taxonID	type	description	language	source
A47F8FD9F57149D415D457D549337A7C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adult Lactura nalli are similar to L. basistriga, and in some cases indistinguishable. The following generalizations can be made when comparing series of adults: when the red basal streak is present, it is almost always shorter, usually ending before the most basal antemedial spot; the antemedial wing spots tend to be more reduced; and the hindwings are more roseate and given to pink, while those of L. basistriga are more orange-red in hue. L. nalli can be distinguished from L. rubritegula by the absence of red tegular scales (that are visible in dorsal view). Like L. basistriga, many individuals can be differentiated from L. rubritegula by a reduced upper postmedial spot and the convex arc facing the termen of the three lower postmedial spots. L. nalli can be separated from L. subfervens by the absence of the scattered flecking of red or brown scales over the forewing. Female genitalia overlap with L. basistriga but differ from other Lactura in having 4 - 5 anterior whirls present in the spiraled ductus bursae. Larvae can be immediately distinguished from those of other North American Lactura by their green semitransparent dorsum lacking any black or white markings, which is in stark contrast to the dark dorsum of L. basistriga.	en	Matson, Tanner A., Wagner, David L., Miller, Scott E. (2019): A Revision of North American Lactura (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae). ZooKeys 846: 75-116, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953
A47F8FD9F57149D415D457D549337A7C.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined. Adults. TX: Starr Co., Falcon Heights (26.5585 N, 99.1220 W), 27 February 2018, Berry Nall coll. (1 ♂); TX: Starr Co., Falcon Heights (26.5585 N, 99.1220 W), 06 March 2018, Berry Nall coll., BBN 18 # 07 (1 ♂) Larvae. TX: Starr Co., Falcon Heights (26.5337 N, 99.1059 W), ex-ova from female 25 February 2018 - 6 March 2018, BBN 18 # 01, BBN 18 # 05, BBN 18 # 06, BBN 18 # 07, Berry Nall coll., (n ~ 60) (UCMS).	en	Matson, Tanner A., Wagner, David L., Miller, Scott E. (2019): A Revision of North American Lactura (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae). ZooKeys 846: 75-116, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953
A47F8FD9F57149D415D457D549337A7C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We name this new species after our colleague Berry Nall who provided the majority of type material, reared four clutches of larvae, and first photographed the larva.	en	Matson, Tanner A., Wagner, David L., Miller, Scott E. (2019): A Revision of North American Lactura (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae). ZooKeys 846: 75-116, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953
3E158680A7A88BB06B1FABBB37970667.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lactura subfervens adults can be immediately distinguished by the presence of scattered smoky red scales (although highly variable in density) over the forewing. The forewing lacks the basal subcostal red or black dash usually present in L. atrolinea, L. basistriga, and L. nalli. This species can also be separated from L. basistriga, L. nalli, and L. rubritegula by the absence of red scaling at the base of the patagium. Female genitalia differ from those of other Lactura in having 11 or 12 coils along the ductus bursae. The caterpillar is among the most distinct of the North America Lactura: it is the only species whose ground color is predominately white; seven pairs of pale stripes run the length of the body, giving the larva a frosted appearance. The darker stripes are due to the larva's internal coloration showing through its transparent body wall; with the exception of the prothoracic shield, there is essentially no black pigmentation dorsally or laterally along the trunk.	en	Matson, Tanner A., Wagner, David L., Miller, Scott E. (2019): A Revision of North American Lactura (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae). ZooKeys 846: 75-116, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953
7328887F0A3B1198A01B3DC02FAC05A4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Forewing pattern instantly distinguishes this species from its congeners. The most notable difference is the black streaking along the veins of the forewing, and two oblong antemedial spots and three oblong postmedial spots in the lower half of the forewing. The postmedial spots are arranged in a triangular pattern with the lower distal spot touching the inner margin. Female genitalia have 9 - 10 distal spirals in the ductus bursae. The larva's orange verrucae on white to orange addorsal stripes distinguishes it from all other Nearctic Lactura.	en	Matson, Tanner A., Wagner, David L., Miller, Scott E. (2019): A Revision of North American Lactura (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae). ZooKeys 846: 75-116, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953
