identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6A0A87E41A5FFF82FF1EFAD1253DFF77.text	6A0A87E41A5FFF82FF1EFAD1253DFF77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysopogon velutinus (Hook f.) Bor 1960	<div><p>Chrysopogon velutinus (Hook f.) Bor (1960: 119) (Fig. 2)</p> <p>Basionym: — Andropogon velutinus Hook f. (1896: 194).</p> <p>Lectotype (hic designatus): — INDIA “Peninsula Ind. Orientalis”. Andhra Pradesh state, Cuddapah district, R. Wight n. 2314 (K barcode K000245643 [digital image!], available at http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000245643; isolectotype: Ibid (E barcode E00393724 [digital image!], available at https://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00393724.</p> <p>Typification Note: — Hooker (1897) described Chrysopogon velutinus (≡ Andropogon velutinus) based on specimens from Wight’s Herbarium. He mentioned the designation ‘ Andropogon velutinus Arnott, in Herb. Wight n. 2314,’ most probably collected from the Cuddapah district of Andhra Pradesh by Robert Wight. Additionally, he loosely mentioned another locality, Mysore (in present-day Karnataka).</p> <p>We were able to locate two of Wight’s specimens corresponding to the collection number ‘n. 2314’ at the K (K000245643) and E (E00393724) herbaria. These specimens were collected from the Cuddapah district (Kadapa district). The specimen at K is accompanied by supportive illustrations of the spikelet parts, aiding in identification. It is a complete plant specimen exhibiting all the necessary morphological characters for accurate species identification. On the other hand, the material at E consists of a single complete specimen and a couple of fragments, but it does not have any accompanying illustrations.</p> <p>Since these specimens are duplicates from which neither Hooker indicated a holotype, nor any subsequent researcher designated a lectotype, they are considered syntypes according to Art 9.6 (Turland et al. 2018). We have selected the specimen at K as the lectotype for the name Andropogon velutinus, and its duplicate at E is considered an isolectotype.</p> <p>Ramakrishna et al. (2022) indicated the specimen at K to be a holotype. However, there is no holotype of this species as Hooker f. (1896) did not indicate any specimen to be a holotype.</p> <p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: — November–January.</p> <p>Distribution: — Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states in Peninsular India. Hitherto, it is endemic to Peninsular India.</p> <p>Threat Status: — According to Rao et al. (2003) Chrysopogon velutinus is observed as an Endangered (EN) species but to which category of threat it belongs is still not clear because of lack of information on population size, decline or disappearance. Thus, it was treated as ‘Indeterminate (I)’ in their assessment.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (Chrysopogon velutinus): — INDIA. Andhra Pradesh, Gooty fort hill, Anantapur district, 23 December 2019, Shahid Nawaz Landge s.n. (BLAT). Katam, Chillavaripalli [Challavaripalli], Anantapur district, 339 m, 4 October 2016, J. Swamy &amp; S. Nagaraju 007977 (BSID) [BSID0014698]. Gandikota hill, Cuddapah [Kadapa] district, September 2022, Shahid Nawaz Landge s.n. (BLAT). Karnataka, in open scrub hills near Sambra, Belgaum district, 750 m, 26 October 1978, Saldanah &amp; Prakash KFP 3539 (JCB). Ukkad, Belgaum district [Belagavi district], s.d., SDM 29943 (BSI) [BSI0000065643]. Ibid, s.d., SDM 24997 (BSI) [BSI0000065642]. Molakalmuru, Chitradurga district, 6 November 1975, N. P. Singh 141436 (BSI) 2 preparations. Maharashtra, Agashiva Hill, Karad, Satara district, 25 October 2005, Potdar 2301 (SUK) 7 preparations.</p> <p>Habitats: — It is typically found in rocky crevices and potholes on rock outcrops, scree slopes, old walls, and dry stony soil. In the Gandikota and Gooty fort hills, it is often associated with sandstone and quartzite rocks (Fig. 1).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A0A87E41A5FFF82FF1EFAD1253DFF77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Landge, Shahid Nawaz;Shinde, Rajendra D.	Landge, Shahid Nawaz, Shinde, Rajendra D. (2023): On the identity and distribution of Chrysopogon velutinus (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) and its taxonomic comparison with allied species in India. Phytotaxa 612 (1): 46-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.3
6A0A87E41A5BFF84FF1EFF02232AFC7B.text	6A0A87E41A5BFF84FF1EFF02232AFC7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysopogon velutinus (Hook f.) Bor 1960	<div><p>Identification of Chrysopogon velutinus</p> <p>Bor (1960) used puberulous leaves as a distinguishing character between Chrysopogon velutinus and C. aucheri Stapf (1907: 211). He differentiated the former from the latter by stating, “Basal sheaths villous, compressed, keeled; peduncle glabrous below the panicle.” However, there is doubt regarding this key. The basal sheaths of C. velutinus are compressed and keeled, but they are never villous, and the peduncle is not glabrous. The character of the villous sheath is more applicable to C. aucheri, but even in that species, the sheaths can be both terete and compressed (at least the lowest ones). The complete plant of C. velutinus is velvety pubescent (Fig. 3). Chrysopogon aucheri has a distinct habit and is primarily a desert species found in North-West India, which should not be confused with C. velutinus in South India.