identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F30587852F43FFAF15A3FAFB72FA21C0.text	F30587852F43FFAF15A3FAFB72FA21C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirotaenia Brebisson 1848	<div><p>Key to the Neotropical species of  Spirotaenia</p><p>1. Chloroplast consisting of four spiraling ribbons .............................................................................................................  S tetrahelica</p><p>- Chloroplast consisting of a single ribbon ...........................................................................................................................................2</p><p>2. Cells narrowly fusiform with acute poles...........................................................................................................................................3</p><p>- Cells cylindric with broadly rounded poles........................................................................................................................................4</p><p>3. Cells 5–8 times longer than broad, two tiny reddish dots at each end ..........................................................................  S. beijerinckii</p><p>- Cells 5 times longer than broad, without reddish dots at each end .......................................................................................  S. minuta</p><p>4. Cells narrow, 17–31 times longer than broad....................................................................................................................  S. filiformis</p><p>- Cells wide, 2–10 times longer than broad ..........................................................................................................................................5</p><p>5. Cells curved .....................................................................................................................................................................  S. closteridia</p><p>- Cells straight.......................................................................................................................................................................................6</p><p>6. Cells less than 30 μm long................................................................................................................................................  S. endospira</p><p>- Cells over than 30 μm long.................................................................................................................................................................7</p><p>7. Cells less than 80 μm long, chloroplast notably red at the ends..............................................................................  S. erythrocephala</p><p>- Cells over than 80 μm long, chloroplast without red cap at the ends............................................................................  S. condensata</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F30587852F43FFAF15A3FAFB72FA21C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Souza, Bruna Fadul De;Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Souza, Bruna Fadul De, Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2023): New insights into the diversity and distribution of the genus Spirotaenia (Mesotaeniaceae, Streptophyta) in the Neotropics, including the description of S. tetrahelica sp. nov. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 29-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2
F30587852F43FFAC15A3F8BB756A24B3.text	F30587852F43FFAC15A3F8BB756A24B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirotaenia tetrahelica G. J. P. Ramos & C. W. N. Moura 2023	<div><p>Spirotaenia tetrahelica G.J.P.Ramos &amp; C.W.N.Moura,  sp. nov. (Figs. 1–4, 11)</p><p>Diagnosis: Cells 6–8 times longer than wide, broadly fusiform with rounded to slightly truncated poles. chloroplast ribbon-shaped, parietal, with four spiral ribbons that merge at the cell poles, sometimes with slightly reddish or brownish coloration at the ends. Cell dimensions: length 55–77.5 μm, width 9.5–10.5 μm.</p><p>Type:—   BRAZIL. Bahia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.473057&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.484445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.473057/lat -12.484445)">Lençóis</a>, Lat. 12°29’04” S, Long. 41°28’23” W, 15 September 2022, G. J. P  .  Ramos s/n (Holotype HUESC 26222!) .</p><p>Holotype:—Material numbered (HUESC 26222!) [pro parte], deposited at  Herbarium of State University of Santa Cruz, population partially illustrated here (Figs. 1–4, 11).</p><p>Ecology:— puddle; metaphyton, pooled with various  Cyperaceae and associated filamentous algae such as  Mougeotia and  Spirogyra spp.; abiotic water data: pH 4.3, temperature 25.4 ºC, conductivity 14 μS/cm, TDS 7 ppm, ORP 406 mV.</p><p>Etymology:— The epithet is due to the four spiral ribbons of the chloroplast.</p><p>Distribution: South America: Brazil (present study).</p><p>Differential diagnosis:—  Spirotaenia tetrahelica differs from other species of the genus by having fusiform cells with rounded to slightly truncated poles and a chloroplast composed of four spiral ribbons that merge at the cell poles.