3C54FF4134019EDD70F793560577351B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lactura atrolinea is easily distinguished by its larger size and nearly continuous series of black antemedial and postmedial spots. The tegula is black apically as are the spots over the thorax; the forewing has a thin black subcostal dash. In females the ductus bursae has five or six coils anteriorly. The larva displays attractive, metallic blue, dorsal warts that unmistakably separate this species from its co-occurring Texas congeners. Figures 44 - 49. Lactura last instars. 44 Lactura pupula 45 Lactura subfervens 46 Lactura rubritegula 47 Lactura atrolinea 48 Lactura nalli 49 Lactura basistriga. Figures 50, 51. When threatened, Lactura caterpillars evert transparent, balloon-like vesicles from the side of their body that secrete a sticky, mucilaginous fluid. 50 Lactura pupula larval defense response 51 Lactura nalli larval defense response. Figures 52, 53. Geographic distribution of Lactura north of Mexico. Single dots may represent> 1 individuals. 52 Lactura pupula (n = 231), Lactura basistriga (n = 93), Lactura rubritegula (n = 13), and Lactura nalli (n = 11) 53 Lactura subfervens (n = 472), Lactura atrolinea (n = 138), and Lactura subfervens sapeloensis (n = 20).	en	Matson, Tanner A., Wagner, David L., Miller, Scott E. (2019): A Revision of North American Lactura (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae). ZooKeys 846: 75-116, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953
82F0E6884A1794C8F285DCD734882F68.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lactura subfervens sapeloensis is most easily identified by its Florida / Georgia distribution. We have not found consistent diagnostic characters that will distinguish it from L. subfervens in adult pattern or male genitalia. Female genitalia do show modest differentiation: there are 12 or 13 coils in the ductus bursae of L. subfervens and nine or ten coils in our preparations of L. subfervens sapeloensis.	en	Matson, Tanner A., Wagner, David L., Miller, Scott E. (2019): A Revision of North American Lactura (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae). ZooKeys 846: 75-116, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953
82F0E6884A1794C8F285DCD734882F68.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We derived this trinomen from Sapelo Island, Georgia, where the moth is particularly common, and from which most of the paratype series was collected.	en	Matson, Tanner A., Wagner, David L., Miller, Scott E. (2019): A Revision of North American Lactura (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae). ZooKeys 846: 75-116, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953
BC00F2CF50FCBBFA6845ECA64B5C4A13.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lactura basistriga can be distinguished from L. rubritegula by the absence of dorsal red scales on the tegula. Most forms exhibit a basal, red, subcostal dash on the forewing, and all individuals lack the scattered flecking of red or brown scales characteristic of L. subfervens. Many, but not all individuals can be distinguished from L. rubritegula by a reduced upper postmedial spot and the convex arcing of the three lower postmedial spots, due to a more basal placement on the lowermost spot. Adults are exceedingly close to and often indistinguishable from those of L. nalli; see comments under that species. With the exception of L. nalli and L. atrolinea, female genitalia differ from other Lactura in having four or five coils in ductus bursae. Larvae with a dark dorsum that ranges from smoky gray-green to nearly black, and without the metallic blue dorsal pinacula of L. atrolinea; larvae of L. nalli are lime green above and lack any hint of white striping or black fill between the subdorsal stripes that are present in L. basistriga. Figures 54 - 59. Phenology of North American Lactura, (blue square) all specimen records, (green square) records representing a unique collecting event (multiple individuals from the same collecting event represent a single data point). 54 L. pupula from Florida / Georgia (n = 82) 55 L. pupula from Texas (n = 74) 56 L. pupula from Midwest, U. S. (n = 54) 57 L. atrolinea (n = 138) 58 L. subfervens (n = 474) 59 L. subfervens sapeloensis (n = 21). Figures 60 - 62. Phenology of North American Lactura, (blue square) all specimen records, (green square) records representing a unique collecting event (multiple individuals from the same collecting event represent a single data point). 60 L. nalli (n = 29) 61 L. basistriga (n = 87) 62 L. rubritegula (n = 13).	en	Matson, Tanner A., Wagner, David L., Miller, Scott E. (2019): A Revision of North American Lactura (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae). ZooKeys 846: 75-116, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953
13FDFFC1090D2F57EE6EF85CD91300E0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lactura rubritegula can be distinguished from its relative L. basistriga by the prominence of red dorsal scales on the tegula. It lacks the red subcostal dash that can be found in most forms of L. basistriga and L. nalli, and the scattered flecking of red or brown scales characteristic of L. subfervens. Many, but not all, individuals can be distinguished by the basal displacement of the lowermost antemedial spot, somewhat enlarged upper postmedial spot, and the concave arc (open to termen) of the three lower postmedial spots. Female genitalia differ from other Lactura in this treatment in having six or seven coils in the ductus bursae. Unique to the larva of this species is the rusty brown dorsum. Figure 63. Likelihood tree for Lactura found north of Mexico with four outgroup zygaenoids based on nine gene regions - see Methods. Bayesian posterior probabilities (left) and bootstrap support values (right) for internal branches.	en	Matson, Tanner A., Wagner, David L., Miller, Scott E. (2019): A Revision of North American Lactura (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae). ZooKeys 846: 75-116, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.31953
