identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5072942D4331C918FF18049FD57ABC1B.text	5072942D4331C918FF18049FD57ABC1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philorhizus marggii Wrase & Assmann 2008	<div><p>Philorhizus marggii Wrase et Assmann, new species</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C9BA8153-E92C-4256-9D45-F5168DE60F78</p> <p>Type material Holotype male: „ S-Greece: Peloponnese / Taygetos: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.35/lat 36.966667)">Profitis Illias</a> subalpine, 16.V.2007, N 36°58’ E 022°21’, 2000-2400m asl, 226, leg. Th. Assmann “ (cWR, later in the Zoologische Staatssammlung München). Paratypes: 2 males, same as holotype (cASSM, cST). 1 female: „ GR Pelop. /Taygetos Profitis Illias, 1200m, 23.IV.1997, W. Marggi &amp; Ch. Huber leg.“ (cMA).</p> <p>Diagnosis A micropterous species of average size for Philorhizus, with wide infuscated head, narrow pronotum, long-oval elytra yellowish with a wide dark transverse fascia at apical half and completely rounded humeri. Habitus, see Fig. 1.</p> <p>Description Body length 3.3-3.7 mm; width 1.38-1.56 mm (holotype 3.6 mm and 1.48 mm, respectively).</p> <p>Colour: Head (with exception of lighter clypeus) dark or light reddish piceous, mandibles, mouthparts, pronotum and appendages yellowish. Elytral basal half, apical margins and a large semicircular or almost square area around sutural angle testaceous, the remainder infuscated, forming a reddish piceous, wide, transverse, somewhat jagged fascia. The dark area bordering the suture extends slightly towards base of elytra.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 1) large, almost as wide as pronotum (ratio PW/HW in males: 1.03- 1.06, Ø 1.05, holotype 1.05; in female: 1.06). Eyes fairly large and flat, eye diameter about 2.3 to 3.0 times as long as rectilinearly narrowed tempora (seen in dorsal view). Antennae of medium length, slender, antennomeres 4-11 with dense and fairly fine setae except obligatory long apical setae (about as half as long as the latter).</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 1) almost square (ratio PW/PL in males: 1.21-1.27, Ø 1.23, holotype 1.27; in female: 1.36), widest at about end of anterior fourth (at insertion of lateral seta). Anterior margin moderately emarginate, anterior angles rounded, projecting slightly forward, from there slightly curved laterally till insertion of lateral seta (here somewhat angulate), from there basad almost rectangularly narrowed and weakly sinuate before posterior angles which are obtuse and angled strongly forward (at about length of antennomere 2), at insertion of seta weakly angulate. Base medially slightly emarginate, laterally to insertion of seta strongly curved (ratio PW/ PBaW in males: 1.21-1.27, Ø 1.24, holotype 1.27, in female: 1.25). Lateral furrows at anterior angles narrow, becoming explanate toward base and continuing into large basal impression. Medial longitudinal impression deep, terminated at anterior and posterior transverse impression. Anterior transverse impression distinct, posterior transverse impression shallow and connecting both basal impressions.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 1) long-oval (ratio EL/EW in males: 1.38-1.41, holotype 1.38; in female: 1.36; ratio EW/PW in males: 1.94-2.03, Ø 1.97, holotype 1.94; in female: 2.05) with completely rounded humeri, widest approximately at beginning of posterior fifth. Striae only suggested, becoming evanescent laterally. Hindwings reduced to small relicts.</p> <p>Microsculpture mesh pattern on head in males consisting of weakly engraved isodiametric meshes on disc (somewhat more marked in the female), hence surface fairly shiny, on pronotum transverse and on elytra almost isodiametric in both sexes, moderately impressed, surface somewhat shiny.</p> <p>Median lobe and internal sac structure (Fig. 2): Relatively stout, with apical lamella small, evenly narrowed and apically rounded. Internal sac (in inverted condition) with a long winding, wide band of scales and thorns, which appears in lateral view in the middle part of the median lobe, reaching the apical part, and a short band of thorns, situated ventrally before the apical part.</p> <p>Comparisons In habitus and other characteristics (shiny head with weakly developed microreticulation, slender antennae, head wide with almost rectilinearly narrowed long tempora, pronotum very narrow, with posterior angles obtuse and angled strongly forward, micropterous, elytra with completely rounded humeri) similar to Ph. alpinus (Meschnigg, 1934), described from the Aroania Mountains (Greece). The new species can be distinguished from Ph. alpinus by its piceous head, by the elytra with a distinct, wide, dark transverse fascia at apical half which extends forward along the suture, omitting a large, testaceous semicircular or square area around the sutural angle, and by somewhat shorter tempora (while Ph. alpinus is unicolorous, tempora almost as long as eye diameter). A comparison of the male genitalia cannot be given here, as the only specimen of Ph. alpinus we were able to study was a female (see Wrase 2005).