punctures, connecting to costula slightly behind middle.Areas petiolaris and lateralis with irregular reticulate wrinkles.Apophysis strong. Propodeal spiracle obliquely elliptical.</p> <p>METASOMA. First tergite (Fig. 17) approximately 1.5 × as long as posterior width, strongly and evenly narrowed to base; anterior portion smooth, shiny; medially with fine punctures; posterior half with longitudinal irregular wrinkles; anterior half of latero-median carina distinct, strong; dorso-lateral carina indistinct; spiracle almost circular, small, located slightly anterior to middle of first tergite. Tergite 2 (Fig. 18) distinctly trapezoidal, 0.7× as long as anterior width, 0.6× as long as posterior width, anteriorly with distinct oblique groove, with a transverse shallow depression slightly posterior to middle; medially with distinct irregular longitudinal wrinkles, unevenly punctate peripherally. Tergites 3 (Fig. 18) and subsequent with distinct brownish gray setae. Tergite 3 slightly dilated medially, approximately 0.5× as long as median (maximum) width; antero-medially with irregular wrinkles, laterally with distinct punctures, posteriorly with fine indistinct wrinkles. Tergite 4 with dense transverse fine wrinkles. Tergites 5–7 almost shiny. Apex of tergite 8 truncate. Ovipositor sheath 1.6× as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor (Figs 9, 19) evenly and weakly down-curved, distally straight; subapical portion of dorsal valve with two distinct tubercles; lower valve with 7 distinct ridges.</p> <p>COLOUR (Fig. 9). Black, except for following: antenna brownish black, flagellomeres 12 to 15 white; clypeus and mandible dark brown; all coxae almost entirely black; dorsal side of fore tibia brown, ventral side and tarsomeres 1–4 yellowish brown; base of mid tibia, ventral side and tarsomeres 1–4 brown, dorsal side dark brown; hind femur blackish brown, ventrobasal portion of tibia and tarsomeres 1–4 yellowish brown; pterostigma blackish brown, proximally white; veins of wings brownish black.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Unknown.</p> <p>Biology</p> <p>Hosts. The unknown (presumably coleopteran) host is a wood-borer of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. (Juglandaceae).</p> <p>Host foodplant. Juglans mandshurica Maxim. (Juglandaceae).</p> <p>Differential diagnosis</p> <p>The new species is most similar to X. propinquus (Tschek, 1869), but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the preceding key, including features of the frons sculpture, width of notauli, fore wing venation, etc.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E72171660F6E4437245CD516C103A429	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Shu-Ping;Broad, Gavin R.;Sheng, Mao-Ling	Sun, Shu-Ping, Broad, Gavin R., Sheng, Mao-Ling (2023): Two new species of Xorides Latreille (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from China, with notes on biology and a key to species known from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 890 (1): 115-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.890.2255, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.890.2255
E72171660F6A442B27BFD37EC172A427.text	E72171660F6A442B27BFD37EC172A427.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xorides kuandianense Sheng, Broad & Sun 2023	<div><p>Xorides kuandianense Sheng, Broad &amp; Sun sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 27CB5FB4-A3E1-4809-B9EC-E65D1FCE7AD9</p> <p>Figs 20–30</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Fore wing length 6.0 mm. Ovipositor sheath length 6.4 mm. Postocellar line approximately 0.9× as long as ocular-ocellar line. Antenna with 21 flagellomeres, apical portion stout, distinctly thicker than basal flagellomeres; flagellomeres 17–19 (Figs 20, 25) with “peg-like bristles”. Metapleuron strongly reticulate. Juxtacoxal carina absent. Ventral profiles of fore and mid tibiae slightly incurved, subbasally with angled concavities. Propodeum (Fig. 28) entirely coarsely reticulate. Area superomedia with irregular wrinkles. First tergite (Fig. 29) strongly irregularly wrinkled, 1.7 × as long as posterior width. Tergite 2 (Fig. 29) rectangular, 0.7× as long as posterior width. Tergite 3 (Fig. 29) with sides distinctly convergent posteriorly. Tergite 7 with indistinct fine transverse aciculae, posterior margin slightly concave medially. Head, mesosoma and metasoma almost entirely black.