taxonID	type	description	language	source
394487F6A168D50DFF22621902BFFE60.taxon	description	Figure 8	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A168D50DFF22621902BFFE60.taxon	description	Paralectotypes. USNM 188971, (17, 22 – 33).	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A168D50DFF22621902BFFE60.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of clade Neoetheostoma (sensu Near et al. 2011) That differs from all other Etheostoma by the following combination of characteristics: 3 – 9 distinct lateral blotches (blotch shape includes diffuse irregular lines, clusters of dots, square markings, grouped sets of 1 – 3 vertical lines, and / or W - shaped tessellations), six dorsal saddles, and offset rows of stippling on the pectoral fins. Male nuptial coloration green (tends towards blue in pre-spawn individuals), diffuse black medial band in first dorsal fin with a green distal band, thick green medial band in second dorsal fin, diffuse green bars on side that usually encompass lateral blotches, anal fin infused with green, pelvic fins green usually with a transparent margin, caudal fin with dorsal and ventral edges colored in green occasionally forming thick green margin on posterior of caudal fin, nuptial color often present on anterior portion of head on mouth bleeding into branchiostegal membranes. Closely related congeners include the Etheostoma blennioides (Rafinesque) species complex + E. gutselli (Hildebrand), E. zonale (Cope), E. lynceum (Hay), and E. histrio Jordan and Gilbert. Etheostoma rupestre differs from species in the E. blennioides complex by lacking a sheathed premaxilla, red nuptial coloration, and often-interconnected rows of U - shaped markings on the side. It differs from E. zonale and E. lynceum by possessing large lateral blotches, lacking red nuptial coloration, and by possessing fewer and less distinct vertical nuptial bars. It differs from E. histrio (the only one of these species with which it occurs sympatrically) by possessing a series a black or burgundy irregular lateral blotches and by lacking mottling on the underside of the head and lacking red in fin nuptial coloration.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A168D50DFF22621902BFFE60.taxon	description	Description. A large species of Etheostoma that attains a maximum size of 71 mm SL. Body elongate and cylindrical, slightly compressed, anterior portion of head highly convex, distinct frenum present, eyes large, ovalshaped, and high-set. Paired fins large. Dorsum coloration brassy or olive, ventral surface light olive, 3 – 9 lateral blotches along the midline (variable in shape and degree of separation) that range 3.8 – 8.2 % of SL in average width and 2.8 – 7.5 % of SL in average spacing, six dorsal saddles (highly variable in width, 5.7 – 9.1 % of SL), numerous small dorsolateral dots or tessellations, suborbital and lacrimal bars present. Male nuptial coloration dark green to turquoise, distal band in the first dorsal fin 21.4 – 51.1 % of dorsal-fin depth, total pigment (distal + medial band) depth 49.2 – 78.0 % of dorsal-fin depth. Female genital papilla long and tubular, flattened distally, male genital papilla short and pointed. Lateral scale rows 39 – 65 (45 – 64> 99 % of the time), scales above the lateral line 4 – 7, scales below the lateral line 6 – 12, scales around the caudal peduncle 16 – 23, dorsal-fin spines IX – XII (> 99 % X – XII) rays 9 – 13, anal-fin spines 2, anal-fin rays 5 – 9, nape squamation naked to fully scaled (0 – 100 %), belly squamation 10 – 90 %, vertebrae 36 – 40.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A168D50DFF22621902BFFE60.