identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4B782711FF9CB51A8FE9FD33FBBB993F.text	4B782711FF9CB51A8FE9FD33FBBB993F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philodicus Loew 1848	<div><p>Philodicus Loew, 1848</p><p>Philodicus Loew, 1848: 391 .</p><p>Type species:  Asilus javanus Wiedemann, 1819, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis (compiled using key characters as published by Londt (2005)): Head:Antennal stylus composed of only 2 elements (an attenuated segment-like element tipped with a seta-like sensory element); face with a slight gibbosity ventrally; postocular setae dorsally short, straight or only slightly proclinate. Thorax: Dorsocentral macrosetae confined to mesonotal region posterior of transverse suture; scutellum with fewer than 8 apical macrosetae, disc with setae only (no macrosetae); wing with complete supernumerary crossvein present between R 2+3 and R 4; supernumerary crossvein shortish and at most running parallel to R 4+5 for a short distance; cell r 4 long and diverging gradually towards wing margin; hind margin of wing with a double row of microtrichia diverging from the plane of wing membrane.</p><p>Key to the southern African species of  Philodicus (adapted from Londt 1978)</p><p>1 Anterior and posterior surfaces of femur 1 lacking macrosetae; antennal stylus at least as long as twice the length of postpedicel; ♀ ovipositor (S8) distally broad and spade-like (alcimoides group) .................................................................................2</p><p>– Femur 1 with at least one short stout black bristle on posterior surface; antennal stylus shorter than twice the length of postpedicel; ♀ with macrosetae laterally on T3; ♀ ovipositor (S8) distally narrow and spike-like ( fraternus group).................4</p><p>2 Wing longer than 1.5 cm; terminalia as in Figs 7–10 ............  dubius Ricardo, 1921</p><p>– Wing shorter than 1.5 cm ........................................................................................3</p><p>3 Male aedeagus swollen subapically, lacking three well defined terminal projections; terminalia as in Figs 21–24; widely distributed in both eastern and  western southern Africa (Fig. 25)........................................................................  tenuipes Loew, 1857</p><p>– Male aedeagus not swollen subapically, with three well defined terminal projections; terminalia as in Figs 2–5; southern African distribution limited to north-eastern region (Zimbabwe, Mozambique) (Fig. 6)..................  cinerascens (Ricardo, 1900)</p><p>4 1–3 short black macrosetae on anterior surface of prothoracic femur; ♀ with macrosetae laterally on T4–6; terminalia as in Figs 17–20 ...................................... .........................................................................................  swynnertoni Hobby, 1933</p><p>– Anterior face of prothoracic femur lacking macrosetae; ♀ lacking macrosetae on T4–6; terminalia as in Figs 12–15 .................................  fraterculus (Walker, 1855)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B782711FF9CB51A8FE9FD33FBBB993F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9DB5188FBFFE89FC659A7B.text	4B782711FF9DB5188FBFFE89FC659A7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philodicus cinerascens (Ricardo 1900)	<div><p>Philodicus cinerascens (Ricardo, 1900)</p><p>Figs 2–6</p><p>Alcimus cinerascens Ricardo, 1900: 176; 1922: 42.</p><p>Philodicus umbripennis Ricardo, 1921: 184; 1925: 236.</p><p>Philodicus cinerascens: Ricardo 1925: 236; Blasdale 1957: 139 (pl. I, fig. 5 ♂ gen., Pl. II, fig. 4 ♀ S8); Hull 1962: 456; Londt 1978: 422 (figs 5 ♂ gen, 6 aed.); Oldroyd 1980: 342 (catalogue); Tomasovic 2012: 25 (fig. 2 aed.).</p><p>Ricardo (1900) described  Alcimus cinerascens on 3♂ 4♀ from ‘Fort Johnston, Nyasaland [Malawi] (P. Rendall)’. She calls both males and females ‘types’ and so all should be considered ‘cotypes’ or ‘syntypes’. With the close similarity to  tenuipes there is a need for the designation of a lectotype. Ricardo (1921) again handled  Philodicus, but not  cinerascens which she had placed in  Alcimus . However she described  umbripennis, which she later synonymised with  cinerascens .  P. umbripennis was based on ‘Type (male), type (female), from S.W. Nyasa (R. Webb), 96, 261; another male from Nyasaland, Nov. 1892 (H.H. Johnston), 94, 12; another female from Nyasaland (Dr. H.G. Eldred).’ The species is evidently fairly common at some locations in Malawi as I have collected and studied the following material from a hill behind the hotel at Senga Bay: 5♂ ‘ Malawi <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.616665/lat -13.716666)">Senga Hills</a> [c. 13°43'S 34°37'E 490 m] / 1-2.xii.1980 1334DA / Ca. 500m, Stuckenberg / &amp; Londt  Brachystegia / woodland near lake’ (NMSA); 5♂ 3♀ ‘ Malawi SE1334DC / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.616665/lat -13.716666)">Senga Bay</a> 20km NE of / Salima 7–8.iii.1987 / J &amp; A Londt Woodland / on hill behind hotel’ (NMSA).</p><p>Material examined: MOZAMBIQUE: 2♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.616665/lat -14.466666)">Namalala</a> [Namelala c. 14°28'S 40°37'E 20 m] / 22/11/56 / Col. Trav [illegible] Dias’ (NMSA)*; 2♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.65/lat -20.983334)">Mombane</a> [? Mambone c. 20°59'S 33°39'E 160 m] Mozam. / No. / 22–25-III-1964 / Coll. A.L. Moore’, ‘USNMENT01100102–USNMENT01100105 [respectively]’ (USNM); 2♂ 2♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.627777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.7775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.627777/lat -21.7775)">Massangena</a> [c. 21°46'39"S 32°37'40"E 215 m] Mozam. / No. / 1-II-1964 / Coll. A.L. Moore’, ‘USNMENT01100087 [♂ + ♀] &amp; USNMENT01100088 [♂ + ♀] [respectively]’ (USNM); 6♂ 7♀ ‘  Massangena Mozam. / No. / 1–8-II-1964 / Coll.A.L. Moore’, ‘USNMENT01100087–USNMENT01100098 [respectively – 3 pairs with same numbers]’ (USNM); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.081665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.491945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.081665/lat -24.491945)">Mapulanguene</a> [c. 24°29'31"S 32°04'54"E 155 m] Mozam. / No. / 3–6-III-1964 / Coll. A.L. Moore’, ‘USNMENT01100099’ (USNM). ZIMBABWE: 2♂ 1? ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.833334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.833334/lat -18.066668)">Country Rhodesia</a> / Loc Lusulu [c. 18°04'S 27°50'E 990 m] / Date 28/xi/63 / Coll R.J. Phelps’ (NMSA)*.</p><p>Note: Ricardo’s (1922) record of the species from ‘M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones)’ (SAMC) is erroneous, the material actually belonging to the closely similar  tenuipes .</p><p>Material not re-examined:Additional southern African material from Zimbabwe was listed in Londt’s (1978) addendum as follows: ‘ Rhodesia [Zimbabwe]: 4♂ 4♀ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.5/lat -20.6)">Matopos</a> [Matobo National Park - c. 20°36'S 28°30'E c. 1385 m], 7.ii.1920 11.ii.1924 20.ii.1938 (N. M.R.); 1♂ 6♀, Turk <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.8/lat -19.716667)">Mine</a> [c. 19°43'S 28°48'E 1305 m], 10.xi.1957 (N. M.R.); 1♂ 2♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.033333/lat -19.583334)">Sawmills</a> [c. 19°35'S 28°02'E 1130 m], 12.vi.1920 10.ii.1920 23.ii.1922 (N. M.R.); 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.966667/lat -19.933332)">Runde</a> [c. 19°56'S 29°58'E 1045 m] Tribal Trustland, 23.iv.1971,  Payne (N. M.R.); 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.416666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.416666/lat -15.633333)">Mwanzatanicia</a>, Kanyemba [c. 15°38'S 30°25'E 350 m], 27.ix.1976,  Mpala (N. M.R.).’</p><p>Distribution, phenology and biology: Southern African distribution is limited to a few localities in Zimbabwe (Fig. 6) where the species has been collected in September, November, February, March, April and June (Table 1) – seemingly throughout the year. The species has been collected sympatrically with  dubius at Massangena. Little is known of its biology. Malawian specimens were collected in  Brachystegia woodland near the shores of Lake Malawi. The female ovipositor is distally broad and spade-like so may be adapted for digging in loose sand. No prey records are available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B782711FF9DB5188FBFFE89FC659A7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF9FB5158FD9FDCDFDAA997F.text	4B782711FF9FB5158FD9FDCDFDAA997F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philodicus dubius Ricardo 1921	<div><p>Philodicus dubius Ricardo, 1921</p><p>Figs 7–11</p><p>Philodicus dubius Ricardo, 1921: 179; Blasdale 1957: 139 (pl. I, fig. 1 ♂ gen., pl. II, fig. 1 ♀ S8); Hull 1962: 456; Londt 1978: 420 (figs 3 ♂ gen., 9 aed.).</p><p>Philodicus compactus Hull, 1967: 256 (fig. 6 ♂ gen.).</p><p>Ricardo (1921) described the species on ‘ Type (male) and another, type (female), all from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), March 1911, in Cape Museum Coll’ and so did not designate a holotype, but merely listed a male and a female as ‘types’.  These two specimens, which must be considered syntypes, have been studied, along with others from the same locality, and the male is here designated Lectotype. The female is considered a Paralectotype, while other material has no type status as there is no evidence that Ricardo actually studied them.</p><p>Type material: Lectotype: 1♂ ‘Holo- / type’ (orange), ‘Mfongosi [c. 28°43'S 30°50'E 575 m] / Zulu L. [Zululand] / W E Jones / Dec. 1911 ’, ‘  Philodicus dubius / n.sp. Ricardo ♀ [error]’, ‘Ricardo / determ.’ (pale blue), ‘SAM-DIP / A007818’ (SAMC)*. Paralectotype: 1♀ ‘Type / HT’ (circular, red edge – scribbled on illegibly), ‘Mfongosi / Zulu L. / W E Jones / Dec. 1911 ’, ‘  Philodicus dubius / Ricardo’, ‘ Allotype / ♀ of  Philodicus /  dubius Ric. / A.J.H’ (attached by Dr A.J. Hesse, ‘SAM-DIP / A007818’ (SAMC)*</p><p>Material examined: BOTSWANA: 2♂ ‘V.-L. Kal. Exp. