taxonID	type	description	language	source
C041879A8E4BFF8BFCD7A307FB20FA06.taxon	description	Description: Coccosphere spherical, but usually seen collapsed, consisting of c. 60 – 70 BCs and c. 5 – 10 CFCs. BCs elliptical in shape forming a flat, well-devel- oped rim that is tightly connected to the central structure by a narrow perforate cycle with single-crystallite width perforations that are barely visible. CFCs possess an arched process with a large leaf-like extension; low- er part of leaf is composed of angular microcrystallites, upper part of smoother crystallites and distal margin is delicately serrated. Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter c. 6 – 8 μm. BCs c. 1.1 μm long x 0.9 μm wide. CFCs c. 1.3 μm long, distal process c. 2.5 μm high.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E4BFF8AFCD7A443FB71F883.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis: From Latin pertusus – a – um (adjective), perforated; referring to the somewhat large perforations of the BCs and the large ones at the base of the CFCs’ leaf-life process.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E4BFF8AFCD7A443FB71F883.taxon	description	Description: Coccosphere, usually spherical in shape, consisting of c. 50 – 80 BCs and c. 5 – 10 CFCs. BCs elliptical; rim is connected to an elliptical central structure by c. 10 – 15 radial crystal struts of one large crystal width leaving large perforations at the perforate cycle that are consistently present. The central dome-like distal cover is formed of large angular crystallites, which are mostly arranged following the long axis. CFCs elliptical; rim is two to three crystals wide and is connected with a high and broad single-layered arched leaf-like process, made of delicate angular microcrys- tallites. At the base of the process, several (usually 5) large perforations, can be distinguished.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E4BFF8AFCD7A443FB71F883.taxon	discussion	Remarks: S. molischii var. pertusa HOL is primarily separated from S. molischii var. molischii HOL by the larger size of the perforations on the BCs and by the presence of large perforations on the CFCs at the base of the process. In addition, the BCs of S. molischii var. pertusa are smaller and more narrowly elliptical.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E4BFF8AFCD7A443FB71F883.taxon	description	Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter c. 5.5 μm; BCs c. 0.8 μm long x 0.6 μm wide. CFCs c. 0.7 – 0.8 μm long; distal process c. 2.0 μm high.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E4BFF8AFCD7A443FB71F883.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Digital image 151705 (Plate 1, Fig. 4), deposited at ICM (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain. Paratype: Specimens illustrated at Plate 1, Figs. 5 – 6. Type locality: Station Hivern- 99 25, 60 m wa- ter depth, collected from the NW Mediterranean Sea (40.82 ºN, 2.75 ºE) on 26 February 1999. Number of specimens studied: 8	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E4BFF8AFCD7A443FB71F883.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Sub-tropical waters.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E47FF87FF2BA74FFC6EFBC2.taxon	description	Description: Coccosphere, spherical in shape, with c. 60 – 70 BCs and c. 10 CFCs. BCs consist of an ellipti- cal, narrow rim that is tightly connected to a vaulted central structure, made delicately of less regular crys- tallites. Several struts of one or two crystals width connect the dome-like distal cover with the rim, leaving pores in the perforate cycle, consistently present. No apical boss can be observed on top of the BCs’ central distal cover. CFCs possess a broad but low (height similar to width) leaf-like process, with a large arched opening.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E47FF87FF2BA74FFC6EFBC2.taxon	discussion	Remarks: BCs are similar to those of S. molischii var. molischii HOL, but smaller and with noticeably less regular crystallites. The CFCs are distinctively dif- ferent, having a well-formed arch and lacking the large leaf-like extension.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E47FF87FF2BA74FFC6EFBC2.taxon	description	Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter c. 4 – 5 μm. BCs c. 0.8 μm long x 0.6 μm wide. CFCs’ distal process c. 0.8 μm high.