taxonID	type	description	language	source
039ADD0BFFA90A0EFF4AC057FB510FC5.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Philcarneum aenigma Allsopp & Hutchinson new species, here designated.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFA90A0EFF4AC057FB510FC5.taxon	description	Description of female. Body 13.0 – 14.0 mm long. Mentum not dilated and not concealing the bases of the maxillary palps, not compressed to form a thin, vertical lamina. Mandibles not visible from above beyond clypeus, not toothed, evenly rounded on outer edge. Maxillary palps elongate, longer than labial palps; galea strongly toothed, without a conical process terminating in a pencil of setae. Antennae with 9 antennomeres, apical 3 antennomeres forming a lamellate club, lamellae widest at middle, club not greatly enlarged and shorter than shaft, scape not expanded nor wedge-like, not concealing funicular antennomeres. Head and pronotum without armature or without head flattened vertically. Clypeus with anterior margin slightly concave in middle, not strongly contracted towards apex with sides concave; clypeofrontal suture straight, largely obliterated on lateral thirds, shallow groove across the middle. Anterior of pronotum with a conspicuous furrow set back from slightly raised and darker strip along the margin, glabrous. Elytral striae, including the sutural stria, indicated by indistinct lines of shallow punctures. Hind wings fully developed. Propygidium not enlarged, without stridulatory bands. Apical pygidial ridge glabrous. Postcoxal process forming a vertical columnar process. Last abdominal ventrite with semicircular excavation near the apex enclosing a somewhat membranous area. Protibiae bidentate, apical tooth broadly rounded. Metafemur and metatibia markedly broad and strongly compressed. Apical face of mesotibia setose; apex of metatibia truncate, slightly scalloped, without cilia, with 2 spurs. Metatarsomere 1 not produced apically. Claws symmetrical. Male. Unknown.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFA90A0EFF4AC057FB510FC5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Phillip Broughton Carne (1921 – 1989), the doyen of Australian dynastine studies. The name is neuter in gender.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFA90A0EFF4AC057FB510FC5.taxon	discussion	Comments. Carne (1981) documented the presence in coastal southern New South Wales of females of an undescribed dynastine with markedly broad and strongly compressed metathoracic legs and with unusual characters of the antennomeres and the structure of the clypeus and maxilla. These indicated to him that it was generically distinct from other Australian Dynastinae, and he thought that it might be an exotic species. However, we cannot match it with any described species in Endrődi (1985) or in subsequent publications. Roger-Paul Dechambre (Muséum National d’Historie Naturelle, Paris; cited in Carne 1981) considered it to represent a genus closely similar in morphology to Calicnemis Laporte, 1832, a genus that occurs on the western coasts of France, Spain and Portugal and coastal areas of the western Mediterranean (Verdugo & Drumont 2015; Ben Aba & Bouragaoui 2021). The species is known from three localities over about 70 km along the southeastern coast of New South Wales (Carne 1981). The first was collected in 1905, with subsequent collections in 1968 and 1979. Only females have been collected and in late January and March. One was noted as walking on the surface of sand dunes towards dusk. Carne (1981) suggested that the modified metathoracic legs are similar to those of Calicnemis species and species of the New Zealand genus Pericoptus Burmeister, 1847 (Ratcliffe & Orozco 2009, and references therein), both genera associated with coastal sandy tracts, and may provide leverage for emerging adults. Curiously, males have not been collected, despite the area being favoured by Canberra-based entomologists for summer and Easter holidays; presumably, they are not attracted to light and live away from forested areas that might be favoured collection localities. Placement. The Australian dynastine fauna is arranged in six tribes (Weir et al. 2019), with the majority of genera and species in the Pentodontini and fewer in the Dynastini, Oryctini, Oryctoderini, Phileurini and the introduced Cyclocephalini. Neither the Central and South American Agaocephalini nor the Madagascan Hexodontini (Endrődi 1985; Smith 2006) has been recorded; the former have horns or tubercles on the head and pronotum, whilst the latter are distinguished by their nearly circular body shape, both unlike Philcarneum. Use of the key to Australian dynastine genera of Weir et al. (2019) to place Philcarneum is difficult as that key is mainly based on males. However, some characters of the female point to a likely placement. The Australian Cyclocephalini is represented by one introduced