taxonID	type	description	language	source
FA076C03D1CF5423898BB6991A16C4CF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Xenorhina characterized by the unique combination of: medium size (SUL of two males 29.2 - 29.9 mm; of four females 29.9 - 33.0 mm); vomeropalatines each with one short triangular odontoid spike; legs moderately short (TL / SUL 0.40 - 0.44); all fingers and toe 1 without, and toes 2 - 5 with, expanded terminal discs; eye-naris distance greater than internarial distance (END / IND 1.10 - 1.21); tympanum about same size as eye (TyD / ED 0.95 - 1.16); dorsal surfaces in life different tones of brown with small blackish spots; ventral surfaces light ivory heavily spotted with reddish-brown blotches or reticula; advertisement calls uttered in series containing 7 - 10 loud hooting calls = notes each lasting 141 - 165 ms and produced at a rate of 2.19 - 2.35 calls / s.	en	Guenther, Rainer, Dahl, Chris, Richards, Stephen J. (2021): Description of a new Xenorhina species (Anura, Microhylidae) from northwestern Papua New Guinea. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 621-630, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66954, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66954
FA076C03D1CF5423898BB6991A16C4CF.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male with vocal slits, calling when collected. Measurements are summarized in Table 1, a dorsolateral view in life is shown in Fig. 1 a and ventral surfaces in life in Fig. 1 b. Head broader than long (HL / HW 0.81); snout acuminate from above and below, distinctly protruding in profile; vomeropalatines each with one short, triangular and acuminate odontoid spike; loreal region oblique, no canthus rostralis; nostrils near tip of snout, directed dorsolaterally, visible from above but not from below; eye-naris distance greater than internarial distance (END / IND 1.21); tympanum visible in life and preservative, its diameter slightly less than that of eye (TyD / ED 0.95); supratympanic fold weakly expressed, extending from behind eye to behind tympanum; fingers moderately short, not webbed; tips of all fingers with barely detectable circum-marginal grooves, tips not wider than penultimate phalanges; subarticular and metacarpal tubercles barely visible; relative lengths of fingers 3> 4> 2> 1 (Fig. 1 c); shank short (TL / SUL 0.42); all toe tips with circum-marginal grooves and, with exception of toe 1, tips wider than penultimate phalanges; toes not webbed, most subarticular tubercles and oval inner metatarsal tubercle moderately well defined; relative lengths of toes 4> 3> 5> 2> 1 (Fig. 1 d). Body laterally with numerous irregularly shaped and irregularly arranged tubercles; dorsally posterior of head with four regularly spaced longitudinal tubercle rows (two paravertebral and two dorsolateral); dorsal surfaces of head, limbs, and all ventral surfaces without tubercles; tip of snout smooth. In life dorsal surfaces of head, body and extremities mostly ochre-brown (RAL 8001); posterior back with extended daffodil yellow (RAL 1007) flecks; tubercles on dorsum mainly black-brown (RAL 8022) with light ivory (RAL 1015) apices; a black-brown stripe runs along supratympanic ridge. Ventral surfaces mostly light ivory (RAL 1015) with beige-grey (RAL 7006) reticulation and diffuse orange-brown (RAL 8023) spots on extremities and both sides of abdomen; throat orange-brown with black-brown spots. Iris predominantly blackish. In preservative ground colour of dorsal surfaces of head, back and extremities beige (RAL 1001) with some inconspicuous brown-beige (RAL 1011) spots. Supratympanic ridge and cutaneous tubercles partly (especially on their bases) black-brown; rear of thighs predominantly fawn-brown (RAL 8007). Basic colour of ventral surfaces light ivory; flecks on chest, abdomen, and extremities beige-brown; throat light ivory with mahogany-brown (RAL 8016) flecking. Narrow light ivory middorsal line from between eyes to cloaca continues on to rear of hind limbs and is vaguely detectable on abdomen.	en	Guenther, Rainer, Dahl, Chris, Richards, Stephen J. (2021): Description of a new Xenorhina species (Anura, Microhylidae) from northwestern Papua New Guinea. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 621-630, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66954, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66954
FA076C03D1CF5423898BB6991A16C4CF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecological notes. Xenorhina ventrimaculata sp. nov. is known with certainty from two locations approximately 150 km apart in the lowlands of the Sepik River basin in northwestern Papua New Guinea (Fig. 5). An additional male specimen (SAMA R 71744) from Wamangu Village, about 300 km northeast of the type locality (Fig. 5), closely resembles this species in its ventral colouration but is substantially larger than the two male types (39.5 mm vs. 29.2 and 29.9 mm SUL) and further differs in a number of body ratios. We refrain from including it in the type series and consider the taxonomic status of the Wamangu population to be uncertain pending the collection of additional information. The habitat at the type locality at Utai is secondary lowland forest, where both the holotype and paratype ZMB 91632 were calling from beneath leaf litter after rain at night. At Yapsiei this species was found in primary lowland forest, where all specimens were found between 1.5 - 3.0 cm beneath the soil surface when attempting to locate calling males. The local name for this species at Utai is Mopepe.	en	Guenther, Rainer, Dahl, Chris, Richards, Stephen J. (2021): Description of a new Xenorhina species (Anura, Microhylidae) from northwestern Papua New Guinea. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 621-630, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66954, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66954
FA076C03D1CF5423898BB6991A16C4CF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective compound of two Latin words. Venter is a substantive and means belly or underside of the body and maculata is a feminine adjective meaning flecked or spotted. The specific epithet refers to the conspicuously spotted ventral surfaces of most specimens of the new species.	en	Guenther, Rainer, Dahl, Chris, Richards, Stephen J. (2021): Description of a new Xenorhina species (Anura, Microhylidae) from northwestern Papua New Guinea. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 621-630, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66954, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66954