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E47FF87FF2BA29EFEACFB32.taxon	description	Description: Coccosphere, spherical but usually seen collapsed, with c. 80 – 140 tiny BCs and c. 5 – 10 CFCs. BCs elliptical, with a single-crystallite-width rim and a rounded central structure, formed from sev- eral, usually large, angular crystals typically with open- ings in between. The rim appears separated from the central structure, i. e. there is a gap, where the perforate cycle would be. CFCs with a large central arch attached to the rim by robust lateral columns of large crystallites; vertical process extends as a large thin leaf with rounded to somewhat straight sides that are constructed by small crystallites arranged in characteristically ordered disposition.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E47FF87FF2BA29EFEACFB32.taxon	discussion	Remarks: BCs’ central structure is made by a few crystallites; it is perforated and bears no apical boss or any other structure on top. The perforate cycle does not possess any crystallites. The central structure is not attached to the rim by any visible calcification, but both the rim and the distal cover are supported by an organic baseplate.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E47FF87FF2BA29EFEACFB32.taxon	description	Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter c. 4 μm. BCs c. 0.6 μm long x 0.4 μm wide. CFCs’ distal process is c. 1 μm high.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E47FF84FCD7A67CFD2CFC58.taxon	description	Description: Coccosphere, usually spherical, com- posed of c. 40 – 80 BCs and c. 5 – 10 CFCs, all ornament- ed. BCs elliptical with a two crystallites-width rim, which supports c. 10 robust radial struts of about three crystallites separated by large perforations. The perforate cycle supports a concave distal cover with a central triangular apical boss that is flattened parallel to the long axis of the coccolith. CFCs elliptical and their rim supports an ornamented arched process ending distally in c. 6 spine-like struts of crystallites and a central triangular apical spine. Within the arch, oblique buttress-like sets occur giving an ornamented appearance. Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter c. 5 μm. BCs 1.0 μm – 1.4 μm long x c. 0.8 μm wide. CFCs c. 1.0 μm wide with a distal process of c. 1.5 μm high.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E44FF84FF22A1F2FAA9FDA4.taxon	description	The species S. periperforata HOL is characterised by body-coccoliths, with a prominent perforate cy- cle. The perforations are elongate and typically show consistent anticlockwise obliquity in distal view. The central structure may be domal or conical. The circum-flagellar coccoliths have similarly constructed rims, with medium-sized arched processes (c. 1.0 – 1.5 μm long). It is an unusual taxon among extant holococcolithophores in showing strong chirality; if the perfora- tions are oblique, they are always directed anticlock- wise in distal view. The species is morphologically variable (Cros and Fortuño 2002; our observations) in that 1) body-coccoliths and antapical coccoliths may or may not possess an apical boss on top of their central distal cover, 2) the central structure may be conical or dome-shaped, 3) the perforate cycle is variably de- veloped, and 4) circum-flagellar coccoliths may show a flat or a pointed top. If these characters are considered together, then they define a limited number of recurring morphotypes, and we believe these should be regarded as discrete taxa. One of the forms appears sufficiently well-separated to be treated as a distinct species, how- ever, for the other three, the evidence is less clear and therefore, we describe them as varieties.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E44FF82FCCEA0DEFDE7FE91.taxon	description	Description: Coccosphere, spherical in shape, com- posed of c. 40 – 80 BCs and c. 5 – 8 CFCs. BCs ellipti- cal rim one crystallite wide, perforate cycle with c. 16 radial struts that show anticlockwise obliquity in distal view; central structure cone-shaped. A short central apical boss always occurs at the top of the protrusion. CFCs elliptical with well-formed arch, supported by ro- bust columns of crystallites, ending distally in a central spine. Additional buttress-like struts of crystallites may also be present within the arch (Plate 4, Fig. 2).	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E44FF82FCCEA0DEFDE7FE91.taxon	discussion	Remarks: BCs’ central structure is of conical shape and consistently presents an apical boss on top of its distal cover. The width of the rim is of one crystallite and is connected to the central structure by struts of three to five microcrystals.