</p> <p>The new species can be differentiated from the other species occurring in the Balkan Peninsula [Ph. crucifer crucifer (Lucas, 1846), Ph. lompei Wrase, 2005, Ph. melanocephalus (Dejean, 1825), Ph. notatus (Stephens, 1827), Ph. quadrisignatus (Dejean, 1825) and Ph. sigma sigma (P. Rossi, 1790)], and also from Ph. dacicus Sciaky, 1991 (Romania, Ukraine) by its characteristic colouration (see figures in Sciaky, 1991, and Wrase, 2005), the almost rectilinearly narrowed long tempora, the characteristic form of the pronotum with its obtuse posterior angles angled strongly forward (at about the length of antennomere 2), and therefore its base laterally strongly rounded toward the posterior angles, and by the different construction of its median lobe and the striking structure of its internal sac (compare figures in Sciaky, 1991, and Wrase, 2005). For better distinction we present an identification key (see below).</p> <p>Etymology It gives us great pleasure to be able to dedicate this new species to our colleague and friend Dr. Werner A. Marggi (Thun), well-known specialist in Carabidae, who collected (together with Dr. Charles Huber, Bern) the first known specimen of the new species.</p> <p>Distribution Up to now only known from the type locality in the Taygetos Massif and most likely an endemic species.</p> <p>Habitat The specimens from 2007 were collected from low down on stones in subalpine meadows at altitudes of 2000 to 2400 m (Fig. 3). The stones were well embedded in the ground and surrounded by grass, which was taller than in the meadow grazed by goats and sheep. Beetles’ activity on the plants is therefore likely to be typical for many other lebiine carabids (cf. Stork 1980). The specimen from 1997 was collected in the montane zone close to a small pond. These records indicate that the species probably occurs in the middle and higher altitudes of Mount Taygetos.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5072942D4331C918FF18049FD57ABC1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wrase, David W.;Assmann, Thorsten	Wrase, David W., Assmann, Thorsten (2008): A new species of Philorhizus Hope, 1838 from Greece (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini). ZooKeys 3 (3): 1-10, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.3.19
5072942D4336C91BFF180110D3CBBE92.text	5072942D4336C91BFF180110D3CBBE92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philorhizus Hope 1838	<div><p>Biogeographic notes on the unwinged Philorhizus species from the West Palaearctic realm</p> <p>Philorhizus marggii n. sp. belongs to a group of species of the genus Philorhizus which is characterized by microptery (or brachyptery) and by the fact of its distribution in mountainous regions. As far as is known at present, these species occur in the western part of the Palaearctic realm from the Macaronesian Islands (Canary Islands, Madeira), the Iberian, Apennine and southern Balkan Peninsulas, up to the Caucasus. The northern limit is marked by populations in the Ukraine, the southern by those in the Sierra Nevada, northern Sicily, Turkey and by the population(s) of Ph. marggii n. sp. from southern Greece (cf. Sciaky 1991; Wrase 2005). Philorhizus tinauti Anichtchenko, 2005, a sister species of Ph. mendizabali Mateu et Colas, 1954), is known from low altitudes in eastern Andalucia (Almería, Anichtchenko 2005). At least most, if not all, of these species live in southern glacial refuge areas of the western Palaearctic. Distribution pattern and low power of dispersal resulting from microptery (or brachyptery) in combination with small body size suggest that these taxa survived the glacial periods within or close to the recent/present-day distribution areas (cf. Holdhaus 1954). Moreover, we believe that these endemic Philorhizus species are relicts because in many cases not only one, but several massifs are colonized (cf. Habel and Assmann 2008). In contrast to some extreme endemics, such as numerous Trechus species or cave dwelling carabids, it is highly probable that these Philorhizus species had a wider distribution in the past. Otherwise it is difficult to explain the existence of some isolated populations of the same species such as Ph. dacicus Sciaky, 1991 known from Romania and Ukraine (Kabak 2003), Ph. brandmayri Sciaky, 1991 recorded from Sicily and the Aspromonte Mountains in Calabria and Ph. paulo Wrase, 1995 distributed in northern Spain and the Pyrenees. A new record from a locality in the East Pyrenees, about 5 kilometres southwest from Prades-de-Mollo-la-Preste, close to the Spanish border, enlarges the known distribution area of Ph. paulo to southern France (first record for France: “ France, Collado de Ares, 27.V.1978, Hozman lgt.” (Dept. Pyrénnées-Orientales); 1 male in cWR).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5072942D4336C91BFF180110D3CBBE92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wrase, David W.;Assmann, Thorsten	Wrase, David W., Assmann, Thorsten (2008): A new species of Philorhizus Hope, 1838 from Greece (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini). ZooKeys 3 (3): 1-10, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.3.19
