identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FA87A12755D870FF58F92CFC18FE42.text	03FA87A12755D870FF58F92CFC18FE42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marchantia formosana Horik., J. Sci.	<div><p>Marchantia formosana Horik., J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, Div. 2, Bot. 2: 121. 1934</p> <p>(Figure 1, 2)</p> <p>Type citation. FORMOSA, Tainan, Mt. Morrison (Kodamayama-Tâtaka), 18 Aug. 1932, Y. Horikawa 9117 (holotype, HIRO!); Taihoku, Mt. Taiheizan (Minamoto), 23 Aug. 1932, Y. Horikawa 9293 (paratype, HIRO!); Tainan, Mt. Arisan (Jûjiro-Iwaiyama), 17 Aug. 1932, Y. Horikawa 8990 (paratype, HIRO!); do., 27 July 1928, A. Noguchi 131 (paratype, HIRO!).</p> <p>Description. Thallus greyish green, prostrate, compact, 2.1–4.2 mm wide, successive dichotomies 3–10 mm apart; dark median band absent; margin entire or slightly crenulate, reddish to purplish. Epidermal pores conspicuous, 56–131 μm In dIam., bOrdered by 8 cellS; Inner OpenIng uSually pentacle-lIke, bOunded by 5–6 cellS wIth rOunded-prOtrudIng inner wall, seldom pentagonal or hexagonal. Compact ventral tissue of 16–19 cells layers in the median portion; central part brownish to purplish; sclerotic cells brownish to slightly blackish; mucilage cavities and oil-cells absent. Ventral surface green at the apex and reddish to purplish in other parts; scales extending over 30–40% of thallus width. Ventral scales in 4 rows; median scales reddish to purplish; appendage long elliptical to nearly circular (width: length = 0.58–1.02; 222–375 × 296–424 μm), reddISh tO yellOwISh, uSually wIth acute apex and margIn Irregularly tOOthed tO nearly entire. Cupule ciliate, narrowly triangular to linear, up to 7 cells high.</p> <p>Archegoniophore at apex of thallus; stalk up to the maximum 11–12.2 mm long, with 2 rhizoid furrows; air-cavities interrupted; receptacle 4–4.8 mm in diam., nearly symmetric, shallowly dissected into 7 lobes, with a prominent projection in central part of receptacle; lobes yellowish to brownish, spreading, usually with truncate or emarginate apex; median scales thread-like, seldom bifurcate, hyaline to yellowish; involucre not seen.</p> <p>Distribution: China (Taiwan and Yunnan).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes: The present species, which had long been considered endemic to Taiwan, China, was originally described based on Taiwanese materials (Horikawa 1934). The present study provides the first record of this species outside the region.</p> <p>Marchantia formosana is distinguished from other Marchantiaceae taxa in Asia by the following combination of mOrphOlOgIcal characterS: (1) large epIdermal pOreS (up tO Over 130 μm dIam.) bOarded by mOre cell rIngS (up tO 8), (2) star-like inner opening of air pores, (3) cupule with long cilia (up to 7 cells), (4) shallowly dissected female receptacle, (5) ciliate margin of involucre, and (6) appendages of median scales with acute apex and irregularly toothed to nearly entire margin.</p> <p>In China, when sterile, Marchantia formosana shares a similar appearance to M. emarginata Reinwardt, Blume &amp; Nees (1824: 192) subsp. cuneiloba (Stephani 1897: 98) Zheng &amp; Shimamura (2022b: 145) and M. hartlessiana Stephani in Bonner (1953: 107) (Zheng &amp; Long 2023). However, M. emarginata subsp. cuneiloba differs from M. formosana in its appendages of median scales with multicellular toothed margins, and the epidermal pores usually with triangular to hexagonal inner openings. Marchantia hartlessiana is differentiated by its appendages, which have an entire or crenulate margin.</p> <p>This species may be also confused with Marchantia longii Zhu, Xiang &amp; Shu in Xiang et al. (2016: 285), a narrowly distributed taxon in Yunnan, because they share (1) a deeply lobed male receptacle, (2) a shallowly dissected female receptacle and (3) a similar thallus appearance. However, M. longii is distinct by having air pores with only polygonal inner openings, and appendage of median scales with an entire to weakly denticulate margin consisting of densely arranged cells (Xiang et al. 2016). It should be noted that original specimens of M. longii were not available for the present study; thus, the characters listed above are all literature-based and may require amendment when more materials become available. However, this issue does not negate the fact that M. formosana is a well-established species.</p> <p>In 1989, Bischler-Causse noted that the width and length of appendages of median scales of Marchantia formosana can reached 475–520 μm and 571–600 μm, reSpectIvely. HOwever, Such rObuSt appendageS were neIther IlluStrated in the regional study of Marchantia (Lu &amp; Huang 2017) nor observed in the holotype and paratype (Figure 2, A–C). In the present study, we provide a detailed illustration of this character to clarify the morphological variation in the Yunnan material (Figure 2), which also supports the conclusion that our voucher specimen (D. G. Long 35201) is indeed conspecific to M. formosana.</p> <p>Currently, Marchantia formosana has only been recorded in Taiwan and Yunnan, China. Disjunctive distribution is not rare in liverworts and hornworts, as they typically reproduce through the dispersing of spores and propagules (Schofield &amp; Crum 1972). However, some taxa that possess Taiwan-Yunnan disjunction can also be found in other adjacent regions (e.g., Apotreubia nana (Hattori &amp; Inoue 1954: 99) Hattori &amp; Mizutani (1966: 492), Schistochila macrodonta Nicholson (1930: 29), Cryptolophocolea sikkimensis (Stephani 1922: 349) Bakalin &amp; Maltseva (2022: 14), Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehmann &amp; Lindenberg in Lehmann (1832: 14), Schiffneria hyalina Stephani (1894a: 1). Wu et al. (2002) compared the bryoflora of Taiwan and the Hengduan Mountains, and concluded that taxa showing such disjunction are usually tropically distributed. Therefore, in future, it is expected that records of M. formosana will be found in regions with similar climates, such as the Sino-Himalaya s and Southwestern Japan.