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E44FF82FCCEA0DEFDE7FE91.taxon	description	Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter c. 5.5 μm. BCs c. 1.0 μm long x c. 0.8 μm wide. CFCs c. 1.0 μm long and wide; distal process c. 1.3 μm high.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF22A32DFD8DF916.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis: From Latin cylindratus – a – um (adjective), cylindrical; referring to the somewhat cy- lindrical structure of the BCs.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF22A32DFD8DF916.taxon	description	Description: Coccosphere, usually spherical, com- posed of c. 40 – 80 BCs and c. 7 – 14 CFCs. BCs ellipti- cal, rim one crystallite wide and loosely connected to a short cylinder-like distal cover at the central structure via c. 15 – 20 short, delicate connecting struts of crys- tal elements. The walls of the cylindrical structure are formed of compacted struts of crystallites, the top is nearly flat and typically without any central apical boss; however, some antapical coccoliths may bear a weak apical boss. CFCs with broad arch, supported by two short but robust columns, often with a central apical spine.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF22A32DFD8DF916.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The cylindrical form of the protrusion combined with the absence of a central apical boss readily separates the BCs of S. periperforata var. cylindrata. The CFCs are less distinctive, but generally less ornamented than those of other varieties.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF22A32DFD8DF916.taxon	description	Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter is c. 6 μm. BCs c. 1.0 μm long x c. 0.7 μm wide. CFCs c. 1.0 μm long and wide; CFCs’ distal process 1.0 μm high.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF22A32DFD8DF916.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Negative nº 140501 (Plate 4, Fig. 3), cu- rated at the ICM (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain. Paratype: Specimen illustrated at Plate 4, Fig. 4. Type locality: Station Meso- 96 E 3 / 4, 40 m wa- ter depth, collected from the NW Mediterranean Sea (41 º 23.0 N 3 º 10.2 E), cruise Meso- 96, 1 July 1996. Number of specimens studied: 7	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF22A32DFD8DF916.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Sub-tropical waters	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF23A4B3FB79FB35.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis: From Latin tridentatus – a – um (adjective), from trident, the three-prong weapon; refer- ring to the three-pointed upper structure of CFCs.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF23A4B3FB79FB35.taxon	description	Description: Coccosphere, spherical but usually seen collapsed, composed of c. 50 – 85 BCs and c. 6 – 10 CFCs. BCs broadly elliptical with a rim of one to two microcrystals wide. Perforate cycle irregular with c. 8 large perforations, separated by narrow struts, which usually do not show obvious obliquity. The central structure dome-shaped with a low apical boss. CFCs subcircular to circular in outline. A single-layered distal process, whose opening in the arch is placed low, bears an upper margin structure with three pointy edges; the rim shows one to two rings of crystallites.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF23A4B3FB79FB35.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The central structure of the BCs is similar to that of S. periperforata var. periperforata with a conical shape and an apical boss. However, the perforate cycle is less regular and bears less struts. The CFCs are also different, showing a characteristic upper margin structure with three pointy edges and a low arch. Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter c. 7.5 μm. BCs c. 0.9 – 1.1 μm long x c. 0.8 – 1.0 μm wide. CFCs c. 1.0 – 1.2 μm long and wide; distal process maximum 1.0 μm high and wide.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF23A4B3FB79FB35.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Specimen illustrated in JRYSEM- 303 - 76 (Plate 4, Fig. 5), stub TS 17 - 8 - 09, curated at the NHM, London, UK. Paratype: Specimen illustrated at Plate 4, Fig. 6. Type locality: Station RV 001, 10 m water depth, col- lected off Rovinj, northeastern Adriatic Sea (45 ° 04 N, 13 ° 63 E) on 17 August 2009. Number of specimens studied: 7	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF82FF23A4B3FB79FB35.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Sub-tropical waters	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF9FFCCEA74CFD85FC4B.