taxonID	type	description	language	source
22633978ED567E6A874C7FEF75601E84.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (PAA). The new species Hyphessobrycon caru sp. nov. differs from most of its congeners, except members of the rosy tetra clade, by the presence of a dark brown or black blotch on dorsal-fin (vs absence) and absence of a midlateral stripe on the body (vs presence). Figure 1. Hyphessobrycon caru sp. nov., CICCAA 02286, holotype, 22.2 mm SL; Brazil: Maranhao state: Buritizinho River, Pindare river drainage, Mearim river basin. The new species differs from most of its congeners in the rosy tetra clade by possessing few irregular inconspicuous vertically arranged chromatophores in the humeral region, or sometimes a very thin and inconspicuous humeral spot (Fig. 2 a) [vs inconspicuous vertically elongated humeral spot in H. hasemani Fowler, 1913, H. piorskii Guimaraes, De Brito, Feitosa, Carvalho-Costa, Ottoni, 2018 (Fig. 2 b); approximately rounded humeral spot in H. erythrostigma (Fowler, 1943), H. jackrobertsi Zarske, 2014, H. minor Durbin, 1909, H. pando Hein, 2009, H. paepkei Zarske, 2014, H. pyrrhonotus Burgess, 1993, H. roseus (Gery, 1960), H. socolofi Weitzman, 1977, and H. sweglesi (Gery, 1961) (Fig. 2 c); humeral spot horizontally or posteriorly elongated in H. epicharis Weitzman & Palmer, 1997, H. khardinae Zarske, 2008, and H. werneri Gery & Uj, 1987 (Fig. 2 d); conspicuous humeral spot at least on males in H. copelandi Durbin, 1908, H. eques (Steindachner, 1882), H. haraldschultzi Travassos, 1960, H. micropterus (Eigenmann, 1915), H. megalopterus (Eigenmann, 1915), H. simulatus (Gery, 1960) and H. takasei Gery, 1964 (Fig. 2 e); and absence of humeral spot in H. compressus (Meek, 1904), H. dorsalis Zarske, 2014, H. georgettae Gery, 1961, H. pulchripinnis Ahl, 1937, and H. rosaceus Durbin, 1909 (Fig. 2 f)]. Figure 2. Humeral spot of: a Hyphessobrycon caru, holotype, CICCAA 02286 b H. piorskii, holotype, CICCAA 00695 c H. pyrrhonotus, holotype, MZUSP 45714 d H. werneri, holotype, MZUSP 42365 e H. eques, CICCAA 00300 f H. compressus, paratype, MHNG 2181.076. Furthermore, the new species differs from H. bentosi Durbin, 1908, H. erythrostigma, H. pyrrhonotus, H. rosaceus, and H. socolofi by presenting only one tooth in the outer row of premaxillary, and this unique tooth just slightly displaced from inner row [vs two or more teeth, displaced from the inner row]; from H. hasemani and H. micropterus by the dorsal-fin spot located approximately at the middle of the fin's depth, not reaching its tip (vs spot located approximately at the middle of the fin's depth, reaching its tip in adults); from H. hasemani by presenting tri to unicuspid teeth in the inner row of premaxillary and dentary (vs tricuspid or pentacuspid teeth); from H. piorskii by having the anal-fin profile usually nearly straight (vs anal-fin profile usually falcate). In addition, H. caru sp. nov. is easily distinguished from Pristella maxillaris (Ulrey, 1894), Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Gery, 1965, and Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill, 1858) by the absence of a black oblique stripe or band on the anterior portion of the anal-fin (Fig. 1) (vs presence).	en	Guimaraes, Erick Cristofore, Brito, Pamella Silva de, Feitosa, Leonardo Manir, Costa, Luis Fernando Carvalho, Ottoni, Felipe Polivanov (2019): A new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Characiformes, Characidae) from the Eastern Amazon, revealed by integrative taxonomy. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (2): 345-360, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.34069, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.34069
22633978ED567E6A874C7FEF75601E84.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet honors the term " Caru ". Caru is the name of an area (about 70.000 ha) inhabited by Brazilian native tribes from the ethnicities Guaja and Guajajara. People from this area use the Tupi language and have suffered consequences of European colonization and are under threat due to the pressure for exploration of the protected territory.	en	Guimaraes, Erick Cristofore, Brito, Pamella Silva de, Feitosa, Leonardo Manir, Costa, Luis Fernando Carvalho, Ottoni, Felipe Polivanov (2019): A new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Characiformes, Characidae) from the Eastern Amazon, revealed by integrative taxonomy. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (2): 345-360, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.34069, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.34069