</p><p>At first glance,  Spirotaenia tetrahelica could be confused with  S. diplohelica, another notable  Spirotaenia species with chloroplast having more than one parietal ribbon. However, the latter species is distinguished by the presence of only two loosely spiraled ribbons that merge into a reddish-colored cap at both cell poles, and by its smaller dimensions: length 25–40 μm, breadth 6–8 μm (Coesel &amp; Meesters 2007). Although  S. tetrahelica can also have a reddish/brownish-colored cap at the chloroplast ends, in our analyzed population, this pattern was less frequent and notable compared to other species such as  S. diplohelica and  S. erythrocephala . Furthermore, the chloroplast ribbons in  S. tetrahelica are slightly thinner than those of  S. diplohelica .</p><p>In terms of morphology,  S. diplohelica can still be mistaken for representatives of  Tortitaenia obscura (Ralfs) Brook (1998: 146), primarily due to the presence of various helical ribbons in their chloroplasts. However,  Spirotaenia species possess a parietal chloroplast forming one or more spiral ribbons, while  Tortitaenia species have an axial chloroplast with multiple spiral ridges.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F30587852F43FFAC15A3F8BB756A24B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Souza, Bruna Fadul De;Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Souza, Bruna Fadul De, Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2023): New insights into the diversity and distribution of the genus Spirotaenia (Mesotaeniaceae, Streptophyta) in the Neotropics, including the description of S. tetrahelica sp. nov. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 29-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2
F30587852F40FFAC15A3FC3173C222EA.text	F30587852F40FFAC15A3FC3173C222EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirotaenia beijerinckii Coesel 2002	<div><p>Spirotaenia beijerinckii Coesel (2002: 72) (Figs. 5, 12)</p><p>Cells 5–8 times longer than wide, fusiform with narrowly apices, chloroplast ribbon-shaped, parietal, constituted by a single loosely twisted helical ribbon, with two tiny reddish dots at each end. Cell length 25–42 μm, breadth 4.5–5 μm.</p><p>Material examined:   Brazil, Bahia State, municipality of Uruçuca, Serra Grande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.136948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.493334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.136948/lat -14.493334)">Parque Estadual Serra do Conduru</a>, 20/IV/2023, 14°29’36” S 39°08’13” W, B. F  .  Souza (HUESC 26220) .</p><p>Ecology: pond; periphyton associated to aquatic macrophytes, including  Eleocharis sp.; abiotic variables of water: pH 6.4, temperature 32.4 ºC, conductivity 24 μS/cm, TDS 12 ppm, ORP 177 mV.</p><p>Distribution: Europe: Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom (Brook &amp; Williamson 2011, Guiry &amp; Guiry 2023); South America: Brazil (present study).</p><p>Note:  Spirotaenia beijerinckii is a species that has only been documented in northern hemisphere countries so far. It typically inhabits oligotrophic and shallow environments characterized by acidic conditions (Coesel &amp; Meesters 2007). Its prominent characteristic is the presence of two small red dots at each end of the chloroplast. This coloration may lead to confusion with  S. erythrocephala, which can be distinguished by its more rounded cell poles and a continuously reddish chloroplast end, lacking the two small red dots found in  S. beijerinckii .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F30587852F40FFAC15A3FC3173C222EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Souza, Bruna Fadul De;Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Souza, Bruna Fadul De, Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2023): New insights into the diversity and distribution of the genus Spirotaenia (Mesotaeniaceae, Streptophyta) in the Neotropics, including the description of S. tetrahelica sp. nov. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 29-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2
F30587852F40FFAA15A3F9DA7352267C.text	F30587852F40FFAA15A3F9DA7352267C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirotaenia erythrocephala Itzigsohn	<div><p>Spirotaenia erythrocephala Itzigsohn in Braun (1856: 46) (Figs. 6–10, 13)</p><p>Cells 6–8 times longer than wide, fusiform with rounded poles. Chloroplast broad, spiral, notably red at the ends. Cell dimensions: length 57–62 μm, width 6.5–7.5 μm.</p><p>Material examined:   Brazil, Bahia State, municipality of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.48639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.508611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.48639/lat -12.508611)">Lençóis</a>, 15/IX/2022, 12°30’31” S 41°29’11” W, G. J. P  .  Ramos et al. (HUESC 26221) .</p><p>Ecology: metaphyton, puddle, backwater near Águas Claras waterfall; abiotic water data: pH 4.9, temperature 26.2 ºC, conductivity 10 μS/cm, TDS 0 ppm, ORP 431 mV.