identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
AB538783D1502E52FF0FEF66FCC23CD8.text	AB538783D1502E52FF0FEF66FCC23CD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ariasa Distant 1905	<div><p>Genus Ariasa Distant, 1905</p> <p>Ariasa Distant 1905a: 314.</p> <p>Type species. Tympanoterpes colombiae Distant 1892a: 60 (Colombia)</p> <p>Remarks. Species of the genus Ariasa can be distinguished from the other Guyalnina by the absence of bright green basal area of the fore wings and bright red on the basal area of the hind wings, eyes that are not stylate nor extended anteriorly, a head that is wider than the mesonotum with eyes projecting beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum, an angled radial crossvein, triangular male opercula, an abdomen that expands laterally from its base, timbal covers with a curved anterior apex, and the posteriorly extended uncal dorsal crest (Sanborn 2016b).</p> <p>Distribution. Species of the genus have been reported from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963a; Sanborn 2011a; 2011b; 2013; 2016a; 2016b; 2019a; 2020; Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014; Dias et al. 2018).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1502E52FF0FEF66FCC23CD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1502E52FF0FEA0EFA0D3A6C.text	AB538783D1502E52FF0FEA0EFA0D3A6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidicinini Distant 1905	<div><p>Tribe Fidicinini Distant, 1905</p> <p>Fidicinaria Distant 1905a: 310.</p> <p>Hyantiaria Distant 1905b: 478.</p> <p>Type genus. Fidicina Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville 1843: 472.</p> <p>Remarks. Marshall et al. (2018) synonymized the Hyantiini into the Fidicinini along with several genera previously classified in a number of different tribes and subfamilies. Species of the tribe are found across the majority of the New World being absent only at the higher latitudes (Metcalf 1963a; Duffels &amp; van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; 2019a; 2020; Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014; 2017; Sanborn &amp; Phillips 2013; Gogala et al. 2015; Ruschel 2017; Dias et al. 2018). Representatives of the Fidicinini can be distinguished by timbal covers that extend anteriorly but expose part of the timbal dorsally, the well developed and usually angulate opercula, the trapezoidal pronotum with the posterior angles sometimes lobately produced, and the distinctly elevated metasternum (Distant 1905a; Boulard &amp; Martinelli 1996; Marshall et al. 2018). The presence of large protruberances on the hind coxae, dorsally reduced timbal covers, a basal pygofer lobe that is never bifurcate, an uncus with a dorsal crest and ventral apophyses to restrain the aedeagus, and the lack of medially angulate lateral pronotal margins are unique to species of the tribe (Marshall et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1502E52FF0FEA0EFA0D3A6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1502E52FF0FE84EFBBC3D05.text	AB538783D1502E52FF0FE84EFBBC3D05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guyalnina Boulard & Martinelli 1996	<div><p>Subtribe Guyalnina Boulard &amp; Martinelli, 1996</p> <p>Type genus. Guyalna Boulard &amp; Martinelli 1996: 20.</p> <p>Remarks. Species of the subtribe Guyalnina are distinguished by the presence of three-segmented rather than two-segmented tarsi found in species of the Fidicinina (Boulard &amp; Martinelli 1996).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1502E52FF0FE84EFBBC3D05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1502E57FF0FED1AFBB23E12.text	AB538783D1502E57FF0FED1AFBB23E12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ariasa venezuelaensis SANBORN 2020	<div><p>Ariasa venezuelaensis sp. nov. (Fig. 1)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:155F9F69-16B4-4D0C-B419-1634BF2A7D88</p> <p>Type material: Holotype. “ VENEZUELA, Barinas / Barinitas, 25-II-1986 / R.B. Miller &amp; L.A. / Stange, cloud forest”, female (FSCA). Paratypes. “VENEZUELA: State / of Monagas / –X–68 / J. M. Osorio”, one male (FSCA), one male (AFSC).</p> <p>Etymology. The name is a combination of the country of origin venezuela – and – ensis (L., suffix denoting place, locality) in reference to the apparent distribution of the species across much of Venezuela.</p> <p>Remarks. This is one of three small species of Ariasa that have a similar size and general appearance. The female is selected as the holotype because it is heavily pilose and probably represents the natural state of the males that appear to have been altered by chemical exposure.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Ground color tawny marked with castaneous and piceous. The holotype has significantly more pile than the paratypes that appear to have been exposed to chemicals possibly causing the loss of pile.</p> <p>Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, tawny with transverse piceous fascia through ocelli expanding anteriorly within frons and posteriorly to surround lateral ocelli, eye margined in piceous, piceous posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, ochraceous in one paratype, eyes castaneous, ochraceous in one paratype. Dorsal head with short silvery pile, longer silvery pile posterior to eye. Ventral head tawny marked with piceous, gena with transverse piceous fascia between eye and postclypeus, lorum piceous with tawny anterior and lateral margin, covered with short silvery pile and dense white pile. Postclypeus tawny dorsally, greenish tawny ventrally, castaneous within transverse grooves except two on dorsal surface, centrally sulcate from anterior to posteroventral margin to apex, with ten transverse ridges, short silvery pile on lateral margin, within transverse grooves and central sulcus, and on dorsal surface. Anteclypeus piceous with tawny anterior margin and carina, piceous connected across anterior carina in holotype. Mentum ochraceous, labium tawny with castaneous lateral fascia becoming piceous distally, reaching to sternite I. Distal scape tawny, remaining antennal segments piceous.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsal thorax tawny, pronotum with piceous triangular marks on either side of anterior midline, longitudinal piceous fascia from anterior to medial terminus of paramedian fissure to ambient fissure curving laterad then mediad at posterior terminus to join on midline in ambient fissure, piceous mark in anterior paramedian fissure, covered with silvery pile. Pronotal collar tawny anteriorly, greenish posteriorly, posterior half of lateral part of pronotal collar piceous, covered with silvery pile. Mesonotum tawny, castaneous lateral sigillae with piceous anterior margin and piceous fascia on posteromedial margin, submedian sigillae piceous with castaneous midline, rhomboidal piceous mark on midline posterior to submedian sigillae extending to cruciform elevation, scutal depressions piceous, rhomboidal mark and scutal depressions surrounded by castaneous, piceous mark on posterolateral corner, piceous mark posterior to anterior arm of cruciform elevation, wing groove castaneous with green posterior margin. Metanotum castaneous with green posterior margin. Dorsal thorax with short silvery pile, denser on lateral mesonotum, long silvery pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, posterior to anterior arms of cruciform elevation, and on posterior mesothorax, long white pile radiating from wing groove, and on posterior metanotum, piceous pile on posterolateral margin. Ventral thoracic segments greenish tawny except piceous basisternum 2 and meron 2, piceous mark on basisternum 2, and castaneous katepisternum 2, covered with short silvery pile, long white pile, and white pubescence.</p> <p>Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline, with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation tawny at base becoming castaneous distally, except castaneous radius &amp; subcostal vein, arculus and piceous anal vein 2 + 3,pterostigma present reaching slightly beyond radial crossvein. Basal cell greenish except along cubitus anterior, Basal membrane gray with piceous posterior margin. Hind wing venation tawny proximally becoming castaneous distally, except green, ochraceous in paratypes, radius posterior, cubitus anterior, cubitus posterior, and anal vein 1, and castaneous anal vein 3. Anal vein 3 short, about one-third the length of anal vein 2, with curved terminus. Anal cell 3 and plaga gray, anal cell 2 along anal vein 3 and anal vein 2 margined with gray, anal cell 1 along anal vein 2 margined with gray, gray in anal cell 2 margined with infuscation, white infuscation in base of cubital and radial cells.</p> <p>Legs. Legs greenish tawny, castaneous mark on lateral hind coxa, dorsal trochanters, proximal femora, femora with castaneous fascia, middle of fore tibia castaneous, distal fore and middle tibiae piceous, distal hind tibiae castaneous, fore and middle tarsi piceous, hind tarsi castaneous, pretarsal claws castaneous. Fore femora with proximal finger-like, adpressed to femur, secondary spine triangular, upright, tertiary spine very small, upright, all spines greenish tawny. Tibial spurs and tibial combs castaneous with darker tips. Legs with short silvery pile, radiating long silvery pile, and white pubescence, pubescence absent in paratypes. Female meracanthus piceous with greenish tawny margin, pointed, lateral margin sinuate, tip curved laterad as in male except reaching posterior of sternite II. Male meracanthus as in female, not reaching posterior opercular margin extending to posterior of sternite I.</p> <p>Opercula. Male operculum tawny with piceous anterior and lateral margins, area lateral to meracanthus domed, slightly expanded to point at lateral base, lateral margin straight, angled mediad, rounded posterolateral margin forming an approximate right angle between lateral and posterior margin, posterior margin straight, rounded medial margin, almost meeting medially, reaching to anterior of sternite II, not covering tympanal cavity posterolaterally. Female operculum smaller than male operculum, with curved posterior margin, reaching to lateral meracanthus medially and middle of sternite II posteriorly, with green posterolateral and posterior margins, dark castaneous at base, covered with short silvery pile and white pubescence laterally and medially at base.</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites 1–7 tawny with transverse castaneous mark on midline bordered anteriorly and posteriorly with piceous and green posterior margin, anterolateral margin of tergite 2 piceous, female with piceous spot on lateral tergites 2 and 3, castaneous spot on lateral tergite 3 in male paratypes, tergite 8 tawny, tergites covered with dense pile in holotype, pile very reduced in paratypes probably due to chemical exposure, silvery pile on tergites replaced with castaneous pile anterior dorsolateral tergite 2, lateral tergite 3, forming an arch from dorsolateral tergite 3 to lateral tergites 6 and 7, short golden pile on dorsal midline of tergites 2–8, expanding laterally in posterior tergites, long white pile on lateral tergites 7 and all of tergite 8. Timbal cover tawny margined with piceous, dorsolateral margin smoothly curving around posterior timbal cavity, incomplete exposing timbal dorsally, anterolateral margin rounded, curving mediad, ventral margin straight, parallel to long body axis. Timbal white with dark castaneous markings visible through opening in timbal cover. Sternites castaneous medially, ochraceous posterolaterally, male sternites III–VI translucent, male sternite VII castaneous with transverse posterior margin, male sternite VIII castaneous with ochraceous posterolateral margin, U-shaped notch posteriorly, sternites covered with short silvery pile, long castaneous pile radiating from male sternites VII and VIII, epipleurites castaneous. Female sternite VII castaneous with tawny spot on middle of lateral surfaces with single open U-shaped notch, posteriorly angled straight posterior margin to curved posterolateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 castaneous, darker dorsally and along ventral margin, with greenish ventroanterior spot and posterior margin, dorsal beak piceous, covered with short silvery pile, radiating long white pile. Dorsal beak extending beyond castaneous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 smoothly curved.</p> <p>Genitalia. Female gonocoxite IX and gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath extends slightly beyond dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath.</p> <p>Male pygofer castaneous dorsally becoming tawny and greenish tawny ventrolaterally, distal shoulder margined with greenish tawny, basal lobe greenish tawny, uncus castaneous dorsally, greenish tawny anterolaterally with piceous terminus of lateral branch of the uncus, anal styles tawny margined with castaneous. Dorsal beak thin, elongated spine with piceous tip. Pygofer basal lobe medial margins straight, parallel to curve forming triangular terminus, extending slightly more than half of pygofer length. Uncal dorsal crest triangular emerging at slightly oblique angle with rounded terminus radiating castaneous pile. Lateral branch of uncus short, not as long as dorsal crest, lateral section slightly recurved ventrally to triangular lateral apex, posteromedial margin straight, meeting under the median uncus lobe to surround aedeagus. Aedeagus castaneous with ochraceous terminal membrane.