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Etheostoma rupestre is endemic to the Mobile Basin in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. In the Tombigbee River drainage, it occurs from ~ 40 air-km north of the Tombigbee-Alabama River confluence and extends north to the Black Warrior drainage and northeast Mississippi. In the Alabama and Cahaba River Basins it occurs from ~ 40 air-km north of the Tombigbee-Alabama River confluence north to the headwaters of the Cahaba River in Central Alabama. E. rupestre also occurs sporadically in several disjunct populations in the Coosa and Tallapoosa watersheds — namely in the Uphapee Creek and Hatchet Creek systems in east Alabama, and the Etowah, Talking Rock Creek (Coosawattee), and Conasauga systems in northwest Georgia and extreme southeastern Tennessee. The disjunct range and geographic variation in E. rupestre are discussed in the subspecies descriptions that follow.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A168D50DFF22621902BFFE60.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Etheostoma rupestre typically inhabits fast riffles and runs of large creeks and rivers above gravel and small cobble (Kuehne & Barbour 1983). Previous authors have speculated that the spawning season of E. rupestre lasts from mid-March to April or May (Joachim et al. 2003; Boschung & Mayden 2004). However, in lower Hatchet Creek male E. rupestre have been observed in peak nuptial coloration in mid-February (J. Dattilo, Alabama Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, pers. comm.). Males in peak nuptial coloration and gravid females that appeared ready to spawn were collected from Caffee Creek (Cahaba drainage) on 22 March 2022. Male E. rupestre collected from Opintlocco Creek (Uphapee system) on 17 May 2022 had nuptial coloration that had nearly completely receded. We assume that the spawning season of E. rupestre ranges from mid-February to early April based on our anecdotal observations. Fecundity ranges from 18 – 94 eggs / female (Joachim et al. 2003). The morphology of the female genital papilla suggests that E. rupestre is an egg-attacher — a strategy common to other Neoetheostoma darters (Page 1983). A life history study that incorporates populations from all subspecies is needed.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A168D50DFF22621902BFFE60.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin rupestris meaning living on rocks.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A165D508FF2266FF0358F932.taxon	description	Figure 8 A, Tables 1 – 11	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A165D508FF2266FF0358F932.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. USNM 36695, same as species lectotype. Paratypes. USNM 188971 (17, 22 – 33), same as species paralectotypes. Materials examined (nontypes). Tombigbee River drainage: Alabama. Fayette Co., USNM 398674, (1, 56), Harris Creek, co. rd. 53, 33.7451, - 87.7593, 8 March 2010, A. M. Janosik, C. E. Johnston and T. H. Haley; USNM 398675, (5, 42 – 52) mm SL, same locality, 8 March 2010, A. M. Janosik, C. E. Johnston and T. H. Haley. Marion Co., AUM 49010, Buttahatchee River, downstream site of Buttahatchee Dam,. 