</p><p>Geographic distribution: Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Germany, Romania, Slovakia; United Kingdom (Guiry &amp; Guiry 2023); Africa: Mozambique (Rino 1972); Asia: South Korea (Guiry &amp; Guiry 2023); India (Animica &amp; Palanisamy 2022), Turkey (Akar &amp; Avci 2022); North America: USA (Matthews 2023); South America: Brazil (present study).</p><p>Note: The primary characteristic of  S. erythrocephala is the presence of chloroplast with a wide parietal ribbon that terminate in a reddish portion at the apices. In our analysis, a substantial population was observed, with numerous individuals reproducing through binary division. However, no zygospores of this species were found.</p><p>In addition to the current record in Brazil, other reports of this species occurring outside of Europe are recent. Notably, Kim et al. (2020) documented its presence in South Korea, Animica &amp; Palanisamy (2022) reported it in India, and Matthews (2023) observed representatives in northeast Washington (USA).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F30587852F40FFAA15A3F9DA7352267C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Souza, Bruna Fadul De;Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Souza, Bruna Fadul De, Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2023): New insights into the diversity and distribution of the genus Spirotaenia (Mesotaeniaceae, Streptophyta) in the Neotropics, including the description of S. tetrahelica sp. nov. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 29-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2
F30587852F46FFAA15A3F9C573A6208C.text	F30587852F46FFAA15A3F9C573A6208C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirotaenia closteridia (Ktzing) Rabenhorst 1868	<div><p>Spirotaenia closteridia (Ķtzing) Rabenhorst (1868: 146) (Fig. 16)</p><p>Basionym:  Palmogloea closteridia Ķtzing (1849: 228)</p><p>Cells 6–8 times longer than broad, with a slight curvature, narrowed towards the rounded poles, chloroplast ribbon-shaped, parietal, that makes 1.5–3.5 turns. Cell dimensions: length 15–33 μm, breadth 2.5–4 μm.</p><p>Distribution: Europe: Austria, France, Germany, Russian Federation, Ukraine (Guiry &amp; Guiry 2023, Kossinskaja 1952); North America: USA (Prescott et al. 1972). South America: Brazil (Ramos et al. 2017).</p><p>Ecology: plankton, metaphyton; spring water, bromeliad phytotelm.</p><p>Note: The slightly curvature pattern of the cell is the main morphological feature of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F30587852F46FFAA15A3F9C573A6208C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Souza, Bruna Fadul De;Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Souza, Bruna Fadul De, Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2023): New insights into the diversity and distribution of the genus Spirotaenia (Mesotaeniaceae, Streptophyta) in the Neotropics, including the description of S. tetrahelica sp. nov. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 29-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2
F30587852F46FFAA15A3FE19750F23B8.text	F30587852F46FFAA15A3FE19750F23B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirotaenia condensata Ralfs 1848	<div><p>Spirotaenia condensata Ralfs (1848: 179) (Fig. 14)</p><p>Cells long-cylindrical, up to 12 times longer than broad, with broadly rounded poles, chloroplast ribbon-shaped, broad, parietal. Cell length (87–)120–190 μm. breadth 15–25 μm.</p><p>Ecology: plankton, metaphyton, periphyton; ponds, puddles, wetlands,  Sphagnum bogs; oligo-mesotrophic, slightly acidic habitats.</p><p>Distribution: Europe: Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom; North America: Canada, Greenland, USA; Central America: Cuba, Guatemala, Panama; Africa: Botswana, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali, Morocco, Namibia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Zaïre, Zambia; Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Russian Federation, Singapore, Thailand; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (Compère 1977, Fritsch &amp; Rich 1924, Grönblad &amp; Croasdale 1971, Guiry &amp; Guiry 2023, Hancock 1973, Kossinskaja 1952, Rino 1971); South America: Argentina (Yacubson 1960, Tell 1985), Bolivia (Thérézien 1991), Brazil (Förster 1969, Bicudo &amp; Bicudo 1969, Sophia 1991, Taniguchi et al. 1998, Soares et al. 2007, Oliveira et al. 2013, Ramos et al. 2017), Venezuela (Krieger &amp; Bourrelly 1956).</p><p>Note:  Spirotaenia condensata is the most well-known species of the genus  Spirotaenia, with numerous records worldwide. Its large size, cylindrical cells outline with broadly rounded apices, and the presence of large twisted ribbons of the chloroplast make this species easily recognizable. These cells are generally linearly paired and enveloped by a sheath of mucilage.  Spirotaenia sp. reported by Yacubson (1960: 65, pl. I, fig. 8) from “ Provincia de Córdoba ” (Argentina) corresponds to  S. condensata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F30587852F46FFAA15A3FE19750F23B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Souza, Bruna Fadul De;Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Souza, Bruna Fadul De, Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2023): New insights into the diversity and distribution of the genus Spirotaenia (Mesotaeniaceae, Streptophyta) in the Neotropics, including the description of S. tetrahelica sp. nov. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 29-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2