species (Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019; Weir et al. 2019); this has mandibles extending beyond the clypeus and with the apices upturned, and the metatibiae not enlarged. The Dynastini, Oryctini and Oryctoderini can be excluded as are all much larger (> 20 mm long), the Dynastini also usually have mandibles excised at the apex and metatarsomere 1 of both sexes cylindrical, and the Oryctoderini also have the clypeus truncate and upturned or with 1 – 4 teeth. Similarly, the Phileurini can be discounted as the mentum of Philcarneum is not strongly dilated, the frons does not have tubercles or horns, the metafemora are thickened, and the transverse carinae of the meso- and metatibiae are not overly developed. There remains the Pentodontini, a group where the mentum is narrowed towards the ligula, the postcoxal process forms a vertical columnar process, and the mesothoracic and metathoracic legs have small claws; all characters found in Philcarneum. Weir et al. (2019) arranged the Australian fauna in four subtribes (Cheiroplatina, Dipelicina, Pentodontina and Pseudoryctina) that provide a convenient classification, although this has not been applied to the worldwide Pentodontini, e. g., Endrődi (1985). Philcarneum does not conform to three of these subtribes: • Pseudoryctina — the mentum is not compressed, the mandibles and labrum are not exposed beyond the clypeus, and the labrum does not have a deeply truncate face and is not at a considerable angle to the plane of the frons. • Dipelicina — the protibiae are not simply tridentate, each apical labial palpomere is not securiform, the clypeus is not truncate, and the propygidium is not enlarged. • Pentodontina — the mandibles are not toothed and are not visible beyond the clypeus, the ocular canthi are setose, the clypeus is not narrowed or truncate and the anterior margin is not bisinuate or bidentate, and the clypeofrontal ridge is not bituberculate. The Cheiroplatina are recognised (Carne 1957; Weir et al. 2019) by: mandibles evenly rounded distally, often concealed beneath the clypeus; antennae not sexually dimorphic; ocular canthi usually setose; clypeofrontal ridge transverse or posteriorly arcuate, often giving rise to a median tubercle or horn, never to paired armature; pronotum sometimes unarmed but more often with impressions or excavations; claws of male protarsi rarely asymmetrical; propygidium without a stridulatory area, apical pygidial ridge usually setose; terminal abdominal ventrite with a semicircular excavation near the apex enclosing a somewhat membranous area. Where known these characters are shared with Philcarneum. Within the Cheiroplatina, Philcarneum is distinct from other Australian genera as it has the conspicuously flattened and broadened metafemurs and metatibiae and because from: • Novapus Sharp, 1875 or Trissodon Burmeister, 1847 as the clypeus is not strongly contracted towards the apex and with the sides concave, and the mandibles are not exposed beyond or beside the clypeus. • Cheiroplatys Hope, 1837 as the pronotum does not have any indication of a horn or depression, and metatarsomere 1 is not widened, flattened and with a distinct longitudinal carina externally. • Semanopterus Hope, 1847 as there is no indication of a tubercle or low horn on the head, the clypeus does not have the anterior margin upturned, the galea are strongly toothed, the mandibles are not exposed beyond the clypeus, and there are no anterior or posterior foveae on the pronotum. • Neodasygnathus Carne, 1957 or Dasygnathus MacLeay, 1819 as the body <17 mm long, there is no tubercle or horn on the head, the base of the mentum is not hollowed or cleft, the galea are strongly toothed, and the pronotum does not have an anteromedian impression and tubercle. • Adoryphorus Blackburn, 1889, Anomalomorpha Arrow, 1908, Enracius Dechambre, 1999 or Erbmahcedius Hutchinson & Allsopp, 2021 as the elytra are not conspicuously guttered, and the galea do not have a small conical process terminating in a pencil of setae. Although resembling the western Mediterranean Calicnemis species, Philcarneum differs most significantly in having nine antennomeres rather than eight, the protibiae with rounded and not pointed teeth, the galea with strong teeth, and the combined upper clypeus and frons with coarse, concentric sculpturing. Both sexes of the two species of Calicnemis are well known and well characterised (Verdugo & Drumont 2015). Philcarneum differs from the five known species of Pericoptus in having a rounded apex of the clypeus (not truncate and with two upturned teeth), nine antennomers (not 10), the protibiae with two teeth (not three), and its smaller size (not> 16 mm long). It also differs from another ‘ mysterious’ monotypic genus Carneiola Endrődi, 1974, described from three females from ‘ Neu Seeland’ (Endrődi 1974, 1985) but not known from New Zealand (Watt 