</p> <p>Measurements (mm). N = two males or one female, mean (range). Length of body: male 20.58 (20.45–20.70), female 20.10; length of fore wing: male 27.38 (27.30–27.45), female 31.60; width of fore wing: male 8.48 (8.45–8.50), female 9.95; length of head: male 2.95 (2.90–3.00), female 3.10; width of head including eyes: male 7.88 (7.80– 7.95), female 8.35; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: male 7.65 (7.55–7.75), female 8.75; width of mesonotum: male 6.38 (6.35–6.40), female 7.25.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Ariasa venezuelaensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all but A. urens (Walker, 1852) and A. diupsilon (Walker, 1850) by the body length being less than 21 mm. It can be distinguished from the slightly smaller (body lengths 19 mm) A. urens by the incomplete transverse fascia on the dorsal head, the ochraceous fascia on the postclypeus, mesonotum with linear piceous fasciae, and the tawny abdominal tergites with a piceous anterior margin on the dorsal midline of tergites 1–2 and from A. diupsilon by the primarily piceous head, the paired piceous fascia on the postclypeus, mesonotum with the large, obconical piceous fasciae with ferruginous posterior of lateral fasciae, and piceous abdominal tergites with a tawny posterior margin found in these species.</p> <p>The presence of the thin dorsal beak is the first reported for a species of Ariasa. It may be a characteristic of the smaller species in the genus. Further specimens need to be obtained in order to test this hypothesis as the A. urens holotype is missing its genitalia and the A. diupsilon holotype is a female.</p> <p>The other reported Venezuelan species of the genus are A. bilaqueata (Uhler, 1903) and A. colombiae (Distant, 1892). The larger body size (greater than 25 mm) quickly distinguishes both of these species from A. venezuelaensis sp. nov. although A. bilaqueata also has a piceous arch on the dorsal abdomen formed from pile. The new species can be distinguished from A. nigrorufa (Walker, 1850) by the red lateral and posterior abdominal tergites found in that species.</p> <p>Distribution. The new species appears to be found over much of northern Venezuela as the type series was collected in the states of Monagas in northeastern and Barinas in western Venezuela.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1502E57FF0FED1AFBB23E12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1552E56FF0FEC6CFC6B3B92.text	AB538783D1552E56FF0FEC6CFC6B3B92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guyalna Boulard & Martinelli 1996	<div><p>Genus Guyalna Boulard &amp; Martinelli, 1996</p> <p>Guyalna Boulard &amp; Martinelli 1996: 20.</p> <p>Type species. Fidicina bonaerensis Berg 1879: 140. (Argentina)</p> <p>Remarks. This genus was erected as part of a taxonomic key (Boulard &amp; Martinelli 1996) leading to confusion in the placement of many species with the very similar genus Dorisiana Metcalf, 1952. The first complete generic description was provided with a revision of the genus (Sanborn 2016c). Guyalna can be distinguished from other Venezuelan Guyalnina by a head width that is as wide or slightly wider than the mesonotum, eyes extending slightly beyond the anterior pronotal angle, parallel radial and radiomedial crossveins in the fore wings, male opercula that roughly form a right triangle, and timbal covers with a rounded anterior apex and a ventral margin that is parallel to the long body axis. Dorisiana is the most similar genus to Guyalna but species of Guyalna can be distinguished by a head that is as wide or wider than the mesonotum, eyes that extend slightly beyond the lateral edges of the pronotum, the timbal cover with a rounded apex, a ventral margin of the timbal cover that is parallel to the long body axis, and the longer lateral lobe of the uncus in species of Guyalna (Sanborn 2016c). The remaining genera of the subtribe currently not known to inhabit Venezuela can be distinguished as described in Sanborn (2016c).</p> <p>Distribution. Since the genus was introduced including two species, the genus has become one of the most diverse of the Fidicinini genera with species being reported from much of the Neotropics. Species of the genus are represented in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963a; Duffels &amp; van der Laan 1985; Boulard &amp; Martinelli 2011; Dorval et al. 2011; Sanborn 2011a; 2011b; 2013; 2014; 2016a; 2016c; 2018; 2019a; 2020; Sanborn &amp; Maes 2012; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014; Gogala et al. 2015; Ruschel 2017; Dias et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1552E56FF0FEC6CFC6B3B92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1542E56FF0FE9ECFB0B3F32.text	AB538783D1542E56FF0FE9ECFB0B3F32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guyalna bogotana (Distant 1892)	<div><p>Guyalna bogotana (Distant, 1892), new record</p> <p>Fidicina bogotana Distant 1892a: 58. (Bogotá, Colombia)</p> <p>Remarks. The species has a greenish tawny head and thorax with ochraceous abdomen with minimal mesothoracic and head markings that is very similar in general appearance to Dorisiana metcalfi Sanborn &amp; Heath, 2014 of the Venezuelan fauna. However, the presence of a curved anterior timbal cover with a ventral margin parallel to the long body axis distinguishes it as a species of Guyalna rather than Dorisiana (Sanborn 2016c). The male abdominal tergites are translucent and body lengths range from 24–26 mm.</p> <p>Guyalna bogotana can be distinguished from the other Venezuelan species of Guyalna (all illustrated in Sanborn 2016c) by the brightly infuscated basal areas of the wings and the bronzed distal apical cells in the larger (body length 32 mm) of G. atalapae Boulard &amp; Martinelli, 2011 and the ochraceous pronotum contrasting the remaining fuscous body, larger body size (26–31 mm), and the infuscation on the ambient wing veins quickly distinguish G. flavipronotum (Sanborn, 2007). The most similar Venezuelan species is G. distanti (Goding, 1925) but it can be distinguished quickly by the piceous markings forming connected arches across the dorsal abdominal tergites and the transverse piceous fascia on the head found in that species.</p> <p>Distribution. The species has been reported previously from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru (Metcalf 1963a; Sanborn 2013; 2018; 2020; Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014). The range is expanded northeasterly here to include Venezuela.</p> <p>Material examined for new record. – “ San Esteban / Fol. VENEZ. / XII 1–20 ’39 / P.J. Anduze ” one male (AFSC); “ San Esteban / S.Jean VENEZ. / Anduze ” one male (AFSC); “ VENEZUELA Aragua / Rancho Grande west end / Parque Areflo La Florista / Caracus, on trunk of Cassia saeri / 31 May 1981 1500 hours” one male (BNSN), one male (AFSC); “ VENEZUELA, Aragua <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.36&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.36/lat 10.15)">Rancho / Grande Bio..</a> Res. Sta. nr / Maracay Portachelo Pass / alt. 3508 ’ 10.15n x 67.36w / 27 April 1981 H &amp; M Cohen ” one female (BNSN), one female (AFSC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1542E56FF0FE9ECFB0B3F32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1542E5BFF0FED0CFE8A3CD1.text	AB538783D1542E5BFF0FED0CFE8A3CD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guyalna pygmaea SANBORN 2020	<div><p>Guyalna pygmaea sp. nov. (Fig. 2)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C6C77D89-A466-4B9D-8888-A9D4797ED6F6</p> <p>Type material: Holotype. “ VENEZUELA: Guarico / 44 km S. Calabozo / 8 34’N 67 35’W, 60m. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.566667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.583336/lat 8.566667)">Hato Masaguaral</a> / 28–II–86, R.B. / Miller &amp; L.A. Strange ” male (FSCA). Paratype. Same data as holotype, one female (AFSC).</p> <p>Etymology. The name is in reference to the small body size of this species (Gr. pygmaios, dwarf, pygmy).</p> <p>Remarks. This is one of a group of small species of Guyalna including G. cuta (Walker, 1850), G. nadae Gogala, Šporar, Sanborn &amp; Maccagnan, 2015, G. nigra Boulard, 1999, G. parvula (Jacobi, 1904), G. platyrhina Sanborn &amp; Heath, 2014, and G. sublaqueata (Uhler, 1903).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Ground color tawny marked with piceous and castaneous.</p> <p>Head. Head wider than mesonotum, slightly wider than lateral angles of pronotal collar, tawny with piceous spots on anterior vertex along supra-antennal plate, on frons anterior to median ocellus, extending to left lateral ocellus in holotype, surrounding lateral ocelli in paratype, spot on lateral vertex anterior to medial angle of eye, eye margined in piceous, and posteromedial corner, medial margin and anteromedial margin of supra-antennal plate piceous, piceous posterior to eye, castaneous between lateral ocelli and piceous mark on anteromedial vertex extending onto frons, castaneous on epicranial suture posterior to ocelli. Head covered with short silvery pile dorsally, longer posterior to eye, denser in paratype. Ocelli ochraceous, eyes testaceous. Ventral head tawny with transverse castaneous fascia on gena between eye and postclypeus, lorum tawny with castaneous medioventral margin. Postclypeus centrally sulcate, tawny, darker on dorsal surface, castaneous in anteroventral central sulcus extending into transverse grooves decreasing lateral extension in posteroventral grooves, ochraceous spot on apex, with ten transverse grooves. Anteclypeus castaneous with tawny anterior margin, carina, and posterior margin. White pile on lorum, gena, lateral postclypeus and lateral anteclypeus, long white pile on lorum, gena, and anteclypeus. Mentum ochraceous, labium ochraceous with lateral castaneous fascia becoming piceous distally with castaneous tip, reaching to sternite II. Scape castaneous with ochraceous distal margin, remaining antennal segments castaneous.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsal thorax tawny marked with castaneous and piceous. Prothorax with castaneous fascia on either side of midline, expanding laterally on both ends to form triangular marks, posterior mark also expanding posteromedially to connect in posterior ambient fissure on midline, mark wider in paratype, castaneous fascia in posterior half of paramedian fissure, mark denser and extending onto middle of disk between paramedian and lateral fissures in paratype, short silvery pile on disc and within fissures, denser in paratype. Pronotal collar tawny, piceous spot on anterior to lateral angle on margin of lateral part of pronotal collar, covered with short silvery pile laterally, across entire pronotal collar in paratype. Mesothorax tawny, submedian sigillae piceous except for castaneous medial margin, lateral sigillae castaneous with piceous anterior and curved fascia along posteromedial margin to posterior apex, tapering castaneous marks posterior to submedian sigillae, piceous between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, scutal depressions piceous, piceous spot on posterior of anterior arms of cruciform elevation, piceous fascia on lateral margin in wing groove. Short silvery pile on anterior disc, longer and denser silvery pile on anterolateral, lateral and posterior mesonotum, in wing groove, on lateral cruciform elevation, and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation. Metanotum tawny with long, dense silvery pile medially. Ventral thoracic segments tawny except castaneous basisternum 2, katepimeron 2, and lateral episternum 3, katepimeron 2 and basisternum 3 castaneous in paratype. Thoracic sternites covered with white pubescence and long white pile.</p> <p>Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline. Venation ochraceous at base becoming castaneous and finally piceous distally, with castaneous spot on base of radius &amp; subcostal vein, piceous between radius &amp; subcostal vein and costal margin, castaneous arculus, castaneous spot at node, posterior of proximal half of anal vein 2 + 3 piceous. Basal cell hyaline, pterostigma extending to radial crossvein, basal membrane of fore wing grayish, posterior lighter. Hind wing venation proximally tawny becoming piceous distally except ochraceous radius posterior and cubitus anterior, and castaneous anal vein 2, castaneous spot on base of anal vein 3, anal vein 3 with curved terminus, about half as long as anal vein 2. Anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3, anal cell 1 along anal vein 2 grayish, infuscation along grayish in anal cells 2 and 3.</p> <p>Legs. Legs light tawny with castaneous fascia at base of fore femoral spines, castaneous distal fore and middle tibiae, castaneous proximal and distal tarsi, castaneous tips to pretarsal claws. Fore femora with proximal spine angled, secondary spine upright, longer than primary spine, tertiary spine very small, all spines castaneous, primary and secondary spines with tawny tips. Tibial spurs and tibial combs tawny with castaneous tips. Legs with long silvery pile and white pubescence on coxae and trochanters. Meracanthus ochraceous with castaneous base, elongated, pointed, curved mediad, not reaching posterior opercular margin. Female meracanthus as in male except reaching posterior of sternite II.