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The name of the new species is based on the type locality.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype CHINA • ♀; Liaoning Province, Kuandian Manzu Autonomous County; 17 May 2017; Tao Li leg.; CBDPC.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Female</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Body (Fig. 20) length approximately 7.8 mm. Fore wing length approximately 6.0 mm. Ovipositor sheath length approximately 6.4 mm.</p> <p>HEAD. Face (Fig. 21) approximately 2.2× as wide as long, slightly evenly convex, median portion with irregular coalescent punctures verging on rugulose-punctate; laterally shiny with distinct punctures; upper margin with strong median projection between antennal sockets. Clypeal suture thin, median portion between anterior tentorial pits almost straight. Clypeus small, almost semicircular, with slightly arched sub-basal transverse ridge; lower portion weakly inclined, depressed, with indistinct punctures. Basal portion of mandible with fine wrinkles. Subocular sulcus distinct. Malar space almost shiny, 0.9× as long as basal width of mandible, with shallow sparse punctures. Gena (Fig. 22) shiny, with uneven punctures, lower portion with oblique longitudinal wrinkles. Vertex (Fig. 23) shiny, with uneven punctures. Stemmaticum densely punctate. Postocellar line approximately 0.9 × as long as ocular-ocellar line. Frons (Fig. 24) almost flat, upper portion with dense indistinct punctures, lower portion with dense transverse wrinkles. Antenna with 21 flagellomeres, apical portion distinctly stout; ratio of length from first to fifth flagellomeres: 1.0:1.2:1.4:1.3:1.2; flagellomeres 17–19 (Figs 20, 25) with “peg-like bristles”. Occipital carina complete, joining hypostomal carina far above base of mandible.</p> <p>MESOSOMA. Anterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 27) with fine oblique reticulate-punctation; lateral concavity shallow, with transverse wrinkles; posterior portion with large irregular punctures. Epomia strong, dorsal end tooth-shaped. Posteromedian portion of mesoscutum (Fig. 26) with irregular transverse indistinct wrinkles, anteriorly and laterally with distinct punctures. Scutellum with uneven punctures, anteromedian portion slightly convex; almost flat, with irregular punctures. Metanotum transversely convex, anterior portion obliquely concave. Mesopleuron (Fig. 27) almost shining, with indistinct oblique longitudinal wrinkles, interspaces with indistinct fine punctures; speculum present, relatively large; mesopleural fovea indistinct. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum weak, almost complete. Metapleuron rough, strongly reticulate. Juxtacoxal carina absent. Submetapleural carina complete. Ventral profiles of fore and mid tibiae slightly incurved, sub-basally with angled concavities. Ratio of length of hind tarsomeres from first to fifth approximately: 7.0:2.8:1.7:1.0:2.6. Wings slightly brown, hyaline. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a opposite M&amp;RS. Vein 2rs-m obliterated, RS touching M far in front of 2m-cu. Postnervulus intercepted slightly below middle. Hind wing vein 1-cu almost as long as cu-a. Propodeum (Fig. 28) entirely with coarsely reticulate. Area basalis triangular. Area superomedia pentagonal, with irregular wrinkles. Apophysis strong, blunt crenate. Propodeal spiracle elliptical.</p> <p>METASOMA. First tergite (Fig. 29) evenly convex, strongly rugulose-punctate; approximately 1.7 × as long as posterior width, evenly narrowed anteriorly; near middle slightly contracted; anterior portion of latero-median carina vestigial; dorso-lateral carina indistinct; spiracle almost circular, convex, located at anterior 0.4 of first tergite. Tergite 2 (Fig. 29) with sculpture as tergite 1, almost ectangular, 0.7× as long as posterior width, basal-laterally with short weak oblique groove. Tergite 3 (Fig. 29) with sides distinctly convergent posteriorly, with uneven punctures, gradually sparser posteriorly; approximately 0.6× as long as anterior width, 0.7× as long as posterior width. Tergites 4–6 almost smooth, shiny. Tergite 7 with indistinct fine transverse aciculate, posterior margin slightly concave medially. Tergite 8 triangular, apex truncate. Ovipositor sheath approximately 2.6× as long as hind tibia. Apical portion of ovipositor (Figs 20, 30) distinctly down-curved; lower valve with weak ridges.