1984). That species has a triangular clypeus with the apex bidentate, 10 antennomeres and tridentate protibiae, although the head is strongly and transverse wrinkled, the mesotibiae and metatibiae are not broad and strongly compressed, and the elytra are coarsely punctate with dense rows of annulate punctures (Endrődi 1985). Philcarneum also bears resemblance to the two known species of Podalgus Burmeister, 1847, P. cuniculus Burmeister, 1847 with five subspecies occurring across north Africa to northwestern India and P. nazarovi Gusakov & Legezin 2016 from southwestern Iran (Endrődi 1985; Gusakov & Legezin 2016). It differs in having nine antennomeres (not 10), the protibia with two teeth (not three), the clypeus with the anterior margin slightly concave in the middle and not strongly contracted towards the apex (not triangular), the pronotum without strong, dense punctures, the elytral striae indicated by indistinct lines of shallow punctures (not with strong punctures as on the pronotum), and differently shaped metatibiae and metatarsi without ciliae on the truncate face (compare Gusakov & Legezin 2016, figs. 1 – 5). These similarities with Philcarneum may simply reflect their similar habitats (sandy areas).	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFAB0A08FF4AC0B7FDE30C2E.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 10; Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019 fig. 13) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 87 A 646 B- 666 F- 45 BF- 96 E 7 - C 5020 AB 9 CA 0 C	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFAB0A08FF4AC0B7FDE30C2E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀: NEW SOUTH WALES: Moruya NSW 24 Mar. 1968 K. Pullen; in ANIC. Paratypes. NEW SOUTH WALES: 1 ♀ [abdomen missing]: Mouthparts dissected out and on card | Tuross Beach, N. S. W. 10 mi. [miles] S. of Moruya 26. i. 1969. S. Misko | vidit 1978 R. - P. Dechambre | [Camera icon] ANIC Image; in ANIC. 1 ♀: N. S. Wales. Bega (Edwards) 9 - III- 1905 | gen. et sp. nov. near Calicnemis Cast. P. B. Carne det. 1980 | Calicnemis sp. nr. latreillei Cast. P. B. Carne det 1979 | NSW Agriculture ASCT 00091953; in NSWDPI.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFAB0A08FF4AC0B7FDE30C2E.taxon	description	Description of holotype female (mouthparts from paratype female) (Figs. 1 – 9). Body 13 mm long; antennae yellow-brown, labrum, clypeus and sculptured part of frons dark brown, smooth part of frons brown, clypeofrontal suture black, disc of pronotum largely brown but dark brown anterior to anterior ridge and very dark brown to black patches laterally about mid length, scutellum brown with lateral edges and apex dark brown to black, elytra brown with inner margins black, pygidium brown, venter brown except apex of last abdominal ventrite yellow-brown, legs brown except apex of protibia, metafemur and metatibia dark brown to black. Mentum with postmentum short and tapering to narrow lateral margins; prementum expanded from base to about one-third length then contracted towards ligula, maximum width 1.4 x basal width, ligula basal width 0.85 x prementum basal width, ligula margin concave forming two shallow lobes and depressed below level of remaining mentum, surface roughened and with scattered long, brown setae; labial palps with palpomere 3 swollen to about half length then contracted to narrow, rounded apex, about 2.2 x as long as maximum width. Maxilla with cardo surface punctate, each puncture with a short seta; stipes dorsally with long setae along outer edge, ventrally with a group of long setae near insertion of palps and row of setae across middle; galea with 3 strongly sclerotised teeth, dorsally with dense, fine, short setae behind teeth; lacinia simply rounded on margin with short, fine setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces; palps with 4 palpomeres, palpomere 4 longer than palpomeres 1 – 3 combined and widest before the middle, about 2 x as long as maximum width. Mandibles not visible from above beyond clypeus but visible from the side, apex forming a single tooth and heavily sclerotised, outer edge with coarse, long setae, basal inner area with dense, short ridges. Antennae with 9 antennomeres, antennomere 1 (scape) with swollen distal half that has long, spikey setae, antennomere 2 (pedicel) with a few setae shorter and thinner than on antennomere 1, antennomeres 3 – 6 glabrous, antennomere 6 very short and flattened against antennomere 7, club of 3 lamellate antennomeres, ratio of lengths of lamellae on antennomeres 7, 8 and 9 1: 0.9: 0.8, club shorter than antennomeres 2 – 6 combined, inner face of lamella of antennomere 7 with short setae, edges of lamellae of antennomeres 8 and 9 with a few short setae distally. Labrum membranous, not exposed. Clypeus with anterior face depressed about 45 ° to plane of clypeus, surface irregularly and coarsely roughened, glabrous, central third