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.483334/lat -24.533333)">Metsimaklaba</a> [c. 24°32'S 25°29'E 1115 m] / 7–12/3/1930 ’ (NMSA)*; 2♂ ‘V.–L. Kal. Exp. [Kalahari Expedition] /  Metsimaklaba / 7–12/3/1930 ’, ‘USNMENT01100079 &amp; USNMENT01100080 [respectively]’ (USNM). MOZAMBIQUE: 1♂ 8♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.65/lat -20.983334)">Mombane</a> [? Mambone c. 20°59'S 33°39'E 160 m] Mozam. / No. / 22–25-III-1964 / Coll. A.L. Moore’, ‘USNMENT01100103–USNMENT01100104, USNMENT01100106–USNMENT01100111 [respectively]’ [2♀ with  Acrididae] (USNM); 2♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.627777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.7775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.627777/lat -21.7775)">Masseangena</a> [c. 21°46'39"S 32°37'40"E 215 m] Mozam. / No. / 1-II-1964 / Coll. A.L. Moore’, ‘USNMENT01100085 &amp; USNMENT0110086 [respectively]’ (USNM); 1♀ ‘ Moçambique / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.933334/lat -25.0)">Lago Chuali</a> [c. 25°00'S 32°56'E 20 m] / 5-4-1980 / Coll. H.R. Feijen’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1? ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.246113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.60389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.246113/lat -25.60389)">Moamba</a> [c. 25°36'14"S 32°14'46"E 110 m] Mozam. / No. / 9–12-III-1964 / Coll. A.L. Moore’, ‘USNMENT01100100 [?] &amp; USNMENT01100101 [♂] [respectively]’ (USNM); 1♂ ‘ Moçambique / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.133335/lat -26.2)">Goba</a> [c. 26°12'S 32°08'E 85 m] / 19/3/1980 / Coll. H.R. Feijen’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘P. E. Africa [Portuguese East Africa = Mozambique] /  Guendri [? Quendri] / B. Lebied’ ‘SAM-DIP / A007822’ (SAMC)*. SOUTH AFRICA: 3♂ 2♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.086668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.414999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.086668/lat -22.414999)">Messina Nature Reserve</a> / 22°24'54"S 30°05'12"E / J.G.H. Londt &amp; T. Dikow / 487m 14.ii.2005 Mopane / dry woodland Sand Riv’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ Kruger National Park / Limpopo <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.3/lat -22.433332)">Junction</a> [c. 22°26'S 31°18'E 200 m] / 29.xi.1959 / H.K. Munro &amp; / A.C. v. Bruggen’ (SANC); 2♂ 2♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.950834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.143888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.950834/lat -23.143888)">Ben Lavin Nature Res.</a> / 23°08'38"S 29°57'03"E / J.G.H. Londt &amp; T. Dikow / 865m 13.ii.2005  Acacia /  Zizyphus dry woodland’ [1♀ feeding on  Acrididae] (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa 2327BD / Transvaal Ellisras [= Lephalale c. 23°40'S 27°45'E 825 m] / 30.i.1978 JGH Londt / Grass near trees on / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.75/lat -23.666666)">Mokolo River</a> banks’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ ‘ South Africa N.W. Tvl / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -23.58)">Mogol Nature Reserve</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -23.58)">Ellisras Dist.</a> 23.58S / 27.45E 19–23.xi.1979 / G.L. Prinsloo’ (SANC); 2♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Transvaal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.6/lat -25.0)">Kruger National Park</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.6/lat -25.0)">Vicinity of Skukuza</a> [c. 25°00'S 31°36'E 285 m] / 9–12.iv.1985 J. Londt / SE2431 DC Bushveld’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa Transvaal / Kruger Park 9.xii.1972 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.916666/lat -25.116667)">Lower Sabie Camp</a> [c. 25°07'S 31°55'E 175 m] area / open savannah &amp; river banks / B &amp; P Stuckenberg 2531 Bb’ [feeding on ♂  P. tenuipes] (NMSA)*; 1♀ 1? ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.833334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.833334/lat -28.716667)">Mfongosi</a> [c. 28°43'S 30°50'E 575 m] / Zululand’ ‘SAM-DIP / A007820’ (SAMC); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ Mfongosi / Zulu L. / W E Jones / Mch 1911’, ‘ Preying on / Dragonflies / W E Jones’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007821’ (SAMC); 2♂ 2♀ ‘ Mfongosi /  Zulu L. / W E Jones’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007819’ (SAMC); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.766666/lat -28.95)">Umlalazi Nature Res.</a> [c. 28°57'S 31°46'E 5 m] / 26–27.i.1987 / JGH Londt SE2831DD / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.766666/lat -28.95)">Dune forest</a> &amp; margin’ (NMSA); [♀ feeding on  Acrididae] (NMSA). SWAZILAND: 1♀ ‘ Swaziland #48 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.0/lat -26.133333)">Mbuluzi Nature Reserve</a> / 26°08'S 32°00'E 200m / Date: 25.iv.1991 / J. Londt &amp; L. Schoeman / Mixed woodland area’ (NMSA); 5♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.633333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.633333/lat -26.316668)">Swaziland</a> #45 / 13km N of Ngogolo / 26°19'S 31°38'E 300m / Date: 22–24.iv.1991 / J. Londt &amp; L. Schoeman / Panata Ranch / Bushveld’ (NMSA). ZIMBABWE: 1♀ ‘ Africa Rhodesia / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.516666/lat -16.466667)">Loc Rekomitjie</a> [Farm c. 16°28'S 29°31'E 1140 m] / Date 25/xi/76 / Habit Thicket / Collector R.J. Phelps’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ Country Rhodesia / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.866667/lat -16.783333)">Loc Kariba</a> [c. 16°47'S 28°52'E 815 m] / Date 14/v/64 / Coll R.J. Phelps’ (NMSA); 1♀ same data but 17/v/64 (NMSA); 1♂ 1? ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.035833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.035833/lat -20.45)">Balla-Balla</a> [= Mbalabala c. 20°27'00"S 29°02'09"E 1105 m] / S. Rhodesia / iii.1931 / A. Cuthbertson’, ‘USNMENT01100075’ (USNM).</p><p>Material not re-examined: Londt (1978) records the types of  P. compactus, housed by MZLU, as follows: ‘ South Africa: Natal, 1♂ holotype, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.35/lat -28.733334)">Tugela River</a>, 12 mi., N.W. Bergville [c. 28°44'S 29°21'E 1140 m], 31.iii.1951, loc.  No. 255, Brink &amp; Rudebeck (E.M.L.); Transvaal, 1♀ paratype, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.583334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.583334/lat -24.983334)">Kruger National Park</a>, Skukuza [c. 24°59'S 31°35'E 285 m], 29.iv.1951 loc.  No. 283, Brink &amp; Rudeback (E.M.L.)’. In addition Londt (1978) lists the following material, mostly from Zimbabwe: ‘ Mozambique: 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.7/lat -21.1)">Base Camp</a>, Massangera Dist., Save River [c. 21°06'S 34°42'E 15 m], 11.xii.1972, de  Moor (N. M.R.). Lesotho: 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.85/lat -29.133333)">Mamathes</a> [c. 29°08'S 27°51'E 1685 m], 20.ii.1954,  Jacot-Guillarmod (A.M.). Rhodesia: 2♂ 2♀, 153 km S.E. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.4/lat -22.166666)">Nuanetse</a> [Nuanetsi - c. 22°10'S 31°24'E 225 m], v &amp; iv.1961 (N. M.R.); 1♂ 3♀, 27 km S. Chituropadzi [?],  Limpopo River, ♀ – 29.iv.1968 ♀ – 28.iv.1968 ♀ – 1.v.1968 ♂ – 3.iv.1968,  Pinhey (N. M.R.); 2♂ 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.683332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.683332/lat -18.4)">Chikwarawara Dip</a>, Chipese [Chipesa - c. 18°24'S 31°41'E 1400 m] T.T.L., 3, 4, 5.xii.1974, de  Moor (N. M.R.); 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.483334/lat -19.25)">Bazely Bridge</a> [Bazeley Bridge - c. 19°15'S 32°29'E 800 m], Odzi River, i.1966 (N. M.R.); 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.033333/lat -19.583334)">Sawmills</a> [c. 19°35'S 28°02'E 1130 m], 13.iv.1920 (N. M.R.); 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.55/lat -21.166666)">Hippo Valley</a> [c. 21°10'S 31°33'E 370 m] Citrus Estate, Lundi River, Chiredzi, 6.v.1978,  Wheeler (N. M.R.); 3♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.2/lat -17.366667)">Lomagundi</a> [c. 17°22'S 30°12'E 1160 m], 18.iv.1940,  Collins (P.P.R.1); 1♂ 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.866667/lat -17.066668)">Hippo Pools</a> [c. 17°04'S 31°52'E 750 m], Hartley, ♀ with  Pseudugrion sp-Odonata, 1.iii.1935,  Williams (P.P.R.1); 1♂ 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.866667/lat -16.783333)">Kariba</a> [c. 16°47'S 28°52'E 815 m], 18.iv.1964, Simmonds &amp; Phelps (N.M. [no longer in the collection]).</p><p>Distribution, phenology and biology: Distributed fairly widely throughout the eastern parts of southern Africa (Fig. 11). Adults are active throughout the warmer, and wetter, months of the year, having been recorded from November through to May (Table 1). The species has been collected sympatrically with  cinerascens as well as  tenuipes on which it has also been caught feeding. Label data suggest that the species inhabits a variety of open woodland habitats, often in the vicinity of or along the banks of rivers and streams. Prey records limited to 5, with only females involved –  Orthoptera:  Acrididae (4),  Diptera:  Asilidae (1)  P. tenuipes . In addition Londt (1987) records a female with a damselfly ( Pseudagrion sp.) while label data provided by W.E. Jones records specimens as feeding on ‘dragonflies’. The female ovipositor is distally broad and spade-like so may be adapted for digging in loose sand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B782711FF9FB5158FD9FDCDFDAA997F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF92B5118FA1FEC9FBC99BB3.text	4B782711FF92B5118FA1FEC9FBC99BB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philodicus fraterculus Walker 1855	<div><p>Philodicus fraterculus Walker, 1855</p><p>Figs 12–16</p><p>Trupanea fraterculus Walker, 1855: 597 .</p><p>Promachus fraterculus: Kertész 1909: 220 (catalogue).</p><p>Philodicus nigripes Ricardo, 1925: 237; Blasdale 1957: 145 (pl. I, fig. 7 ♂ gen., pl. II, fig. 8 ♀ S8); Hull 1962: 456.