</p> <p>Opercula. Male operculum light tawny with castaneous base and lateral margin, castaneous mark posterior to meracanthus, area lateral to meracanthus domed, covered with white pubescence, slight rectangular extension at lateral base, lateral margin straight to rounded posterolateral margin forming an acute angle between lateral and posterior margin, posterior margin sinuate with central region bent ventrally, medial margin rounded reaching to lateral trochanter, opercula not meeting medially, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, barely covering tympanal cavity medially not covering tympanal cavity posterolaterally. Female operculum similarly shaped and colored except for curved posterior margin, reaching to lateral meracanthus medially and middle of sternite II posteriorly.</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites tawny, female tergite 7 with green posterior margin, female tergite 8 with castaneous anterior margin, tergite 1 edged posterolaterally with piceous, tergite 2 edged anteriorly with piceous, tergites covered with silvery pile along midline and radiating from posterior tergite margins, very dense on dorsolateral tergites 2– 4, denser in female paratype, piceous pile on lateral tergites 2 and 3 in male, piceous pile forming an arch from lateral tergite 6 to middle of tergite 3 and back to opposite lateral tergite 6, tergite 7 with piceous pile across dorsum, long white pile radiating from tergite 8. Timbal cover tawny, dorsolateral margin smoothly curving around posterior timbal cavity, incomplete exposing timbal dorsally, anterolateral margin rounded, ventral margin straight, parallel to long body axis. Timbal white with two castaneous ribs visible through opening in timbal cover. Male sternite I tawny with piceous spots on either side of posterior midline, sternite II tawny with castaneous mark in middle of anterior margin in tympanal cavity, sternites III–VI tawny with castaneous marks on midline, castaneous mark only on sternite III in female paratype, male sternite VII castaneous with tawny posterolateral corners, sternite VIII tawny with V-shaped notch posteriorly, male sternite III–VI translucent, long white pile radiating from sternites VII and VIII, epipleurites tawny, sternites and epipleurites covered with white pubescence, denser laterally. Female sternite VII tawny with castaneous spot on midline and in middle of lateral sternite, with single open U-shaped notch to rounded posterolateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 castaneous with tawny posterior margin and ventral surface, piceous posteroventral margin, dorsal beak castaneous, covered with silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, dense golden pile on posteroventral corner. Dorsal beak angled dorsally, not extending to length of castaneous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 smoothly curved.</p> <p>Genitalia. Male pygofer tawny with castaneous mark on anterodorsal margin and posterior margin on midline, anal styles tawny marked with castaneous, anal tube ochraceous. Dorsal beak absent. Pygofer basal lobe tawny, widening distally with curved posteroventral margin and extended piceous posterodorsal terminus, extending half of pygofer length. Uncal dorsal crest triangular emerging at slightly oblique angle with rounded terminus. Lateral branch of uncus with lateral terminus recurved ventrally, posteromedial margin curved almost meeting under the median uncus to surround aedeagus, not as long as lateral portion of lateral branch of uncus. Aedeagus castaneous with large ochraceous terminal membrane.</p> <p>Female gonocoxite IX tawny. Gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X castaneous with piceous tip. Ovipositor sheath extends beyond dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath.</p> <p>Measurements (mm). N = one male or one female. Length of body: male 14.80, female 14.45; length of fore wing: male 20.35, female 21.45; width of fore wing: male 6.55, female 6.75; length of head: male 2.20, female 2.20; width of head including eyes: male 6.20, female 6.55; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: male 5.90, female 6.35; width of mesonotum: male 4.85, female 5.30.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Guyalna pygmaea sp. nov. can be distinguished from the majority of Guyalna species by the small body size and the lack of wing infuscation or bronzing. Only G. cuta, G. nadae, G. nigra, G. parvula, G. platyrhina, and G. sublaqueata have body sizes approaching G. pygmaea sp. nov. The completely piceous lateral and submedian sigillae quickly separate G. nadae, G. nigra, and G. sublaqueata from the new species. The piceous abdomen and timbal cover quickly distinguishes G. nigra and the transverse piceous fasciae on some or all of the anterior abdominal tergites and piceous timbal cover quickly distinguish G. cuta and G. parvula from this new species.</p> <p>Distribution. The new species is known only from the type locality in the state of Guárico in north central Venezuela.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1542E5BFF0FED0CFE8A3CD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1592E5BFF0FED73FBBA3E13.text	AB538783D1592E5BFF0FED73FBBA3E13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnisini Distant 1905	<div><p>Tribe Parnisini Distant, 1905</p> <p>Parnisaria Distant 1905d: 203.</p> <p>Type genus. Cicada (Parnisa) Stål 1862: 21.</p> <p>Remarks. Species of Parnisini are distinguished by eyes that do not or barely project beyond the anterior angles of the more or less subquadrate pronotum, and the length of the abdomen is shorter than the length between the apex of the postclypeus and posterior cruciform elevation (Distant 1905d; Moulds 2005).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1592E5BFF0FED73FBBA3E13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1592E5AFF0FEC6CFF58384E.text	AB538783D1592E5AFF0FEC6CFF58384E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calyria Stal 1862	<div><p>Genus Calyria Stål, 1862</p> <p>Cicada (Calyria) Stål 1862: 22.</p> <p>Type species. Cicada (Calyria) blanda Stål 1862: 22. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)</p> <p>Remarks. Species of Calyria can be distinguished from other Venezuelan genera by the five hind wing apical cells. In addition, the ocelli are well separated from the base of the head, and there is an indistinct postcostal area of the fore wing (Distant 1906). Additional diagnostic structures for the genus are the flattened ventrolateral postclypeus without an obvious apical extension and the lateral surfaces of the pronotum are parallel for most of their length.</p> <p>Distribution. The genus is found over much of Central and South America with species of the genus being reported from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963b; Maes et al. 2012; Sanborn 2013; 2014; 2018; 2019a; 2020; Sanborn &amp; Maes 2012; Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1592E5AFF0FEC6CFF58384E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1582E59FF0FEAA8FE8A3120.text	AB538783D1582E59FF0FEAA8FE8A3120.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calyria minutopercula SANBORN 2020	<div><p>Calyria minutopercula sp. nov. (Fig. 3)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:07EA85CD-227E-4835-B012-F28DD8550FC0</p> <p>Type material: Holotype. “ Rancho Grande / Maracay / Venezuela / May 1972 / C.F.R. ♂ ” male (UMSP). Paratype. “Rancho Grande / Venezuela / August 1969 / C.F.R.” one male (AFSC) and one female (UMSP); “Rancho Grande / Maracay / Venezuela / May 1972 / C.F.R. ♀” one female (AFSC).</p> <p>Etymology. The name is a combination of minut – (L. minutus, little, small), and – opercula (L. operculum, cover, lid) in reference to the very small opercula characteristic of this new species.</p> <p>Remarks. The five hind wing apical cells, the inflated abdomen with dorsal ridge, the shape of the pygofer, particularly the distal shoulder forming an approximate right angle and the elongated, flattened, posteriorly oriented upper pygofer lobes with the distal end curving mediad, crossing the midline and terminating in a sharp point, and the very small opercula quickly distinguish this small species from other Venezuelan cicadas.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Ground color tawny marked with castaneous and piceous. The tawny is probably green in fresh specimens based on the variability in coloration in other described species of the genus.</p> <p>Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, piceous spot on vertex anterolateral to lateral ocelli, piceous surrounding ocelli, lateral ocelli not surrounded with piceous in some paratypes, piceous spot on anteromedial corner of supra-antennal plate, short golden pile on dorsum, longer posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes castaneous, tawny in one paratype. Ventral head tawny, with short silvery pile and long white pile. Postclypeus tawny with castaneous spot on apex, ventral side flattened laterally and centrally with sulcus bordered by a thin carina, dorsal surface tawny with short piceous fasciae on either side of midline. Postclypeus with seven transverse grooves. Anteclypeus tawny with castaneous posterior margin, castaneous expands along posterolateral anteclypeus in some paratypes, covered with long silvery pile. Rostrum tawny with piceous tip, long silvery pile on tip, reaching to hind coxae. Scape and proximal pedicel castaneous, remaining antennal segments piceous.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsal thorax tawny. Prothorax with piceous fascia on either side of midline expanding anterolaterally into triangular mark and curving posterolaterally anterior to ambient fissure, piceous mark on anterior disk between paramedian and lateral fissures, piceous mark on anteromedial corner of lateral disk posterolaterally across anterior disk, short golden pile on disk and in fissures, pronotal collar tawny with short golden pile on lateral angle. Mesonotum tawny with castaneous dorsum as wide as submedian sigillae, castaneous fascia extending from middle of lateral sigillae to posterolateral corner of mesonotum, castaneous longitudinal fascia on central cruciform elevation, distal ends of anterior arms of cruciform elevation castaneous, wing groove and posterior margin castaneous. Metanotum tawny with castaneous posterior margin. Golden pile on mesonotum on disk, denser laterally, between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, in wing groove, and on posterior metanotum. Ventral thoracic segments tawny, meron 2 margined with piceous, with short and long silvery pile.</p> <p>Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and five apical cells respectively. Venation tawny, becoming castaneous distally, with castaneous mark on arculus expanding onto junction of radius &amp; subcostal vein, proximal and distal posterior anal vein 2 + 3 with piceous posterior margin. Basal cell hyaline. Infuscation on distal end of apical cell 1 extending across distal radius anterior 2 and across ambient vein to wing margin apex. Basal membrane of fore wing gray with darker posterior margin. Venation of hind wing tawny becoming castaneous distally except green radius posterior, median vein and cubitus posterior, and castaneous proximal anal vein 3, anal vein 3 with curved terminus, about half as long as anal vein 2. Anal cell 3 grayish, infuscation in proximal anal cell 2 and distal anal cell 2 at terminus of anal vein 2.</p> <p>Legs. Legs tawny, coxae and femora striped with castaneous, distal tibiae and distal tarsi castaneous, tarsal claws tawny proximally, castaneous distally. Fore femora with four angled piceous spines, spines become smaller and less erect distally, primary spine straight, secondary, tertiary and apical spines curved. Tibial spurs and tibial combs castaneous. Meracanthus tawny with ochraceous base and piceous tip, piceous variable in holotype and paratypes, pointed, curved mediad, extending about half the length of male sternite I or half the length of female sternite II.</p> <p>Opercula. Male operculum with short, straight lateral margin to small, rounded, lateral extension, posterior margin straight to curved medial end, angled posteromediad reaching lateral meracanthus, barely reaching to anterior of tympanal cavity, ochraceous covered with silvery pile, with long silvery pile radiating from edge. Female operculum similarly shaped to male, reaching medially to lateral meracanthus, not extending posteriorly to posterior of sternite I.</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites ground color anteriorly with coloration expanding in posterior tergites. Tergite 1 with ferruginous lateral mark along timbal cavity, tergite 2 with dark castaneous lateral spot and castaneous midline, tergites 3–7 with castaneous dorsal ridge and castaneous on posterior dorsolateral surfaces, the amount of castaneous increases anteriorly and laterally in posterior tergites so tergites 5–7 mostly castaneous, sternite 8 castaneous anteriorly, ground color posteriorly and laterally. Timbal exposed, white with castaneous ribs, eight long ribs and six intercalary ribs. Male sternite I and II ground color, sternites III–VII ground color anteriorly with ferruginous posterior, sternites with short golden pile and radiating long golden pile, sternite VII with transverse posterior margin, sternite VIII ground color, elongated with V-shaped notch when viewed from the posterior, covered with short golden pile, radiating long golden pile. Epipleurites similarly colored to sternites. Female sternites similarly ground color with ferruginous hind margins to sternites III–VI, sternite II with central ferruginous spot in one paratype. Female sternite VII with deep medial notch, open V-shaped in anterior half of sternite with long parallel sides posteriorly, posterior sternite VII transverse. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color with castaneous dorsal and lateral fasciae, piceous on posterior margin in some paratypes, covered with golden pile, radiating long golden pile from ventral and posteroventral margins. Dorsal beak short, angled dorsally, not as long as castaneous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 curved.</p> <p>Genitalia. Male pygofer tawny, posterior and upper pygofer lobes piceous in one paratype, dorsal beak absent, anal styles castaneous with darker margin, piceous margin in paratype. Distal shoulder extending to half length of anal styles, forming an approximate right angle ventroposteriorly connecting to distal pygofer. Pygofer basal lobe thin, about as wide as pygofer margin, adpressed to pygofer, less than one quarter the length of pygofer, angled laterad at base. Upper pygofer lobes elongated, flattened, oriented posteriorly with end curving mediad and terminating in a sharp point crossing midline. Claspers, small, thin, with hooked terminus. Aedeagus tubular, castaneous with ochraceous terminal membrane.</p> <p>Female gonocoxite IX darkened ground color with piceous medial margin. Gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous.Ovipositor sheath extends well beyond dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath.</p> <p>Measurements (mm). N = two males or two females, mean (range). Length of body: male 13.53 (13.45–13.60), female 13.95 (13.90–14.00); length of fore wing: male 18.58 (18.10–19.05), female 18.95 (18.85–19.05); width of fore wing: male 7.20 (7.15–7.25), female 6.60 (6.45–6.75); length of head: male 1.95 (1.90–2.00), female 1.75 (1.70– 1.80); width of head including eyes: male 4.00 (4.00–4.00), female 4.10 (4.10–4.10); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: male 4.50 (4.40–4.60), female 4.35 (4.30–4.40); width of mesonotum: male 3.80 (3.80–3.80), female 3.80 (3.80–3.80).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Calyria minutopercula sp. nov. can be distinguished quickly from all other species by the shape of the pygofer and the very small opercula. It can be distinguished from C. fenestrata (Fabricius, 1803) and C. stigma (Walker, 1850) by the lack of an apical spot on the fore wing of these species along with the ferruginous coloration of C. fenestrata and the piceous markings within the pronotal fissures and mesothoracic piceous markings of C. stigma. The new species can be distinguished from C. cuna (Walker, 1850) by the piceous spots on the head and parallel longitudinal fascia on either side of the pronotal midline in the new species and from C. mogannoides Jacobi, 1907 by the lateral abdomen tapering straight to the posterior rather than curving and producing a rounded abdomen, and by the lack of piceous spots on the head and parallel longitudinal fascia on either side of the midline.</p> <p>The remaining species of the genus, Calyria jacobii Bergroth, 1914 and C. telifera (Walker, 1858a), are also found in Venezuelan. Calyria telifera can be distinguished from the new species by the lateral abdomen tapering straight to the posterior rather than curving and producing a rounded abdomen, and the lack of piceous markings on the abdomen, the ferruginous fore wing veins, the dorsal postclypeus being as long as it is wide, and the supra-antennal plates do not extend anteriorly beyond the lateral postclypeus. Finally, C. jacobii is the most similar species as it also has small opercula but it can be distinguished by the smaller body size (male body length 10.5 mm), the rostrum reaching only to the middle coxae, and, most importantly, the upper pygofer lobe is broad extending half the length to the distinct dorsal beak (illustrated in Bergroth 1914).</p> <p>Distribution. The new species is known only from the type locality in the state of Aragua in northern Venezuela.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1582E59FF0FEAA8FE8A3120	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D15D2E5FFF0FEBAFFF543B02.text	AB538783D15D2E5FFF0FEBAFFF543B02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnisa Stal 1862	<div><p>Genus Parnisa Stål, 1862</p> <p>Cicada (Parnisa) Stål 1862: 21.</p> <p>Type species. Cicada (Parnisa) biplagiata Stål 1862: 21. (Brazil)</p> <p>Remarks. Species of Parnisa are characterized by five apical cells in the hind wings, ocelli that are well separated from the base of the head, and the distinct postcostal area of the fore wing (Distant 1906). The entire original generic description is based on structures of the fore wing (Stål 1862). The lateral surfaces of the pronotum are parallel for most of their length.</p> <p>Distribution. Species of the genus have been reported previously from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963b; Sanborn 2013; Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014) with the first record for Bolivia reported recently (Sanborn 2019a).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D15D2E5FFF0FEBAFFF543B02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D15D2E5DFF0FE97CFC443CEA.text	AB538783D15D2E5DFF0FE97CFC443CEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnisa castanepronotum SANBORN 2020	<div><p>Parnisa castanepronotum sp. nov. (Fig. 4)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C4C3FA24-E2F4-43DE-A9E6-C1417BA84689</p> <p>Type material: Holotype. “ VENEZUELA: T.F. Amazon. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.05/lat 1.9333334)">San Carlos de Rio / Negro</a> / 1° 56’N 67° 03’W / 13–17 Dec. 1984 / R. L. Brown ” male (MEMC). Paratypes. Same data as holotype, one male (AFSC).</p> <p>Remarks. This is a very small species. The distinct postcostal area of the fore wings and the 5 apical cells of the hind wings in combination with the castaneous dorsolateral pronotum quickly distinguish it. The slightly curved dorsal beak, the elongated upper pygofer lobe with a finger-like extension curving dorsomedially toward but not reaching midline is also unique to the species.</p> <p>Etymology. The name is a combination of castane– (L. castaneus, the color of chestnuts) and –pronotum in reference to the contrasting castaneous color of the dorsolateral pronotal disks.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Ground color of head and thorax castaneous marked with piceous, abdomen tawny.</p> <p>Head. Head wider than mesonotum, castaneous with piceous mark in posterior cranial depressions, crossing middle of epicranial suture anterior arm, and thin fascia on posterior half of median ocellus, supra-antennal plate tawny, anterior margin ochraceous in paratype. Ocelli red, eyes testaceous. Short silvery pile on dorsum, long silvery pile posterior to eye. Gena and lorum ferruginous, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Postclypeus apex smoothly rounded anteriorly, centrally sulcate, extending from anterior to posteroventral margin around apex to anterodorsal surface, with eight transverse grooves, short silvery pile laterally and within transverse grooves. Postclypeus ground color, piceous marks on either side of midline on dorsal surface along frontoclypeal suture, dark castaneous marks on medial transverse ridges. Anteclypeus ground color, covered with short silvery pile. Rostrum castaneous with piceous lateral fasciae and castaneous tip, reaching to hind trochanters, radiating golden pile. Scape and distal pedicel ground color, remaining antennal segments castaneous.</p> <p>Thorax. Thorax castaneous, marked with piceous and tawny. Pronotum medially, anterior margin, and pronotal collar tawny, disks dark castaneous with C-shaped piceous mark on either side of midline, piceous mark in medial side of anterior lateral fissure continuing onto anterolateral disk between paramedian and lateral fissures. Lateral part of pronotal collar absent. Pronotum covered with sparse, short silvery pile. Mesonotum castaneous with sparse silvery pile dorsally, denser anterolaterally, around posterolateral curve, and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation. Metanotum castaneous with lighter posterior margin, radiating dense castaneous pile dorsally and ventrally. Ventral thoracic plates tawny, covered with short and long silvery pile.</p> <p>Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline, with eight and five apical cells respectively. Venation tawny basally becoming testaceous distally in apical cells, except ochraceous proximal costal margin and proximal cubitus posterior+anal vein 1 and piceous proximal half of anal vein 2 + 3, pterostigma present. Basal cell hyaline. Basal membrane grayish with piceous posterior margin. Hind wing venation tawny basally and castaneous distally except ochraceous costal and median veins and castaneous anal vein 3, anal vein 3 short, about one-third the length of anal vein 2 with curved terminus, spot of infuscation on distal anal vein 2. Basal half of anal cell 3 gray, anal cell 2 along anal vein 3 to curve, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to curve margined with gray.</p> <p>Legs. Tawny, dark castaneous marks on anterior and lateral coxae, femora striped with ochraceous, pretarsal claws tawny at base with dark castaneous tips, covered with short silvery pile, radiating long silvery pile from legs, additional long castaneous pile on tibiae and tarsi. Fore femora with proximal spine longest and most upright, secondary spine only angled slightly more, about as long as tertiary spine, tertiary spine angled more than secondary spine, and apical spine shortest, angled closest to the femoral axis. Spines castaneous with piceous margins and tips. Tibial spurs and tibial combs tawny with castaneous tips. Meracanthus ochraceous with tawny base, triangular, pointed, reaching middle of medial operculum.</p> <p>Opercula. Male operculum tawny, ferruginous mark along lateral meracanthus in paratype, not covering tympanal cavity or reaching anterior margin of sternite II, lateral rectangular extension at base, lateral margin straight to smoothly curving posterolateral corner continuous with curving posterior margin, medial margin rounded, reaching to medial meracanthus, anteromedial margin smoothly curved to base, well separated from meracanthus. Operculum with short silvery pile, radiating long silvery pile from margin.</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites tawny, covered with silvery pile, longer pile on lateral surfaces, short piceous pile on dorsal midline. Timbal cover absent, timbal semi-transparent with castaneous anterior and lateral margins, with five long ribs. Sternites and epipleurites tawny, male sternite VII with transverse posteriorly margin, male sternite VIII with open V-shaped notch posteriorly, sternites with short silvery and radiating long silvery pile, denser laterally and on epipleurites, sternite VIII with long castaneous pile.</p> <p>Genitalia. Pygofer tawny with short silvery pile, dorsal beak slightly curved, about twice as long as piceous anal styles. Upper pygofer lobe elongated from triangular base, finger-like extension curving dorsomedially toward but not reaching midline. Pygofer basal lobe very short, knob-like. Uncus lobes absent. Claspers thin laterally, curving mediad but not meeting along midline, with pointed terminus, medially forming a convex tawny plate with curved terminus, not meeting along castaneous midline. Aedeagus ochraceous with elongated pseudoparameres and large terminal membrane.</p> <p>Measurements (mm). N = two males, mean (range). Length of body: 9.33 (8.70–9.95); length of fore wing: 12.80 (12.15–13.45); width of fore wing: 4.58 (4.45–4.70); length of head: 1.68 (1.65–1.70); width of head including eyes: 3.40 (3.30–3.50); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 3.65 (3.60–3.70); width of mesonotum: 3.08 (3.05–3.10).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The only known Parnisa species to inhabit Venezuela are P. moneta (Germar, 1830), P. licina sp. nov. and P. castanepronotum sp. nov. Parnisa castanepronotum sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. moneta by the ferruginous abdominal tergites with transverse piceous abdominal markings, the ferruginous abdominal sternites, the ferruginous costal margin of the fore wing, the hind wing anal vein 3 is about one third the length of anal vein 2, the male operculum is pointed medially, and the upper pygofer lobe is S-shaped in P. moneta. Parnisa castanepronotum sp. nov. is very similar to P. licina sp. nov. but they differ in the ferruginous head, mesothorax and anterior abdomen, the ferruginous ventrum, the pointed medial male operculum, and the pygofer upper lobes form an almost right angle in P. licina sp. nov.</p> <p>Parnisa castanepronotum sp. nov. can be separated by its smaller body size from P. demittens (Walker, 1858b) and P. proponens (Walker, 1858b) (body lengths greater than 15 mm in these species). Parnisa lineaviridia Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014 has more extensive thoracic markings, slightly longer body (male 11.1–12.5 mm, female 14.4 mm), and shorter fore wings (male 11.6–13.6 mm, female 14.0 mm). The body markings and general body coloration differentiate this new species from the unicolorous green P. viridis Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014. Parnisa designata (Walker, 1858a) is castaneous with a red venter. Parnisa haemorrhagica Jacobi, 1904 is green with an reddish-orange abdominal venter. Parnisa angularis Uhler, 1903 has a ridged abdomen and brown-banded tergites, and P. protracta Uhler, 1903 has a red abdomen. The new species can be distinguished from P. fraudulenta (Stål, 1862) by the longitudinal dorsolateral markings on either side of the abdominal midline extending to the posterior abdomen. Finally, P.santacruzensis Sanborn 2019a males have a unicolorous pronotum and inflated upper pygofer lobes that extend as finger-like projections that curve mediad and meet on the midline and females have longitudinal markings on the mesothorax and abdomen.