5072942D4334C915FF1805D9D56EBA35.text	5072942D4334C915FF1805D9D56EBA35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philorhizus Hope 1838	<div><p>Key to the species of Philorhizus Hope from Greece</p> <p>1 Pronotum very narrow (ratio width/length 1.21-.36), with posterior angles obtuse and angled strongly forward (at about the length of antennomere 2), and therefore its base laterally strongly rounded toward posterior angles. Tempora long, almost as long as eye diameter, or somewhat shorter, almost rectilinearly narrowed, distinctly set off against neck (see Figs 2, 3 in Wrase, 2005). Two species from the Peloponnese (Aroania and Taygetos Mts., with strongly reduced hindwings, elytra with completely rounded humeri......... 2</p> <p>– Pronotum wider (ratio width/length &lt;1.21), with posterior angles less obtuse and only weakly angled forward, its base weakly rounded laterally toward posterior angles (see Figs 2, 15, 16, 17 in Sciaky, 1991). Tempora short, ± distinctly curved to the neck. Macropterus or micropterous species with a wider distribution....................................................................................... 3</p> <p>2. Unicolorous pale yellowish red, only dorsal side of head and an indistinct macula in posterior half of elytra rusty red. Tempora almost as long as eye diameter. Alpine regions of northern mountains in Peloponnese...................................................................................... Ph. alpinus (Meschnigg, 1934)</p> <p>– Head (more or less dark reddish) piceous, elytra with a distinct, wide, dark transverse fascia at apical half extending forward along suture, omitting a large, testaceous semicircular or square area around sutural angle, abdomen dark. Tempora somewhat shorter. Alpine regions of Taygetos Mountains in Peloponnese.................................................................. Ph. marggii nov. sp.</p> <p>3. Strongly brachypterous, elytra very short (ratio length/width 1.22-1.30), with completely rounded humeri. Elytral basal third testaceous. Small species (2.8- 3.4 mm). Southern Greek mainland (Parnassos) and northern mountains in Peloponnese............................................................ Ph. lompei Wrase, 2005</p> <p>– Macropterus or micropterous species, elytra long (ratio length/width&gt;1.40), in both cases elytral humeri distinctly developed......................................... 4</p> <p>4. Large species (3.7-4.7 mm). Macropterous, elytral humeri dark brown. From the Canaries to the Near East................ Ph. quadrisignatus (Dejean, 1825)</p> <p>– Smaller species (2.5-3.5 mm). Macropterous to micropterous, elytral humeri always light.................................................................................................5</p> <p>5. Elytra pale yellowish, as a rule with darkened suture. From western Mediterranean area to Asia Minor and Caucasus.................................................................................................................. Ph. melanocephalus (Dejean, 1825)</p> <p>– Elytra always with dark pattern: dark transverse fascia in middle or at least a wide band along parts of suture and posterior part of lateral margin........... 6</p> <p>6. Elytra on average more slender (ratio length/width 1.51-1.57, Ø 1.54), almost parallel-sided, with narrow transverse dark fascia, dark pattern more cross-like, the central square-like macula often without connection to the lateral longitudinal darkenings. Pronotum usually darkened in middle. Internal sac of median lobe of aedeagus with tubular, long-winding structure, apically darkened by longer and denser microspines. Median lobe with longer apex (see Fig. 22 in Sciaky, 1991). From western Mediterranean area, Asia Minor, Middle East to Middle Asia. On the Balkan Peninsula with ssp. crucifer................................ Ph. crucifer (Lucas, 1846)</p> <p>– Elytra on average wider (ratio length/width 1.41-1.54, Ø 1.46) and slightly widened apically, with very variable colour pattern, transverse dark fascia usually very wide, but sometimes not distinct, disappearing. Pronotum rusty red, often darkened on disc. Internal sac of median lobe of aedeagus with 2 subparallel fields of denticles. Apex of median lobe shorter and rounded (see Fig. 21 in Sciaky, 1991). Whole of Europe to Near East...................................................... Ph. notatus (Stephens, 1827)</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5072942D4334C915FF1805D9D56EBA35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wrase, David W.;Assmann, Thorsten	Wrase, David W., Assmann, Thorsten (2008): A new species of Philorhizus Hope, 1838 from Greece (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini). ZooKeys 3 (3): 1-10, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.3.19