</p> <p>COLOUR (Fig. 20). Black, except for following: apical portion of flagellomere 10, flagellomeres 11–15 and basal portion of flagellomere 16 white; clypeus mostly and mandible black brown; fore and mid femora, tibiae and tarsomeres 1–4 yellowish to reddish brown; hind tibia proximally dark brown, distally brownish black; pterostigma and veins brownish black; pterostigma proximally white.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Unknown.</p> <p>Differential diagnosis</p> <p>The new species is similar to X. pissodius Sheng &amp; Wen, 2008 in being relatively small, with pterostigma short and wide, and head, mesosoma and metasoma almost entirely black, but can be distinguished from X. pissodius by the following combination of characters: postocellar line 0.9 × as long as ocular-ocellar line; frons without median longitudinal groove; fore wing with vein 1cu-a opposite M&amp;RS; fore and mid tibiae normal, not stoutly clavate; tergite 2 (Fig. 29) 0.7 × as long as posterior width; flagellomeres 11–15 and proximal portion of flagellomere 16 white. In X pissodius: postocellar line is 1.4× as long as ocular-ocellar line; frons with dense transverse wrinkles and a median longitudinal groove; fore wing with vein 1cu-a distinctly distad of M&amp;RS; fore and mid tibiae exceptionally stout, clavate; area petiolaris with indistinct longitudinal wrinkles; tergite 2 as long as posterior width; flagellomeres 9 to 12 white.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E72171660F6A442B27BFD37EC172A427	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Shu-Ping;Broad, Gavin R.;Sheng, Mao-Ling	Sun, Shu-Ping, Broad, Gavin R., Sheng, Mao-Ling (2023): Two new species of Xorides Latreille (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from China, with notes on biology and a key to species known from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 890 (1): 115-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.890.2255, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.890.2255
E72171660F764428241ED30DC38BA09D.text	E72171660F764428241ED30DC38BA09D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xorides sapporensis (Uchida 1928)	<div><p>Xorides sapporensis (Uchida, 1928)</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Lower portion of gena with longitudinal wrinkles. Postocellar line approximately 1.7× as long as ocular-ocellar line. Frons ventrally with dense transverse wrinkles. Antenna with 20–21 flagellomeres. Pterostigma short and wide, approximately 3 × as long as wide. Latero-median carinae of first tergite reaching to hind margin of first tergite. Tergites 2 and 3 posteriorly transversely aciculate. Fore wing beneath pterostigma with ill-defined infumate spot. Mesosoma, femora and tergites 1–3 entirely black. Tergites 4–6 with white posterior, lateral spots in females.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>CHINA • 3 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; Kuandian, Liaoning; 2 Jun. 2001; Mao-Ling Sheng leg.; CBDPC • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 6 Jun. 2007; Mao-Ling Sheng leg.; CBDPC • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 11 Sep. 2015; Mao-Ling Sheng leg.; CBDPC • 1 ♀, 3 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 3 Feb. 2017; reared from borers in trunks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim.; Jun Lü leg.; CBDPC.</p> <p>Biology</p> <p>Host. Wood-boring insects in trunks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. (Juglandaceae), previously reared from Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Pterolophia alternata Gressitt, 1938 (Sheng &amp; Sun 2010, 2014; Sheng et al. 2022) and Mesosa curculionoides (Linnaeus, 1761) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Yu et al. 2016).</p> <p>Host food. Juglans mandshurica Maxim., new host food record; Robinia pseudoacacia L., Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. (Sheng &amp; Sun 2010, 2014; Sheng et al. 2022).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E72171660F764428241ED30DC38BA09D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Shu-Ping;Broad, Gavin R.;Sheng, Mao-Ling	Sun, Shu-Ping, Broad, Gavin R., Sheng, Mao-Ling (2023): Two new species of Xorides Latreille (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from China, with notes on biology and a key to species known from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 890 (1): 115-135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.890.2255, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.890.2255
