taxonID	type	description	language	source
4B782711FF9CB51A8FE9FD33FBBB993F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Asilus javanus Wiedemann, 1819, by monotypy.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9CB51A8FE9FD33FBBB993F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (compiled using key characters as published by Londt (2005 )): Head: Antennal stylus composed of only 2 elements (an attenuated segment-like element tipped with a seta-like sensory element); face with a slight gibbosity ventrally; postocular setae dorsally short, straight or only slightly proclinate. Thorax: Dorsocentral macrosetae confined to mesonotal region posterior of transverse suture; scutellum with fewer than 8 apical macrosetae, disc with setae only (no macrosetae); wing with complete supernumerary crossvein present between R 2 + 3 and R 4; supernumerary crossvein shortish and at most running parallel to R 4 + 5 for a short distance; cell r 4 long and diverging gradually towards wing margin; hind margin of wing with a double row of microtrichia diverging from the plane of wing membrane.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9DB5188FBFFE89FC659A7B.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 6	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9DB5188FBFFE89FC659A7B.taxon	discussion	Ricardo (1900) described Alcimus cinerascens on 3 ♂ 4 ♀ from ‘ Fort Johnston, Nyasaland [Malawi] (P. Rendall) ’. She calls both males and females ‘ types’ and so all should be considered ‘ cotypes’ or ‘ syntypes’. With the close similarity to tenuipes there is a need for the designation of a lectotype. Ricardo (1921) again handled Philodicus, but not cinerascens which she had placed in Alcimus. However she described umbripennis, which she later synonymised with cinerascens. P. umbripennis was based on ‘ Type (male), type (female), from S. W. Nyasa (R. Webb), 96, 261; another male from Nyasaland, Nov. 1892 (H. H. Johnston), 94, 12; another female from Nyasaland (Dr. H. G. Eldred). ’ The species is evidently fairly common at some locations in Malawi as I have collected and studied the following material from a hill behind the hotel at Senga Bay: 5 ♂ ‘ Malawi Senga Hills [c. 13 ° 43 ' S 34 ° 37 ' E 490 m] / 1 - 2. xii. 1980 1334 DA / Ca. 500 m, Stuckenberg / & Londt Brachystegia / woodland near lake’ (NMSA); 5 ♂ 3 ♀ ‘ Malawi SE 1334 DC / Senga Bay 20 km NE of / Salima 7 – 8. iii. 1987 / J & A Londt Woodland / on hill behind hotel’ (NMSA).	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9DB5188FBFFE89FC659A7B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: MOZAMBIQUE: 2 ♂ ‘ Namalala [Namelala c. 14 ° 28 ' S 40 ° 37 ' E 20 m] / 22 / 11 / 56 / Col. Trav [illegible] Dias’ (NMSA) *; 2 ♂ ‘ Mombane [? Mambone c. 20 ° 59 ' S 33 ° 39 ' E 160 m] Mozam. / No. / 22 – 25 - III- 1964 / Coll. A. L. Moore’, ‘ USNMENT 01100102 – USNMENT 01100105 [respectively] ’ (USNM); 2 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ Massangena [c. 21 ° 46 ' 39 " S 32 ° 37 ' 40 " E 215 m] Mozam. / No. / 1 - II- 1964 / Coll. A. L. Moore’, ‘ USNMENT 01100087 [♂ + ♀] & USNMENT 01100088 [♂ + ♀] [respectively] ’ (USNM); 6 ♂ 7 ♀ ‘ Massangena Mozam. / No. / 1 – 8 - II- 1964 / Coll. A. L. Moore’, ‘ USNMENT 01100087 – USNMENT 01100098 [respectively – 3 pairs with same numbers] ’ (USNM); 1 ♀ ‘ Mapulanguene [c. 24 ° 29 ' 31 " S 32 ° 04 ' 54 " E 155 m] Mozam. / No. / 3 – 6 - III- 1964 / Coll. A. L. Moore’, ‘ USNMENT 01100099 ’ (USNM). ZIMBABWE: 2 ♂ 1? ‘ Country Rhodesia / Loc Lusulu [c. 18 ° 04 ' S 27 ° 50 ' E 990 m] / Date 28 / xi / 63 / Coll R. J. Phelps’ (NMSA) *. Material not re-examined: Additional southern African material from Zimbabwe was listed in Londt’s (1978) addendum as follows: ‘ Rhodesia [Zimbabwe]: 4 ♂ 4 ♀ Matopos [Matobo National Park - c. 20 ° 36 ' S 28 ° 30 ' E c. 1385 m], 7. ii. 1920 11. ii. 1924 20. ii. 1938 (N. M. R.); 1 ♂ 6 ♀, Turk Mine [c. 19 ° 43 ' S 28 ° 48 ' E 1305 m], 10. xi. 1957 (N. M. R.); 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Sawmills [c. 19 ° 35 ' S 28 ° 02 ' E 1130 m], 12. vi. 1920 10. ii. 1920 23. ii. 1922 (N. M. R.); 1 ♀, Runde [c. 19 ° 56 ' S 29 ° 58 ' E 1045 m] Tribal Trustland, 23. iv. 1971, Payne (N. M. R.); 1 ♀, Mwanzatanicia, Kanyemba [c. 15 ° 38 ' S 30 ° 25 ' E 350 m], 27. ix. 1976, Mpala (N. M. R.). ’	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9DB5188FBFFE89FC659A7B.taxon	distribution	Distribution, phenology and biology: Southern African distribution is limited to a few localities in Zimbabwe (Fig. 6) where the species has been collected in September, November, February, March, April and June (Table 1) – seemingly throughout the year. The species has been collected sympatrically with dubius at Massangena. Little is known of its biology. Malawian specimens were collected in Brachystegia woodland near the shores of Lake Malawi. The female ovipositor is distally broad and spade-like so may be adapted for digging in loose sand. No prey records are available.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9FB5158FD9FDCDFDAA997F.taxon	description	Figs 7 – 11	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9FB5158FD9FDCDFDAA997F.taxon	discussion	Ricardo (1921) described the species on ‘ Type (male) and another, type (female), all from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), March 1911, in Cape Museum Coll’ and so did not designate a holotype, but merely listed a male and a female as ‘ types’. These two specimens, which must be considered syntypes, have been studied, along with others from the same locality, and the male is here designated Lectotype. The female is considered a Paralectotype, while other material has no type status as there is no evidence that Ricardo actually studied them.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9FB5158FD9FDCDFDAA997F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Lectotype: 1 ♂ ‘ Holo- / type’ (orange), ‘ Mfongosi [c. 28 ° 43 ' S 30 ° 50 ' E 575 m] / Zulu L. [Zululand] / W E Jones / Dec. 1911 ’, ‘ Philodicus dubius / n. sp. Ricardo ♀ [error] ’, ‘ Ricardo / determ. ’ (pale blue), ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007818 ’ (SAMC) *. Paralectotype: 1 ♀ ‘ Type / HT’ (circular, red edge – scribbled on illegibly), ‘ Mfongosi / Zulu L. / W E Jones / Dec. 1911 ’, ‘ Philodicus dubius / Ricardo’, ‘ Allotype / ♀ of Philodicus / dubius Ric. / A. J. H’ (attached by Dr A. J. Hesse, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007818 ’ (SAMC) * Material examined: BOTSWANA: 2 ♂ ‘ V. - L. Kal. Exp. / Metsimaklaba [c. 24 ° 32 ' S 25 ° 29 ' E 1115 m] / 7 – 12 / 3 / 1930 ’ (NMSA) *; 2 ♂ ‘ V. – L. Kal. Exp. [Kalahari Expedition] / Metsimaklaba / 7 – 12 / 3 / 1930 ’, ‘ USNMENT 01100079 & USNMENT 01100080 [respectively] ’ (USNM). MOZAMBIQUE: 1 ♂ 8 ♀ ‘ Mombane [? Mambone c. 20 ° 59 ' S 33 ° 39 ' E 160 m] Mozam. / No. / 22 – 25 - III- 1964 / Coll. A. L. Moore’, ‘ USNMENT 01100103 – USNMENT 01100104, USNMENT 01100106 – USNMENT 01100111 [respectively] ’ [2 ♀ with Acrididae] (USNM); 2 ♂ ‘ Masseangena [c. 21 ° 46 ' 39 " S 32 ° 37 ' 40 " E 215 m] Mozam. / No. / 1 - II- 1964 / Coll. A. L. Moore’, ‘ USNMENT 01100085 & USNMENT 0110086 [respectively] ’ (USNM); 1 ♀ ‘ Moçambique / Lago Chuali [c. 25 ° 00 ' S 32 ° 56 ' E 20 m] / 5 - 4 - 1980 / Coll. H. R. Feijen’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1? ‘ Moamba [c. 25 ° 36 ' 14 " S 32 ° 14 ' 46 " E 110 m] Mozam. / No. / 9 – 12 - III- 1964 / Coll. A. L. Moore’, ‘ USNMENT 01100100 [?] & USNMENT 01100101 [♂] [respectively] ’ (USNM); 1 ♂ ‘ Moçambique / Goba [c. 26 ° 12 ' S 32 ° 08 ' E 85 m] / 19 / 3 / 1980 / Coll. H. R. Feijen’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ P. E. Africa [Portuguese East Africa = Mozambique] / Guendri [? Quendri] / B. Lebied’ ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007822 ’ (SAMC) *. SOUTH AFRICA: 3 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Messina Nature Reserve / 22 ° 24 ' 54 " S 30 ° 05 ' 12 " E / J. G. H. Londt & T. Dikow / 487 m 14. ii. 2005 Mopane / dry woodland Sand Riv’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Kruger National Park / Limpopo Junction [c. 22 ° 26 ' S 31 ° 18 ' E 200 m] / 29. xi. 1959 / H. K. Munro & / A. C. v. Bruggen’ (SANC); 2 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Ben Lavin Nature Res. / 23 ° 08 ' 38 " S 29 ° 57 ' 03 " E / J. G. H. Londt & T. Dikow / 865 m 13. ii. 2005 Acacia / Zizyphus dry woodland’ [1 ♀ feeding on Acrididae] (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa 2327 BD / Transvaal Ellisras [= Lephalale c. 23 ° 40 ' S 27 ° 45 ' E 825 m] / 30. i. 1978 JGH Londt / Grass near trees on / Mokolo River banks’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa N. W. Tvl / Mogol Nature Reserve / Ellisras Dist. 23.58 S / 27.45 E 19 – 23. xi. 1979 / G. L. Prinsloo’ (SANC); 2 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Transvaal / Kruger National Park / Vicinity of Skukuza [c. 25 ° 00 ' S 31 ° 36 ' E 285 m] / 9 – 12. iv. 1985 J. Londt / SE 2431 DC Bushveld’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa Transvaal / Kruger Park 9. xii. 1972 / Lower Sabie Camp [c. 25 ° 07 ' S 31 ° 55 ' E 175 m] area / open savannah & river banks / B & P Stuckenberg 2531 Bb’ [feeding on ♂ P. tenuipes] (NMSA) *; 1 ♀ 1? ‘ Mfongosi [c. 28 ° 43 ' S 30 ° 50 ' E 575 m] / Zululand’ ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007820 ’ (SAMC); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Mfongosi / Zulu L. / W E Jones / Mch 1911 ’, ‘ Preying on / Dragonflies / W E Jones’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007821 ’ (SAMC); 2 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ Mfongosi / Zulu L. / W E Jones’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007819 ’ (SAMC); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Umlalazi Nature Res. [c. 28 ° 57 ' S 31 ° 46 ' E 5 m] / 26 – 27. i. 1987 / JGH Londt SE 2831 DD / Dune forest & margin’ (NMSA); [♀ feeding on Acrididae] (NMSA). SWAZILAND: 1 ♀ ‘ Swaziland # 48 / Mbuluzi Nature Reserve / 26 ° 08 ' S 32 ° 00 ' E 200 m / Date: 25. iv. 1991 / J. Londt & L. Schoeman / Mixed woodland area’ (NMSA); 5 ♂ ‘ Swaziland # 45 / 13 km N of Ngogolo / 26 ° 19 ' S 31 ° 38 ' E 300 m / Date: 22 – 24. iv. 1991 / J. Londt & L. Schoeman / Panata Ranch / Bushveld’ (NMSA). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀ ‘ Africa Rhodesia / Loc Rekomitjie [Farm c. 16 ° 28 ' S 29 ° 31 ' E 1140 m] / Date 25 / xi / 76 / Habit Thicket / Collector R. J. Phelps’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Country Rhodesia / Loc Kariba [c. 16 ° 47 ' S 28 ° 52 ' E 815 m] / Date 14 / v / 64 / Coll R. J. Phelps’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ same data but 17 / v / 64 (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1? ‘ Balla-Balla [= Mbalabala c. 20 ° 27 ' 00 " S 29 ° 02 ' 09 " E 1105 m] / S. Rhodesia / iii. 1931 / A. Cuthbertson’, ‘ USNMENT 01100075 ’ (USNM). Material not re-examined: Londt (1978) records the types of P. compactus, housed by MZLU, as follows: ‘ South Africa: Natal, 1 ♂ holotype, Tugela River, 12 mi., N. W. Bergville [c. 28 ° 44 ' S 29 ° 21 ' E 1140 m], 31. iii. 1951, loc. No. 255, Brink & Rudebeck (E. M. L.); Transvaal, 1 ♀ paratype, Kruger National Park, Skukuza [c. 24 ° 59 ' S 31 ° 35 ' E 285 m], 29. iv. 1951 loc. No. 283, Brink & Rudeback (E. M. L.) ’. In addition Londt (1978) lists the following material, mostly from Zimbabwe: ‘ Mozambique: 1 ♀, Base Camp, Massangera Dist., Save River [c. 21 ° 06 ' S 34 ° 42 ' E 15 m], 11. xii. 1972, de Moor (N. M. R.). Lesotho: 1 ♀, Mamathes [c. 29 ° 08 ' S 27 ° 51 ' E 1685 m], 20. ii. 1954, Jacot-Guillarmod (A. M.). Rhodesia: 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 153 km S. E. Nuanetse [Nuanetsi - c. 22 ° 10 ' S 31 ° 24 ' E 225 m], v & iv. 1961 (N. M. R.); 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 27 km S. Chituropadzi [?], Limpopo River, ♀ – 29. iv. 1968 ♀ – 28. iv. 1968 ♀ – 1. v. 1968 ♂ – 3. iv. 1968, Pinhey (N. M. R.); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Chikwarawara Dip, Chipese [Chipesa - c. 18 ° 24 ' S 31 ° 41 ' E 1400 m] T. T. L., 3, 4, 5. xii. 1974, de Moor (N. M. R.); 1 ♀, Bazely Bridge [Bazeley Bridge - c. 19 ° 15 ' S 32 ° 29 ' E 800 m], Odzi River, i. 1966 (N. M. R.); 1 ♂, Sawmills [c. 19 ° 35 ' S 28 ° 02 ' E 1130 m], 13. iv. 1920 (N. M. R.); 1 ♀, Hippo Valley [c. 21 ° 10 ' S 31 ° 33 ' E 370 m] Citrus Estate, Lundi River, Chiredzi, 6. v. 1978, Wheeler (N. M. R.); 3 ♀, Lomagundi [c. 17 ° 22 ' S 30 ° 12 ' E 1160 m], 18. iv. 1940, Collins (P. P. R. 1); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Hippo Pools [c. 17 ° 04 ' S 31 ° 52 ' E 750 m], Hartley, ♀ with Pseudugrion sp-Odonata, 1. iii. 1935, Williams (P. P. R. 1); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Kariba [c. 16 ° 47 ' S 28 ° 52 ' E 815 m], 18. iv. 1964, Simmonds & Phelps (N. M. [no longer in the collection]).	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9FB5158FD9FDCDFDAA997F.taxon	distribution	Distribution, phenology and biology: Distributed fairly widely throughout the eastern parts of southern Africa (Fig. 11). Adults are active throughout the warmer, and wetter, months of the year, having been recorded from November through to May (Table 1). The species has been collected sympatrically with cinerascens as well as tenuipes on which it has also been caught feeding. Label data suggest that the species inhabits a variety of open woodland habitats, often in the vicinity of or along the banks of rivers and streams. Prey records limited to 5, with only females involved – Orthoptera: Acrididae (4), Diptera: Asilidae (1) P. tenuipes. In addition Londt (1987) records a female with a damselfly (Pseudagrion sp.) while label data provided by W. E. Jones records specimens as feeding on ‘ dragonflies’. The female ovipositor is distally broad and spade-like so may be adapted for digging in loose sand.