</p><p>Philodicus fraterculus: Ricardo 1921: 180; Blasdale 1957: 145 (pl. II. fig. 17 ♀ S8); Londt 1978: 424 (figs 7–8, 13– 14 ♂ gen.); Oldroyd 1980: 342 (catalogue).</p><p>Philodicus multicellula Hull, 1967: 255 (fig. 7 wing); Oldroyd 1980: 342 (catalogue).</p><p>Material examined: BOTSWANA: 1♀ ‘ Botswana / Okavango Delta / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.885471&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.580584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.885471/lat -18.580584)">Drotzky’s Cabins</a> / 25km S Shakawe / riverine forest / 16.02.2002 / 18°34'50.1"S / 21°53'07.7"E / leg. J. Kipping’, ‘USNMENT00876187’ (USNM). NAMIBIA: 1♀ ‘ Kavango River bank / at: 18°13'S 21°45'E / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.75/lat -18.216667)">Mahango Game Reserve</a> / 28.II.1992 / M. Pusch &amp; E. Marais’ (NMNW); 7♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.653055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.301388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.653055/lat -18.301388)">Kaoko Otavi</a> [c. 18°18'05"S 13°39'11"E 1430 m] / S. W.A. ’ ~ ‘ Mus. Exped. / Mar. 1926 ’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007825’ (SAMC)*; 1♀ ‘ Namibia: Tsumkwe Dist. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.713612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.438332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.713612/lat -18.438332)">Cwiba River</a> / 18°26'18"S 20°42'49"E / 30.xii.1998 / A.H. Kirk-Spriggs / Sweeping floodplane’ (NMNW); 2♀ ‘ Kaudom-Cwiba Junction / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.816668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.816668/lat -18.466667)">Kaudom Game Reserve</a> / 18°28'S 20°49'E / 14–16.i.1991 / E. Marais’ (NMNW). SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.316668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.316668/lat -22.85)">Lake Funduzi</a> [= Fundudzi c. 22°51'S 30°19'E 880 m] / 28.i.1931 / G. v. Son’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Wylliespoort, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.57&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.57/lat -22.58)">Ingwe</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.57&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.57/lat -22.58)">Motel</a> 22.58S / 29.57E 20–22.i.1982 / C.D. Eardley’ (SANC); 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.266666/lat -22.983334)">Entabeni Forest</a> [c. 22°59'S 30°16'E 1320 m] / 6.xii.1964 / Vári &amp; Potgieter’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ 1♀ ‘  Entabeni Forest / 12–17.i.1971 / R. Jones’ (NMSA)*; 1♀ same data but 19.i.1971 (NMSA)*; 1♀ ‘SE2329 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.283333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.283333/lat -23.05)">Ab</a> [no locality given – nearest centre is Vivo c. 23°03'S 29°17'E 875 m] / iii.1976 / E.A. Boomker’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘P.burg [Pietersburg = <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.5/lat -23.416666)">Polokwane</a> c. 23°54'S 29°27'E c. 1255 m] N. Prov. RSA / 23°25'S 30°30'E / 9.iv.1996 / C. Weerepas’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa E Tvl / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -23.58)">Mogol Nat. Res.</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -23.58)">Ellisras Dist.</a> / 23.58S / 27.45E / 28.i.1988 / V.N. Uys’ (SANC); 1♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Mogul Nature Reserve / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -23.58)">Ellisras Dist.</a> 23.58S / 27.45E 25–26.i.1982 / M.W. Mansell’ (SANC); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Mogol Nature Reserve / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -23.58)">Ellisras Dist.</a> 23.58S / 27.45E 20.i.1983 / G.L. Prinsloo’ (SANC); 1♂ ‘ South Africa / Limpopo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.083334/lat -24.033333)">Wolkberg Wild. area</a> / 24°02'S 30°05'E / 15.xii.2005 / M. Potgieter’ (SANC); 2♂ 3♀ ‘ South Africa 2428BB / Transvaal Hangklip [c. 24°03'S 28°47'E 1085 m] / JGH Londt 31.i.1978 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.783333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.783333/lat -24.05)">Open</a> grassland’ (NMSA)*; 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.016666/lat -24.183332)">Makapansgat</a> [near Mokopane c. 24°11'S 29°01'E 1140 m] / 2429AA RSA / 18.iv.86 / M.H. Villet’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa / Pietersburg [= Polokwane] / 24°14'40"S / 29°15'30"E [c. 1335 m] / 22.v.1989 / R.F. Lutchman / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.258333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.244444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.258333/lat -24.244444)">Department of Entomology</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.258333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.244444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.258333/lat -24.244444)">University of Pretoria’</a> (NMSA); 2♂ 4♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Doorndraai Dam Nature / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.778055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.294722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.778055/lat -24.294722)">Res.</a> 16.ii.2005 / 24°17'41"S: 28°46'41"E / J.G.H. Londt &amp; T. Dikow / 1182m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.778055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.294722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.778055/lat -24.294722)">Woodland</a> at dam’ [2♀ with  Acrididae,  Tridactylidae] (NMSA); 8♂ 5♀ ‘ South Africa 2428AD / Transvaal Waterberg / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.383333/lat -24.3)">Mts. Tarentaal Pass</a> [c. 24°18'S 28°23'E 1610 m] / 30.i.1978 JGH Londt / Short open grassveld’ [1♂ feeding on  Tabanidae] (NMSA)*; 1♂ ‘ South Africa, Tvl / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.44&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.44/lat -24.18)">Doorndraai Dam</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.44&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.44/lat -24.18)">Nature Res.</a> 24.18S / 28.44E 4–7.ii. / 1980 C.G. Moolman’ (SANC); 1♂ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / Doorndraai Dam Nature / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.715834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.332224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.715834/lat -24.332224)">Res.</a> 16.ii.2005 1210m / 24°19'56"S 28°42'57"E / J.G.H. Londt &amp; T. Dikow / Terminalia woodland’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Naboomspruit Dist. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.27" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.37/lat -24.27)">Die Oog</a> 24.27S / 28.37E 4–7.ii. / 1980 C.G. Moolman’ (SANC); 1♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Groenfontein 35km E / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.34" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -24.34)">Thabazimbi</a> 24.34S 27.45E 27.xi.1980 / C. Kok’ (SANC); 1♂ ‘ RSA Gauteng / Matla Mamba / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.4/lat -24.6)">Thabazimbi</a> [c. 24°36'S 27°24'E 1075 m] / 21–23 Feb ’13 / M. McLoughlin’ (SANC); 3♂ 2♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.682777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.629168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.682777/lat -24.629168)">Nylsvley Nature Reserve</a> / 24°37'45"S 28°40'58"E / J.G.H. Londt &amp; T. Dikow / 1097m 12.ii.2005 Mixed /  Rhus Acacia savanna’ (NMSA); 2♂ 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.29&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.38" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.29/lat -24.38)">South Africa Tvl</a> / 10 km NE Nylstroom [Modimolle] / 24.38S 28.29E 4.ii. / 1980 C.G. Moolman’ (SANC); 2♂ 4♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.696667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.643055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.696667/lat -24.643055)">Nylsvley Nature Reserve</a> / 24°38'35"S 28°41'48"E / J.G.H. Londt &amp; T. Dikow / 1080m 12.ii.2005  Acacia / woodland near bird hide’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.673332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.673332/lat -24.65)">Nylsvley Nature Reserve</a> / 24°39'00"S 28°40'24"E / J.G.H. Londt &amp; T. Dikow / 1094m 11.ii.2005  Acacia / woodland at camp site’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.40611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.40611/lat -24.7)">Nylstroom</a> [= Modimolle c. 24°42'00"S 28°24'22"E 1180 m] / 16–31/12/21 / G.P.F. v. Dam’, ‘USNMENT01100075’ (USNM); 1♀ ‘ South Africa / Trsvl., 5mi. W. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.283333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.283333/lat -24.883333)">Warmbad</a> [= Bela-Bela c. 24°53'S 25°17'E 1150 m] / 24-25 Feb. 1968 / Krombein &amp; Spangler’, ‘USNMENT01100127’ (USNM); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.266666/lat -24.9)">Platriver</a> [= Utsane c. 24°54'S 28°16'E 1130 m] / Wtb. [= Waterberg] Distr. / 1.II 1903 / R.V.Jutrencha’ (NMSA)*; 1♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.292778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.904444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.292778/lat -24.904444)">Het Bad Nature Res.</a> / 24°54'16"S: 28°17'34"E / J.G.H. Londt &amp; T. Dikow / 1122m 17.ii.2005  Acacia / woodland nr. small dam’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ S Africa: Mpumalanga #7 2000 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.633333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.633333/lat -24.95)">Ohrigstad Dam</a> / 24°57'S 30°38'E [c. 1390 m] / Date: 22.iii.2000 / Coll: D.A. Barraclough’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa / Gauteng / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.233334/lat -25.15)">Kempton Park</a> / 25°9'S 28°14'E / 18.04.2004 / M.L. Fourie’ (SANC); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.016666/lat -25.316668)">Witrivier</a> [= White River c. 25°19'S 31°01'E 900 m] / I. F.W. / Mei [May] 67’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa Tvl / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.2/lat -25.25)">Loskopdam Nat. Res.