</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHINA. Yunnan Province, Fugong County, Shangpa Zheng, W bank of Nu Jiang, elevation 1270 m, 24 Aug. 2005, D. G. Long 35201 (E01080864, MO6090561).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined: CHINA. Taiwan, Nantou Co., Lugo Township, Sitou Forest Road, elevation 1365 m, 14 Nov. 2019, D. G. Long et al. 46467 (E01080881); Yilan Co., Wangyangshan Trial above Cueifong Lake, elevation 1930 m, 21 Nov. 2019, D. G. Long et al. 46739 (E01080879).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA87A12755D870FF58F92CFC18FE42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zheng, Tian-Xiong;Long, David G.;Shimamura, Masaki	Zheng, Tian-Xiong, Long, David G., Shimamura, Masaki (2023): Range extension of Marchantia formosana (Marchantiaceae, Marchantiophyta), with an updated key to Marchantiaceae taxa in East Asia. Phytotaxa 612 (1): 93-98, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.8
03FA87A12756D870FF58FD8AFDC2FBDE.text	03FA87A12756D870FF58FD8AFDC2FBDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marchantiaceae	<div><p>Notes on Marchantiaceae taxa in East Asia</p> <p>With the publication of novel and regionally recorded taxa, the Marchantiaceae in East Asia is represented by three well-recognized genera (Zheng &amp; Shimamura 2022a), including 14 taxa (Bischler-Causse 1989; Long &amp; Crandall-Stotler 2020; Xiang et al. 2016, 2022; Zheng &amp; Shimamura 2020, 2022a, 2022b; Zheng &amp; Long, 2023). Among them, some taxa doubtfully recorded in the Chinese bryoflora (Marchantia emarginata subsp. emarginata and M. stoloniscyphulus (Gao &amp; Chang 1982: 114) Piippo 1990: 134) warrant a brief discussion in this study. Marchantia emarginata subsp. emarginata was first reported by Chao (1943, as “ M. palmata Nees ”) and subsequently recorded in some regional studies (Jia &amp; He 2013; Xiong &amp; Cao 2018) in China. However, Zheng (unpublished) found that (1) subgeneric classification of the M. emarginata complex is geographical rather than morphological, (2) there is excessive morphological diversity within the specimens identified as subsp. emarginata by the original author and (3) the distinguishing character of this subspecies (e.g., epidermal papillae and narrower appendages of ventral median scales) are not easily observed in some Southeast Asian specimens, indicating that the present treatments and morphological definition of subsp. emarginata are not tenable and need to be further reviewed. For M. stoloniscyphulus, Zheng et al. (unpublished) have been able to show that it is conspecific with M. papillata Raddi (1822: 20) subsp. grossibarba (Stephani 1894b: 221) Bischler (1989: 78) rather than being an independent species. Therefore, both taxa should be excluded from the following key.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA87A12756D870FF58FD8AFDC2FBDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zheng, Tian-Xiong;Long, David G.;Shimamura, Masaki	Zheng, Tian-Xiong, Long, David G., Shimamura, Masaki (2023): Range extension of Marchantia formosana (Marchantiaceae, Marchantiophyta), with an updated key to Marchantiaceae taxa in East Asia. Phytotaxa 612 (1): 93-98, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.8
03FA87A12756D877FF58FB2EFA19FDB0.text	03FA87A12756D877FF58FB2EFA19FDB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marchantiaceae	<div><p>Key to Marchantiaceae taxa in East Asia</p> <p>1. Monoicous or dioicous; oil cells in the side walls of air chambers absent in fresh tissues; gemmae and cupules always absent; thallus dichotomous and apical ventral innovations; male receptacle disc-liked and unlobed; alpine or sub-alpine habitats...........2</p> <p>- Strictly dioicous; oil cells in the side walls of air chambers present in fresh tissues; gemmae and cupules present; thallus strictly dichotomous only; male receptacle lobed; man-made habitats..........................................................................................................4</p> <p>2. Dioicous; areas of spongy tissue present in dorsal side of thallus......................................................................... Bucegia romanica</p> <p>- Monoicous; areas of spongy tissue absent in dorsal side of thallus...................................................................................................3</p> <p>3. Thallus robust (up to 15 mm wide); female receptacle lobed, with flat top and highly rough dorsal surface due to dense and prOmInent cOmpOund aIr pOreS; SpOre wIth thIck (5.1–6.6 μm wIde), hIgh (up tO 6 μm) lamellate OrnamentatIOn.