</p> <p>Distribution. The species is known only from the type series collected in the southwestern state of Amazonas, Venezuela. The collection locality is less than three km from Colombia and about 20 km from Brazil suggesting the distribution will expand into these countries with further collection efforts.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D15D2E5DFF0FE97CFC443CEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D15F2E42FF0FEEC4FF513BF6.text	AB538783D15F2E42FF0FEEC4FF513BF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnisa licina SANBORN 2020	<div><p>Parnisa licina sp. nov. (Fig. 5)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C99A3054-6D1E-4670-B710-55E0F0ED4782</p> <p>Type material: Holotype. “ VENEZUELA: Bolivar / 110 km. SW Sta. Elena / de Uairen; 5 July / 1987; R.S. Miller ” male (UCVM, temporarily in MAIC).</p> <p>Remarks. This is another very small species. The ferruginous head, mesothorax, anterior abdomen, and ventrum, and the shape of the pygofer, particularly the spine-like dorsal beak, the elongated upper pygofer lobe with a finger-like extension from a rectangular base that forms an approximate right angle to the base and curves toward but does not reach the midline, distinguish it from other members of the genus.</p> <p>Etymology. The name is in reference to the almost perpendicular upward bend in the upper pygofer lobe of the male when viewed from the side (L. licinus, bent or turned upward).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Ground color of head, mesothorax, anterior abdomen, and ventrum ferruginous marked with piceous and castaneous, pronotal disks dark ochraceous, posterior abdomen with transverse tawny stripes.</p> <p>Head. Head wider than mesonotum, ferruginous with piceous marks in posterior cranial depressions, crossing middle of epicranial suture anterior arm, on medial angle of eye, and thin fascia on either side of median ocellus, supra-antennal plate ground color. Ocelli red, eyes testaceous. Long silvery pile posterior to eye. Gena ferruginous, lorum ferruginous with ochraceous ventromedial spot, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Postclypeus apex smoothly rounded anteriorly, centrally sulcate, extending from anterior to ventroposterior margin around apex to anterodorsal surface, with eight transverse grooves, short silvery pile laterally and within transverse grooves. Postclypeus ferruginous with ochraceous lateroventral surfaces, piceous marks on either side of midline on dorsal surface along frontoclypeal suture, castaneous marks on medial transverse ridges. Anteclypeus ferruginous, covered with short silvery pile. Rostrum castaneous with piceous lateral fasciae and ochraceous tip, reaching to hind trochanters. Scape ferruginous medially, ochraceous laterally, proximal pedicel ochraceous, remaining antennal segments tawny.</p> <p>Thorax. Thorax ferruginous, marked with piceous and castaneous. Pronotum medially, anterior margin, lateral disk and margin and pronotal collar ferruginous, disks dark ochraceous with C-shaped piceous mark on either side of midline connecting to piceous marks in posterior two-thirds of paramedian fissure and fascia extending through medial lateral fissures, anterior disk between paramedian and lateral fissures piceous connecting to J-shaped castaneous mark extending in middle of lateral disc. Lateral part of pronotal collar absent. Pronotum covered with sparse, short silvery pile. Mesonotum ferruginous with castaneous scutal depressions, ochraceous anterior arms and posteromedial margin of cruciform elevation. Sparse silvery pile dorsally, denser anterolaterally, around posterior curve, and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation. Metanotum ferruginous with ochraceous posterior margin, radiating dense silvery pile dorsally and ventrally. Ventral thoracic plates ferruginous except ochraceous anteromedial katepimeron 2, covered with short and long silvery pile.</p> <p>Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline, with eight and five apical cells respectively. Venation ferruginous basally becoming tawny distally in apical cells, except ochraceous arculus and tawny anal vein 2 + 3, pterostigma present. Basal cell hyaline. Basal membrane grayish. Hind wing venation ferruginous basally and tawny distally except ochraceous median and radius posterior veins, castaneous spot on base of anal vein 3, anal vein 3 short, about onefourth the length of anal vein 2 with curved terminus, spot of infuscation on distal anal vein 2. Basal half of anal cell 3 gray, anal cell 2 along anal vein 3 to curve, anal cell 3 along proximal three-fourths of anal vein 3 margined with gray.</p> <p>Legs. Ferruginous, piceous spot on lateral coxae, trochanters and femora striped with ochraceous, pretarsal claws ochraceous at base with castaneous tips, covered with short silvery pile, radiating long silvery pile from coxae, trochanters and femora, pile becoming castaneous in tibiae and tarsi. Fore femora with proximal spine longest and most upright, secondary spine only angled slightly more, about as long as tertiary spine, tertiary spine angled more than secondary spine, and shortest apical spine that is angled closest to the femoral axis. Spines castaneous with tawny base and piceous tips. Tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color. Meracanthus ferruginous at base, a transverse castaneous mark and ochraceous distally, pointed, not reaching anterior margin of medial operculum.</p> <p>Opercula. Male operculum ochraceous basally, ferruginous distally, not covering tympanal cavity or reaching anterior margin of sternite II, lateral rectangular extension at base, lateral margin smoothly curving, posterolateral corner rounded, posterior margin sinuate, medial margin rounded, reaching to middle of meracanthus, anteromedial margin smoothly curved to base, well separated from meracanthus. Operculum with short silvery pile, radiating long silvery pile from margin.</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites 1–4 ferruginous with ochraceous posterior margin, tergites 5–8 ferruginous anteriorly, transversely tawny, and ochraceous posterior margins, tergites covered with silvery pile, long pile on lateral surface of tergite 8. Timbal cover absent, timbal semi-transparent with ferruginous anterior and lateral margins, with six long ribs. Sternite I tawny, sternite II ferruginous with ochraceous anterior and posterior margins, sternite III tawny, sternites IV–VI ferruginous with ochraceous posterior margin, sternites VII–VIII ferruginous anteriorly, tawny posteriorly, male sternite VII with transverse posteriorly margin, male sternite VIII with wide notch posteriorly, sternites I–VI with short silvery and radiating long silvery pile, sternites VII–VIII with short golden and radiating long golden pile. Epipleurites similarly colored to sternites.</p> <p>Genitalia. Pygofer ferruginous with ochraceous posterior margin with short silvery pile, dorsal beak spine-like, about twice as long as castaneous anal styles, with short piceous pile. Upper pygofer lobe elongated, approximate rectangular base with finger-like extension forming an approximate right angle with base and curving toward but not reaching midline. Pygofer basal lobe very short, knob-like. Uncus lobes absent. Claspers thin laterally, curving mediad but not meeting along midline, with pointed terminus, medially forming a convex tawny plate with curved terminus, meeting along castaneous midline. Aedeagus ochraceous with elongated pseudoparameres and terminal membrane covered with dense pile.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Measurements (mm). N = one male. Length of body: 10.00; length of fore wing: 14.25; width of fore wing: 5.00; length of head: 2.05; width of head including eyes: 3.5; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 3.6; width of mesonotum: 3.4.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The only known Parnisa species to inhabit Venezuela are P. moneta, P. castanepronotum sp. nov. and P. licina sp. nov. Parnisa licina sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. moneta by the lack of piceous spots on the dorsal head, the tawny rather than ferruginous head and mesonotum, the ochraceous ventral head and thorax, the transverse piceous abdominal markings on the anterior abdominal tergites and the S-shaped upper pygofer lobes in P. moneta. Parnisa licina sp. nov. is very similar to P. castanepronotum sp. nov. but they differ in the castaneous head and thorax, tawny anterior abdominal tergites, the curved medial opercular margin in the male, and the upper pygofer lobes form an obtuse angle near the terminus in P. castanepronotum sp. nov.</p> <p>Parnisa licina sp. nov. can be separated from P. demittens and P. proponens by the larger body size of these species (body lengths greater than 15 mm). Parnisa lineaviridia has more extensive thoracic markings, slightly longer body (male 11.1–12.5 mm, female 14.4 mm), and shorter (male 11.6–13.6 mm, female 14.0 mm) and narrower (male 4.5–5.3 mm, female 4.9 mm) fore wings. The body markings and general body coloration differentiate the species from the unicolorous green P. viridis. Parnisa designata is castaneous with a red venter and P. haemorrhagica is green with an reddish-orange abdominal venter. Parnisa angularis has a ridged abdomen and brown-banded tergites, and P. protracta has a red abdomen. Parnisa fraudulenta has longitudinal markings on the dorsolateral abdomen on either side of the midline that extend to the posterior abdomen. Finally, P. santacruzensis can be distinguished by males that have a unicolorous pronotum and inflated upper pygofer lobes that extend as finger-like projections that curve mediad and meet on the midline and females have longitudinal markings on the mesothorax and abdomen.</p> <p>Distribution. The species is known only from the holotype collected in the state of Bolívar, Venezuela. The type locality is close to the border of Brazil and the species is expected to be collected in that country with further collection efforts.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D15F2E42FF0FEEC4FF513BF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1402E42FF0FED50FE92312A.text	AB538783D1402E42FF0FED50FE92312A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taphura Stal 1862	<div><p>Genus Taphura Stål, 1862</p> <p>Cicada (Taphura) Stål 1862: 20.</p> <p>Type species. Cicada misella Stål 1854: 243 (Brazil, Minas Gerais).</p> <p>Remarks. A number of new species were added to the genus and range extensions for multiple species distributions were included in a recent generic revision (Sanborn 2017a). Species of Taphura are characterized by their relatively small size (body length 6–18 mm) and the elaborate male genitalia displayed by most species. The genitalic differences permit species to be diagnosed easily.</p> <p>Distribution. The genus ranges over much of South America including references to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad &amp; Tobago, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963b; Duffels &amp; van der Laan 1985; Dorval et al. 2011; Sanborn 2011a; 2013; 2016a; 2017a; 2018; 2019a; 2020; Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1402E42FF0FED50FE92312A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1402E42FF0FEE2CFC973F16.text	AB538783D1402E42FF0FEE2CFC973F16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taphurina Distant 1905	<div><p>Subtribe Taphurina Distant, 1905</p> <p>Type genus. Cicada (Taphura) Stål 1862: 20.</p> <p>Remarks. After the reassignment of the genera previously assigned to the Tryellina Moulds, 2005 into the Lamotialnini Boulard, 1976, only two subtribes remain within the Taphurini (Marshall et al. 2018). Anopercalnina Boulard, 2008 contains a single genus whose males lack opercula and is restricted to Madagascar (Boulard 2008) and can quickly be distinguished from the species of the Taphurina. Eight Neotropical genera within the Taphurina are monospecific with only Taphura contains multiple species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1402E42FF0FEE2CFC973F16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1402E42FF0FE830FF7C3DD2.text	AB538783D1402E42FF0FE830FF7C3DD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taphurini Distant 1905	<div><p>Tribe Taphurini Distant, 1905</p> <p>Taphuraria Distant 1905c: 25.</p> <p>Type genus. Cicada (Taphura) Stål 1862: 20.