</a> / 25.25S 29.20E / 12–13.xii.1985 / C.D. Eardley’ (SANC); 1♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Loskop Nature / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.2/lat -25.25)">Res.</a> 25.25S 29.20E / 9–13.ii.1981 S,J. / van Tonder, C. Kok’ (SANC); 1♀ ‘ Loskopdam [c. 25°26'S 29°18'E 1005 m] / SE2529 Ad / 15.iii.1980 / C.B. Meyer / Dept of Entomology / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.3/lat -25.433332)">University of Pretoria’</a> (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ S.Africa: Mpumalanga / Kwandebele, Moloto / 25°28'S 28°37'E [c. 1255 m]/ 2–10.iv.1998 / leg. S. Ratlou’, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.616667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.616667/lat -25.466667)">Univ. of Pretoria</a> / Dept. Zoology &amp; / Entomology / 2 nd Year Collection’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / Rooipoort stream / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.033333/lat -25.483334)">Verena</a> [c. 25°29'S 29°02'E 1405 m] District / 22.ii.1987 / R.H. Watmough’ (SANC); 1♀ ‘ RSA NW Rustenburg / 25°37'S 27°15'E [c. 2230 m] / 22.ii.97 / R. Veldtman’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.380001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.647778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.380001/lat -25.647778)">Waterv.</a>, OND [? Waterval-Onder c. 25°38'52"S 30°22'48"E 1220 m] / Dec 1908 / T. Jenkins’, ‘USNMENT01100077’ (USNM); 1♂ ‘ RSA <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.266666/lat -25.666666)">Tvl Rustenburg</a> / 25°40'S 27°16'E [c. 1150 m] / 22.ii.1997 / D. Marle’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘SA NW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.233334/lat -25.683332)">Rustenburg</a> / 25°41'S 27°14'E [c. 1150 m] / L. van der Walt / 22.ii.1997 ’ (NMSA); 2♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.2/lat -25.683332)">Pretoria</a> / W. boom [Wonderboom c. 25°41'S 28°12'E 1400 m] 29.i.16 / H.K. Munro’, [1♀ with] ‘caught / ♂  Tabanid’ (NMSA)*; 1♀ ‘  Wonderboom / 8.2.07 / C. Swierstra’ [feeding on  Acrididae nymph] (NMSA)*; 1♂ ‘ South Africa: Pretoria [c. 25°45'S 28°11'E c. 1345 m] / S 25° O 28° [Oos = East] ca / 1.ii.1987 / leg. W. Myburgh / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-25.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -25.0/lat -25.75)">Department of Entomology</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-25.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -25.0/lat -25.75)">University of Pretoria’</a> (NMSA); 1♀ 1? ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.183332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.183332/lat -25.75)">Pretoria</a> [c. 25°45'S 28°11'E 1315 m] Tvl / 28. xii.1921 ’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ Pretoria /  Feb 71 / T.M. de M.’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘  Pretoria / 11.i.14 / H.K. Munro’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ 1♀ ‘  Pretoria / 25.12.12 / H.K. Munro’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ same data but 12.1.19 (NMSA)*; 8♂ 11♀ ‘ Sth Africa Transvaal / Cycad Trail / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.466667/lat -25.766666)">Dist Middelburg</a> [c. 25°46'S 29°28'E 1525 m] / R. Elferink 3.i.1983 ’ (NMSA) [1 pair pinned together]; 3♂ 3♀ same data but 4.i.1983 (NMSA); 1♂ same data but 5.i.1983 (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa: / Bronkhorstspruit [25°48'S 28°45'E c. 1485 m] / 25°40'S 28°55'E 12.iii.89 / J.H. Venter / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.916666/lat -25.666666)">Department of Entomology</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.916666/lat -25.666666)">University of Pretoria’</a> (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa: Tvl / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.75/lat -25.8)">Bronkhorstspruit</a> [25°48'S 28°45'E c. 1485 m] / 14.4.87 / SE2528 Dc / Leg. K. Viviers / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.75/lat -25.8)">Department of Entomology</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.75/lat -25.8)">University of Pretoria’</a> (NMSA); 8♂ 7♀ ‘S Africa: NW Province / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.719444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.849722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.719444/lat -25.849722)">Mafikeng Game Reserve</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.719444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.849722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.719444/lat -25.849722)">Kolobe Drinking Pond</a> / 25°50'59"S 25°43'10"E / 1320m 16.iii.2003 J. Londt /  Rhus lancea savanna’ (NMSA); 1♂ 3♀ ‘S Africa: NW Province / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.735&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.851112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.735/lat -25.851112)">Mafikeng Game Reserve</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.735&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.851112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.735/lat -25.851112)">Noka Picnic Site</a> 1350m / 25°51'04"S 25°44'06"E / 17.iii.2003 J. Londt  Rhus / and mixed grass savanna’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘W.T. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.9/lat -25.866667)">Koster</a> [c. 25°52'S 26°54'E 1610 m] Tvl / 5/1/1927 ’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.154867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.89315" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.154867/lat -25.89315)">South Africa Rooihuiskraal</a> / 025°53.5890'S 028°09.2920'E / 11 Feb 08 C.J. van Niekerk’ (SANC); 1♂ ‘ S Africa Gauteng / Johannesburg, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.0/lat -26.033333)">Fourways</a> [c. 26°02'S 28°00'E 1475 m] / Magalisieg, Lesley Lane [= Leslie Avenue] / Found dead on street / Date: 15.ii.2003 / Coll: G. Redman’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ Carolina [c. 26°04'S 30°07'E 1700 m] / SE2630 Aa / ii.1979 L. Serfontein / Dept of Entomology / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.116667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.116667/lat -26.066668)">University of Pretoria’</a> (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ Carolina [26°04'S 30°07'E c. 1700 m] / H. Meyer / Feb 73’, ‘ Dept. of Entomology / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.116667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.116667/lat -26.066668)">University of Pretoria’</a> (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ Randburg / 26°7'S 27°55'E [c. 1580 m] / 20.iii.1994 / M.M. v.d. Merwe / Department of Entomology / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.916666/lat -26.116667)">University of Pretoria’</a> (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.316668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.316668/lat -26.183332)">Benoni</a> [c. 26°11'S 28°19'E 1645 m] / L.A. Botha / 3/66’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ St. Geo. Home (St George’s Home, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.133333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.133333/lat -26.2)">Bedfordview</a> c. 26°12'S 28°08'E 1700 m] Dist / 26.3.38 / A.L. Capener / with prey’ [feeding on  Acrididae] (NMSA)*; 1? ‘ South Africa / North-West province / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.166666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.166666/lat -26.333334)">Helpmekaar</a> farm / 26°20'0"S 26°10'0"E / 26.i.2008 / G. Lüssmann’ (SANC); 1♀ same data but 22.iii.2008 (SANC); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ RSA Gauteng / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.3/lat -26.333334)">Coligny</a> / 26°20'S 26°18'E [c. 1480 m]’, ‘ 15.iv.1995 / E. vd Westhuizen / 08h00–11h00’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa: Kinross / 26°26'S 28°7’O [Oos = East c. 1655 m] / 16.iv.87 / H.L. Grobbelaar / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-28.116667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -28.116667/lat -26.433332)">Department of Entomology</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-28.116667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -28.116667/lat -26.433332)">University of Pretoria’</a> (NMSA); 1♂ 3♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.383333/lat -26.483334)">Heidelburg</a> [= Heidelberg c. 26°29'S 26°23'E 1545 m] / 21.1.21 T.P. [Transvaal Province] / H.K. Munro’ (NMSA)*; 1♀ ‘  Heidelburg / 21.1.21 T.P. / H.K. Munro’, ‘USNMENT01100078’ (USNM); 1♀ ‘S. Afr. Transvaal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.083334/lat -25.116667)">Barberspan</a> [Nature Reserve c. 26°35'S 25°35'E 1355 m] / 25°07'S 26°05'E [incorrect data] / 14–21.xii.1993 / T. Joffe’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa / Mpumalanga / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.583334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.583334/lat -26.666666)">Greylingstad</a> / 26°40'S 28°35'E / 13.iii.2004 / L.P. van Jaarsveld’ (SANC); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.466667/lat -26.683332)">Delarey</a> [Delareyville c. 26°41'00"S 25°28'00"E 1360 m] / W. Transvaal / Dr Brauns / i:1917 [sideways]’, ‘USNMENT01100076’ (USNM); 1? ‘P’stroom [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.1/lat -26.716667)">Potchefstroom</a> c. 26°43'S 27°06'E 1355 m] / 24.i.1911 ’ (SANC); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.1/lat -26.716667)">Potchefstroom</a> [c. 26°43'S 27°06'E 1355 m] / Jan 1957 