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis: From Latin rota (noun), wheel, and conicus – a – um (adjective), conical; referring to the chiral-conical structure of the BCs.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF9FFCCEA74CFD85FC4B.taxon	description	Description: Coccosphere spherical shape, usually seen collapsed, composed of 30 – 80 nearly flat BCs and 5 – 10 CFCs. BCs’ elliptical rim formed of two rings of small crystallites and perforate cycle well-developed with c. 20 struts showing distinct anticlockwise obliquity. These form a simple cone with an apical boss on top of the distal cover. The struts are well-separated by prominent and large, nearly triangular perforations. CFCs consist of a similarly structured rim that bears a distal arched process with a low point via crystal struts. The central pointy edge is somewhat higher than the lateral ones.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF9FFCCEA74CFD85FC4B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: BCs’ central structure is conical in shape and similar to that of S. periperforata var. periperforata, but smaller. The perforate cycle is made by large struts of crystallites; BCs’ rim is of two crystallites wide as opposed to one of the S. periperforata var. periperforata rim width.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF9FFCCEA74CFD85FC4B.taxon	description	Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter c. 7.5 μm. BCs 1.0 μm long x 0.8 μm wide. CFCs c. 1.3 μm long x 0.8 μm wide; CFCs’ distal process c. 1.0 μm high.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E42FF9FFCCEA74CFD85FC4B.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Negative nº 140419 (Plate 5, Fig. 1), cu- rated at the ICM (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain. Paratype (s): Specimens illustrated at Plate 5, Figs. 3 – 4. Type locality: Station Meso- 96 E 3 / 4, 40 m wa- ter depth, collected from the NW Mediterranean Sea (41 º 23.0 N 3 º 10.2 E), cruise Meso- 96, 1 July 1996. Number of specimens studied: 7 Distribution: Sub-tropical waters	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E5FFF9FFF2BA184FC66FD6B.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis: From Latin elevatus – a – um (adjective), elevated; referring to the elevated arch of CFCs.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E5FFF9FFF2BA184FC66FD6B.taxon	description	Description: Coccosphere, most probably spheri- cal in shape but usually seen collapsed / flattened, with c. 250 BCs and 5 – 12 CFCs. BCs are characteristically minute (<1 µm) and partially calcified with an elliptical rim. BCs’ rim structure consists of an outer ring of tiny rhombohedral crystals that are loosely connected with an assembly of irregularly arranged, tiny crystallites in the central structure, thus leaving somewhat broad per- forations; a few BCs with only a rim sometimes occur (Plate 6, Fig. 3). CFCs consist of a similarly constructed rim, possessing though, a high arch (height> 2 x width) with a low triangular apical spine.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E5FFF9FFF2BA184FC66FD6B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The BCs are similar to those of S. marginiporata, although without the perforate microstructure. The CFCs with the very high arch are unique and quite different to those of S. marginiporata.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E5FFF9FFF2BA184FC66FD6B.taxon	description	Dimensions: Coccosphere diameter c. 6 μm. BCs 0.4 – 0.8 μm long x c. 0.4 μm wide. CFCs c. 0.5 μm long x 0.5 – 0.8 μm wide; distal process is 1.2 – 2.0 μm high.	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E5FFF9FFF2BA184FC66FD6B.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Specimen illustrated in JRYSEM- 177 - 72 (Plate 6, Fig. 1), stub 302 - 02, curated at the NHM, Lon- don, UK. Paratype (s): Specimens illustrated at Plate 6, Figs. 3 – 4. Type locality: Station 69 – 11, 42.5 m water depth, collected from the western Mediterranean Sea (37 ° 43 N, 0 ° 42 W), cruise MATER II, October 1999. Number of specimens studied: 9	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
C041879A8E5FFF9FFF2BA184FC66FD6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Northwestern Mediterranean and Alboran Seas	en	Archontikis, Odysseas A., Young, Jeremy R., Cros, Lluïsa (2020): Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991. Acta Protozoologica 59: 121-139, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.010.13265