75 miles NNE of Pearces Mill (1, 45), 18 July 2007, 34.1261 º, - 87.8369 º; AUM 49032, same locality, (7, 46 – 49), 14 July 2007, 34.1261 º, - 87.8369 º. AUM 23708, McConegal Creek, tributary to Bull Mountain Creek, 8.9 km NNW of Bexar Co. Road 56 (3, 32 – 38), 12 July 1982, 34.2663 °, - 88.1667 º. Sumter Co., AUM 68120, Alamuchee Creek, at Hwy. 80, 3.8 km ENE of Cuba (13, 40 – 55), 11 November 2016, 32.4387 º, - 88.3376 º. Mississippi. Lowndes Co., AUM 20642, Tombigbee River, Buzzard Island 8.4 km S of Columbus (35, 30 – 40), 11 September 1979, 33.4200 º, - 88.4110 º. AUM 3351, unnamed creek, small tributary to Buttahatchee River 8.0 km N of Caledonia on gravel road (2, 36 – 43), 02 October 1968, 33.7126 º, - 88.3200 º. Monroe Co., AUM 20489, Tombigbee River, 6.6 km W of Amory on Highway 278 (13, 29 – 41), 12 September 1980, 33.9820 º, - 88.5190 º. Black Warrior River and North River drainage: Alabama. Jefferson Co., UAIC 3324, Cunningham Creek, 1.6 km S of Morris (Locust Fork) U. S. Route 31 (3, 40 – 45), 17 August 1969, 33.7403 º, - 86.8119 º. Tuscaloosa Co., UAIC 676, Big Sandy Creek (1, 41), 07 February 1959, 33.0360 º, - 87.5870 º; UAIC 834, (10, 38 – 48), 16 February 1962, 33.0337 º, - 87.5821 º; UAIC 409, Gulf States Paper Company Picnic Grounds (5, 36 – 47), 10 August 1954, 33.0333 º, - 87.6083 º. UAIC 804, Big Sandy Creek and Big Sandy Spring (3, 34 – 42), 12 May 1961, 33.0337 º, - 87.5821 º. UAIC 1218, Big Sandy Spring, 8.0 km SE of Coaling (1, 33), 20 February 1964, 33.1011 º, - 87.3261 º; UAIC 1225, same locality (3, 34 – 44), 08 March 1964, 33.0337 º, - 87.5821 º; UAIC 1445, same locality (3, 35 – 41), 12 August 1964, 33.0337 º, - 87.5821 º. UAIC 1243, Carroll Creek, Highway 69, 16.1 – 24.1 km N of Tuscaloosa (North River) (4, 32 – 39), 16 April 1964, 33.29417 º, - 87.5697 º; UAIC 3029, Highway 69, 6.4 km N of junction of Highway 69 and U. S. Highway 82 (North River) (1, 53), 11 August 1968, 33.2942 º, - 87.5697 º. UAIC 929, Cottondale Creek, Keene’s Mill Road (4, 31 – 46), 05 November 1962, 33.1828 º, - 87.4425 º; UAIC 1792, 1.6 km N of Cottondale (3, 31 – 33), 04 December 1965, 33.2006 º, - 87.4462 º. UAIC 1158.03, Hammer Creek, 6.4 km off Watermelon Road, 13.8 km N of Tuscaloosa (9, 31 – 48), 30 January 1963, 33.3389 º, - 87.5258 º. UAIC 59, Hurricane Creek, 183 m downstream of confluence of North Fork (1, 45), 26 September 1950, 33.2203 º, - 87.3108 º. UAIC 61, Lower Cottondale Creek (1, 36), 09 October 1956, 33.1947 º, - 87.4397 º; UAIC 58, 0.8 km upstream of confluence of Hurricane Creek (1, 31), 05 July 1950, 33.2057 º, - 87.4467 º. USNM 36695, North River, Tuscaloosa (1, 31), 1884, no lat / long. available; UAIC 1181, crosses Highway 69 17.7 km N of Tuscaloosa (30, 34 – 48), 23 September 1963, 33.3539 º, - 87.5572 º; UAIC 1182, Watermelon Road, 11.3 km NE Tuscaloosa (10, 30 – 44), 01 October 1963, 33.2914 º, - 87.5128 º; UAIC 1194.03, 3.2 km upstream of Highway 69, 12.9 km N of Northport (43, 28 – 47), 18 November 1964, 33.3461 º, - 87.5786 º; UAIC 2696, 18.0 air km N of Northport (8, 33 – 44), 19 September 1967, 33.3964 º, - 87.5797 º; UAIC 3026, unnamed dirt road 1.6 km W of Highway 69 at Macedonia Church (1, 28), 31 July 1968, 33.3528 º, - 87.5725 º; UAIC 3522, 12.9 air km N of junction of U. S. Highway 82 and Highway 69 (2, 40 – 42), 25 April 1969, 33.3528 º, - 87.5725 º. UAIC 2576, Rice Mine Creek, 3.2 km E of U. S. Highway 82 (3, 36 – 45), 21 January 1967, 33.2369 º, - 87.5125 º. UAIC 1303, Swampy area, Springbranch on N side of U. S. Highway 82 and Big Sandy Creek at Duncanville (2, 35 – 35), 22 June 1964, 33.053 º, - 87.4267 º. UAIC 1169, Turkey Creek, Highway 69, 22.5 km N of Tuscaloosa (2, 32 – 32), 13 March 1963, 33.4097 º, - 87.5111 º; UAIC 1172, 4.0 km W of Highway 69, 19.3 km N of Tuscaloosa (6, 30 – 37), 15 March 1963, 33.3969 º, - 87.5533 º; UAIC 1170, N of Tuscaloosa on Highway 69 (1, 36), 16 June 1963, 33.4097 º, - 87.5111 º; UAIC 3182, Highway 69 (1, 31), 16 January 1973, 33.4097 º, - 87.5111 º; UAIC 5847.09, Highway 69 (3, 30 – 41), 19 November 