depressed to indented anterior margin, margins lateral to indentation broadly rounded, not defined by a ridge, with a few short setae below margin, posterior margin of face defined by a distinct ridge, indented posteriorly in middle; upper portion of clypeus in same plane as frons, lateral margins evenly curved, continuing curve of anterior face and defined by a low ridge, with a few short setae below lateral margin, width across posterior margin 2.1 x width across anterior margin, width across posterior margin 3 x mid length; combined upper clypeus and frons with coarse, concentric sculpturing, glabrous. Clypeofrontal suture straight, largely obliterated on lateral thirds, shallow groove across the middle. Frons without armature, posterior edge and inner to and behind eyes smooth, contrasting with concentric sculpturing on disc, width of frons across eyes 1.1 x interocular space at base of eye canthus; ocular canthi short, impacting on eye shape, most of eye below level of lateral margin of frons, canthi and lateral margin of frons with a few stout, yellow setae. Pronotum without armature, disc glabrous and smooth, maximum width 1.7 x mid length, outer lateral edge with long, brown setae, anterior of disc with a conspicuous furrow set back from slightly raised and darker strip along the margin, surface slightly roughened in front of groove, lateral margins continuing to lateral thirds on posterior margin and defined by a groove, groove largely absent across middle third of posterior margin and indicated by a few punctures, anterior margin evenly curved, posterior margin evenly curved but more so than anterior margin, lateral margins evenly curved, anterior angles with a sharp, slightly acute tooth, posterior angles rounded. Scutellum triangular with extreme apex slightly rounded, surface glabrous and smooth with slight longitudinal depression. Elytra without costae, humerus indistinct, glabrous and largely smooth, striae, including the sutural stria, indicated by indistinct lines of shallow punctures, apical angles with dense, deeper punctures, apices separated, lateral margins defined by a ridge; epipleura glabrous, uniformly wide to about level with metacoxa then tapering to apex. Wings fully developed. Propygidium roughened in apical third, glabrous. Pygidium with basal two-thirds with surface roughened and with scattered long, fine setae, apical third smooth and glabrous, lateral margins defined by a ridge except finer and further forward of the margin across apex. Ventral prothorax with transverse line of long, fine setae; postcoxal process obvious, columnar, rounded at the apex, with stout, brown setae; ventral mesothorax and metathorax with long, yellow setae. Abdominal ventrites except the first and last with transverse band of long, fine setae; ventrite 1 deeply grooved on each side for partial reception of metafemur, central ridged portion with punctures containing a minute seta; apical ventrite with semicircular sulcus with a line of setae near apex. Profemur with long, fine setae on edges and in longitudinal row on ventral middle; protibia with prominent rounded apical tooth and single lateral tooth smoothly rounded, dorsal surface sculptured and with stout, brown setae, stouter along edge between lateral and apical teeth, ventral surface pitted and with stout setae on basal third, longer and finer setae towards inner margin of basal third, spur with deep, longitudinal ventral groove, positioned on inner side of basal tarsomere, low ridge anterior to insertion of tarsi; protarsi inserted just distal to lateral tooth so that distal end of tarsomere 4 is level with apex of apical tooth, tarsomeres 2 – 4 of similar length, tarsomeres 1 and 5 longer but of similar length, all tarsomeres with a few long, setae, claws simple and symmetrical. Mesofemur broad, 2 x as long as wide, with long setae along anterior margin, longitudinal ridge towards posterior margin with long setae on inner portion becoming shorter and stouter on outer portion; mesotibia widened distally, almost triangular, 1.8 x as long as width across oblique distal margin, laterally with long, fine setae, with 2 transverse bands of stout setae and stout setae on distal margin, inner spur about 1.5 x length of outer spur and apex rounded and with deep longitudinal ventral groove, inner spur pointed with deep longitudinal ventral groove; tarsomeres 1 – 4 slightly dilated distally but dilation decreasing distally, combined length of tarsomeres 1 – 2 less than length of inner mesotibial spur, all tarsomeres with a few long setae, claws simple and symmetrical. Metafemur and metatibia remarkably broadened and strongly compressed, metafemur 1.2 x as long as greatest width, metatibia 1.5 x as long as greatest width; metafemur ventrally with scattered stout setae on outer three-quarters, longitudinal ridge with row of stout setae towards inner margin; metatibia with sculpturing similar to upper clypeus and frons, setose along margins, distally with 3 semicircular, transverse ridges and no distal cilia, spurs dilated and flattened, inner one 0.7 mm long, outer curved one 0.5 mm long; metatarsi very short, flattened, claws simple and symmetrical. Variation. Body 14.0 mm long. Male. Unknown. Diagnostic characters. Philcarneum aenigma can be recognised by the following combination of characters. Female clypeus and frons with coarse concentric sculpturing; head and pronotum unarmed; protibiae bidentate, each tooth apically rounded; metafemora and metatibiae greatly broadened and compressed with length: width ratios 1.2: 1 and 1.5: 1 respectively; metatibiae without distal cilia.