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF92B5118FA1FEC9FBC99BB3.taxon	description	Figs 12 – 16	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF92B5118FA1FEC9FBC99BB3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: BOTSWANA: 1 ♀ ‘ Botswana / Okavango Delta / Drotzky’s Cabins / 25 km S Shakawe / riverine forest / 16.02.2002 / 18 ° 34 ' 50.1 " S / 21 ° 53 ' 07.7 " E / leg. J. Kipping’, ‘ USNMENT 00876187 ’ (USNM). NAMIBIA: 1 ♀ ‘ Kavango River bank / at: 18 ° 13 ' S 21 ° 45 ' E / Mahango Game Reserve / 28. II. 1992 / M. Pusch & E. Marais’ (NMNW); 7 ♂ ‘ Kaoko Otavi [c. 18 ° 18 ' 05 " S 13 ° 39 ' 11 " E 1430 m] / S. W. A. ’ ~ ‘ Mus. Exped. / Mar. 1926 ’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007825 ’ (SAMC) *; 1 ♀ ‘ Namibia: Tsumkwe Dist. / Cwiba River / 18 ° 26 ' 18 " S 20 ° 42 ' 49 " E / 30. xii. 1998 / A. H. Kirk-Spriggs / Sweeping floodplane’ (NMNW); 2 ♀ ‘ Kaudom-Cwiba Junction / Kaudom Game Reserve / 18 ° 28 ' S 20 ° 49 ' E / 14 – 16. i. 1991 / E. Marais’ (NMNW). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♂ ‘ Lake Funduzi [= Fundudzi c. 22 ° 51 ' S 30 ° 19 ' E 880 m] / 28. i. 1931 / G. v. Son’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Wylliespoort, Ingwe / Motel 22.58 S / 29.57 E 20 – 22. i. 1982 / C. D. Eardley’ (SANC); 1 ♂ ‘ Entabeni Forest [c. 22 ° 59 ' S 30 ° 16 ' E 1320 m] / 6. xii. 1964 / Vári & Potgieter’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Entabeni Forest / 12 – 17. i. 1971 / R. Jones’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♀ same data but 19. i. 1971 (NMSA) *; 1 ♀ ‘ SE 2329 Ab [no locality given – nearest centre is Vivo c. 23 ° 03 ' S 29 ° 17 ' E 875 m] / iii. 1976 / E. A. Boomker’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ P. burg [Pietersburg = Polokwane c. 23 ° 54 ' S 29 ° 27 ' E c. 1255 m] N. Prov. RSA / 23 ° 25 ' S 30 ° 30 ' E / 9. iv. 1996 / C. Weerepas’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa E Tvl / Mogol Nat. Res. / Ellisras Dist. / 23.58 S / 27.45 E / 28. i. 1988 / V. N. Uys’ (SANC); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Mogul Nature Reserve / Ellisras Dist. 23.58 S / 27.45 E 25 – 26. i. 1982 / M. W. Mansell’ (SANC); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Mogol Nature Reserve / Ellisras Dist. 23.58 S / 27.45 E 20. i. 1983 / G. L. Prinsloo’ (SANC); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa / Limpopo / Wolkberg Wild. area / 24 ° 02 ' S 30 ° 05 ' E / 15. xii. 2005 / M. Potgieter’ (SANC); 2 ♂ 3 ♀ ‘ South Africa 2428 BB / Transvaal Hangklip [c. 24 ° 03 ' S 28 ° 47 ' E 1085 m] / JGH Londt 31. i. 1978 / Open grassland’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♀ ‘ Makapansgat [near Mokopane c. 24 ° 11 ' S 29 ° 01 ' E 1140 m] / 2429 AA RSA / 18. iv. 86 / M. H. Villet’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa / Pietersburg [= Polokwane] / 24 ° 14 ' 40 " S / 29 ° 15 ' 30 " E [c. 1335 m] / 22. v. 1989 / R. F. Lutchman / Department of Entomology / University of Pretoria’ (NMSA); 2 ♂ 4 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Doorndraai Dam Nature / Res. 16. ii. 2005 / 24 ° 17 ' 41 " S: 28 ° 46 ' 41 " E / J. G. H. Londt & T. Dikow / 1182 m Woodland at dam’ [2 ♀ with Acrididae, Tridactylidae] (NMSA); 8 ♂ 5 ♀ ‘ South Africa 2428 AD / Transvaal Waterberg / Mts. Tarentaal Pass [c. 24 ° 18 ' S 28 ° 23 ' E 1610 m] / 30. i. 1978 JGH Londt / Short open grassveld’ [1 ♂ feeding on Tabanidae] (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa, Tvl / Doorndraai Dam / Nature Res. 24.18 S / 28.44 E 4 – 7. ii. / 1980 C. G. Moolman’ (SANC); 1 ♂ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Doorndraai Dam Nature / Res. 16. ii. 2005 1210 m / 24 ° 19 ' 56 " S 28 ° 42 ' 57 " E / J. G. H. Londt & T. Dikow / Terminalia woodland’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Naboomspruit Dist. / Die Oog 24.27 S / 28.37 E 4 – 7. ii. / 1980 C. G. Moolman’ (SANC); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Groenfontein 35 km E / Thabazimbi 24.34 S 27.45 E 27. xi. 1980 / C. Kok’ (SANC); 1 ♂ ‘ RSA Gauteng / Matla Mamba / Thabazimbi [c. 24 ° 36 ' S 27 ° 24 ' E 1075 m] / 21 – 23 Feb ’ 13 / M. McLoughlin’ (SANC); 3 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Nylsvley Nature Reserve / 24 ° 37 ' 45 " S 28 ° 40 ' 58 " E / J. G. H. Londt & T. Dikow / 1097 m 12. ii. 2005 Mixed / Rhus Acacia savanna’ (NMSA); 2 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / 10 km NE Nylstroom [Modimolle] / 24.38 S 28.29 E 4. ii. / 1980 C. G. Moolman’ (SANC); 2 ♂ 4 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Nylsvley Nature Reserve / 24 ° 38 ' 35 " S 28 ° 41 ' 48 " E / J. G. H. Londt & T. Dikow / 1080 m 12. ii. 2005 Acacia / woodland near bird hide’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Nylsvley Nature Reserve / 24 ° 39 ' 00 " S 28 ° 40 ' 24 " E / J. G. H. Londt & T. Dikow / 1094 m 11. ii. 2005 Acacia / woodland at camp site’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Nylstroom [= Modimolle c. 24 ° 42 ' 00 " S 28 ° 24 ' 22 " E 1180 m] / 16 – 31 / 12 / 21 / G. P. F. v. Dam’, ‘ USNMENT 01100075 ’ (USNM); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa / Trsvl., 5 mi. W. / Warmbad [= Bela-Bela c. 24 ° 53 ' S 25 ° 17 ' E 1150 m] / 24 - 25 Feb. 1968 / Krombein & Spangler’, ‘ USNMENT 01100127 ’ (USNM); 1 ♀ ‘ Platriver [= Utsane c. 24 ° 54 ' S 28 ° 16 ' E 1130 m] / Wtb. [= Waterberg] Distr. / 1. II 1903 / R. V. Jutrencha’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Het Bad Nature Res. / 24 ° 54 ' 16 " S: 28 ° 17 ' 34 " E / J. G. H. Londt & T. Dikow / 1122 m 17. ii. 2005 Acacia / woodland nr. small dam’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ S Africa: Mpumalanga # 7 2000 / Ohrigstad Dam / 24 ° 57 ' S 30 ° 38 ' E [c. 1390 m] / Date: 22. iii. 2000 / Coll: D. A. Barraclough’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa / Gauteng / Kempton Park / 25 ° 9 ' S 28 ° 14 ' E / 18.04.2004 / M. L. Fourie’ (SANC); 1 ♀ ‘ Witrivier [= White River c. 25 ° 19 ' S 31 ° 01 ' E 900 m] / I. F. W. / Mei [May] 67 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Loskopdam Nat. Res. / 25.25 S 29.20 E / 12 – 13. xii. 1985 / C. D. Eardley’ (SANC); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Loskop Nature / Res. 25.25 S 29.20 E / 9 – 13. ii. 1981 S, J. / van Tonder, C. Kok’ (SANC); 1 ♀ ‘ Loskopdam [c. 25 ° 26 ' S 29 ° 18 ' E 1005 m] / SE 2529 Ad / 15. iii. 1980 / C. B. Meyer / Dept of Entomology / University of Pretoria’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ S. Africa: Mpumalanga / Kwandebele, Moloto / 25 ° 28 ' S 28 ° 37 ' E [c. 1255 m] / 2 – 10. iv. 1998 / leg. S. Ratlou’, ‘ Univ. of Pretoria / Dept. Zoology & / Entomology / 2 nd Year Collection’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Rooipoort stream / Verena [c. 25 ° 29 ' S 29 ° 02 ' E 1405 m] District / 22. ii. 1987 / R. H. Watmough’ (SANC); 1 ♀ ‘ RSA NW Rustenburg / 25 ° 37 ' S 27 ° 15 ' E [c. 2230 m] / 22. ii. 97 / R. Veldtman’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ Waterv., OND [? Waterval-Onder c. 25 ° 38 ' 52 " S 30 ° 22 ' 48 " E 1220 m] / Dec 1908 / T. Jenkins’, ‘ USNMENT 01100077 ’ (USNM); 1 ♂ ‘ RSA Tvl Rustenburg / 25 ° 40 ' S 27 ° 16 ' E [c. 1150 m] / 22. ii. 1997 / D. Marle’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ SA NW Rustenburg / 25 ° 41 ' S 27 ° 14 ' E [c. 1150 m] / L. van der Walt / 22. ii. 1997 ’ (NMSA); 2 ♀ ‘ Pretoria / W. boom [Wonderboom c. 25 ° 41 ' S 28 ° 12 ' E 1400 m] 29. i. 16 / H. K. Munro’, [1 ♀ with] ‘ caught / ♂ Tabanid’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♀ ‘ Wonderboom / 8.2.07 / C. Swierstra’ [feeding on Acrididae nymph] (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa: Pretoria [c. 25 ° 45 ' S 28 ° 11 ' E c. 1345 m] / S 25 ° O 28 ° [Oos = East] ca / 1. ii. 1987 / leg. W. Myburgh / Department of Entomology / University of Pretoria’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ 1? ‘ Pretoria [c. 25 ° 45 ' S 28 ° 11 ' E 1315 m] Tvl / 28. xii. 1921 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Pretoria / Feb 71 / T. M. de M. ’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Pretoria / 11. i. 14 / H. K. Munro’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Pretoria / 25.12.12 / H. K. Munro’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ same data but 12.1.19 (NMSA) *; 8 ♂ 11 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa Transvaal / Cycad Trail / Dist Middelburg [c. 25 ° 46 ' S 29 ° 28 ' E 1525 m] / R. Elferink 3. i. 1983 ’ (NMSA) [1 pair pinned together]; 3 ♂ 3 ♀ same data but 4. i. 1983 (NMSA); 1 ♂ same data but 5. i. 1983 (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: / Bronkhorstspruit [25 ° 48 ' S 28 ° 45 ' E c. 1485 m] / 25 ° 40 ' S 28 ° 55 ' E 12. iii. 89 / J. H. Venter / Department of Entomology / University of Pretoria’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa: Tvl / Bronkhorstspruit [25 ° 48 ' S 28 ° 45 ' E c. 1485 m] / 14.4.87 / SE 2528 Dc / Leg. K. Viviers / Department of Entomology / University of Pretoria’ (NMSA); 8 ♂ 7 ♀ ‘ S Africa: NW Province / Mafikeng Game Reserve / Kolobe Drinking Pond / 25 ° 50 ' 59 " S 25 ° 43 ' 10 " E / 1320 m 16. iii. 2003 J. Londt / Rhus lancea savanna’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 3 ♀ ‘ S Africa: NW Province / Mafikeng Game Reserve / Noka Picnic Site 1350 m / 25 ° 51 ' 04 " S 25 ° 44 ' 06 " E / 17. iii. 2003 J. Londt Rhus / and mixed grass savanna’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ W. T. / Koster [c. 25 ° 52 ' S 26 ° 54 ' E 1610 m] Tvl / 5 / 1 / 1927 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa Rooihuiskraal / 025 ° 53.5890 ' S 028 ° 09.2920 ' E / 11 Feb 08 C. J. van Niekerk’ (SANC); 1 ♂ ‘ S Africa Gauteng / Johannesburg, Fourways [c. 26 ° 02 ' S 28 ° 00 ' E 1475 m] / Magalisieg, Lesley Lane [= Leslie Avenue] / Found dead on street / Date: 15. ii. 2003 / Coll: G. Redman’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Carolina [c. 26 ° 04 ' S 30 ° 07 ' E 1700 m] / SE 2630 Aa / ii. 1979 L. Serfontein / Dept of Entomology / University of Pretoria’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ Carolina [26 ° 04 ' S 30 ° 07 ' E c. 1700 m] / H. Meyer / Feb 73 ’, ‘ Dept. of Entomology / University of Pretoria’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Randburg / 26 ° 7 ' S 27 ° 55 ' E [c. 1580 m] / 20. iii. 1994 / M. M. v. d. Merwe / Department of Entomology / University of Pretoria’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ Benoni [c. 26 ° 11 ' S 28 ° 19 ' E 1645 m] / L. A. Botha / 3 / 66 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ St. Geo. Home (St George’s Home, Bedfordview c. 26 ° 12 ' S 28 ° 08 ' E 1700 m] Dist / 26.3.38 / A. L. Capener / with prey’ [feeding on Acrididae] (NMSA) *; 1? ‘ South Africa / North-West province / Helpmekaar farm / 26 ° 20 ' 0 " S 26 ° 10 ' 0 " E / 26. i. 2008 / G. Lüssmann’ (SANC); 1 ♀ same data but 22. iii. 2008 (SANC); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ RSA Gauteng / Coligny / 26 ° 20 ' S 26 ° 18 ' E [c. 1480 m] ’, ‘ 15. iv. 1995 / E. vd Westhuizen / 08 h 00 – 11 h 00 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa: Kinross / 26 ° 26 ' S 28 ° 7 ’ O [Oos = East c. 1655 m] / 16. iv. 87 / H. L. Grobbelaar / Department of Entomology / University of Pretoria’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 3 ♀ ‘ Heidelburg [= Heidelberg c. 26 ° 29 ' S 26 ° 23 ' E 1545 m] / 21.1.21 T. P. [Transvaal Province] / H. K. Munro’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♀ ‘ Heidelburg / 21.1.21 T. P. / H. K. Munro’, ‘ USNMENT 01100078 ’ (USNM); 1 ♀ ‘ S. Afr. Transvaal / Barberspan [Nature Reserve c. 26 ° 35 ' S 25 ° 35 ' E 1355 m] / 25 ° 07 ' S 26 ° 05 ' E [incorrect data] / 14 – 21. xii. 1993 / T. Joffe’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa / Mpumalanga / Greylingstad / 26 ° 40 ' S 28 ° 35 ' E / 13. iii. 2004 / L. P. van Jaarsveld’ (SANC); 1 ♀ ‘ Delarey [Delareyville c. 26 ° 41 ' 00 " S 25 ° 28 ' 00 " E 1360 m] / W. Transvaal / Dr Brauns / i: 1917 [sideways] ’, ‘ USNMENT 01100076 ’ (USNM); 1? ‘ P’stroom [Potchefstroom c. 26 ° 43 ' S 27 ° 06 ' E 1355 m] / 24. i. 1911 ’ (SANC); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa / Potchefstroom [c. 26 ° 43 ' S 27 ° 06 ' E 1355 m] / Jan 1957 J. Steytler’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa / Ndumu [c. 26 ° 56 ' 03 " S 32 ° 16 ' 57 " E 125 m] Ntl. / i. 1978 / G. L. Prinsloo / L. A. v. Luik’ (SANC); 9 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / Kosi Bay Nature Res. / 26 ° 57 ' 01 " S 32 ° 49 ' 25 " E / 13. xii. 2010 JGH Londt / 38 m Dry sandy pan in / Woodland savannah area’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / Kosi Bay Nature Res. / 26 ° 57 ' 52 " S 32 ° 48 ' 51 " E / 15 – 16. xii. 2010 6 m / JGH Londt Lake Shore / Dune Forest & Woodland’ (NMSA); 3 ♂ 4 ♀ ‘ S Africa: N Cape # 14 / 20 km N of Hotazel / 27 07 S 22 59 [E] 1050 m / Date: 14. iii. 1991 / Whittington & Londt / Kuruman River banks’ [1 ♀ feeding on Acrididae] (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Heilbron [c. 27 ° 17 ' 01 " S 27 ° 58 ' 15 " E 1550 m], OVS / (Vechtkop) / 4.2.1964 / HAD van Schalkwyk’ (SANC); 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ South Africa: N Cape / Kuruman Country Club / 27 ° 28 ' 17 " S 023 ° 27 ' 30 " E / J & A Londt 15 - 16. iii. 2015 / 1325 m Acacia savannah’. (NMSA); 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / Ozabeni-Manzimbomvu [Ozabeni school 27 ° 31 ' S 32 ° 35 ' E c. 45 m] / northern end of St. Lucia, nr. Labe Bangazi North / Subtropical coastal grassland / 29. i. 2005 GBP Davies’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 7 ♀ ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / Ozabeni / KwaMbila [Ozabeni school c. 27 ° 31 ' S 32 ° 35 ' E 45 m] section / northern St Lucia (2732 DA) / coastal grassland, Sweepnet / 04 – 05. iii. 2006, GBP Davies’ (NMSA); 4 ♂ 3 ♀ ‘ S Africa: NW Province / Bloemhof Dam (reserve) / 27 ° 38 ' 05 " S 25 ° 40 ' 13 " E / 1230 m 12. iii. 2003 J. Londt / Acacia, Ziziphus savanna’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa OFS / Sandveld Nature Res. / 27.40 S 25.45 E / 25. ii. 1993 R. Adam’ (SANC); 4 ♀ ‘ South Africa OFS / Sandveld Nature Res. / 27.40 S 25.45 E / 24 – 25. ii. 1993 / C. D. Eardley’ (SANC); 1 ♀ ‘ Subtropical grassland / and open lala-palm / woodland’, ‘ South Africa KZ-Natal / St Lucia, Charter’s Creek / Makhakhathana flats / 28 ° 14 ' S: 32 ° 24 ' E, 35 m a. s. l. / 15. xii. 2007, G. B. P. Davies’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ RSA: KZ-Natal # 18 / St. Lucia East Shores / 32 ° 25 ' E 28 ° 20 ' S [coordinates reversed] 45 m / Date: 26. ii. 1995 / Coll: P. E. Reavell / Open grassland’ (NMSA); 2 ♂ 3 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa. Cape Prov / Grootpan E Lime Acres [c. 28 ° 22 ' S 23 ° 34 ' E 1445 m] / 2823 BC 25. iii. 1982 / J. Londt & L. Schoeman / Grass in pan centre’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ St Lucia [c. 28 ° 22 ' S 32 ° 25 ' E 25 m] Z [Zululand] / 28.12.3 / Marley’ (NMSA) *; 4 ♂ 6 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa. Cape Prov / Roaring Sands Resort [= Witsand Nature Reserve c. 28 ° 34 ' S 22 ° 29 ' E 1205 m] / nr. Witsand. Acacia / woodland / sandy area / 2822 CB 17 – 18.3.1982 / J. Londt & L. Schoeman’ [1 ♀ feeding on Acrididae] (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ nr Melmoth [c. 28 ° 35 ' S 31 ° 24 ' E 720 m] / Langkloof / Hypothelia / grassveld’ ~ ‘ 15.3.87 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / Enseleni Nature Reserve / 28 ° 41 ' S 32 ° 03 ' E m a. s. l. / Date: 26 / 07 / 1980 / Coll: R. Miller’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Empangeni [c. 28 ° 45 ' S 31 ° 54 ' E 120 m] / Feb 06 / AVPB’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Richard’s Bay / Msingazi Canal [c. 28 ° 46 ' S 32 ° 07 ' E 5 m] / herbs in clearing / degraded swamp / forest 7. i. 94 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ S Africa: Natal / Richard’s Bay / 28 ° 48 ' S 32 ° 06 ' E 30 m / Date: 14. i. 93 / Coll: P. E. Reavell / Lala Palm + ’, ‘ Digitaria / veld’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Lake Cubhu [c. 28 ° 51 ' S 31 ° 58 ' E 10 m] 18. ii. 86 / 2851 S 3157 E / P. Atkinson 17 m’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Ngoye Forest [Reserve c. 28 ° 54 ' S 31 ° 27 ' E 515 m] / 3140 E 2850 S [cords reversed] 30.11.85 / P. Reavell 400 m / grassveld’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Ngoye Forest [c. 28 ° 54 ' S 31 ° 27 ' E 515 m] area / 3140 E 2850 S 16. ii. 84 / PE Reavell 400 m / Ngongoni veld’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Amatikulu / Reserve [c. 29 ° 07 ' S 31 ° 36 ' E 55 m] / Natal 17.11.85 [P. Reavell] ’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ S. Africa: OFS # 4 / 15 km NE Ladybrand [c. 29 ° 12 ' S 27 ° 27 ' E 1605 m] / 2927 Ab 28. xii. 1982 / Modderpoortspruit / P. Stabbins & R. Miller’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ S Africa: N Cape # 15 / 14 km S of Hotazel / 29 19 S 22 54 [E] 1050 m / Date: 14. iii. 1991 / Londt & Whittington / Ga-Mogara River bed’ [feeding on Acrididae] (NMSA); 4 ♂ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Dargle [c. 29 ° 28 ' S 30 ° 06 ' E 1160 m]. Grassveld / 4400 ft / Date: 20. ii. 1987 / Coll: P. E. Reavell’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / Cumberland Nature Res. / 29 ° 30.199 ' S 30 ° 30.207 ' E / 13. i. 2004 J. Londt T. Dikow / 560 m Open rocky area & / Acacia woodland near river’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / Mdloti River mouth of / c. 29 ° 39 ' S: 31 ° 09 ' E [c. 1 m] / open beach / shore-line / 04. iv. 2006, B Stuckenberg / & G Davies’ (NMSA); 5 ♂ ‘ S Africa. KZ-Natal # 1 / Krantzkloof Nature Res. / 29 ° 45 ' 13 " S 30 ° 51 ' 07 " E J. Londt 1. ii. 2000 300 m / Grassland / Stream edge’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ S Africa: KZ-Natal # 2 2000 / Krantzkloof Nature Reserve / 29 ° 45 ' 13 " S 30 ° 51 ' 07 " E 300 m / Date: 01. ii. 2000 / Coll: S. James / Indigenous forest near stream’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ RSA Cape Prov / 8 km N Port Alfred [c. 33 ° 36 ' S 26 ° 53 ' E 28 m] / 15. iii. 1984 / P. R. Meakin’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Kenton on Sea [c. 33 ° 41 ' S 26 ° 40 ' E 50 m] / S 33 ° 40 ’ O 26 ° 41 ’ / 04. xii. 1988 / LG Le Roux’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Kaapstad [= Cape Town c. 33 ° 55 ' S 18 ° 25 ' E 4 m] / I. F. W. / April 69 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ RSA: Western Cape / de Vaselot Nat. Res. At: / 33 ° 58.194 ' S, 23 ° 32.193 ' E / 24 – 27. i. 2009 / A. Kirk-Spriggs, S. Otto’ (BMSA). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Rhodesia / Salisbury [= Harare c. 17 ° 52 ' S 31 ° 02 ' E 1465 m] / A. Watsham’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Mametsi [Matetsi c. 18 ° 21 ' 37 " S 25 ° 54 ' 27 " E 1000 m] / S Rhodesia / Apl 1934 / R. H. R. Stevenson’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007824 ’ (SAMC) *. Material not re-examined: Londt (1978) records additional southern African material ‘ Lesotho: 1 ♀, Leribe [c. 28 ° 57 ' S 28 ° 15 ' E 1940 m], 12. iii. 1956, L. Bevis (D. M.); 1 ♂, Mamathes [c. 29 ° 08 ' S 27 ° 51 ' E 1685 m], 11. iii. 1956, L. Bevis (D. M.). Rhodesia: 1 ♂, Matesi [Matetsi - c. 18 ° 21 ' S 25 ° 54 ' E 1000 m], iv. 1934, R. H. R. Stevenson (S. A. M.). South West Africa: 1 ♂, Kaoko Otavi [c. 18 ° 18 ' S 13 ° 39 ' E 1430 m], iii. 1926, S. A. M. Exped., (S. A. M.). ’ Londt (1978) also includes some additional material in an addendum as follows: ‘ 1 ♀, Zoutpansberg [c. 23 ° 00 ' S 29 ° 46 ' E 1515 m], 8. iv. 1973, Pinhey (N. M. R.). Rhodesia: 1 ♂, Selukwe [c. 19 ° 40 ' S 30 ° 00 ' E 1465 m], 19. i. 1922 (N. M. R.); 1 ♀, Inyangombe River, Inyanga [Nyanga - c. 18 ° 13 ' S 32 ° 44 ' E 1620 m], XII. 1920 (N. M. R.); 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Salisbury [= Harare c. 17 ° 52 ' S 31 ° 02 ' E 1465 m], 19. ii. 1927, 19. i & 30. xi. 1935, Cuthbertson (P. P. R. I.); 1 ♂, Kimbate Farm, Salisbury South, 20. i. 1935, Williams (P. P. R. I.); 5 ♂ 1 ♀, Meadowlands, Salisbury, 30. xi. 1935, Cuthbertson (P. P. R. I.); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Cleveland Reservoir, Salisbury, 8 & 9. i. 1939, Cuthbertson (P. P. R. I.); 1 ♀, Salisbury, 29. i. 1959, Cumming (A. M.); 2 ♂ 4 ♀, ‘ Georgia’, Gatooma [= Kadoma c. 18 ° 20 ' S 29 ° 54 ' E 1160 m], 3. iii. 1931 (1 ♂ – 20. i. 1935), Williams (P. P. R. I.); 1 ♀, Chimanimani Mts., Melsetter [c. 19 ° 49 ' S 32 ° 52 ' E 1510 m], xi. 1967 (N. M. R.); 1 ♀, Umtali [= Mutare c. 18 ° 58 ' S 32 ° 38 ' E 1175 m], ii. 1928 (N. M. R.). South West Africa: 1 ♂, Bellarode Farm, Windhoek [c. 22 ° 34 ' S 17 ° 05 ' E 1680 m], 9. iii. 1975, de Moor (N. M. R.). Botswana: 3 ♂, Maun [c. 19 ° 59 ' S 23 ° 25 ' E 945 m], 21. iii. 1974 (N. M. R.); 1 ♂ l ♀, 4 - River Camp, Okavango [c. 18 ° 16 ' S 18 ° 26 ' E 1165 m], 6 & 7. xii. 1973 (N. M. R.); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Sepopa [= Sepupa c. 18 ° 45 ' S 22 ° 11 ' E 990 m], W. Okavango, 25 & 27. iii. 1974 (N. M. R.). Type material (not studied) is also listed as ‘ South Africa: Natal, 1 ♀ holotype, Port Natal (Durban [c. 29 ° 51 ' S 31 ° 01 ' E 28 m]), (British Museum of Natural History). Types of P. nigripes are from Malawi: 1 ♀ holotype, Mt. Mlanje, 18. xii. 1912, S. A. Neave (B. M. (N. H. )). Rhodesia: 1 ♂ paratype, Bulawayo [c. 20 ° 08 ' S 28 ° 37 ' E 1335 m]; 1 ♀ paratype, Hope Fountain [c. 20 ° 16 ' S 28 ° 39 ' E 1450 m] (National Museum Rhodesia). The type of P. multicellula is from Lesotho: 1 ♀ holotype, Hensley’s Dam, 13 km. S. W. Leribe [c. 28 ° 57 ' S 28 ° 15 ' E 1940 m], 30. iii. 1951 loc. no. 254 Brinck & Rudebeck (E. M. L.) ’.