1979, 33.4097 º, - 87.5111 º; UAIC 5835.13, Highway 69 (2, 29 – 30), 24 October 1979, 33.4097 º, - 87.5111 º; UAIC 5879.04, Highway 69 (1, 51), 18 December 1979, 33.4097 º, - 87.5111 º; UAIC 5888.10, Highway 69 (3, 28 – 39), 29 January 1980, 33.3523 º, - 87.5537 º; UAIC 5897.06, Highway 69 (5, 28 – 33), 21 February 1980, 33.4097, - 87.5111; UAIC 7876.04, 91 m downstream of Highway 69 (bridge crossing) (1, 47), 11 July 1987, 33.41 º, - 87.5092 º; USNM 188971, Tuscaloosa (10, 28 – 31), 1884, no lat / long. available. UAIC 1198, unnamed creek, at confluence of North River on Highway 69, 19.3 km N of Tuscaloosa (16, 31 – 46), 14 October 1965, 33.3556 º, - 87.5583 º. UAIC 1150, unnamed creek, Highway 69 at bridge crossing North River 15.3 km N of Tuscaloosa (6, 37 – 50), 10 January 1963, 33.3539 º, - 87.5572 º; UAIC 1151, bridge crossing North River off Highway 69, 15.3 km N of Tuscaloosa (5, 35 – 46), 08 March 1963, 33.3539 º, - 87.5572 º. AUM 862, unnamed creek, tributary to North River 14.8 km N of Junction 69 (U. S. Highway 82 and Highway 69) (1, 44), 14 April 1968, 33.3840 º, - 87.5840 º. USNM 166029, (12, 33 – 46), unnamed creek, tributary to North River, 11.3 km N of New Lexington on U. S. Highway 43, 07 April 1952, 33.5740 º, - 87.6581 º. UAIC 1647, Black Warrior River, below dam at Tuscaloosa (1, 41), 29 June 1965, 33.2141 º, - 87.5756 º.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A165D508FF2266FF0358F932.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. While individuals of Etheostoma. r. rupestre cannot be morphologically distinguished from other subspecies due to overlap in all traits measured, entire populations can be diagnosed by the following tendencies: populations of E. r. rupestre have modally five scales above the lateral line (as opposed to six in both E. r. piersoni and E. r. uphapeense) (Table 2), tend to have low numbers of lateral line scales (usually 45 – 59 vs. 49 – 63 in other subspecies) (Table 1), tend to have wide ranges of nape squamation (naked to fully scaled in E. r. rupestre vs.> 40 % in other subspecies) (Table 7), and by having few lateral blotches along the midline that may often be diffuse (3 – 8 distinct blotches in E. r. rupestre vs. 5 – 9 in E. r. piersoni and 7 – 9 in E. r. uphapeense) (Table 9).	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A165D508FF2266FF0358F932.taxon	description	Description. Populations of Etheostoma r. rupestre possess the following traits: body ventrally flattened, lateral line scales 45 – 59 in> 99 % of specimens (modally 49 – 53) (Table 1), scale rows above the lateral line 4 – 7 (modally 5) (Table 2), scales below lateral line 6 – 12 (modally 8 – 9) (Table 3), scales around the caudal peduncle 16 – 23 (modally 18 – 20) (Table 4), dorsal-fin spines IX – XII (modally XI) (Table 5), dorsal-fin rays 9 – 13 (modally 11 – 12) (Table 6), nape squamation 0 – 100 % (naked to fully scaled) (mean 75 – 80 % squamation) (Table 7), 10 – 90 % belly squamation (mean 44 – 58 %) (Table 8), lateral blotches tend towards being few and diffuse (3 – 8 distinct blotches, mean 6.4) (Table 9), distance between blotches 3.5 – 7.5 % of SL (mean 4.8 %), lateral blotch width 4.2 – 6.6 % of SL (mean 5.5 %), dorsal saddle width 5.8 – 9.1 % of SL (mean 8.0) (Table 10), distal band in first dorsal fin 21.4 – 48.2 % of fin depth (mean 38.3 %), total first dorsal pigment 59.0 – 74.6 % of fin depth (mean 66.9) (Table 11), nuptial coloration ranging from light blue to dark green.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A165D508FF2266FF0358F932.