F30587852F46FFAA15A3FB2D74CF2100.text	F30587852F46FFAA15A3FB2D74CF2100.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirotaenia endospira W. Archer 1864	<div><p>Spirotaenia endospira W.Archer (1864: 15) (Fig. 15)</p><p>Cells 2.3–4 times longer than broad, straight or very slightly curved, oblong-cylindrical with broadly rounded poles, chloroplast a parietal ribbon making 1–2.5 turns. Cell dimensions: length 7–18 μm, breadth 3–4.5 μm.</p><p>Geographic distribution:</p><p>Europe: Austria, Britain, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, United Kingdom (Guiry &amp; Guiry 2023); North America: USA (Guiry &amp; Guiry 2023); Asia: South Korea (Guiry &amp; Guiry 2023); South America: Brazil (Ramos et al. 2017).</p><p>Ecology: plankton, metaphyton; puddles, bromeliad phytotelmata</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F30587852F46FFAA15A3FB2D74CF2100	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Souza, Bruna Fadul De;Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Souza, Bruna Fadul De, Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2023): New insights into the diversity and distribution of the genus Spirotaenia (Mesotaeniaceae, Streptophyta) in the Neotropics, including the description of S. tetrahelica sp. nov. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 29-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2
F30587852F47FFAB15A3FD6D76192309.text	F30587852F47FFAB15A3FD6D76192309.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirotaenia filiformis G. J. P. Ramos, C. E. M. Bicudo & C. W. N. Moura 2017	<div><p>Spirotaenia filiformis G.J.P.Ramos, C.E.M.Bicudo &amp; C.W.N.Moura (2017: 268) (Fig. 18)</p><p>Cells 17–31 times longer than broad, long-cylindrical, narrowed toward the poles, poles rounded. Cells straight or slightly curved. Chloroplast a parietal ribbon making 3.5–8.5 turns, pyrenoids in series, one per turn. Cell dimensions: length 26–94 μm, breadth 1.5–3 μm.</p><p>Geographic distribution: South America: Brazil (Ramos et al. 2017).</p><p>Ecology: plankton; bromeliad phytotelmata</p><p>Note: This species was described a few years ago based on material collected in bromeliad tanks (phytotelm) in Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. To date, this remains the only known record, suggesting a possible endemic status within Brazil. Its thinnest and elongated cylindrical cells are remarkable, making this species easily to be identified within the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F30587852F47FFAB15A3FD6D76192309	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Souza, Bruna Fadul De;Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Souza, Bruna Fadul De, Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2023): New insights into the diversity and distribution of the genus Spirotaenia (Mesotaeniaceae, Streptophyta) in the Neotropics, including the description of S. tetrahelica sp. nov. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 29-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2
F30587852F47FFAB15A3FF6574932578.text	F30587852F47FFAB15A3FF6574932578.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirotaenia minuta Thuret 1856	<div><p>Spirotaenia minuta Thuret (1856: 157) (Fig. 17)</p><p>Cells 5 times longer than wide, fusiform with narrowly apices, chloroplast ribbon-shaped, parietal, constituted by a single loosely twisted helical ribbon. Cell length 32–33 μm, breadth 6 μm.</p><p>Geographic distribution: Europe: Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom; North America: USA; Africa: South Africa (Cholnoky 1955), Asia: South Korea; Oceania: Australia and New Zealand (Guiry &amp; Guiry 2023); South America: Argentina (Guarrera &amp; Kuhnemann 1949, Tell 1985), Bolivia (Borge 1906).</p><p>Ecology: Occurs in both hard- and soft-water situations (Prescott et al. 1972).</p><p>Note:  Spirotaenia minuta has been reported in Bolivia (Borge 1906), but the taxonomic information is limited to cell dimensions (32–33 µm in length, 6 µm in width, Borge 1906). Tell (1985) referenced Guarrera &amp; Kuhnemann (1949) for Tierra del Fuego (Argentina), but did not provide detailed information. Therefore, further studies are recommended to confirm the occurrence of this species in the Neotropics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F30587852F47FFAB15A3FF6574932578	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Souza, Bruna Fadul De;Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Souza, Bruna Fadul De, Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2023): New insights into the diversity and distribution of the genus Spirotaenia (Mesotaeniaceae, Streptophyta) in the Neotropics, including the description of S. tetrahelica sp. nov. Phytotaxa 613 (1): 29-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.613.1.2