J. Steytler’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.2825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.934166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.2825/lat -26.934166)">Ndumu</a> [c. 26°56'03"S 32°16'57"E 125 m] Ntl. / i.1978 / G.L. Prinsloo / L.A.v.Luik’ (SANC); 9♂ 1♀ ‘ S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / Kosi Bay Nature Res. / 26°57'01"S 32°49'25"E / 13.xii.2010 JGH Londt / 38m Dry sandy pan in / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.82361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.95028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.82361/lat -26.95028)">Woodland</a> savannah area’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / Kosi Bay Nature Res. / 26°57'52"S 32°48'51"E / 15–16.xii.2010 6m / JGH Londt Lake Shore / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.814167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.964445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.814167/lat -26.964445)">Dune Forest</a> &amp; Woodland’ (NMSA); 3♂ 4♀ ‘ S Africa: N Cape #14 / 20km N of Hotazel / 27 07S 22 59[E] 1050m / Date: 14.iii.1991 / Whittington &amp; Londt /  Kuruman River banks’ [1♀ feeding on  Acrididae] (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.970835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.283611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.970835/lat -27.283611)">Heilbron</a> [c. 27°17'01"S 27°58'15"E 1550 m], OVS / (Vechtkop) / 4.2.1964 / HAD van Schalkwyk’ (SANC); 1♂ 2♀ ‘ South Africa: N Cape / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.458334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.47139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.458334/lat -27.47139)">Kuruman Country Club</a> / 27°28'17"S 023°27'30"E / J&amp;A Londt 15-16.iii.2015 / 1325m  Acacia savannah’. (NMSA); 1♂ 2♀ ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / Ozabeni-Manzimbomvu [Ozabeni school 27°31'S 32°35'E c. 45 m] / northern end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.583332/lat -27.516666)">St. Lucia</a>, nr. Labe Bangazi North / Subtropical coastal grassland / 29.i.2005 GBP Davies’ (NMSA); 1♂ 7♀ ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / Ozabeni / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.583332/lat -27.516666)">KwaMbila</a> [Ozabeni school c. 27°31'S 32°35'E 45 m] section / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.583332/lat -27.516666)">northern St Lucia</a> (2732DA) / coastal grassland, Sweepnet / 04–05.iii.2006, GBP Davies’ (NMSA); 4♂ 3♀ ‘S Africa: NW Province / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.670277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.634722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.670277/lat -27.634722)">Bloemhof Dam</a> (reserve) / 27°38'05"S 25°40'13"E / 1230m 12.iii.2003 J. Londt /  Acacia,  Ziziphus savanna’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa OFS / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.45/lat -27.4)">Sandveld Nature Res.</a> / 27.40S 25.45E / 25.ii.1993 R. Adam’ (SANC); 4♀ ‘ South Africa OFS / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.45/lat -27.4)">Sandveld Nature Res.</a> / 27.40S 25.45E / 24–25.ii.1993 / C.D. Eardley’ (SANC); 1♀ ‘ Subtropical grassland / and open lala-palm / woodland’, ‘ South Africa KZ-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.4/lat -28.233334)">St Lucia</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.4/lat -28.233334)">Charter’s Creek</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.4/lat -28.233334)">Makhakhathana</a> flats / 28°14'S: 32°24'E, 35m a.s.l. / 15.xii.2007, G.B.P. Davies’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ RSA: KZ-Natal #18 / St. Lucia East Shores / 32°25'E 28°20'S [coordinates reversed] 45m / Date: 26.ii.1995 / Coll: P.E. Reavell / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.416668/lat -28.333334)">Open</a> grassland’ (NMSA); 2♂ 3♀ ‘ Sth Africa. Cape <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.566668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.566668/lat -28.366667)">Prov</a> / Grootpan E Lime Acres [c. 28°22'S 23°34'E 1445 m] / 2823BC 25.iii.1982 / J. Londt &amp; L. Schoeman / Grass in pan centre’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.416668/lat -28.366667)">St Lucia</a> [c. 28°22'S 32°25'E 25 m] Z [Zululand] / 28.12.3 / Marley’ (NMSA)*; 4♂ 6♀ ‘ Sth Africa. Cape Prov / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.483334/lat -28.566668)">Roaring Sands Resort</a> [= Witsand Nature Reserve c. 28°34'S 22°29'E 1205 m] / nr. Witsand.  Acacia / woodland/sandy area / 2822CB 17– 18.3.1982 / J. Londt &amp; L. Schoeman’ [1♀ feeding on  Acrididae] (NMSA); 1♀ ‘nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.4/lat -28.583334)">Melmoth</a> [c. 28°35'S 31°24'E 720 m] / Langkloof / Hypothelia / grassveld’ ~ ‘15.3.87’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.05/lat -28.683332)">Enseleni Nature Reserve</a> / 28°41'S 32°03'E m a.s.l. / Date: 26/07/1980 / Coll: R. Miller’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.9/lat -28.75)">Empangeni</a> [c. 28°45'S 31°54'E 120 m] / Feb 06 / AVPB’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ 1♀ ‘ Richard’s Bay / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.116665/lat -28.766666)">Msingazi Canal</a> [c. 28°46'S 32°07'E 5 m] / herbs in clearing / degraded swamp / forest 7.i.94’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ S Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.1/lat -28.8)">Richard’s Bay</a> / 28°48'S 32°06'E 30m / Date: 14.i.93 / Coll: P.E. Reavell / Lala Palm +’, ‘  Digitaria / veld’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.966667/lat -28.85)">Lake Cubhu</a> [c. 28°51'S 31°58'E 10 m] 18.ii.86 / 2851S 3157E / P. Atkinson 17m’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.45/lat -28.9)">Ngoye Forest</a> [Reserve c. 28°54'S 31°27'E 515 m] / 3140E 2850S [cords reversed] 30.11.85 / P. Reavell 400m / grassveld’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.45/lat -28.9)">Ngoye Forest</a> [c. 28°54'S 31°27'E 515 m] area / 3140E 2850S 16.ii.84 / PE Reavell 400m / Ngongoni veld’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ Amatikulu / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.6/lat -29.116667)">Reserve</a> [c. 29°07'S 31°36'E 55 m] / Natal 17.11.85 [P. Reavell]’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ S. Africa: OFS #4 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -29.2)">15km NE Ladybrand</a> [c. 29°12'S 27°27'E 1605 m] / 2927 Ab 28.xii.1982 / Modderpoortspruit / P. Stabbins &amp; R. Miller’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ S Africa: N Cape #15 / 14km S of Hotazel / 29 19S 22 54[E] 1050m / Date: 14.iii.1991 / Londt &amp; Whittington /  Ga-Mogara River bed’ [feeding on  Acrididae] (NMSA); 4♂ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.1/lat -29.466667)">Dargle</a> [c. 29°28'S 30°06'E 1160 m]. Grassveld / 4400ft / Date: 20.ii.1987 / Coll: P.E. Reavell’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / Cumberland Nature Res. / 29°30.199'S 30°30.207'E / 13.i.2004 J. Londt T. Dikow / 560m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.50345&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.503317" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.50345/lat -29.503317)">Open</a> rocky area &amp; /  Acacia woodland near river’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.15/lat -29.65)">Mdloti River</a> mouth of / c. 29°39'S: 31°09'E [c. 1 m] / open beach/shore-line / 04.iv.2006, B Stuckenberg / &amp; G Davies’ (NMSA); 5♂ ‘ S Africa. KZ-Natal #1 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.851944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.75361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.851944/lat -29.75361)">Krantzkloof Nature Res.</a> / 29°45'13"S 30°51'07"E J. Londt 1.ii.2000 300m / Grassland / Stream edge’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ S Africa: KZ-Natal #2 2000 / Krantzkloof Nature Reserve / 29°45'13"S 30°51'07"E 300m / Date: 01.ii.2000 / Coll: S. James / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.851944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.75361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.851944/lat -29.75361)">Indigenous forest</a> near stream’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ RSA Cape <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.883333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.883333/lat -33.6)">Prov</a> / 8km N Port Alfred [c. 33°36'S 26°53'E 28 m] / 15.iii.1984 / P.R. Meakin’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-33.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -33.666668/lat -33.683334)">Kenton on Sea</a> [c. 33°41'S 26°40'E 50 m] / S 33°40’ O 26°41’ / 04.xii.1988 / LG Le Roux’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.416666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.416666/lat -33.916668)">Kaapstad</a> [= Cape Town c. 33°55'S 18°25'E 4 m] / I. F.W. / April 69’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ RSA: Western Cape / de Vaselot Nat. Res. At: / 33°58.194'S, 23°32.193'E / 24–27.i.2009 / A. Kirk-Spriggs, S. Otto’ (BMSA). ZIMBABWE: 1♂ 1♀ ‘ Rhodesia / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.033333/lat -17.866667)">Salisbury</a> [= Harare c. 17°52'S 31°02'E 1465 m] / A. Watsham’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.9075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.36028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.9075/lat -18.36028)">Mametsi</a> [Matetsi c. 18°21'37"S 25°54'27"E 1000 m] / S Rhodesia / Apl 1934 / R.H.R. Stevenson’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007824’ (SAMC)*.</p><p>Material not re-examined: Londt (1978) records additional <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.25/lat -28.95)">southern African</a> material ‘ Lesotho: 1♀, Leribe [c. 28°57'S 28°15'E 1940 m], 12.iii.1956, L. Bevis (D.M.); 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.85/lat -29.133333)">Mamathes</a> [c. 29°08'S 27°51'E 1685 m], 11.iii.1956, L. Bevis (D.M.). Rhodesia: 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.9/lat -18.35)">Matesi</a> [Matetsi - c. 18°21'S 25°54'E 1000 m], iv.1934, R.H.R. Stevenson (S.A.M.). South West Africa: 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.65/lat -18.3)">Kaoko Otavi</a> [c. 18°18'S 13°39'E 1430 m], iii.1926, S.A.M. Exped., (S.A.M.).’ Londt (1978) also includes some additional material in an addendum as follows: ‘ 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.766666/lat -23.0)">Zoutpansberg</a> [c. 23°00'S 29°46'E 1515 m], 8.iv.1973, Pinhey (N. M.R.). Rhodesia: 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.0/lat -19.666666)">Selukwe</a> [c. 19°40'S 30°00'E 1465 m], 19.i.1922 (N. M.R.); 1♀, Inyangombe River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.733334/lat -18.216667)">Inyanga</a> [Nyanga - c. 18°13'S 32°44'E 1620 m], XII.1920 (N. M.R.); 1♂ 3♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.033333/lat -17.866667)">Salisbury</a> [= Harare c. 17°52'S 31°02'E 1465 m], 19.ii.1927, 19.i &amp; 30.xi.1935, Cuthbertson (P.P. R.I.); 1♂, Kimbate Farm,  Salisbury South, 20.i.1935, Williams (P.P. R.I.); 5♂ 1♀, Meadowlands,  Salisbury, 30.xi.1935, Cuthbertson (P.P. R.I.); 2♂ 1♀, Cleveland Reservoir,  Salisbury, 8 &amp; 9.i.1939, Cuthbertson (P.P. R.I.); 1♀,  Salisbury, 29.i.1959, Cumming (A.M.); 2♂ 4♀, ‘ Georgia’, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.9/lat -18.333334)">Gatooma</a> [= Kadoma c. 18°20'S 29°54'E 1160 m], 3.iii.1931 (1♂ – 20.i.1935), Williams (P.P. R.I.); 1♀, Chimanimani Mts.,  Melsetter [c. 19°49'S 32°52'E 1510 m], xi.1967 (N.M.R.); 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.633335/lat -18.966667)">Umtali</a> [= Mutare c. 18°58'S 32°38'E 1175 m], ii.1928 (N. M.R.). South West Africa: 1♂, Bellarode Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.083334/lat -22.566668)">Windhoek</a> [c. 22°34'S 17°05'E 1680 m], 9.iii.1975, de Moor (N. M.R.). Botswana: 3♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.416666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.416666/lat -19.983334)">Maun</a> [c. 19°59'S 23°25'E 945 m], 21.iii.1974 (N. M.R.); 1♂ l ♀, 4- River Camp, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.433332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.433332/lat -18.266666)">Okavango</a> [c. 18°16'S 18°26'E 1165 m], 6 &amp; 7.xii.1973 (N. M.R.); 2♂ 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.183332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.183332/lat -18.75)">Sepopa</a> [= Sepupa c. 18°45'S 22°11'E 990 m], W. Okavango, 25 &amp; 27.iii.1974 (N. M.R.). Type material (not studied) is also listed as ‘ South Africa: Natal, 1♀ holotype, Port Natal (Durban [c. 29°51'S 31°01'E 28 m]), (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.016666/lat -29.85)">British Museum of Natural History</a>). Types of  P. nigripes are from Malawi: 1♀ holotype,  Mt. Mlanje, 18.xii.1912, S. A. Neave (B.M.(N.H.)). Rhodesia: 1♂ paratype, Bulawayo [c. 20°08'S 28°37'E 1335 m]; 1♀ paratype, Hope Fountain [c. 20°16'S 28°39'E 1450 m] (National Museum Rhodesia). The type of  P. multicellula is from Lesotho: 1♀ holotype, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.25/lat -28.95)">Hensley’s Dam</a>, 13 km. S. W. Leribe [c. 28°57'S 28°15'E 1940 m], 30.iii.1951 loc. no. 254 Brinck &amp; Rudebeck (E. M. L.)’.</p><p>Distribution, phenology and biology: Found over much of southern Africa (Fig. 16), records being more concentrated in the north-eastern parts which normally receive summer rainfall. Adults are summer active (Table 1), typically flying from November through to May (a single record for July). May be locally abundant. Typically inhabit grassy places in association with water (rivers, streams, dams, pans etc.). The female ovipositor is distally narrow and spike-like so may be adapted for thrusting eggs into soil. Some 24 prey records are available (7♂ (29 %) 17♀ (71 %)) –  Orthoptera:  Acrididae (10),  Tridactylidae (1).  Neuroptera:  Myrmeleontidae (2).  Diptera:  Asilidae (1 –  P. fraterculus ♂),  Tabanidae (1),  Bombyliidae (2),  Sarcophagidae (2).  Lepidoptera:  Lycaenidae (1), unidentified moths (2).  Hymenoptera:?  Vespidae (1),?  Halictidae (1). Cannibalism is recorded.</p><p>Of considerable interest is an analysis of the data provided for  P. nigripes (a synonym of  fraterculus) by Hobby (1935). He lists 33 prey records which can be repeated in the following format (orders and families in alphabetical order) –  Coleoptera (2):  Buprestidae (1),  Cerambycidae (1).  Diptera (7):  Asilidae (5),  Syrphidae (2).  Hemiptera (5):  Cicadidae (3),  Lygaeidae (1),  Pentatomidae (1).  Hymenoptera (10):  Andrenidae (2),  Anthophoridae (3),  Apidae (2  Apis mellifera),  Eumenidae (1),  Megachilidae (2).  Lepidoptera (1):  Noctuidae (1).  Orthoptera (8):  Acrididae (8). Although the species appears to feed on a variety of prey 24 % were grasshoppers ( Acrididae). The male versus female ratio is also of interest as only 12 (36 %) of the predators were male while 21 (64 %) were female – a clear indication that more females were found with prey than males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B782711FF92B5118FA1FEC9FBC99BB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF96B5108FA7FC15FCFE9E32.text	4B782711FF96B5108FA7FC15FCFE9E32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philodicus swynnertoni Hobby 1933	<div><p>Philodicus swynnertoni Hobby, 1933</p><p>Figs 6, 17–20</p><p>Philodicus swynnertoni Hobby, 1933: 109 (pl. II, fig. 2 ♂ gen., 3 ♀ ovipositor); Blasdale 1957: 144 (pl. I. fig. 13 ♂ gen., pl. II. fig. 6 ♀ S8); Hull 1962: 456; Londt 1978: 423 (figs 6 ♂ gen., 12 aed.); Oldroyd 1980: 343 (catalogue); Tomasovic 2012: 26.</p><p>A fairly large and distinctive species described by Hobby (1933) ‘from material preserved in the Hope Department, University Museum, Oxford. All were obtained during 1911 and 1912 by Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerton, at about 3 800ft., on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.666668/lat -20.4)">Mt. Chirinda</a> [c. 20°24'S 32°40'E 950 m], S.E. Rhodesia [Zimbabwe]’. There were no fewer than 117 specimens in the type series (♂ holotype, ♀ allotype, 60♂ 55♀ paratypes) collected from December 1911 through to March 1912.</p><p>Material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.966667/lat -25.483334)">Nelspruit</a> [c. 25°29'S 30°58'E 735 m] / 2.1915 / A. Roberts’ (NMSA)*; 4♂ 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.466667/lat -25.766666)">Sth Africa Transvaal</a> / Cycad Trail / Dist Middelburg [c. 25°46'S 29°28'E 1525 m] / R. Elferink 5.i.1983 ’ (NMSA); 1♀ same data but 3.i.1983 (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.233334/lat -25.883333)">Irene</a> [c. 25°53'S 28°14'E 1450 m] / M.G.A. Fourie / April 1969 ’ (NMSA); 2♂ ‘JJO / JHB [= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.966667/lat -26.166666)">Johannesburg</a> c. 26°10'S 27°58'E 1760 m] Tvl / 16.ii.1953 ’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘JHB [= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.966667/lat -26.166666)">Johannesburg</a> c. 26°10'S 27°58'E 1760 m] No 2 / Glenwilliam [?] / 13/i/62 Muti’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.966667/lat -26.166666)">Transvaal</a> / Johannesburg [c. 26°10'S 27°58'E 1760 m] / Ross’ ‘SAM-DIP / A007826’ (SAMC).</p><p>Material not studied: Londt (1978) lists unstudied type material ‘ Rhodesia: 1♂ holotype, 1♀ allotype, near Mt. Chirinda [c. 20°24'S 32°40'E 1010 m], 31.i.1912, C.F.M. Swynnerton (Oxford University Museum)’. Distribution, phenology and biology: While the type series was from Zimbabwe, Blasdale (1957) records the species from ‘ Sierra Leone, N. Gold Coast [Ghana], S. Nigeria, S. Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, SE. Rhodesia [Zimbabwe] (type locality), and Pretoria [in South Africa].’ Tomasovic (2012) added DR Congo to this list. The species therefore has a wide distribution which penetrates the north-eastern parts of southern Africa (Fig. 6). Although habitat information is lacking the type series was almost certainly collected in montane grassland. Swynnerton collected the type specimens from December through to March. There is also a southern African record of the species collected in April (Table 1). Tomasovic’s (2012) DR Congo records are for October and November so the species may have slightly different flight periods north of the sub-region covered by this study. While there are no prey records available for South Africa, Hobby (1935) analysed no fewer than 117 records for Zimbabwe, where the species was apparently common. Hobby’s published data can be summarised as follows (orders and families in alphabetical order) –  Coleoptera (5):  Cerambycidae (4),  Curculionidae (1).  Diptera (20):  Asilidae (10),  Bombyliidae (7),  Syrphidae (2),  Tabanidae (1).  Hemiptera (13):  Cicadidae (7),  Lygaeidae (4),  Pentatomidae (1),  Reduviidae (1).  Hymenoptera (32):  Andrenidae (1),  Anthophoridae (9),  Apidae (4  Apis mellifera), Bembecidae (1),  Braconidae (1),  Ichneumonidae (2),  Megachilidae (7),  Mutilidae (1),  Scoliidae (5),  Sphecidae (1).  Lepidoptera (1):  Sesiidae (1).  Mecoptera (1):  Bittacidae (1).  Orthoptera (45):  Acrididae (45). Although the species appears to feed on a wide range of prey some 38 % were grasshoppers ( Acrididae). The male versus female ratio is of interest as only 21 (26.5 %) of the asilid predators were male while 86 (73.5%) were female – a clear indication that far more females were found feeding. The female ovipositor is distally narrow and spike-like so may be adapted for thrusting eggs into soil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B782711FF96B5108FA7FC15FCFE9E32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