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Preissia platycarpa</p> <p>- Thallus relatively compact (rarely over 10 mm wide); female receptacle shallowly dissected into 4 downward lobes united by 4 cOnvex radIatIng rIdgeS On dOrSal Surface; SpOre wIth thIn (2.1–3.0 μm wIde), lOw (up tO 3 μm) lamellate OrnamentatIOn................................................................................................................................................................................................ Preissia quadrata</p> <p>4. Thallus margin lobulate......................................................................................................................................................................5</p> <p>- Thallus margin entire or slightly crisped............................................................................................................................................6</p> <p>5. Thallus usually growing erect (sometimes prostrate in dry environment) with continuous blackish median band; margin of appendage of median scales entire or crenulate............................................................ Marchantia polymorpha subsp. polymorpha</p> <p>- Thallus usually growing prostrate (sometimes erect near water), with discontinuous blackish median band (continuous near water); margin of appendage of median scales with unicellular teeth.......................................................... M. polymorpha subsp. ruderalis</p> <p>6. Cupule and involucre margin ciliate lobed; oil cells in the side walls of air chambers distinctly whitish when fresh; male receptacle shallowly lobed; appendage of median scales and involucre with oil-cells.......................................................................................7</p> <p>- Cupule margin ciliate; involucre margin entire, crenulate or ciliate; oil cells in the side walls of air chambers indistinct and nearly hyaline when fresh; male receptacle deeply lobed; appendage of median scales and involucre without oil-cells............................8</p> <p>7. Appendage of median scales acute or apiculate apically, usually with toothed or incised margin..... M. paleacea subsp. paleacea</p> <p>- Appendage of median scales obtuse apically, with entire or crenulate margin........................................ M. paleacea subsp. diptera</p> <p>8. Thallus with continuous or discontinuous blackish median band......................................................................................................9</p> <p>- Thallus without blackish median band.............................................................................................................................................11</p> <p>9. Appendage of median scales highly pinnatifid.................................................................................................................. M. pinnata</p> <p>- Appendage of median scales not pinnatifid......................................................................................................................................10</p> <p>10. Epidermal pores bounded by 6–9 cells, inner opening usually star-shaped; appendages of median scales narrow and strongly acuminate; female receptacle shallowly dissected, lobes shortly grooved, with dorsal surface verrucose due to large and projecting epidermal pores............................................................................................................................................................. M. subintegra</p> <p>- Epidermal pores bounded by 4–6 cells, inner opening triangular to hexagonal, sometimes circular; appendages of median scales ovate, triangular to nearly pentagonal, with obtuse or apiculate apex; female receptacle deeply lobed, lobes not grooved, usually apically broadened and emarginate, sometimes truncate, dorsal surface smooth............................. M. papillata subsp. grossibarba</p> <p>11. Margin of appendage of median scales with multicellular teeth...................................................... M. emarginata subsp. cuneiloba</p> <p>- Margin of appendage of median scales with unicellular teeth, crenulate or entire..........................................................................12</p> <p>12. Female receptacle shallowly dissected into lobes with short median groove, with strongly verrucose dorsal surface; margin of appendage of median scales nearly entire................................................................................................................... M. hartlessiana</p> <p>- Female receptacle shallowly dissected into lobes with truncate or emarginate apex, with nearly smooth dorsal surface; margin of appendage of median scales not entire.............................................................................................................................................13</p> <p>13. Appendage of median scales with irregularly toothed to nearly entire margin, usually with acute apex; cupule with long cilia (up to 7 cells); involucre ciliate........................................................................................................................................... M. formosana</p> <p>- Appendage of median scales with weakly denticulate entire and acute or apiculate apex; cupule with short cilia (up to 5 cells).................................................................................................................................................................................................... M. longii</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA87A12756D877FF58FB2EFA19FDB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zheng, Tian-Xiong;Long, David G.;Shimamura, Masaki	Zheng, Tian-Xiong, Long, David G., Shimamura, Masaki (2023): Range extension of Marchantia formosana (Marchantiaceae, Marchantiophyta), with an updated key to Marchantiaceae taxa in East Asia. Phytotaxa 612 (1): 93-98, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.8