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The range of Etheostoma. r. rupestre extends from the lower Tombigbee watershed in Alabama to the upper Tombigbee watershed of Mississippi and the Black Warrior watershed (Fig. 2). Etheostoma r. rupestre is disjunct from other E. rupestre subspecies.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A165D508FF2266FF0358F932.taxon	etymology	Etymology. As species. The common name honors Chu-fa Tsai, who has contributed to the understanding of morphological divergence in E. rupestre.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A160D515FF22600203E2FC20.taxon	description	Figure 8 B, Tables 1 – 11 Etheostoma cf. rupestre — Near et al. 201 l: 568, 578, Tbl 1., Fig. 3 (recognition as a distinct lineage, termed Central Rock Darter).	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A160D515FF22600203E2FC20.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Alabama. Dallas / Wilcox Co., USNM 398677, 61 mm SL, Chilatchee Creek, Hwy 5, 32.2359 °, - 87.4091 °, 26 March 2010, C. E. Johnston, A. M. Janosik, D. E. Holt and T. H. Haley. Paratopotypes. USNM 398678, (2, 43 – 46) mm SL, same locality, 32.2359 °, - 87.4091 °, 26 March 2010, C. E. Johnston, A. M. Janosik, D. E. Holt and T. H. Haley. Paratypes. Alabama and Cahaba River drainages: Alabama. Bibb Co., AUM 39178, Cahaba River, 6.2 airmi NE of Centreville, Hwy 27 (5, 47 – 55), 23 – 24 October 1978, no lat / long available; AUM 38753, 0.6 miles downstream of the Harrisburg Bridge, at the first gravel island (14, 43 – 55), 6 November 1983 32.8545 °, - 87.2001 °; AUM 2516, 13.4 km N of Centerville on Highway 27 (2, 46 – 51), 13 May 1969, 33.0636 °, - 87.1308 °; AUM 5880, 10.0 air km NE of Centerville on Highway 27 (21, 40 – 51), 21 November 1971, 33.0394 °, - 87.1308 °. AUM 18172, Schultz Creek, 6.3 air km NNW of Centerville on Highway 219 (2, 30 – 48), 08 September 1978, 33.0021 °, - 87.1483 °. Butler Co., AUM 68107, Cedar Creek, at Cedar Creek Plantation, 13 km NW of Greenville (1, 64), 13 October 2016, 31.90968 º, - 86.71909 º. AUM 74489, Caffee Creek, riffle near Griffin Town Road (5, 46 – 58), 22 March 2022, 33.12001 º, - 87.10619 º. Dallas Co., AUM 7481, Mush Creek, 4.8 air km S of Sardis on Highway 41 (2, 46 – 46), 03 April 1972, 32.2444 °, - 86.9928 °; AUM 7653, 4.8 air km S of Sardis on Highway 41 (4, 34 – 51), 11 July 1972, 32.2444 °, - 86.9928 °; AUM 7813, 4.8 air km S of Sardis on Highway 41 (14, 35 – 47), 17 October 1972, 32.2444 °, - 86.9928 °. Jefferson Co., AUM 47076, Cahaba River, Grant’s Mill, downstream of Grant’s Mill Road bridge (1, 50), 5 October 2006, 33.5110 º, - 86.6584 º; AUM 49331, Mill Dam site of Grant’s Mill, 1 mi SE of Moore Corner, AL (2, 47 – 51), 6 June 2007, 33.5089 º, - 86.6436 º; AUM 18694, 11.1 air km WSW of Leeds on Highway 143 (5, 35 – 46), 28 March 1979, 33.6604 °, - 86.5894 °. Monroe Co., AUM 15507, Big Flat Creek, 12.9 air km NW of Monroeville on Highway 14 (24, 34 – 54), 16 October 1977, 31.6078 °, - 87.415 °. USNM 199547, Unnamed creek, tributary of Limestone Creek between Monroeville and Mexia (1, 47), 27 November 1962, 31.5148 °, - 87.3559 °. Monroe Co., AUM 48923, Big Flat Creek, downstream site of Rikard’s Mill, 1 mile NNW of Fountain (2, 49 – 51), 22 July 2007, 31.6084 º, - 87.4143 º. Shelby Co., AUM 5699, Cahaba River, 4.2 air km N of Marvel (1, 49), 16 May 1971, 33.1867 °, - 86.9997 °; AUM 56142, 2.5 airmi WSW of Helena, Hwy 52 (1, 57), 5 December 1978, 33.2846 º, - 86.8827 º; AUM 6660, at river mile 3.4 on J Foshee’s Cahaba Section 8 map (1, 53), 26 September 1981, 33.2495 º, - 86.9370 º; AUM 65819, at river mile 1.5 on J. Foshee’s Cahaba Section 5 map (2, 44 – 57), 07 November 1981 33.4037 º, - 86.7572 º; AUM 41174, at Booth Ford, 4.5 airmi N of Marvel, Hwy 251 (2, 57 – 61), 6 October 1978, no lat / long available; AUM 66613, at river mile 5.0 on J. Foshee’s Cahaba Section 8 map (1, 48), 26 September 1981, 33.2360 º, - 86.9430 º; AUM 66657, at river mile 4.0 on J. Foshee’s Cahaba Section 6 map (1, 46), 24 October 1981, 33.3289 º, - 86.8441 º.