</p> <p>Remarks. Members of the Taphurini possess a head that is wider than the maximum width of the pronotum, a subquadrate pronotum that is not distinctly narrowed anteriorly, pronotal lateral margins that are not developed or dilated, male opercula that are small, narrow, curve towards the abdominal midline but remain widely separated and do not cover the tympanal cavity, an abdomen that is about as long as the distance between the apex of the postclypeus and the posterior of the cruciform elevation, timbals that do not extend below wing bases, the uncus is absent but the anal tube may possess lateral lobes, upper pygofer lobe that are small and unsclerotized, and basal lobes of the pygofer that are large and ornamented, especially in Taphura (Moulds 2005; Sanborn 2017a; Marshall et al. 2018). Historically the Taphurini has been a repository for small species with uncertain classification, a point illustrated by the fact that genera previously assigned to the Taphurini were recently distributed to seven tribes in four subfamilies (Marshall et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1402E42FF0FE830FF7C3DD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1432E41FF0FEEE3FD603EC6.text	AB538783D1432E41FF0FEEE3FD603EC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carineta Amyot & Audinet-Serville 1843	<div><p>Genus Carineta Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville, 1843</p> <p>Carineta Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville 1843: 482.</p> <p>Type species. Cicada formosa Germar 1830: 45. (Brazil)</p> <p>Remarks. Distant (1906) described the distinguishing features of the genus as a head that is narrower than the mesonotum, a frons that is as long as or slightly longer than the vertex, a pronotum that is considerably shorter than the mesonotum, and the fore wing width that is about one-third the fore wing length. The genus is in need of a comprehensive review as it is very diverse and a large number of species continue to be added (e.g. Sanborn 2019a; 2019b).</p> <p>Distribution. The genus is the most speciose of the New World (Sanborn 2017b, 2019a; 2019b; 2020) with species being reported across the Neotropical region. Individual references to species in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, and the West Indies have been published (Metcalf 1963b; Duffels &amp; van der Laan 1985; Dorval et al. 2011; Sanborn 2011 a, 2011b, 2013, 2014, 2017 b, 2018, 2019a; 2019b; 2020; Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014; Dias et al. 2018; Maccagnan et al. 2018).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1432E41FF0FEEE3FD603EC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1432E41FF0FEFBFFB283C86.text	AB538783D1432E41FF0FEFBFFB283C86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carinetini Distant 1905	<div><p>Tribe Carinetini Distant, 1905</p> <p>Carinetaria Distant 1905b: 483.</p> <p>Type genus. Carineta Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville 1843: 482.</p> <p>Remarks. A pronotum that is narrowed anteriorly, oblique lateral pronotal margins, a mesonotum that is longer than the pronotum, a robust body that narrows both anteriorly and posteriorly, generally hyaline wings with heavy infuscation found in a limited number of species, the presence of male claspers, and basal lobe appendages that can be elaborate in some genera are characteristics of the tribe (Distant 1905b; Marshall et al. 2018).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1432E41FF0FEFBFFB283C86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1432E41FF0FEBAFFED83D42.text	AB538783D1432E41FF0FEBAFFED83D42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taphura sauliensis Boulard 1971	<div><p>Taphura sauliensis Boulard, 1971, new record</p> <p>Taphura sauliensis Boulard 1971: 688. (Saul, center of village, French Guiana)</p> <p>Remarks. These specimens were obtained after the revision of the genus. The claspers of T. sauliensis bifurcate at their terminus and bent towards the midline and the basal pygofer lobes are rounded finger-like extensions. The only other known species of the genus to inhabit Venezuela is T. hastifera (Walker, 1858a). The transverse mark in the pronotal ambient fissure is split into three parts in T. sauliensis but is a single mark in T. hastifera and the claspers of T. hastifera are claw-like rather than bifurcating at the terminus (Sanborn 2017a).</p> <p>Distribution. The species has been recorded previously from Ecuador, French Guiana, Colombia, Peru, and Trinidad &amp; Tobago (Duffels &amp; van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013; 2017a). These specimens fill a gap in the previously known distribution of the species.</p> <p>Material examined for new record. “July 18–19, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke // 14” one male (LACM); “July 22, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke // 14” one male (LACM); “July 22, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” one female (LACM); “July 27, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” one male (LACM); “July 28, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” one female (LACM); “July 30, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” one female (LACM); “August 3, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” one female (LACM); “August 6, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” two males and three females (LACM); “August 7, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” one male and three females (LACM); “August 8, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” one male (LACM); “August 9, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” one male and one female (LACM); “August 10, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” two females (LACM); “August 11, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” one female (LACM); “August 12, 1958, 140 kms / NE Barrancas. Cano / Mariusa, Orinoco Delta / Ven., Arnold Menke” one male and three females (LACM).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1432E41FF0FEBAFFED83D42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1422E45FF0FEBACFEEA3AAA.text	AB538783D1422E45FF0FEBACFEEA3AAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carineta maracayensis SANBORN 2020	<div><p>Carineta maracayensis sp. nov. (Fig. 6)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAE1013A-05A7-4CD2-94C6-EF17AC20C944</p> <p>Type material: Holotype. “ VENEZUELA, Aragua: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.36&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.36/lat 10.15)">Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta</a>, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 4 NOV 1980, H &amp; M Cohen ” male (BNSN). Paratypes. Same data as holotype, one male (AFSC); “VENEZUELA, Aragua State: Henri / Pittier Park, Rancho Grande Bio / Res Sta nr Maracay, alt 3508 / ft. 10.15N x 67.36W / 9 JUL 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” one male (BSNS); “11 Jul 1980” two males (BNSN); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 12 JUL 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” one female (BSNS); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 13 JUL 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” one male and one female (BSNS); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 20 JUL 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” three males and one female (BSNS); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 21 JUL 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” one male (BSNS); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Henri Pittier / Park, Rancho Grande Reserve Biol. / Station, near Maracay, 3508 ft. / 10.15N x 67.36W, 24 Jul 1980 / H &amp; M Cohen” one male (BNSN); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 26 JUL 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” three males (BSNS); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 27 JUL 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” one male (BSNS); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 31 JUL 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” two males (BSNS); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 8 AUG 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” one male (BSNS); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 21 AUG 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” one male (BSNS); “ VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 26 AUG 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” one male (BSNS); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Henri Pittier / Park, Rancho Grande Reserve Biol. / Station, near Maracay, 3508 ft. / 10.15N x 67.36W, 31 AUG 1980 / H &amp; M Cohen” two males (BNSN), one female (AFSC); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 20 SEP 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” one male (BSNS); “Sept. 20, 1980” one male (AFSC); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Henri Pittier / Park, Rancho Grande Reserve Biol. / Station, near Maracay, 3508 ft. / 10.15N x 67.36W, 26 SEP 1980 / H &amp; M Cohen” one male (BNSN), one male and one female (AFSC); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Rancho Grande / Bio Res Sta, Henri Pittier Park, / nr Maracay, alt 3508’ / 10.15N x 67.36W / 30 SEP 1980, H &amp; M Cohen” one male and one female (AFSC); “VENEZUELA, Aragua: Henri Pittier / Park / Rancho Grande Bio. Reserve Station / near Maracay 3508 ft. 10.15n x 67.36w / 9 October 1977 H &amp; M Cohen” one male (BNSN); “VENEZUELA: Maracay / Rancho Grande. 7.95ºN / 68.38ºW. 26–28 Nov. / 1974.ultraviolet light / L.R. Gillogly // LACM ENT 403476” one male (LACM).</p> <p>Etymology. The name is a combination of maracay – and – ensis (L. suffix denoting place, locality) in reference to the type locality of the species.</p> <p>Remarks. This is a monochromatic species of Carineta that is very similar in general appearance but differs in the size and basal pygofer lobe appendage from a number of species of Carineta including C. acommosis Sanborn, 2020, C. apicalis Distant, 1883a, C. modesta Sanborn 2011a, C. naponore Boulard, 1986, C. spoliata Walker, 1858a, and C. tingomariaensis Sanborn, 2020.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Ground color of head and thorax testaceous, probably green in fresh specimens as color fades to a similar color in older specimens of other Carineta species, with a castaneous abdomen.</p> <p>Head. Head not as wide as mesonotum, ground color without markings. Ocelli rosaceous, faded to ochraceous in holotype and one paratype. Eyes castaneous. Head covered with short silvery pile, longer posterior to eye, dense, long, piceous pile radiating from dorsal head. Ventral head ground color with short silvery pile and dense, long white pile. Postclypeus ground color, centrally sulcate from anterior to posteroventral margin to around apex, with eleven transverse ridges, short silvery pile on lateral margin, long piceous pile radiating from dorsal and ventral surfaces, denser on dorsal surface. Anteclypeus ground color with short silvery pile, radiating dense, long white pile. Mentum ground color, labium ground color with lateral fascia that is castaneous at base becoming piceous distally with castaneous tip, reaching to anterior of hind coxae. Antennal segments castaneous except ground color proximal scape, distal scape, and proximal pedicel.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsal thorax ground color with radiating long piceous pile, some paratypes with castaneous parapsidal suture. Mesonotum covered with long silvery pile on lateral and posterior mesothorax, within and radiating from wing groove, and on posterior metanotum. Ventral thoracic segments ground color covered with short silvery and dense, long white pile. A few long piceous pile on anepisternum 2.</p> <p>Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline, distal half of apical cells lightly bronzed. Venation ground color becoming darker distally. Basal cell hyaline, pterostigma present, longitudinal lines of infuscation in distal apical cells, and on marginal area of fore wings, basal membrane of fore wing grayish. Hind wing venation ground color becoming darker distally, castaneous spot on base of anal veins 2 and 3, anal vein 3 about half as long as anal vein 2 with curved distal terminus. Anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3, anal cell 1 along anal vein 2 grayish.</p> <p>Legs. Legs ground color except castaneous distal tibiae, proximal and distal tarsi, and proximal pretarsal claws, pretarsal claws with piceous tips. Fore femora proximal spine largest, acutely angled to greatest degree, secondary spine almost perpendicular to femoral axis, intermediate in length, tertiary spine angled more than secondary spine with slightly curved tip, all spines ground color with castaneous tips. Tibial spurs and tibial combs castaneous. Legs with long white pile on coxae, radiating long silvery pile on remaining segments. Meracanthus broadly triangular, ground color, reaching middle of medial opercular extension, female meracanthus of similar shape, extending beyond posteromedial opercular margin but not as long as lateral operculum.</p> <p>Opercula. Male operculum ground color covered with long golden pile, long silvery pile at base, lateral margin straight, parallel to long body axis, rounded posterolateral margin and sinusoidal posterior margin, base roughly rectangular with finger-like extension angled posteromedially from posteromedial region, rounded medial margin, not meeting medially, reaching to middle of coxae, not covering tympanal cavity completely, reaching posteriorly to middle of lateral sternite II, right angled laterally with sinuous posterior margin when viewed from the posterior. Female operculum of similar shape and color to male except medial extension much smaller reaching only to middle of meracanthus, operculum reaching to posterior of sternite II.