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFAB0A08FF4AC0B7FDE30C2E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A noun in apposition acknowledging the ‘ mystery’ identity and occurrence of this species. With the generic name, it refers to ‘ Carne’s enigmatic dynastine’, the shorthand we used in Allsopp & Hutchinson (2019).	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFAB0A08FF4AC0B7FDE30C2E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Known only from the southern coast of New South Wales (Fig. 10); all three localities have a Köppen-Geiger climate of Cfb (oceanic or humid temperate) (Beck et al. 2018). Carne (1981) indicated that there was a label on the holotype stating “ coastal sand dunes, walking on surface towards dusk ”, but this is not now present.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFAE0A05FF4AC268FA880A79.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Constricticollis clunis Hutchinson & Allsopp new species, here designated.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFAE0A05FF4AC268FA880A79.taxon	description	Description of female. Body 15.0 mm long. Mentum not dilated and not concealing the bases of the maxillary palps, not compressed. Mandibles visible from above aside clypeus, bidentate, inner tooth narrow. Maxillary palps short, longer than labial palps; galea strongly toothed, without a conical process. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, apical 3 antennomeres forming a lamellate club, lamellae widest at midlength, club equal to length of shaft, scape not expanded or wedge-like, not concealing funicular antennomeres. Head without armature. Clypeus with anterior margin transverse, glabrous, strongly contracted towards apex with sides linear; clypeofrontal suture ridge-like, linear, angled anteriorly, depressed at midpoint. Pronotum unarmed, with medio-longitudinal concavity; highly transverse width: length 2: 1; anterior margin deeply arcuately concave; posterior margin slightly concave across midlength. Elytral punctures arranged in lines, sutural striae linear punctate. Hind wings fully developed. Propygidium not enlarged, with dispersed stridulatory ridges. Apical pygidial ridge glabrous. Postcoxal process forming a vertical columnar process. Last abdominal ventrite non-sulcate. Protibiae tridentate, apical tooth acute. Meso- and metatibiae bicarinate, their apices expanded and truncated faces with cilia. Meso- and metatarsomere 1 asymmetrical. Claws simple and symmetrical. Male. Unknown.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFAE0A05FF4AC268FA880A79.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin word “ constrictus ” meaning constricted and “ collis ” meaning neckband or collar (a term used for pronotum in coleopterology) referring to the pronotum whose both anterior and posterior margins are concave thus constricting the longitudinal length and making this species very distinct. The name is masculine in gender. Placement. Use of the key to Australian dynastine genera of Weir et al. (2019) to place Constricticollis is difficult as that key is mainly based on males. However, some characters of the female point to a probable placement. As for Philcarneum, Constricticollis cannot be placed in five of the six tribes of Australian dynastines (Cyclocephalini, Dynastini, Oryctini, Phileurini and Oryctoderini), nor in the Central and South American Agaocephalini nor the Madagascan Hexodontini. The Pentodontini have the mentum narrowed towards the ligula, the postcoxal process forming a vertical columnar process, and the mesothoracic and metathoracic legs with small claws; all characters found in Constricticollis. Of the four Australian subtribes recognised by Weir et al. (2019), Constricticollis does not conform to three of these: • Pseudoryctina — the mentum is not compressed, the mandibles and labrum are not exposed beyond the clypeus, and the labrum does not have a deeply truncated face and is not at considerable angles to the plane of the frons. • Dipelicina — the apical labial palpomere is not securiform, the clypeus is not truncate and bearing a vertical plate, and the propygidium is not enlarged. • Cheiroplatina — the mandibles are not evenly rounded distally, the ocular canthi bears only a few apical setae, the clypeofrontal ridge is not transverse or posteriorly arcuate but depressed medially and not giving rise to a median tubercle or horn, and the terminal abdominal ventrite is without a transverse sulcus. The Pentodontina are recognised (Carne 1957; Weir et al. 2019) by: the mandibles are toothed and are visible beyond the clypeus; the ocular canthi usually glabrous; the clypeus is narrowed or truncate and the anterior margin is bisinuate or bidentate; clypeofrontal ridge more-or-less transverse, usually elevated, bituburculate, rarely with median horn; pronotum usually evenly convex or with an anterior tubercle and impression, rarely with major excavation; propygidium with stridulating ridges either short and scattered or as a pair of paramedian bands, last abdominal ventrite without a transverse sulcus. The majority of these characters are shared with Constricticollis and it is best place here. Within the Pentodontina, Constricticollis is distinct from other Australian genera as it has the anterior and posterior margins of the pronotum conspicuously concave and because from: • Hyphoryctes Blackburn, 1895 as the ligula not bilobed, the clypeus does not have concave sides and the apex is not bisinuate, the clypeofrontal ridge is not posteriorly arcuate nor does it give rise to a median tubercle, and the metatibiae do not have cilia on the distal truncate surface. • Pimelopus Erichson, 1842 as clypeus does not have concave sides nor a bisinuate, truncate apex, and the clypeofrontal suture is not posteriorly angulate nor does it give rise to a swelling. • Carneodon Özdikmen, 2009 as the ligula is not apically acute, the mandibles are not tridentate, the clypeus does not have concave margins nor the apex with a pair of tubercles or marginal sinuations, and the clypeofrontal ridge is not transverse nor does it give rise to a pair of paramedian tubercles. • Metanastes Arrow, 1911 as the ligula not bilobed, the clypeus does not have concave sides nor the apex with a pair of tubercles, and the pronotum does not have acute anterolateral angles. • Neonastes Carne, 1957 as the ligula is not bilobed, the mandibles are not tridentate, the apex of the clypeus is not rounded nor weakly bisinuate, and the pronotum does not have acute anterolateral angles. • Papuana Arrow, 1911 as the head and pronotum are not armed, the concavities of the pronotum are not limited to the anterior portion nor is the floor of the concavity rugose, and the protibiae do not have secondary denticles. • Heteronychus Burmeister, 1847 (one African species established) as the mentum is not feebly notched in front, the mandibles are not trilobed on the outer edge, the head is not armed, and the protibiae do not have secondary denticles. • Temnorhynchus Hope, 1837 (one African species established) as the clypeus does not have a vertical plate, and the metatibiae are not strongly dilated. • Pentodon Hope, 1837 and Phyllognathus Eschscholtz, 1830 were recorded from Australia from single specimens (Allsopp & Hutchinson 2019), indicating that these genera have not established in Australia.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFA00A01FF4AC52BFADF09CD.taxon	description	(Figs. 10 – 20) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 9252 F 35 A-C 42 F- 4 E 0 A-B 0 B 7 - 92 B 3310 D 0 B 5 C	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFA00A01FF4AC52BFADF09CD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Weaber Plain Rd W [estern] Aust [ralia] N of Mirima Ntl. Pk. - 15.736, 128.743, S. Ong 30 Dec. [20] 20 | PMH Coll # DYN 2243; in WAM.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFA00A01FF4AC52BFADF09CD.taxon	description	Description of holotype female (left protarsomere 5, left metatarsomeres 3 – 5, right metatarsomeres 4 – 5 missing) (Figs. 11 – 20). Body 15.0 mm long, 9.75 mm wide (widest across elytra post midlength); antennae dark brown with apices and margins of clubs light brown, head dark brown, pronotum brown, elytra brown with apical half dark brown; prosternum, metaventrite and abdominal sternites brown; pygidium dark brown; femora brown with distal ends black; tibiae brown with 3 teeth, carinae and apices margined black; tarsomeres brown. Mentum with postmentum wide, prementum parallel sided at base (0.4 x length), then contracted to ligula (0.3 x width of base at insertion of labial palps), ligula divergent to arcuate convex apex (0.4 x width of base), weakly convex in lateral view; ventral surface coarsely punctate along lateral margins, which bear long, brown setae. Labial palps with 3 palpomeres, with palpomere 3 as long as palpomeres 1 and 2 combined, cylindrical, widest near base then tapering to rounded apex, about 4 x as long as maximum width. Maxilla with cardo, stipes and palpifer punctate bearing long, fine, pale setae. Galea