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A160D515FF22600203E2FC20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. While there is considerable overlap among all traits measured rendering individuals undiagnosable, populations can be diagnosed. Populations of E. r. piersoni differ from E. r. rupestre by possessing modally six scales above the lateral line (as opposed to five in E. r. rupestre) (Table 2), by possessing a higher range of lateral line scales than populations of E. r. rupestre (49 – 63 in E. r. piersoni vs. usually 45 – 59 in E. r. rupestre) (Table 1), by having a much narrower range of nape squamation (> 80 % scaled in E. r. piersoni vs. 0 – 100 % scaled in E. r. rupestre) (Table 7), and by having a higher number of lateral blotches (5 – 9 in E. r. piersoni vs. 3 – 8 in E. r. rupestre) (Table 9). Populations of E. r. piersoni can be distinguished from populations of E. r. uphapeense by possessing a lower range and mean of blotches that tend to be slightly more diffuse (5 – 9 distinct blotches in E. r. piersoni vs. 7 – 9 in E. r. uphapeense) (Table 9). E. r. piersoni and E. r. uphapeense can be further distinguished with genetics (see Janosik et al. 2023).	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A160D515FF22600203E2FC20.taxon	description	Description. Populations of E. r. piersoni possess the following traits: lateral line scales 49 – 62 (modally 54 – 60) (Table 1), scales above the lateral line 5 – 7 (modally 6) (Table 2), scales below the lateral line 6 – 11 (modally 8 – 9) (Table 3), scales around the caudal peduncle 18 – 23 (modally 19 – 21) (Table 4), dorsal spines X – XIII (modally XI – XII) (Table 5), dorsal-fin rays 10 – 13 (modally 11 – 12) (Table 6), Nape squamation 80 – 100 % (mean 92 – 96 %) (Table 7), belly squamation 40 – 90 % (mean 58 – 60 %) (Table 8), distinct lateral blotches 5 – 9 (mean 7.0) (Table 9), distance between lateral blotches 2.8 – 6.6 % of SL (mean 4.6 %), average lateral blotch width 4.6 – 8.2 % of SL (mean 6.2 %), average dorsal saddle width 6.6 – 8.8 % of SL (mean 7.9 %) (Table 10), male distal band in first dorsal fin 24.9 – 51.1 % of fin depth (mean 39.6 %), total first dorsal pigment 49.2 – 78.0 % of fin depth (mean 64.0 %) (Table 11), nuptial coloration ranging from light blue to dark green.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A160D515FF22600203E2FC20.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Etheostoma rupestre piersoni is endemic to the Alabama and Cahaba watersheds of central Alabama (Fig. 2). It is allopatric to E. r. rupestre and E. r. uphapeense.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A160D515FF22600203E2FC20.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of J. Malcom Pierson, an ichthyologist who made outstanding contributions to the study of Alabama’s ichthyofauna. Shamrock Darter refers to the nuptial color and pattern as it resembles that of Shamrock leaves. The common name serves as a double entendre for a derivation of the original Rock Darter (“ sham- ” (false derivative) “ - rock ” (Rock Darter )).	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A17DD514FF22633603CBF9C4.taxon	description	Figure 7 C, Tables 1 – 11 Etheostoma cf. rupestre — Near et al. 201 l: 568, 578, Tbl 1., Fig. 3 (recognition as a distinct lineage, termed Eastern Rock Darter).	