</p> <p>At the BSI herbarium, four specimens of Chrysopogon velutinus were found, all from the state of Karnataka. Two (SDM 29943 &amp; SDM 24997) were previously identified as C. montanus Trin. [synonym of C. fulvus], and the remaining two (N. P. Singh 141436) were identified as C. hackeli i (Hook f. 1896: 194) C. E. C. Fischer (1935: 1739). It is highly likely that these specimens were misidentified as either species. The best way to differentiate Chrysopogon velutinus from other closely allied species is by the presence of two or three rows of brownish hairs on the lower glume of the muticous pedicelled spikelet, as well as the overall pubescence or velvety texture of all plant parts.</p> <p>In Chrysopogon velutinus, the pedicelled spikelets are characteristically ex-aristate, with very small pedicels (less than half the length of the sessile spikelet), while the sessile spikelets are slightly longer than the pedicelled ones. The nerves on the lower glume of the pedicelled spikelet are sometimes distinctly ribbed and scabrous with processes, otherwise not ribbed but minutely scabrid (Fig. 3). The character of the laterally compressed sheaths is highly unique, with the keel of the sheath appearing like a distinct ridge on which trichome-like hairs are positioned, best observed in young sheaths (Fig. 3). It is possible for it to be mistaken for forms of C. fulvus in which pedicelled spikelets are ex-aristate, but they can be distinguished as mentioned in the key.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A0A87E41A5BFF84FF1EFF02232AFC7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Landge, Shahid Nawaz;Shinde, Rajendra D.	Landge, Shahid Nawaz, Shinde, Rajendra D. (2023): On the identity and distribution of Chrysopogon velutinus (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) and its taxonomic comparison with allied species in India. Phytotaxa 612 (1): 46-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.3
6A0A87E41A59FF89FF1EFBF62121F817.text	6A0A87E41A59FF89FF1EFBF62121F817.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysopogon velutinus (Hook f.) Bor 1960	<div><p>Distribution of Chrysopogon velutinus in India</p> <p>This grass species was initially described from the Cuddapah district of Andhra Pradesh. It is typically found in dry habitats associated with sandstone and quartzite rocky substrates. Besides the type locality, it has been reported from the neighboring states of Karnataka (Lakshminarasimhan et al. 2019), Maharashtra (Potdar et al. 2012) and recently from Telangana (Ramakrishna et al. 2022). It was not reported by (Cooke 1908, Blatter &amp; McCann 1935, Bor 1960, Salunkhe 1995, &amp; Lakshminarasimhan et al. 1996) in Maharashtra. Thus far, all known reports of this species are from Peninsular India.</p> <p>According to Sajeev et al. (1998), Chrysopogon velutinus was reported for the first time outside its type locality from Churulippetti, Idukki district in Kerala, based on the specimen “ KKS 1654 ” likely deposited at the KFRI herbarium. Later, Sasidharan (1999), in his study on the flora of Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, included C. velutinus based on the same specimen citation used by Sajeev et al. (1998). The former author provided a short description of this particular cited specimen in which certain key characters were highlighted as “Perennial... leaves 20 × 0.2 cm... sheath rounded.” However, C. velutinus sensu Hook f. is an annual plant with broad leaves and a characteristically keeled sheath (Figs. 2 &amp; 3). The characteristics of the specimen “ KKS 1654 ” are in clear disobedience with the original circumscription of the species. Thus, it is not C. velutinus. The occurrence of C. velutinus in Kerala is dubious and we excluded it from distribution in (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Kellogg et al. (2020) that include doubtful occurrence of many grass species included Chrysopogon velutinus from Kerala, probably based on Sajeev et al. (1998). Dileep (2016) in his treatment of the tribe Andropogoneae did not report the presence of this species in the Western Ghats of South India, which includes Kerala. After consulting the concerned authorities of CALI herbarium in Kerala, no specimen of Chrysopogon velutinus was found to be present from Kerala state. Dileep (2016) overlooked the presence of this species in the Western Ghats of Karnataka where it has been reported by other authors. Hitherto, this species has not been reported from the state of Tamil Nadu (Kabir &amp; Nair 2008).</p> <p>It is worth noting that certain forms of C. fulvus, where the leaf sheath is strongly laterally compressed, may be mistaken for C. velutinus in herbaria and in the field. But, the latter can be easily distinguished, even in vegetative state, by its characteristically softly pubescent leaves.</p> <p>Note: The dots given do not represent a complete range of distribution of Chrysopogon velutinus within the states in India. It is rather limited to the specimens housed in the consulted herbaria and personal field collections of the authors. The distribution within states could be more comprehensive than it is reflected here.</p> <p>We have personally studied confirmed materials of C. velutinus from four states in Peninsular India, namely Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana at BLAT, BSI, JCB, SUK and TBGH herbaria (Fig. 5). There are no specimens of this species present at the BSI herbarium from the state of Maharashtra. We have traced seven specimens belonging to this species present at SUK herbarium from Maharashtra. The presence of this species in Kerala is uncertain.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A0A87E41A59FF89FF1EFBF62121F817	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Landge, Shahid Nawaz;Shinde, Rajendra D.	Landge, Shahid Nawaz, Shinde, Rajendra D. (2023): On the identity and distribution of Chrysopogon velutinus (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) and its taxonomic comparison with allied species in India. Phytotaxa 612 (1): 46-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.3