strongly toothed and sclerotised, asymmetrical; left galea with 1 intermediate tooth and 3 apical teeth (4 - dentate); right galea with 1 intermediate tooth bearing 3 points and 3 apical teeth (6 - dentate); lacinia undeveloped and setose. Maxillary palps with 4 palpomeres, palpomere 4 length of palpomeres 2 and 3 combined, cylindrical, parallel and widest in basal half then tapering to narrow truncated apex, length: width ratio 2.6: 1, dorsally with small flat basal elliptical sensory area with micropunctures. Mandibles visible from above, apex bidentate with inner tooth narrow, external margin arcuate, outer edge with coarse setae. Antennae with 10 antennomeres; scape short, stout with apical margin bearing long, erect, brown setae; pedicel shorter than wide bearing long, erect, brown setae; antennomeres 3 – 7 shorter than wide, glabrous; club short, length 2.5 x width, length of shaft (antennomeres 1 – 7), inner face of antennomere 7 medio-longitudinally bearing dense, short setae; margins of antennomeres 8, 9 and 10 bearing sparse, erect, pale setae. Labrum sclerotised, slightly exposed in dorsal view, medially notched, mostly obscured by dense, long, yellow setae. Clypeus with narrow anterior face and broad arcuate lateral faces on same plane as clypeus, surfaces micropunctate, glabrous; anteriorly and laterally defined by distinct elevated linear ridge; disc medially and across base rugulose, laterally micropunctate bearing microsetae (30 x magnification), posterior margin gradually elevated to distinct clypeofrontal ridge that is linear, anteriorly angulate and obsolete at midpoint. Frons on same plane as clypeus, anteriorly defined by vertical elevation to clypeofrontal ridge, laterally by low elevated longitudinally linear ocular ridge making it quadrate in shape; disc with anterior half laterally coarsely rugulose bearing sparse microsetae (30 x magnification), posteriorly impunctate, glabrous. Width of frons across eyes 1.7 x interocular space at eye canthus; ocular canthi short, broad, contiguous with line of clypeolateral ridge, with ridge on lateral margin, apex broadly arcuate, disc coarsely rugulose bearing sparse microsetae (30 x magnification), apex bearing few short, yellow setae. Pronotum unarmed; highly transverse, width: length ratio 2: 1; posterior margin angularly arcuate to shallow concavity medially, posterolateral angle obsolete, arcuate, laterally evenly arcuate, widest at midlength, anteriorly broadly arcuate becoming transverse to short, very obtuse (almost linear) anterolateral angle, anterior margin deeply arcuately concave; posteriorly with ridge obsolete in medial quarter (adjacent to scutellum), lateral and anterior ridges complete, anterior with membranous margin. Surface of pronotum evenly sparsely micropunctate becoming denser along anterior margin, bearing microsetae (30 x magnification). Pronotal concavity consisting of medio-longitudinal groove becoming deeper and widest at posterior margin interrupting basal convexity, middle of disc flattened and defined by paramedial anteriorly angulate well defined shallow grooves, laterally evenly and broadly rounded to margins. Scutellum wider than long, width: length ratio 1.6: 1; triangular with apex arcuate, flat, impunctate and glabrous. Elytra short, width: length ratio 1: 1; humeral and apical umbones low, smooth and indistinct; non-costate, disc with large deep punctures arranged in lines, lateral declivity with fine punctures becoming larger and denser apically; interstice 1 micropunctate; sutural stria linear-punctate, terminating at apex of scutellum with apices non-spinose. Lateral margins of elytra defined by a ridge; epipleura glabrous, widest basally tapering to anterior margin of metacoxae then evenly narrow to apex; distal third of elytra at suture divergent; appears as deformity due to transverse crease at base of divergence. Wings fully developed. Propygidium covered by elytra with few dispersed stridulatory ridges; bearing sparse short yellow setae across base and medially. Pygidium transverse, width: length ratio 2: 1; elliptical with basal and apical margins broadly arcuate; in lateral view evenly arcuate; apical ridge widened laterally, narrow medially and glabrous; surface coarsely punctate except for small impunctate centre; bearing sparse short setae across basal half; large deep fovea in lateral angles. Mesosternum with ventral surface rugulose across anterior margin bearing sparse, short, pale setae, elsewhere impunctate and glabrous; postcoxal process obvious, columnar, apex truncate and pyriform, laterally and apically bearing long, yellow setae. Metasternum with punctures becoming larger and denser laterally bearing long, yellow setae. Abdominal ventrites 2 – 5 bearing single sparse row of long setae at midlength laterally, medially glabrous; sternites 6 and 7 bearing complete row pre-apically and apically respectively