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF92B5118FA1FEC9FBC99BB3.taxon	distribution	Distribution, phenology and biology: Found over much of southern Africa (Fig. 16), records being more concentrated in the north-eastern parts which normally receive summer rainfall. Adults are summer active (Table 1), typically flying from November through to May (a single record for July). May be locally abundant. Typically inhabit grassy places in association with water (rivers, streams, dams, pans etc.). The female ovipositor is distally narrow and spike-like so may be adapted for thrusting eggs into soil. Some 24 prey records are available (7 ♂ (29 %) 17 ♀ (71 % )) – Orthoptera: Acrididae (10), Tridactylidae (1). Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae (2). Diptera: Asilidae (1 – P. fraterculus ♂), Tabanidae (1), Bombyliidae (2), Sarcophagidae (2). Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae (1), unidentified moths (2). Hymenoptera:? Vespidae (1),? Halictidae (1). Cannibalism is recorded. Of considerable interest is an analysis of the data provided for P. nigripes (a synonym of fraterculus) by Hobby (1935). He lists 33 prey records which can be repeated in the following format (orders and families in alphabetical order) – Coleoptera (2): Buprestidae (1), Cerambycidae (1). Diptera (7): Asilidae (5), Syrphidae (2). Hemiptera (5): Cicadidae (3), Lygaeidae (1), Pentatomidae (1). Hymenoptera (10): Andrenidae (2), Anthophoridae (3), Apidae (2 Apis mellifera), Eumenidae (1), Megachilidae (2). Lepidoptera (1): Noctuidae (1). Orthoptera (8): Acrididae (8). Although the species appears to feed on a variety of prey 24 % were grasshoppers (Acrididae). The male versus female ratio is also of interest as only 12 (36 %) of the predators were male while 21 (64 %) were female – a clear indication that more females were found with prey than males.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF96B5108FA7FC15FCFE9E32.taxon	description	Figs 6, 17 – 20	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF96B5108FA7FC15FCFE9E32.taxon	discussion	A fairly large and distinctive species described by Hobby (1933) ‘ from material preserved in the Hope Department, University Museum, Oxford. All were obtained during 1911 and 1912 by Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerton, at about 3 800 ft., on Mt. Chirinda [c. 20 ° 24 ' S 32 ° 40 ' E 950 m], S. E. Rhodesia [Zimbabwe] ’. There were no fewer than 117 specimens in the type series (♂ holotype, ♀ allotype, 60 ♂ 55 ♀ paratypes) collected from December 1911 through to March 1912.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF96B5108FA7FC15FCFE9E32.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♂ ‘ Nelspruit [c. 25 ° 29 ' S 30 ° 58 ' E 735 m] / 2.1915 / A. Roberts’ (NMSA) *; 4 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa Transvaal / Cycad Trail / Dist Middelburg [c. 25 ° 46 ' S 29 ° 28 ' E 1525 m] / R. Elferink 5. i. 1983 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ same data but 3. i. 1983 (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ Irene [c. 25 ° 53 ' S 28 ° 14 ' E 1450 m] / M. G. A. Fourie / April 1969 ’ (NMSA); 2 ♂ ‘ JJO / JHB [= Johannesburg c. 26 ° 10 ' S 27 ° 58 ' E 1760 m] Tvl / 16. ii. 1953 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ JHB [= Johannesburg c. 26 ° 10 ' S 27 ° 58 ' E 1760 m] No 2 / Glenwilliam [?] / 13 / i / 62 Muti’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Transvaal / Johannesburg [c. 26 ° 10 ' S 27 ° 58 ' E 1760 m] / Ross’ ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007826 ’ (SAMC). Material not studied: Londt (1978) lists unstudied type material ‘ Rhodesia: 1 ♂ holotype, 1 ♀ allotype, near Mt. Chirinda [c. 20 ° 24 ' S 32 ° 40 ' E 1010 m], 31. i. 1912, C. F. M. Swynnerton (Oxford University Museum) ’. Distribution, phenology and biology: While the type series was from Zimbabwe, Blasdale (1957) records the species from ‘ Sierra Leone, N. Gold Coast [Ghana], S. Nigeria, S. Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, SE. Rhodesia [Zimbabwe] (type locality), and Pretoria [in South Africa]. ’ Tomasovic (2012) added DR Congo to this list. The species therefore has a wide distribution which penetrates the north-eastern parts of southern Africa (Fig. 6). Although habitat information is lacking the type series was almost certainly collected in montane grassland. Swynnerton collected the type specimens from December through to March. There is also a southern African record of the species collected in April (Table 1). Tomasovic’s (2012) DR Congo records are for October and November so the species may have slightly different flight periods north of the sub-region covered by this study. While there are no prey records available for South Africa, Hobby (1935) analysed no fewer than 117 records for Zimbabwe, where the species was apparently common. Hobby’s published data can be summarised as follows (orders and families in alphabetical order) – Coleoptera (5): Cerambycidae (4), Curculionidae (1). Diptera (20): Asilidae (10), Bombyliidae (7), Syrphidae (2), Tabanidae (1). Hemiptera (13): Cicadidae (7), Lygaeidae (4), Pentatomidae (1), Reduviidae (1). Hymenoptera (32): Andrenidae (1), Anthophoridae (9), Apidae (4 Apis mellifera), Bembecidae (1), Braconidae (1), Ichneumonidae (2), Megachilidae (7), Mutilidae (1), Scoliidae (5), Sphecidae (1). Lepidoptera (1): Sesiidae (1). Mecoptera (1): Bittacidae (1). Orthoptera (45): Acrididae (45). Although the species appears to feed on a wide range of prey some 38 % were grasshoppers (Acrididae). The male versus female ratio is of interest as only 21 (26.5 %) of the asilid predators were male while 86 (73.5 %) were female – a clear indication that far more females were found feeding. The female ovipositor is distally narrow and spike-like so may be adapted for thrusting eggs into soil.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF97B50C8FE5F994FEFC9ABF.taxon	description	Figs 1, 21 – 25	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF97B50C8FE5F994FEFC9ABF.taxon	discussion	Loew (1858) described the species on Wahlberg collected material from ‘ Caffraria’ [Eastern parts of South Africa]. Blasdale (1957) discusses the close similarity between this species and cinerascens, giving the distribution of tenuipes as ‘ Southern Rhodesia [Zimbabwe], Pretoria [in South Africa], Cape Colony [formerly a large part of South Africa] and South West Africa [Namibia] ’.