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A17DD514FF22633603CBF9C4.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Alabama. Macon Co., USNM 398679, 53 mm SL, Uphapee Creek, I 85, 32.4745 º - 85.6881 º, 19 April 2010, K. M. Dowling, T. H. Haley and R. K. Bolton. Paratopotypes. Alabama. Macon Co., USNM 398680, same locality, (14, 35 – 45), 3 / 8 November 2008; USNM 398681, same locality, (1, 50), 9 January 2008; USNM 398682, same locality, (1, 40), 9 January 2008; USNM 398683, (1, 38), same locality, 9 January 2008; AUM 5147, Uphapee Creek, 5.6 air km N of Tuskegee on Interstate- 85 (4, 29 – 34), 16 August 1969, 32.4747 º, - 85.6864 º; AUM 6564, 5.6 air km N of Tuskegee on Interstate- 85 (24, 38 – 62), 29 October 1971, 32.475 º, - 85.6869 º; AUM 47401, at SR 81, 3.65 miles N of Tuskegee (3, 47 – 51), 9 January 2008, 32.4747 º, - 85.6864 º. Paratypes. Coosa River drainage: Alabama. Coosa Co., AUM 18036, Hatchet Creek, 6.1 air km N of Rockford on Highway 231 (1, 39), 14 July 1978, 32.9441 º, - 86.2042 º; AUM 18179, 6.1 air km N of Rockford on Highway 231 (1, 31), 08 September 1978, 32.9442 º, - 86.2042 º; UAIC 10590.15, 9.7 km W of Rockford, 3.7 km N of Kelly’s Crossroads on gravel logging road (2, 35 – 42), 26 October 1990, 32.8697 º, - 86.3211 º; UAIC 10591.20, 6.4 km NNE of Rockford, 0.3 km N of U. S. Highway 231 (4, 36 – 40), 27 October 1990, 32.9442 º, - 86.2036 º; UAIC 11534.10, U. S. Highway 280, 7.2 km WSW of Goodwater (3, 33 – 37), 16 September 1996, 33.03611 º, - 86.1233 º. Georgia. Cherokee Co., UAIC 12413, Etowah River, Coker’s Church Road 1.6 km SE of Gober (2, 42 – 47), 26 February 2000, 34.2692 º, - 84.4186 º. Whitfield Co., AUM 9111, Conasauga River, Beaverdale on Highway 2 at Murray Co. line (2, 50 – 56), 01 August 1974, 34.9901 º, - 84.7744 º. Tennessee. Bradley Co., USNM 231113, Conasauga River, Highway 74 (2, 38 – 39), 16 May 1970, 35.0016 º, - 84.7785 º; UAIC 12835.10, Highway 74, downstream to mouth of Mill Creek (1, 51), 15 May 1977, 33.2942 º, - 87.5697 º. Tallapoosa River drainage: Alabama. Macon Co., UAIC 9696.21, Chewacla Creek, Co. Road 22, 9.7 km E of Tuskegee (6, 33 – 42), 20 October 1987, 32.4097 º, - 85.5936 º; AUM 69405, at gauging station at old CR 33 bridge crossing, 4.3 miles S of Auburn (1, 57), 28 July 2017, 32.5477 º, - 85.4810 º. AUM 47177, Uphapee Creek, at swamp trib. inlet, unmarked dirt road immediately before Hwy 29 crossing, 4 miles NW of Tuskegee (1, 51), 22 July 2002, 32.4394 º, - 85.6403 º. AUM 42074, Choctafaula Creek, at junction with Uphapee Creek (1, 51), 30 October 1991, no lat / long available; AUM 66500, at FSR 900, 4 miles NE of Tuskegee, Tuskegee National Forest (5, 46 – 59), 16 August 2001, 32.4676 º, - 85.6374 º. AUM 34523, Choctafaula Creek, ST 186, 6 miles NE of Tuskegee (1, 44), 20 June 2001, 32.4792 º, - 85.6258 º. AUM 74479, Opintlocco Creek, at Old Columbus Road (CR 26), first run upstream (6, 48 – 60), 17 May 2022, 32.4125 º, 85.6166 º.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A17DD514FF22633603CBF9C4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. While Etheostoma r. uphapeense has large degrees of overlap with other subspecies in every trait measured, populations can be diagnosed and distinguished from other subspecies based on the following morphological tendencies: populations of E. r. uphapeense differ from E. r. rupestre by possessing modally six scales above the lateral line (as opposed to five in E. r. rupestre) (Table 2), by possessing a higher range of lateral line scales than populations of E. r. rupestre (49 – 63 in E. r. uphapeense