</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites castaneous, tergites covered with golden pile, denser long silvery pile on lateral tergites 2–5, long piceous pile on dorsum of tergites 2–6, long golden pile surrounding timbal cavity and radiating from tergites, denser on lateral tergites 6–7 and all of dorsal tergite 8. Timbal exposed, white with eight long castaneous ribs. Male sternite I and II ground color with castaneous posterior, sternites III–VIII castaneous with darker posterior margins in sternites III–V in holotype, absent in paratypes, sternites with short silvery pile and radiating long golden pile, sternite VIII castaneous with short silvery pile and long castaneous pile radiating from sternites. Epipleurites colored like sternites with similar pile. Female tergites and sternites similarly colored to male, piceous pile on dorsum of tergites 2–8. Female sternite VII with deep medial notch, open V-shaped anteriorly with long parallel sides posteriorly, posterior notch extending with a lateral curve beyond arching posterolateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color with lighter ventral margin, radiating long piceous pile. Dorsal beak dark castaneous, longer than piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 curved.</p> <p>Genitalia. Male pygofer castaneous, dorsal beak darker. Dorsal beak narrow, longer than piceous anal styles. Pygofer basal lobe about half-length of pygofer, angled laterad at base, curving mediad and expanding to medially rounded apex, radiating dense, long golden pile. Upper pygofer lobes adpressed to pygofer, short, flattened, angled posteromedially. Claspers with straight lateral margin and short, knob-like, rounded medioposterior terminus. Basal lobe appendage flattened, curving and narrowing posteriorly, not crossing midline, termini curved laterad, forming a sharp point. Aedeagus tubular, castaneous.</p> <p>Female gonocoxite IX darkened ground color. Gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath extends beyond dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath.</p> <p>Measurements (mm). N = ten males or six females, mean (range). Length of body: males 20.53 (19.40–21.65), females 20.63 (18.50–21.85); length of fore wing: males 27.94 (26.95–28.85), females 28.44 (27.30–29.65); width of fore wing: males 9.35 (8.70–10.10), females 9.59 (9.00–10.00); length of head: males 3.66 (3.45–3.85), females 3.71 (3.60–3.75); width of head including eyes: males 6.46 (6.20–6.65), females 6.52 (6.35–6.70); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: males 8.50 (8.35–8.70), females 8.44 (8.00–8.80); width of mesonotum: males 7.28 (7.00–7.65), females 7.29 (7.10–7.50).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carineta maracayensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of Carineta by having in combination the lack of thoracic markings, linear infuscation in the fore wing apical cells, long, radiating piceous pile and basal pygofer lobe appendage terminating in a single point. The lack of thoracic markings and the lack of infuscation on the fore wing crossveins, along the ambient vein of the wings or at the base of the wings, and the unique shape of the basal pygofer lobe extension.</p> <p>The most similar species to C. maracayensis sp. nov. is C. tingomariaensis. The new species can be distinguished from C. tingomariaensis by the sinusoidal posterior opercular margin with the finger-like extension a straight continuation of the posterior opercular margin, the eight timbal ribs, and the basal pygofer lobe appendage with lateral curving termini, forming a single sharp point in C. maracayensis sp. nov. rather than the curved posterior opercular margin with the finger-like extension angled posteromedially from the posterior opercular margin, the six timbal ribs, and the bifurcating termini of the basal pygofer lobe extensions in C. tingomariaensis.</p> <p>The unmarked Venezuelan species of Carineta include C. gemella Boulard, 1986, C. lichiana Boulard, 1986, C. socia Uhler, 1875 and C. ventrilloni Boulard, 1986. The new species can be distinguished quickly from C. gemella and C. lichiana by the contrasting abdominal coloration in those species and the basal pygofer lobe extensions that bifurcate or weave around one another respectively. The new species can be distinguished from C. socia by the larger body size and lack of bronzing in the distal fore wings of that species. The straight posterior operculum margin and the bifurcating terminus of the basal pygofer lobe appendage quickly distinguish Carineta ventrilloni from this new species.</p> <p>Of the remaining potentially similar species, C. maracayensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. acommosis, C. modesta, and C. spoliata by the narrower posterior prothorax and the parallel sides of the abdomen in these species. In addition, the frons is at an approximate right angle to the vertex in C. acommosis and C. modesta. Carineta maracayensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. apicalis and C. naponore by the abdomen tapering toward the posterior in these species and the basal lobe appendages are large flattened lobes in C. apicalis, similar but smaller lobes in C. naponore and is elongated and pointed in C. maracayensis sp. nov.</p> <p>Distribution. The species is known only from the type locality near Maracay in the coastal range of the state of Aragua, Venezuela.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1422E45FF0FEBACFEEA3AAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1472E44FF0FE884FE283107.text	AB538783D1472E44FF0FE884FE283107.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carineta seriemaculata SANBORN 2020	<div><p>Carineta seriemaculata sp. nov. (Fig. 7)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3578F221-C006-49C3-B463-9D04D269C654</p> <p>Type material: Holotype. “ Colón, Táchira / Venezuela 23-II-79 / J.M. Osario.” female (FSCA).</p> <p>Etymology. The name is a combination of serie – (L. series, row, succession, train) and – maculata (L. maculatus, spotted, dappled) in reference to the transverse row of spots on the posterior mesothoracic disk.</p> <p>Remarks. This is an intermediate sized species of Carineta with a green head and thorax and contrasting castaneous abdomen. It has minimal thoracic markings.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Ground color of head and thorax greenish tawny, head marked with castaneous and piceous, thorax marked with piceous, abdomen castaneous. Head and thorax are probably green in fresh specimens.</p> <p>Head. Head not as wide as mesonotum, ground color with castaneous frons, anteromedial vertex, surrounding medial and posterior lateral ocelli and medial to eye anterior to medial angle, piceous on anterior ocelli and lateral margin of lateral ocelli, margining eye and posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous (medial) or ochraceous (lateral). Eyes ochraceous. Head covered with short silvery pile, longer and denser posterior to eye, long, piceous pile radiating from dorsal head. Ventral head ground color with short silvery pile and dense, long white pile. Postclypeus ground color with transverse castaneous mark on midline of posterior margin, centrally sulcate from anterior to posteroventral margin to around apex to anterior dorsum, with twelve transverse ridges, dense, short silvery pile on lateral margin, long piceous pile radiating from dorsal and ventral surfaces except on midline. Anteclypeus ground color with short, longitudinal castaneous fascia on either side of midline in middle of carina, covered with short silvery pile, radiating dense, long white pile and piceous pile. Mentum ground color with castaneous midline, labium ground color with castaneous midline and lateral fascia that is castaneous at base becoming piceous distally with castaneous tip, reaching to middle of hind trochanters. Antennal segments castaneous except ground color distal scape, proximal pedicel and distal pedicel.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsal thorax ground color covered with short silvery pile and radiating long piceous pile. Prothorax with transverse piceous spot in ambient fissure midline, castaneous fascia extending anteriorly on midline from piceous mark to level of posterior paramedian fissures. Mesonotum with piceous marks margined with castaneous surrounding submedian sigillae, at posterior angle of lateral sigillae, in scutal depressions, what appears to be area anterior to anterior arms of cruciform elevation which is concealed by dense silvery pile and anterior margin of anterior arms of cruciform elevation, the marks in the lateral sigillae and scutal depressions form a transverse series of spots for which the species is named. Metanotum castaneous with piceous mark on anterolateral corner and ground color posterior margin. Longer silvery pile on lateral and posterior mesothorax, within and radiating from wing groove, and on posterior metanotum. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous basisternum 2 and basisternum 3, castaneous lateral anepimeron 2, medial epimeron 2, and trochantin 3, covered with short silvery and dense, long white pile. Sparse long piceous pile on anepisternum 2.</p> <p>Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline. Venation ground color becoming darker distally except piceous anal vein 2+3 and piceous spot on base. Basal cell hyaline, pterostigma present, longitudinal lines of infuscation in distal apical cells, and on marginal area of fore wings, basal membrane of fore wing grayish. Hind wing venation ground color becoming darker distally, castaneous spot on base of anal veins 2 and 3, anal vein 3 short, about one quarter as long as anal vein 2. Anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3, anal cell 1 along anal vein 2 grayish.</p> <p>Legs. Legs ground color with castaneous lateral coxae, striped femora, distal tibiae, fore leg and middle leg tarsi, and proximal pretarsal claws, pretarsal claws with piceous tips. Fore femora proximal spine largest, acutely angled to greatest degree, secondary spine almost angled, intermediate in length, tertiary spine parallel to secondary spine with slightly curved tip, all spines castaneous with piceous tips, piceous fascia connecting bases of femoral spines. Tibial spurs and tibial combs castaneous. Legs with dense shorts silvery pile on coxae, radiating long silvery pile on remaining segments. Female meracanthus broadly triangular, ground color, extending beyond posteromedial opercular margin, about as long as lateral operculum.</p> <p>Opercula. Female operculum ground color with piceous spot on medial base and castaneous spot on lateral base, covered with dense, short silvery pile, radiating long silvery pile, lateral margin with rectangular lateral extension, rounded posterolateral margin and sinusoidal posterior margin forming finger-like extension posteromedially, opercula not meeting medially, reaching to middle of meracanthus medially not reaching to posterior of sternite II laterally.</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites castaneous with darker posterior margins, tergites covered with golden pile, short silvery pile on midline of tergites 2–3, denser long silvery pile on lateral tergites 2–3, long golden pile on lateral tergites 7–8. Sternites and epipleurites castaneous, covered with silvery pile. Female sternite VII with deep medial notch, open V-shaped, posterior notch extending to a point beyond arching posterolateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 castaneous with piceous fascia an anterior dorsolateral surface, covered with short, golden pile, radiating long golden pile. Dorsal beak castaneous, longer than piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 curved.</p> <p>Genitalia. Female gonocoxite IX castaneous. Gonapophyses IX and X dark castaneous. Ovipositor sheath extends beyond dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Measurements (mm). N = one female. Length of body: 21.45; length of fore wing: 25.35; width of fore wing: 8.20; length of head: 3.40; width of head including eyes: 6.40; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 8.00; width of mesonotum: 6.60.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carineta seriemaculata sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other known species of Carineta by having in combination hyaline wings lacking infuscation or spots on the apex, wing bases or crossveins, a lack of markings in the pronotal fissures or a large transverse mark in the pronotal ambient fissure, having a monochromatic pronotal collar, having mesothoracic markings that encircle the submedian sigillae and spots on the posterior mesothoracic disk, having a monochromatic and contrasting abdomen, and linear infuscation in the fore wing apical cells.