of sparse, long, yellow setae. Profemur with long, fine setae, sparser medially. Protibiae tridentate, denticles equidistant, long and acute; distinctly arched ventrally along length; dorsal surface bearing single medial row of stout, erect setae and sparser row basally along inner margin, inner margin anterior to spur bearing row of long, stout setae, elsewhere sparsely punctate and glabrous. Apical denticle pre-apically with distinct fovea; ventral surface bearing row of long setae at base of denticles, basally at inner margin and along inner margin anterior to spur. Spur inserted midlength of protibiae opposite longitudinal axis of second denticle; long, subparallel to rounded apex attaining midlength of protarsomere 2. Protarsomeres inserted at base of second denticle so that distal end of tarsomere 3 is level with apex of apical denticle, tarsomeres 1 and 5 of equal length and longest; all tarsomeres bearing few erect long pre-apical setae; claws simple and symmetrical. Mesofemur ventral surface in anterior half and along longitudinal ridge towards posterior margin bearing long, fine, erect setae, medially impunctate. Mesotibiae stout, widened distally 2.4 x as long as width across truncate distal margin, ventral surface and lateral margins smooth and glabrous, dorsal surface bearing 2 rows of long, erect, brown setae, inner margin quite linear, outer margin bicarinate restricted to outer half, ventral surface bearing stout, long, brown setae. Spurs long, parallel, with rounded apex, inner slightly curved and 0.8 x length outer spur, outer spur attaining apex tarsomere 2. Mesotarsomeres 1 – 5 combined longer than tibial length, tarsomere 1 longest with apex dilated, tarsomere 2, 3 and 5 nearly of equal length with tarsomere 4 slightly shorter; tarsomeres 1 – 4 bearing long, brown setae equal to length of tarsomere; claws simple and symmetrical. Metacoxae posterolateral angle arcuate through 90 °, surface with sparse punctures bearing long, fine setae. Metafemora broad, length: width ratio 2: 1, anterior margins arcuate, posterior margins almost straight, ventral surface with anterior margin and along longitudinal ridge towards posterior margin bearing long, fine, erect setae, medially impunctate. Metatibiae widened distally 2.0 x as long as width across truncate distal margin, ventral surface with scattered micropunctures, lateral margins bearing long, pale setae, inner margin quite linear, outer margin bicarinate with basal carina restricted to outer half and medial carina obliquely traversing tibiae bearing long, erect, brown setae. Spurs long, parallel with tapered round apices, both quite linear and inner spur 0.8 x length of outer spur; outer spur attaining apex tarsomere 3. Metatarsomeres 1 – 5 shorter than tibial length (based on metatarsomeres 1 – 3 of right leg 0.3 x length of tibiae), tarsomere 1 dilated, tarsomeres 1 and 2 bearing stout setae along length of inner margin, apical setae equal to length of tarsomere. Male. Unknown. Diagnostic characters. Constricticollis clunis can be recognised by the following characters. Female with clypeolateral margins elevated to same plane as clypeus, ocular canthus continuous with line of clypeus (marked by clypeolateral ridge), clypeolateral ridge linear and continued on outer margin of ocular canthus. Pronotum with posterior margin obsolete in medial third, surface with sparse micropunctures, with medio-longitudinal groove continuous from anterior to posterior margin; anterior and posterior margins incurved. Pygidium with apical ridge glabrous. Protibiae curved ventrally throughout length.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFA00A01FF4AC52BFADF09CD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A noun in apposition from the Latin “ clunis ” meaning buttocks, referring to the distinct pronotum that resembles two round human “ cheeks ” complete with a medial cleft. It was a name we and the collector used when referring to this unique specimen.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
039ADD0BFFA00A01FF4AC52BFADF09CD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality near Kununurra, Kimberley Region of Western Australia (Fig. 10); it has a Köppen-Geiger climate of Bsh (hot semi-arid) verging on Aw (savannah) (Beck et al. 2018). The specimen was captured at light on 30 December, nearing the middle of the “ wet season ”, in very warm, humid conditions with at least weekly rain. The locality is in grassy savanna with scattered trees at the edge of a narrow creek. The creek is very ephemeral and rocky at the bottom and in a valley between sandstone escarpments. The land where the beetle was captured is within the Wuggubun Aboriginal Community of the Gija people.	en	Allsopp, Peter G., Hutchinson, Paul M. (2023): Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera. Zootaxa 5351 (3): 322-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2