4B782711FF97B50C8FE5F994FEFC9ABF.text	4B782711FF97B50C8FE5F994FEFC9ABF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philodicus tenuipes Loew 1858	<div><p>Philodicus tenuipes Loew, 1858</p><p>Figs 1, 21–25</p><p>Philodicus tenuipes Loew, 1858: 361 [1860: 212]; Blasdale 1957: 139 (pl. I. fig. 6 ♂ gen., pl. II. fig. 3 ♀ S*); Londt 1978: 422 (figs 4 ♂ gen, 10 aed); Hull 1962: 456; Oldroyd 1980: 343 (catalogue).</p><p>Loew (1858) described the species on Wahlberg collected material from ‘Caffraria’ [Eastern parts of South Africa]. Blasdale (1957) discusses the close similarity between this species and  cinerascens, giving the distribution of  tenuipes as ‘ Southern Rhodesia [Zimbabwe], Pretoria [in South Africa], Cape Colony [formerly a large part of South Africa] and South West Africa [Namibia]’.</p><p>Material examined: ANGOLA: 2♂ 1♀ ‘ Cuanza [Kuanza] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.5/lat -10.233334)">Riv. Mouth</a> [? Longa River mouth c. 10°14'S 13°30'E 1 m] / 40mi. S. Luanda / Angola. Jan 1972 ’, ‘ Collectors / B. Stuckenberg’ (NMSA)*. MOZAMBIQUE: 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.466667/lat -18.583334)">Chinde</a> [c. 18°35'S 36°28'E 5 m] / Mozamb. / K.H. Barnard / Nov.1912 ’, ‘  Philodicus ♀ /  fraternus Wied’, ‘  Ricardo / determ.’ (pale blue), ‘SAM-DIP / A007808’ (SAMC); 1♀ ‘ Chinde [c. 18°35'S 36°28'E 5 m] Zambezi / River Delta / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.466667/lat -18.583334)">Port East Africa</a> / P.J. Usher’, ‘5.xi.57’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.45/lat -21.666666)">Bazaruto</a> [Island c. 21°40'S 35°27'E 0 m] / 8/3/71’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ 3♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.416668/lat -21.866667)">BenguÉrua</a> [Benguerra c. 21°52'S 35°25'E 10 m] / 6/3/71’ (NMSA)*; 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.433334/lat -21.966667)">Magaruque</a> [Island c. 21°58'S 35°26'E 35 m] / 5/3/71’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ ‘BanguÉ [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.45/lat -22.033333)">Island</a> c. 22°02'S 35°27'E 0 m] / 6/3/71’ (NMSA); 2♂ 1♀ ‘BanguÉ / 7/3/71’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ ‘ Moçambique / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.033333/lat -25.983334)">Namaacha</a> [c. 25°59'S 32°02'E 535 m] / 28/7/1980 / Coll. H.R. Feijen’ (NMSA); 7♂ 8♀ ‘ Inhaca Is. [c. 26°01'25"S 32°57'18"E 50 m] Mozam. / No. 942-950, 956-960 [respectively] / 17-I-1964 / Coll. A.L. Moore’, ‘USNMENT01100114– USNMENT01100126 [respectively]’ (USNM). NAMIBIA: 2♂ 2♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.25/lat -17.5)">Otjimbumbe</a> [c. 17°30'S 14°15'E 1064 m] / Kunene R. / Mar. 1932 ’ ~ ‘ S.W. Africa / Mus. Exped. ’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007828 &amp; 29’ (SAMC)*; 1♂ 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.841944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.532778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.841944/lat -18.532778)">Hoarusib</a> [c. 18°31'58"S 12°50'31"E 435 m] Otshu / S.W.A. ’ ~ ‘ Mus. Exped. / Mar.1926 ’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007832’ (SAMC)*; 2♀ ‘ Namibia 20.iii.1984 / 60km E Otjiwarongo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.083334/lat -20.65)">Rd</a> 101 20 39'S 17 05'E [c. 1490 m] / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg /  Acacia thornveld and dry river course’ (NMSA); 1♂ 2♀ ‘ South West Africa 2115 Ba / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.933333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.933333/lat -21.433332)">Omaruru Dist.</a> 50km N.W. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.933333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.933333/lat -21.433332)">Omaruru</a> [c. 21°26'S 15°56'E 1215 m], 1200m. 5-ii-1974 / M.E. Irwin, flood plain / with large  Acacia trees’ (NMSA)*; 4♂ 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.066668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.066668/lat -22.333334)">Namibia</a> 29.iii.1984 / 26km N Windhoek. Road / 1/6. 22 20'S 17 04'E [c. 1470 m] / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Dry stream bed  Acacia / riparian woodland’ (NMSA); 3♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.233334/lat -22.533333)">Namibia</a> 16.iii.1984 / 18km E Windhoek Road / 6/1. 22 32'S 17 14'E [c. 1880 m] / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Damp riverbed with / Acacias Stony ground’ (NMSA); 1♂ 3♀ ‘ Namibia 18.iv.1983 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.133333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.133333/lat -22.75)">Aris</a> [c. 22°45'S 17°08'E 1805 m] 30km S Windhoek / 2217 CA Stuckenberg / &amp; Londt Thornveld’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.083334/lat -23.316668)">Rehoboth</a> [c. 23°19'S 17°05'E 1405 m] / S.W.A. ’ ~ ‘ Bell-Marley / Nov – Jan 1938 ’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007830’ (SAMC)*; 1♀ ‘ Cayimaeis [?] / S.W.A. ’ ~ ‘  Mus. Exped. / Mar. 1925 ’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007831’ (SAMC)*. SOUTH AFRICA: 1♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.086668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.414999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.086668/lat -22.414999)">Messina Nature Reserve</a> / 22°24'54"S 30°05'12"E / J.G.H. Londt &amp; T. Dikow / 487m 14.ii.2005 Mopane / dry woodland Sand Riv’ (NMSA); 2♂ 2♀ ‘ Sth Africa: Limpopo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.950834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.143888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.950834/lat -23.143888)">Ben Lavin Nature Res.</a> / 23°08'38"S 29°57'03"E / J.G.H. Londt &amp; T. Dikow / 865m 13.ii.2005  Acacia /  Zizyphus dry woodland’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa Tvl / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.49/lat -23.45)">D'Nyala Nat Res</a> Ellis- / ras 23.45S 27.49E / 850m 5–6.x.1989 / M.W. Mansell’ (SANC); 2♂ ‘ South Africa N.W. Tvl / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -23.58)">Mogol Nature Reserve</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -23.58)">Ellisras Dist.</a> 23.58S / 27.45E 19–23.xi.1979 / G.L. Prinsloo, M.W. Mansell / S.J. van Tonder, C. Kok’ (SANC); 2♂ 1♀ 1? ‘ South Africa N.W. Tvl / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -23.58)">Mogol Nature Reserve</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.45/lat -23.58)">Ellisras Dist.</a> 23.58S / 27.45E 19–23.xi.1979 / M.W. Mansell’ (SANC); 1♀ ‘ South Africa / Trsvl., 5mi. W. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.283333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.283333/lat -24.883333)">Warmbad</a> [= Bela-Bela c. 24°53'S 25°17'E 1150 m] / 24-25 Feb. 1968 / Krombein &amp; Spangler’, ‘USNMENT01100128’ (USNM); 1♂ 2♀ ‘ South Africa Transvaal / Kruger Park 9.xii.1972 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.6/lat -25.0)">Timbetene Tswiri</a> waterholes / savannah woodl and nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.6/lat -25.0)">Skukuza</a> [c. 25°00'S 31°36'E 285 m] / B &amp; P Stuckenberg 2431 Dc’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ 1♀ [♂ as prey for ♀] ‘ South Africa: Transvaal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.916666/lat -25.116667)">Kruger Park</a> 9.xii.1972 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.916666/lat -25.116667)">Lower Sabie Camp area</a> [c. 25°07'S 31°55'E 175 m] / open savannah &amp; riverbanks / B &amp; P Stuckenberg 2531 Bb’ (NMSA)*; 1♀ ‘ S Africa: N-W Province / Pilanesberg National Park / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.223612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.253334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.223612/lat -25.253334)">Manyane Trail</a> 15.xi.1999 / 25°15'12"S 27°13'25"E / J.G.H. Londt 1200m’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.45/lat -25.5)">Boekenhoutskloof</a> [c. 25°30'S 28°27'E 1180 m], S.A. / (30km NE Pretoria) / 7.xii.77 / G. Bernon’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.983334/lat -25.733334)">Noordkaap River</a> [c. 25°44'S 30°59'E 650 m] at / Barberton Nelspruit Road / 2530 DB Transvaal / 7 Nov 70 Stuckenberg / Riverbank bushveld’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.183332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.183332/lat -25.75)">Pretoria</a> [c. 25°45'S 28°11'E 1345 m] / L. Schunke / 2-85 [ii.1885]’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007833’ (SAMC); 1♂ ‘JHB [= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.966667/lat -26.166666)">Johannesburg</a> c. 26°10'S 27°58'E 1760 m] / P. Leniare / Feb 1963 / Natal A.R.I. ’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa. Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.883335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.883335/lat -26.9)">Kosi Bay – Estuary</a> [c. 26°54'S 32°53'E 10 m] / 2632DD 16–19.iii.1982 / Coll: D.A. Barraclough’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa: Natal / 5km S Ndumu [= Ndumo] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.25/lat -26.95)">Game Res</a> [c. 26°57'S 32°15'E 50 m] / 2632CD 6.x.1982 / coll. J. &amp; B. Londt / Woodland near stream’ (NMSA); 2♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa / Natal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.669445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.546944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.669445/lat -27.546944)">Zululand</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.669445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.546944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.669445/lat -27.546944)">Sodwana Bay</a> [c. 27°32'49"S 32°40'10"E 40 m] / 2732DA / 8.v.1981 C. Car’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007834’ (SAMC); 1♂ ‘ South Africa / Natal,  Zululand /  Sodwana Bay / 2732DA 15.v.1981 / C. A. Car dunes / on beach’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007836’ (SAMC); 1♀ ‘ Bonamanzi / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.3/lat -28.05)">Reserve</a> [c. 28°03'S 32°18'E 20 m] / Sand path / through sand / Forest 21.xi.95’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa, Natal Prov / Cape <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.55/lat -28.116667)">Vidal</a> [c. 28°07'S 32°33'E 30 m], 20mi N St. Lucia; ME &amp; BJ Irwin 0 to / 20m; coastal dune forest / Nov. 24. 