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF97B50C8FE5F994FEFC9ABF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: ANGOLA: 2 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Cuanza [Kuanza] Riv. Mouth [? Longa River mouth c. 10 ° 14 ' S 13 ° 30 ' E 1 m] / 40 mi. S. Luanda / Angola. Jan 1972 ’, ‘ Collectors / B. Stuckenberg’ (NMSA) *. MOZAMBIQUE: 1 ♀ ‘ Chinde [c. 18 ° 35 ' S 36 ° 28 ' E 5 m] / Mozamb. / K. H. Barnard / Nov. 1912 ’, ‘ Philodicus ♀ / fraternus Wied’, ‘ Ricardo / determ. ’ (pale blue), ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007808 ’ (SAMC); 1 ♀ ‘ Chinde [c. 18 ° 35 ' S 36 ° 28 ' E 5 m] Zambezi / River Delta / Port East Africa / P. J. Usher’, ‘ 5. xi. 57 ’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Bazaruto [Island c. 21 ° 40 ' S 35 ° 27 ' E 0 m] / 8 / 3 / 71 ’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ 3 ♀ ‘ BenguÉrua [Benguerra c. 21 ° 52 ' S 35 ° 25 ' E 10 m] / 6 / 3 / 71 ’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♀ ‘ Magaruque [Island c. 21 ° 58 ' S 35 ° 26 ' E 35 m] / 5 / 3 / 71 ’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ ‘ BanguÉ [Island c. 22 ° 02 ' S 35 ° 27 ' E 0 m] / 6 / 3 / 71 ’ (NMSA); 2 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ BanguÉ / 7 / 3 / 71 ’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ ‘ Moçambique / Namaacha [c. 25 ° 59 ' S 32 ° 02 ' E 535 m] / 28 / 7 / 1980 / Coll. H. R. Feijen’ (NMSA); 7 ♂ 8 ♀ ‘ Inhaca Is. [c. 26 ° 01 ' 25 " S 32 ° 57 ' 18 " E 50 m] Mozam. / No. 942 - 950, 956 - 960 [respectively] / 17 - I- 1964 / Coll. A. L. Moore’, ‘ USNMENT 01100114 – USNMENT 01100126 [respectively] ’ (USNM). NAMIBIA: 2 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ Otjimbumbe [c. 17 ° 30 ' S 14 ° 15 ' E 1064 m] / Kunene R. / Mar. 1932 ’ ~ ‘ S. W. Africa / Mus. Exped. ’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007828 & 29 ’ (SAMC) *; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Hoarusib [c. 18 ° 31 ' 58 " S 12 ° 50 ' 31 " E 435 m] Otshu / S. W. A. ’ ~ ‘ Mus. Exped. / Mar. 1926 ’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007832 ’ (SAMC) *; 2 ♀ ‘ Namibia 20. iii. 1984 / 60 km E Otjiwarongo / Rd 101 20 39 ' S 17 05 ' E [c. 1490 m] / Londt & Stuckenberg / Acacia thornveld and dry river course’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ South West Africa 2115 Ba / Omaruru Dist. 50 km N. W. Omaruru [c. 21 ° 26 ' S 15 ° 56 ' E 1215 m], 1200 m. 5 - ii- 1974 / M. E. Irwin, flood plain / with large Acacia trees’ (NMSA) *; 4 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Namibia 29. iii. 1984 / 26 km N Windhoek. Road / 1 / 6. 22 20 ' S 17 04 ' E [c. 1470 m] / Londt & Stuckenberg / Dry stream bed Acacia / riparian woodland’ (NMSA); 3 ♂ ‘ Namibia 16. iii. 1984 / 18 km E Windhoek Road / 6 / 1. 22 32 ' S 17 14 ' E [c. 1880 m] / Londt & Stuckenberg / Damp riverbed with / Acacias Stony ground’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 3 ♀ ‘ Namibia 18. iv. 1983 / Aris [c. 22 ° 45 ' S 17 ° 08 ' E 1805 m] 30 km S Windhoek / 2217 CA Stuckenberg / & Londt Thornveld’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ Rehoboth [c. 23 ° 19 ' S 17 ° 05 ' E 1405 m] / S. W. A. ’ ~ ‘ Bell-Marley / Nov – Jan 1938 ’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007830 ’ (SAMC) *; 1 ♀ ‘ Cayimaeis [?] / S. W. A. ’ ~ ‘ Mus. Exped. / Mar. 1925 ’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007831 ’ (SAMC) *. SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Messina Nature Reserve / 22 ° 24 ' 54 " S 30 ° 05 ' 12 " E / J. G. H. Londt & T. Dikow / 487 m 14. ii. 2005 Mopane / dry woodland Sand Riv’ (NMSA); 2 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Ben Lavin Nature Res. / 23 ° 08 ' 38 " S 29 ° 57 ' 03 " E / J. G. H. Londt & T. Dikow / 865 m 13. ii. 2005 Acacia / Zizyphus dry woodland’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / D'Nyala Nat Res Ellis- / ras 23.45 S 27.49 E / 850 m 5 – 6. x. 1989 / M. W. Mansell’ (SANC); 2 ♂ ‘ South Africa N. W. Tvl / Mogol Nature Reserve / Ellisras Dist. 23.58 S / 27.45 E 19 – 23. xi. 1979 / G. L. Prinsloo, M. W. Mansell / S. J. van Tonder, C. Kok’ (SANC); 2 ♂ 1 ♀ 1? ‘ South Africa N. W. Tvl / Mogol Nature Reserve / Ellisras Dist. 23.58 S / 27.45 E 19 – 23. xi. 1979 / M. W. Mansell’ (SANC); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa / Trsvl., 5 mi. W. / Warmbad [= Bela-Bela c. 24 ° 53 ' S 25 ° 17 ' E 1150 m] / 24 - 25 Feb. 1968 / Krombein & Spangler’, ‘ USNMENT 01100128 ’ (USNM); 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ South Africa Transvaal / Kruger Park 9. xii. 1972 / Timbetene Tswiri waterholes / savannah woodl and nr Skukuza [c. 25 ° 00 ' S 31 ° 36 ' E 285 m] / B & P Stuckenberg 2431 Dc’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ [♂ as prey for ♀] ‘ South Africa: Transvaal / Kruger Park 9. xii. 1972 / Lower Sabie Camp area [c. 25 ° 07 ' S 31 ° 55 ' E 175 m] / open savannah & riverbanks / B & P Stuckenberg 2531 Bb’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♀ ‘ S Africa: N-W Province / Pilanesberg National Park / Manyane Trail 15. xi. 1999 / 25 ° 15 ' 12 " S 27 ° 13 ' 25 " E / J. G. H. Londt 1200 m’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ Boekenhoutskloof [c. 25 ° 30 ' S 28 ° 27 ' E 1180 m], S. A. / (30 km NE Pretoria) / 7. xii. 77 / G. Bernon’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ Noordkaap River [c. 25 ° 44 ' S 30 ° 59 ' E 650 m] at / Barberton Nelspruit Road / 2530 DB Transvaal / 7 Nov 70 Stuckenberg / Riverbank bushveld’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ ‘ Pretoria [c. 25 ° 45 ' S 28 ° 11 ' E 1345 m] / L. Schunke / 2 - 85 [ii. 1885] ’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007833 ’ (SAMC); 1 ♂ ‘ JHB [= Johannesburg c. 26 ° 10 ' S 27 ° 58 ' E 1760 m] / P. Leniare / Feb 1963 / Natal A. R. I. ’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa. Natal / Kosi Bay – Estuary [c. 26 ° 54 ' S 32 ° 53 ' E 10 m] / 2632 DD 16 – 19. iii. 1982 / Coll: D. A. Barraclough’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa: Natal / 5 km S Ndumu [= Ndumo] Game Res [c. 26 ° 57 ' S 32 ° 15 ' E 50 m] / 2632 CD 6. x. 1982 / coll. J. & B. Londt / Woodland near stream’ (NMSA); 2 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa / Natal, Zululand / Sodwana Bay [c. 27 ° 32 ' 49 " S 32 ° 40 ' 10 " E 40 m] / 2732 DA / 8. v. 1981 C. Car’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007834 ’ (SAMC); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa / Natal, Zululand / Sodwana Bay / 2732 DA 15. v. 1981 / C. A. Car dunes / on beach’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007836 ’ (SAMC); 1 ♀ ‘ Bonamanzi / Reserve [c. 28 ° 03 ' S 32 ° 18 ' E 20 m] / Sand path / through sand / Forest 21. xi. 95 ’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa, Natal Prov / Cape Vidal [c. 28 ° 07 ' S 32 ° 33 ' E 30 m], 20 mi N St. Lucia; ME & BJ Irwin 0 to / 20 m; coastal dune forest / Nov. 24. 1971 (2832 Ba) ’ (NMSA) *; 9 ♂ 8 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / St. Lucia Nature Res. [c. 28 ° 16 ' S 32 ° 29 ' E 40 m] / 2832 AD 18 – 20. xii. 1981 / Londt & Stuckenberg / Coastal bush & forest’ [1 ♀ with prey Apidae (Apis mellifera)] (NMSA); 1 ♂ 4 ♀ 2? ‘ South Africa, Natal Prov / Zululand, St. Lucia [c. 28 ° 22 ' S 32 ° 25 ' E 25 m], Nov. 24 / 1971; ME & BJ Irwin (2832 Ad) / coastal dune assoc. 