</p> <p>This new species can be distinguished quickly from the Venezuelan C. maracayensis sp. nov., C. spoliata, C. socia and C. ventrilloni by the contrasting abdomen and mesothoracic markings. The presence of mesothoracic markings also distinguish this new species from both C. gemella and C. lichiana, which also have contrasting abdominal coloration. It can be distinguished from C. viridicollis (Germar, 1830) by the markings in the pronotal fissures, only the scutal depressions are marked on the mesothorax and this species lacks the contrasting abdominal coloration pattern seen in the new species. Carineta matura Distant, 1892 can be distinguished by the bent costal margin and piceous marks encircling both the submedian and lateral sigillae. Carineta producta Walker, 1858c has a body length greater than 30 mm with piceous pronotal markings and spots in the wings so it can be distinguished quickly even though it has a similar pattern of mesothoracic markings. Spots in the wings quickly distinguish C. basalis Walker, 1850, C. fimbriata Distant, 1891, C. maculosa Torres, 1948, C. pilifera Walker, 1858b, and C. pilosa Walker, 1850. The most similar species in Venezuela is C. crocea Distant, 1883b but it can be distinguished by its slightly smaller size (body length 19 mm), the longitudinal castaneous mark on the pronotum, the piceous spots in the anterior lateral sigillae, the single spot between the anterior arms of the cruciform elevation, and the darker ventral abdomen.</p> <p>Distribution. The species is known only from the type locality in the state of Táchira in western Venezuela. The collection site is less than 10 km from the Colombian border so the species will probably be found in Colombia with further collection efforts.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1472E44FF0FE884FE283107	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1492E4AFF0FEC78FE2438FA.text	AB538783D1492E4AFF0FEC78FE2438FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carineta socia Uhler 1875	<div><p>Carineta socia Uhler, 1875 new record</p> <p>Carineta socia Uhler 1875: 285. (Lower Amazons, perhaps near Santarém, Pará, Brazil)</p> <p>Remarks. This species is one of a group of unmarked species of Carineta that are of similar size and general morphology. It is larger than C. maracayensis sp. nov. of the Venezuelan fauna and can be distinguished from similar species by having in combination a lack of bronzing of the distal fore wings found in the remaining species, the lack of longitudinal lines within of the fore wing apical cells, the anterior margin of the supra-antennal plates is angled in the middle rather than being smoothly curved anteriorly, the lateral angle of the pronotal collar forms an approximate right angle, the posterior opening of the timbal cavity is smoothly curved, the male opercula have a curved posterior margin, and the basal lobe appendage extends along the midline with the terminus bent at a right angle (illustrated in Boulard 1986).</p> <p>Distribution. The species has been reported previously from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana and Peru (Metcalf 1963b; Duffels &amp; van der Laan 1985; Dorval et al. 2011; Sanborn 2011a; 2013; 2019a; 2020).</p> <p>Material examined for new record. “ Rancho Grande, / 1100 ms., E. Aragua / Venezuela 10-XI-50 / F. Fernandez Yepez ” one male (FSCA).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1492E4AFF0FEC78FE2438FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1482E4AFF0FE934FC5D3DA7.text	AB538783D1482E4AFF0FE934FC5D3DA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herrera Distant 1905	<div><p>Genus Herrera Distant, 1905</p> <p>Herrera Distant 1905b: 486.</p> <p>Type species. Cicada marginella Walker 1858a: 21. (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico)</p> <p>Remarks. Distant (1905b) distinguished species of Herrera as those cicadas with a head that is about as wide as the mesonotum, a vertex that is longer than the frons, a pronotum that is about as long as the mesonotum, an abdomen that is about as long as the distance from the apex of the postclypeus to the posterior of the cruciform elevation, male with small opercula, fore femora with distinct spines, and a fore wing width that is slightly more than half the fore wing length. The ratio of fore wing width to length can be as little as one-third in some species and the opercula can cover the tympanal cavity in some species as these characters have become more variable with the addition of more species to the genus. The diversity of the genus was more than doubled recently with the addition of multiple new species and the reassignment of several other species to the genus (Sanborn 2019a; 2019b).</p> <p>Distribution. The range of the species of the genus was restricted to Central America until Sanborn &amp; Heath (2014) described new species from Argentina. The range has been expanded recently to include Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Peru (Sanborn 2019a; 2019b). Species of the genus now have been recorded from Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, and Peru (Metcalf 1963b; Sanborn 2013, 2014, 2019a; 2019b; Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014). The record here is the first reported for Venezuela and continues to fill gaps in the known distribution of the genus.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1482E4AFF0FE934FC5D3DA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
AB538783D1482E48FF0FEF81FE8A3E12.text	AB538783D1482E48FF0FEF81FE8A3E12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herrera quadroacuminata SANBORN 2020	<div><p>Herrera quadroacuminata sp. nov. (Fig. 8)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C36716CE-7311-44D8-B724-9EEB2FD00AC7</p> <p>Type material: Holotype. “ VENEZUELA: Ar. / PortachueloPass / June 16, 1967 / RW Poole, 1100m ” male (CUIC). Paratype. Same data as holotype, one male (AFSC).</p> <p>Etymology. The name is a combination of quadro – (L. quadro, quartet) and – acuminata (L., acuminatus, pointed, sharpened) in reference to the four points on the broad terminus of the basal pygofer lobe appendage in this species.</p> <p>Remarks. This is the only known Venezuelan species in the genus and can be distinguished using the generic characters described above.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Ground color greenish tawny marked with castaneous, posterior abdomen darker. Green may predominate in fresh specimens as there is some green on the lateral abdominal tergites.</p> <p>Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, ground color with small castaneous marks lateral to lateral ocelli and on anterior frons on either side of midline, marks larger in paratype with additional marks on posteromedial side of lateral ocelli, piceous posterior to eye. Ocelli red. Eyes dark castaneous. Head covered with short silvery pile, longer silvery pile posterior to eye. Ventral head ground color except for majority of lorum that is dark castaneous posteromedially. Postclypeus centrally sulcate from anterior to posteroventral margin to around apex, with eleven transverse grooves, short silvery pile on lateral margin. Anteclypeus ground color, small castaneous fascia on either side of central carina in paratype. Long silvery pile on ventral head, very thick on lorum, ventroposterior postclypeus and anteclypeus. Mentum ground color, labium ground color with castaneous lateral fascia becoming piceous distally, terminating with castaneous tip, reaching to anterior or middle of hind coxae. Proximal and distal scape and proximal pedicel ground color, remaining antennal segments castaneous.</p> <p>Thorax. Dorsal thorax ground color. Pronotum with castaneous mark in posterior paramedian fissure, within entire fissure in paratype, and in ambient fissure on midline, covered with sparse silvery pile. Pronotal collar ground color. Mesonotum ground color, castaneous marks on anterior medial and lateral sigillae, medial half of submedian sigillae and along parapsidal suture, scutal depressions, posterolateral curve, and anterior wing groove. Metanotum castaneous anterolaterally with ground color posterior. Short silvery pile on dorsum, longer silvery pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, lateral cruciform elevation and radiating from dorsoposterior metanotum, long silvery pile on posterior half of lateral mesothorax, posterior mesothorax, radiating from posterior wing groove, and on lateral metanotum. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except castaneous basisternum 2 and basisternum 3, reduced to castaneous spots in paratype, covered with long and short silvery pile.</p> <p>Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline, with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation ground color, except piceous proximal and distal anal vein 2 + 3, pterostigma present. Basal membrane grayish with darker posterior margin, light infuscation on wing margin along apical cells. Hind wing venation ground color, piceous spot on base of anal vein 2. Anal cell 3 gray, anal cell 2 along proximal anal vein 3, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 margined with gray.</p> <p>Legs. Ground color except castaneous distal fore tibiae, tarsi of fore leg, proximal and distal tarsi of middle leg, and distal pretarsi of hind legs, and tips of pretarsal claws, short silvery pile on coxae, long silvery pile radiating from legs. Fore femora with proximal spine longest and most oblique, secondary spine angled less than primary spine and of intermediate length, tertiary spine angled greater than secondary spine curving to tip, spines ground color with castaneous tips. Tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips. Meracanthus ochraceous with castaneous spot on medial base, broadly triangular, not reaching anteromedial opercular margin.</p> <p>Opercula. Male operculum large for the genus, ochraceous covered with short silvery pile and radiating longer pile, small, rectangular lateral extension near lateral base, lateral margin smoothly curved to rounded posterior margin forming a roughly semicircular posterior, rounded medial margin, not meeting medially, with concave anteromedial margin to base, covering tympanum except anteromedially, reaching to anterior margin of sternite II.</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites ground color, darker dorsally and posteriorly, castaneous spot on lateral male tergite 1, castaneous anterior dorsolateral margin expanding on lateral timbal cavity margin on tergite 2, tergites covered with silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from lateral tergites 6–8. Timbal completely exposed, timbal with 11 long ribs and ten intercalary ribs. Male sternite I castaneous with ochraceous lateral margin, sternite II dark castaneous except two short ground color segments on margin of posterior tympanal cavity, auditory capsule dark castaneous, sternites III–VIII ground color, darker medially, laterally and posteriorly, sternite VIII with transverse posterior margin, epipleurites darkened ground color, posteromedially lighter in paratype, sternites and epipleurites covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile.</p> <p>Genitalia. Male pygofer darkened ground color except ground color lateral upper pygofer lobe, covered with short and long silvery pile. Dorsal beak narrow, angled ventrally. Pygofer upper lobe small, knob-like, bent mediad at base. Pygofer basal lobe extended, adpressed to pygofer, curving mediad, dense, long golden pile radiating from distal region. Uncus absent, claspers small meeting posterior to anal styles and recurving laterally forming a V-shaped notch. Basal lobe appendage flattened, broad at base curving at right angle to produce thin extension that expands into a leaflike terminus with two large and two short extensions, large and small extensions alternate from ventral to dorsal side. Aedeagus castaneous, tubular with a flap-like terminal membrane.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Measurements (mm). N = two males, mean (range). Length of body: 16.35 (16.10–16.60); length of fore wing: 23.10 (22.80–23.40); width of fore wing: 7.70 (7.50–7.90); length of head: 2.58 (2.50–2.65); width of head including eyes: 5.80 (5.75–5.85); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 6.18 (6.15–6.20); width of mesonotum: 5.48 (5.45–5.50).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Herrera quadroacuminata sp. nov. can be distinguished from the majority of Herrera species by the opercula that cover the tympanal cavity along with the shape of the basal pygofer lobe appendage. Only H. melanomesocranon Sanborn, 2019a, H. phyllodes Sanborn, 2019a, H. cephalodigramma Sanborn, 2020, and H. polygramma Sanborn, 2020 have opercula that cover most or all of the tympanal cavity. The piceous dorsal head and the thin, tapering basal pygofer lobe appendage quickly distinguish H. melanomesocranon. Similarly, the piceous markings on the head, pronotum and mesonotum distinguish H. cephalodigramma and H. polygramma. The most similar species is H. phyllodes but it can be distinguished by the supra-antennal plate extending about half the length of the dorsal postclypeus, the lack of markings on the frons or lateral to the lateral ocelli, lack of marking in anterior mesonotal sigillae, ground color auditory capsule, and an basal pygofer lobe appendage that has two distal extensions, one that terminates in a single point and one that bifurcates to two points rather than the four points found in this new species.</p> <p>Distribution. The new species is known only from the type locality in the state of Aragua in north-central Venezuela.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB538783D1482E48FF0FEF81FE8A3E12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SANBORN, ALLEN F	SANBORN, ALLEN F (2020): Eight new species and three new records of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Venezuela. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 16 (1): 6-37, DOI: 10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.16.1.2