1971 (2832 Ba)’ (NMSA)*; 9♂ 8♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.483334/lat -28.266666)">St. Lucia Nature Res.</a> [c. 28°16'S 32°29'E 40 m] / 2832AD 18–20.xii.1981 / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Coastal bush &amp; forest’ [1♀ with prey  Apidae ( Apis mellifera)] (NMSA); 1♂ 4♀ 2? ‘ South Africa, Natal Prov / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.416668/lat -28.366667)">Zululand</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.416668/lat -28.366667)">St. Lucia</a> [c. 28°22'S 32°25'E 25 m], Nov. 24 / 1971; ME &amp; BJ Irwin (2832 Ad) / coastal dune assoc. 8m el.’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.416668/lat -28.366667)">St. Lucia Park Reserve</a> / ca. 28°22'S 32°25'E / J.G.H. Londt 20m / 2.ii.1988 Dune forest’ (NMSA); 2♀ ‘ Dukuduku [Forest c. 28°23'S 32°19'E 175 m] between / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.316666/lat -28.383333)">St</a> Lucia &amp; Matubatuba / Zululand S. Africa / B &amp; P Stuckenberg / 7–8 April 1960 ’ (NMSA)*; 4♂ 2♀ ‘ S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / Greater St. Lucia Wetland / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.418724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.383862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.418724/lat -28.383862)">Park Sugarloaf Camp area</a> / 28°23'01.9"S 32°25'07.4"E / J.G.H. Londt 9.iii.2004 / - 6m sand at estuary edge’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.416668/lat -28.383333)">St. Lucia Estuary</a> [c. 28°23'S 32°25'E 0 m] / Coastal bush grassland / Date: 7.x.1983 / Coll: B.R. Stuckenberg’ (NMSA); 1♂ 5♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.416668/lat -28.383333)">St. Lucia Estuary</a> [c. 28°23'S 32°25'E 0 m] / 22.ii.1979 2832AD / JGH Londt Beach’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa Natal /  St Lucia sea level / Oct 31, 1972, M.E. / Irwin, coastal dunes’ (NMSA)*; 1♂ 3♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.15/lat -28.45)">Umfolozi</a> bridge / 7km SW Mtubatuba [c. 28°27'S 32°09'E 20 m] / 3.xii.75 WL Overal / DJ Brothers’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.083332/lat -28.666666)">Richard’s Bay</a> [c. 28°40'S 32°05'E 5 m] area / 3205E 2850S 12.iii.83 / PE Reavell 25m / In sand dunes’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.0/lat -28.683332)">Enseleni Reserve</a> [c. 28°41'S 32°00'E 30 m] / Grassveld / Date: 4.iv.81 / Coll: P. Reavell’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.833334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.833334/lat -28.716667)">Mfongosi</a> [c. 28°43'S 30°50'E 575 m] / Zulu L. [Zululand] / W E Jones’ ~ ‘ Dec. 1914 ’, ‘SAM-DIP / A007825’ (SAMC)*; 1♂ 2♀ ‘ R.S. A.: KZ-Natal #81 / Umlalazi Nature Reserve / 28°57'S 31°46'E 50m / Date: 8.xi.1997 / Coll:JGH &amp; A Londt / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.766666/lat -28.95)">Dune forest</a> &amp; margins’ [1♀ with prey Caenagrionidae] (NMSA); 2♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.766666/lat -28.95)">Umlalazi Nature Res</a> [c. 28°57'S 31°46'E 5 m] / 2831DD 2–10.x.1982 / coll. J.G.H. Londt / Dune-forest &amp; edges’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal /  Umlalazi Nature Res. / 26–27.i.1987 / JGH Londt SE 2831DD /  Dune forest &amp; margin’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ Sth Africa: KZN Prov / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.786943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.950556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.786943/lat -28.950556)">Umlalazi Nature Res.</a> / 28°57'02"S 31°47'13E / J &amp; A Londt 12.xi.2014 / 8m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.786943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.950556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.786943/lat -28.950556)">Estuary</a> sandy edge’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.766666/lat -28.95)">Umlalazi Nature Res.</a> [c. 28°57'S 31°46'E 5 m] / 26–27.i.1987 / JGH Londt SE 2831DD / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.766666/lat -28.95)">Dune forest</a> &amp; margin’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.666666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.666666/lat -28.95)">Umlalazi Nature Res.</a> / ca. 28°57'S 31°40'E / 20m 28–29.i.1988 / Dune Forest J. Londt’ (NMSA); 5♂ 3♀ ‘ S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / Umlalazi Nature Reserve / 28°57'19"S 31°46'31"E / 5m 21.ii.2011 J.G.H. Londt / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.775278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.955278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.775278/lat -28.955278)">Estuary</a> banks &amp; forest’ (NMSA); 3♂ 2♀ ‘ So. Africa: Nata; / 1, 5 km / E. Mtunzini 2831 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.766666/lat -28.95)">Dd</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.766666/lat -28.95)">Umlalazi Nature Res.</a> [c. 28°57'S 31°46'E 5 m] / 24–25.iii 1979 R. Miller / Coastal dune veget.’ (NMSA); 2♂ 1♀ same data but 28.i.1979 (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ same data but 4 Nov 1979 (NMSA); 1♀ same data but 15 Feb 1981 (NMSA); 3♂ same data but 19–27 Jan 1980 (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.766666/lat -28.966667)">Mtunzini</a> [c. 28°58'S 31°46'E 10 m] / Natal RSA / 14.2.85 / M.H. Villet / (coastal dunes)’ (NMSA); 4♂ 2♀ ‘ Sth Africa: KZN Prov / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.788332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.967222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.788332/lat -28.967222)">Mtunzini Forest</a> Lodge / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.788332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.967222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.788332/lat -28.967222)">Area</a> 10–14.xi.2014 / 28°58'02"S 31°47'18E / J &amp; A Londt 10m / Coastal dune vegetation’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.416666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.416666/lat -29.016666)">Mhlopeni Nature Res.</a> [c. 29°01'S 30°25'E 915 m] / 15km SE Muden 2930AB / Coll: J.G.H. Londt / Date: 4.ii.1984 ’ (NMSA); 5♂ 2♀ same data but 22.xii.1983 (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ South Africa: N Cape / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.34639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.145/lat -29.34639)">Kenhardt Hartebeest Riv.</a> / 29°20'47"S 21°08'42"E / 14.xi.2011 780m / J &amp; A Londt Dry river bed / Sandy  Acacia savanna’ (NMSA); 2♀ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.35/lat -29.366667)">Blythedale</a> [c. 29°22'S 31°21'E 5 m] / Beach / Natal / 16.3.1963 / T.W. Schofield’ (NMSA)*; 1♀ ‘ Town Bush [Reserve c. 29°33'S 30°20'E 1000 m] / Pietermaritzburg / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.333334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.333334/lat -29.55)">South Africa</a> / T. Schofield / 31.v.57’ (NMSA)*; 3♂ 4♀ ‘ South Africa: Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.133333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.133333/lat -29.65)">Tongaat Riv.</a> mouth [Mdloti River c. 29°39'S 31°08'E 5 m] / 2931CA 22.xi.1978 / open sandy area / J.G.H. Londt’ (NMSA). ZIMBABWE: 2♂ 2♀ ‘ Country Rhodesia / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.85/lat -16.033333)">Loc Chirundu</a> [c. 16°02'S 28°51'E 400 m] / Date 18-5-1965 / Coll R. Borthwick’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.083334/lat -17.833334)">Hillside</a> [Harare c. 17°50'S 31°05'E 1485 m], S. Rhod / 17.xi.1922 / Swinburne &amp; / Stevenson’ (NMSA)*.</p><p>Material not studied: Londt (1978) records: ‘ 1♂, Mtunzini [c. 28°58'S 31°46'E 10 m], xii.1961, W.E. Lawson (D.M.); 1♀, Twinstreams [c. 28°59'S 31°44'E 15 m], Mtunzini, 15.xii.1963, Lawson &amp; Bouguin (D.M.); 1♂, M’Fongosi [Mfongosi c. 28°43'S 30°50'E 575 m], Zululand, xii.1914, W.E, Jones (S.A.M.).’ also ‘ 2♂ 2♀, Otjimbumbe [?], Kunene River, iii.1923, S.A.M. Exped. (S.A.M.); 1♂, Hoarusib Otshu, iii.1926, S.A.M. Exped. (S.A.M.); 1♀, Cayimaeis, iii.1923, S.A.M. Exped. (S.A.M.).’ In additional material listed as unstudied includes: Holotype “ Caffraria’: 1♀, (Rijksmuseum)’ and ‘ South West Africa: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.083334/lat -23.316668)">Hoarusib</a> [c. 18°21'S 13°00'E 590 m], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.083334/lat -23.316668)">Otshu</a>, iii.1926, S.A.M. Exped. (S.A.M.); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.083334/lat -23.316668)">Rehoboth</a> [c. 23°19'S 17°05'E 1405 m], xi–xii.1935, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.083334/lat -23.316668)">Mell-Marley</a> (S.A.M.).’</p><p>Distribution, phenology and biology: A fairly widespread species in southern Africa (Fig. 25). The species has been collected sympatrically with  fraterculus at Bela Bela and  dubius at Umlalazi Nature Reserve. Data presented in this paper confirm the presence of the species in Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe, and records, for the first time, material from Mozambique and Angola (which is not strictly speaking a southern African country). The species flies from October through to May – there being a single record for July (Table 1). Although a fairly commonly collected species, only 5 prey records are known (all associated with females):  Odonata: Caenagrionidae (1).  Diptera:  Calliphoridae (1),  Sarcophagidae (1).  Hymenoptera:  Apidae (2 –  Apis mellifera). The female ovipositor is distally broad and spade-like so may be adapted for digging in loose sand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B782711FF97B50C8FE5F994FEFC9ABF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2015): A review of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1848 in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 747, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0317, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0317