vs. usually 45 – 59 in E. r. rupestre) (Table 1), by having a much narrower range of nape squamation (> 40 % scaled in E. r. uphapeense vs. 0 – 100 % scaled in E. r. rupestre) (Table 7), and by possessing a higher number of lateral blotches (7 – 9 in E. r. uphapeense vs. 3 – 8 in E. r. rupestre). Populations of E. r. uphapeense possess 7 – 9 distinct lateral blotches (mean 7.7) as opposed to 5 – 9 (mean 7.0) in E. r. piersoni (Table 9). Etheostoma r. uphapeense and E. r. piersoni are genetically distinct and monophyletic on cytochrome b (Janosik et al., 2023).	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A17DD514FF22633603CBF9C4.taxon	description	Description. Populations of Etheostoma r. uphapeense possess the following traits: lateral line scales 49 – 63 (modally 54 – 60) (Table 1), scale rows above the lateral line 5 – 7 (modally 6) (Table 2), scale rows below the lateral line 6 – 11 (modally 8 – 10) (Table 3), scales around the caudal peduncle 17 – 22 (modally 19 – 21) (Table 4), dorsal spines X – XII (modally XI – XII) (Table 5), dorsal-fin rays 10 – 13 (modally 12) (Table 6), nape squamation 40 – 100 % (mean 70 – 97 %) (Table 7), belly squamation 20 – 70 % (mean 45 – 54 %) (Table 8), Lateral blotches tend towards being well-defined and typically range 7 – 9 (mean 7.7) (Table 9), distance between lateral blotches 4.0 – 6.1 % of SL (mean 5.0 %), average lateral blotch width 3.8 – 5.3 % of SL (mean 4.6 %), dorsal saddle width 5.7 – 8.0 % of SL (mean 6.9 %) (Table 10), male distal band in first dorsal fin 24.5 – 50.7 % of fin depth (mean 43.4 %), total first dorsal pigment 53.4 – 76.9 % of fin depth (mean 64.7 %) (Table 11), nuptial coloration ranging from light blue to dark green.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A17DD514FF22633603CBF9C4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Etheostoma rupestre uphapeense is restricted to several small, disjunct populations in the Coosa and Tallapoosa basins of eastern Alabama, Northwest Georgia, and extreme southeastern Tennessee (Fig. 2). The following are the systems known to possess populations of E. r. uphapeense: In the Tallapoosa system: Uphapee Creek and its tributaries; In the Coosa system: Hatchet Creek, The Conasauga River, Talking Rock Creek (Coosawattee system), and the Etowah River. Very few individuals of E. r. uphapeense have been reported historically from certain other streams in the Coosa (e. g., Choccolocco Creek), and additional isolated populations may eventually be discovered in the Coosa watershed.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A17DD514FF22633603CBF9C4.taxon	discussion	Comments. Etheostoma rupestre uphapeense has a spotty distribution and is often uncommon where it occurs. We recommend routine monitoring to ensure population numbers are stable.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
394487F6A17DD514FF22633603CBF9C4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The subspecific epithet uphapeense is derived from Uphapee Creek from which the holotype was collected. The word Uphapee’s origin (alternative spellings Euphapee or Euphaube) is traditionally attributed to the Muskogean language family and may derive from the word nofapi (Hitchiti dialect) which means beech tree (Bright 2004). We assign the common name Jade Darter to this subspecies, as jade is a green-colored rock and its appearance can be likened to that of E. r. uphapeense.	en	Hilburn, Bryson G., Janosik, Alexis M., Johnston, Carol E. (2023): Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies. Zootaxa 5343 (2): 151-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5343.2.3