8 m el. ’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / St. Lucia Park Reserve / ca. 28 ° 22 ' S 32 ° 25 ' E / J. G. H. Londt 20 m / 2. ii. 1988 Dune forest’ (NMSA); 2 ♀ ‘ Dukuduku [Forest c. 28 ° 23 ' S 32 ° 19 ' E 175 m] between / St Lucia & Matubatuba / Zululand S. Africa / B & P Stuckenberg / 7 – 8 April 1960 ’ (NMSA) *; 4 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / Greater St. Lucia Wetland / Park Sugarloaf Camp area / 28 ° 23 ' 01.9 " S 32 ° 25 ' 07.4 " E / J. G. H. Londt 9. iii. 2004 / - 6 m sand at estuary edge’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / St. Lucia Estuary [c. 28 ° 23 ' S 32 ° 25 ' E 0 m] / Coastal bush grassland / Date: 7. x. 1983 / Coll: B. R. Stuckenberg’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 5 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / St. Lucia Estuary [c. 28 ° 23 ' S 32 ° 25 ' E 0 m] / 22. ii. 1979 2832 AD / JGH Londt Beach’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa Natal / St Lucia sea level / Oct 31, 1972, M. E. / Irwin, coastal dunes’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♂ 3 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Umfolozi bridge / 7 km SW Mtubatuba [c. 28 ° 27 ' S 32 ° 09 ' E 20 m] / 3. xii. 75 WL Overal / DJ Brothers’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Richard’s Bay [c. 28 ° 40 ' S 32 ° 05 ' E 5 m] area / 3205 E 2850 S 12. iii. 83 / PE Reavell 25 m / In sand dunes’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Enseleni Reserve [c. 28 ° 41 ' S 32 ° 00 ' E 30 m] / Grassveld / Date: 4. iv. 81 / Coll: P. Reavell’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Mfongosi [c. 28 ° 43 ' S 30 ° 50 ' E 575 m] / Zulu L. [Zululand] / W E Jones’ ~ ‘ Dec. 1914 ’, ‘ SAM-DIP / A 007825 ’ (SAMC) *; 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ R. S. A.: KZ-Natal # 81 / Umlalazi Nature Reserve / 28 ° 57 ' S 31 ° 46 ' E 50 m / Date: 8. xi. 1997 / Coll: JGH & A Londt / Dune forest & margins’ [1 ♀ with prey Caenagrionidae] (NMSA); 2 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Umlalazi Nature Res [c. 28 ° 57 ' S 31 ° 46 ' E 5 m] / 2831 DD 2 – 10. x. 1982 / coll. J. G. H. Londt / Dune-forest & edges’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Umlalazi Nature Res. / 26 – 27. i. 1987 / JGH Londt SE 2831 DD / Dune forest & margin’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Sth Africa: KZN Prov / Umlalazi Nature Res. / 28 ° 57 ' 02 " S 31 ° 47 ' 13 E / J & A Londt 12. xi. 2014 / 8 m Estuary sandy edge’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Umlalazi Nature Res. [c. 28 ° 57 ' S 31 ° 46 ' E 5 m] / 26 – 27. i. 1987 / JGH Londt SE 2831 DD / Dune forest & margin’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Umlalazi Nature Res. / ca. 28 ° 57 ' S 31 ° 40 ' E / 20 m 28 – 29. i. 1988 / Dune Forest J. Londt’ (NMSA); 5 ♂ 3 ♀ ‘ S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / Umlalazi Nature Reserve / 28 ° 57 ' 19 " S 31 ° 46 ' 31 " E / 5 m 21. ii. 2011 J. G. H. Londt / Estuary banks & forest’ (NMSA); 3 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ So. Africa: Nata; / 1, 5 km / E. Mtunzini 2831 Dd / Umlalazi Nature Res. [c. 28 ° 57 ' S 31 ° 46 ' E 5 m] / 24 – 25. iii 1979 R. Miller / Coastal dune veget. ’ (NMSA); 2 ♂ 1 ♀ same data but 28. i. 1979 (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ same data but 4 Nov 1979 (NMSA); 1 ♀ same data but 15 Feb 1981 (NMSA); 3 ♂ same data but 19 – 27 Jan 1980 (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ Mtunzini [c. 28 ° 58 ' S 31 ° 46 ' E 10 m] / Natal RSA / 14.2.85 / M. H. Villet / (coastal dunes) ’ (NMSA); 4 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ Sth Africa: KZN Prov / Mtunzini Forest Lodge / Area 10 – 14. xi. 2014 / 28 ° 58 ' 02 " S 31 ° 47 ' 18 E / J & A Londt 10 m / Coastal dune vegetation’ (NMSA); 1 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Mhlopeni Nature Res. [c. 29 ° 01 ' S 30 ° 25 ' E 915 m] / 15 km SE Muden 2930 AB / Coll: J. G. H. Londt / Date: 4. ii. 1984 ’ (NMSA); 5 ♂ 2 ♀ same data but 22. xii. 1983 (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ South Africa: N Cape / Kenhardt Hartebeest Riv. / 29 ° 20 ' 47 " S 21 ° 08 ' 42 " E / 14. xi. 2011 780 m / J & A Londt Dry river bed / Sandy Acacia savanna’ (NMSA); 2 ♀ ‘ Blythedale [c. 29 ° 22 ' S 31 ° 21 ' E 5 m] / Beach / Natal / 16.3.1963 / T. W. Schofield’ (NMSA) *; 1 ♀ ‘ Town Bush [Reserve c. 29 ° 33 ' S 30 ° 20 ' E 1000 m] / Pietermaritzburg / South Africa / T. Schofield / 31. v. 57 ’ (NMSA) *; 3 ♂ 4 ♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / Tongaat Riv. mouth [Mdloti River c. 29 ° 39 ' S 31 ° 08 ' E 5 m] / 2931 CA 22. xi. 1978 / open sandy area / J. G. H. Londt’ (NMSA). ZIMBABWE: 2 ♂ 2 ♀ ‘ Country Rhodesia / Loc Chirundu [c. 16 ° 02 ' S 28 ° 51 ' E 400 m] / Date 18 - 5 - 1965 / Coll R. Borthwick’ (NMSA); 1 ♂ ‘ Hillside [Harare c. 17 ° 50 ' S 31 ° 05 ' E 1485 m], S. Rhod / 17. xi. 1922 / Swinburne & / Stevenson’ (NMSA) *. Material not studied: Londt (1978) records: ‘ 1 ♂, Mtunzini [c. 28 ° 58 ' S 31 ° 46 ' E 10 m], xii. 1961, W. E. Lawson (D. M.); 1 ♀, Twinstreams [c. 28 ° 59 ' S 31 ° 44 ' E 15 m], Mtunzini, 15. xii. 1963, Lawson & Bouguin (D. M.); 1 ♂, M’Fongosi [Mfongosi c. 28 ° 43 ' S 30 ° 50 ' E 575 m], Zululand, xii. 1914, W. E, Jones (S. A. M.). ’ also ‘ 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Otjimbumbe [?], Kunene River, iii. 1923, S. A. M. Exped. (S. A. M.); 1 ♂, Hoarusib Otshu, iii. 1926, S. A. M. Exped. (S. A. M.); 1 ♀, Cayimaeis, iii. 1923, S. A. M. Exped. (S. A. M.). ’ In additional material listed as unstudied includes: Holotype “ Caffraria’: 1 ♀, (Rijksmuseum) ’ and ‘ South West Africa: Hoarusib [c. 18 ° 21 ' S 13 ° 00 ' E 590 m], Otshu, iii. 1926, S. A. M. Exped. (S. A. M.); Rehoboth [c. 23 ° 19 ' S 17 ° 05 ' E 1405 m], xi – xii. 1935, Mell-Marley (S. A. M.). ’	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF97B50C8FE5F994FEFC9ABF.taxon	distribution	Distribution, phenology and biology: A fairly widespread species in southern Africa (Fig. 25). The species has been collected sympatrically with fraterculus at Bela Bela and dubius at Umlalazi Nature Reserve. Data presented in this paper confirm the presence of the species in Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe, and records, for the first time, material from Mozambique and Angola (which is not strictly speaking a southern African country). The species flies from October through to May – there being a single record for July (Table 1). Although a fairly commonly collected species, only 5 prey records are known (all associated with females): Odonata: Caenagrionidae (1). Diptera: Calliphoridae (1), Sarcophagidae (1). Hymenoptera: Apidae (2 – Apis mellifera). The female ovipositor is distally broad and spade-like so may be adapted for digging in loose sand.	en	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
