identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038487EB9871FF0403B63EB0FA3107D4.text	038487EB9871FF0403B63EB0FA3107D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Okanagana Distant 1905	<div><p>Okanagana Distant, 1905</p><p>Fig. 1 (A. dorsal habitus, B. male genitalia, right lateral view, C. timbal, D. female genitalia, ventral view, E. female genitalia, right lateral view)</p><p>Type Species:  Cicada rimosa Say, 1830</p><p>Included Species:  annulata Davis, 1935,  arboraria Wymore, 1934,  arctostaphylae Van Duzee, 1915,  aurantiaca Davis, 1917b,  aurora Davis, 1936,  balli Davis, 1919,  bella Davis, 1919,  canescens Van Duzee, 1915,  cruentifera (Uhler, 1892),  ferrugomaculata Davis, 1936,  formosa Davis, 1926,  fratercula Davis, 1915,  fumipennis Davis, 1932,  georgi Heath &amp; Sanborn, 2007,  gibbera Davis, 1927,  hirsuta * Davis, 1915,  luteobasalis Davis, 1935,  magnifica Davis, 1919,  mariposa mariposa Davis, 1915,  mariposa oregonensis Davis, 1939,  napa Davis, 1919,  nigrodorsata Davis, 1923,  noveboracensis (Emmons, 1854),  occidentalis (Walker in Lord, 1866),  opacipennis Davis, 1927,  oregona Davis, 1916,  orithyia Bliven, 1964,  ornata Van Duzee, 1915,  rhadine Bliven, 1964,  rimosa rimosa (Say, 1830),  rimosa ohioensis Davis, 1942,  rubrobasalis Davis, 1926 stat. rev.,  salicicola Bliven, 1964,  schaefferi Davis, 1915,  sequoiae Bliven, 1964,  sperata Van Duzee, 1935,  sugdeni Davis, 1938,  synodica synodica (Say, 1825),  synodica nigra Davis, 1944,  tanneri Davis, 1935,  triangulata Davis, 1915,  tristis Van Duzee, 1915,  vandykei Van Duzee, 1915,  venusta Davis, 1935,  villosa Davis, 1941,  vocalis Bliven, 1964,  wymorei Davis, 1935,  yakimaensis Davis, 1939 .</p><p>Etymology: The name is derived from the Syilx Okanagan people(s) or the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. Feminine.</p><p>Distribution:  Okanagana are found throughout the United States and Canada with a single species,  O. aurantiaca, endemic to Baja California, México. Species diversity is highest in Southern California (Davis 1917b; Sanborn &amp; Phillips 2013).</p><p>Redescription: Males and females are similar to members of the genus  Tibicinoides . Inter-species body size is highly variable with some intra-specific variation. Head: The width of the head and eyes is usually equal to subequal the width of the apical pronotal margin. The clypeus is variably pronounced. The center of the vertex has an epicranial suture; sulcate or not, marked or not. Thorax: The pronotal margins are subquadrate to apically constricted with a longitudinal sulcus of varying depth running along the midline. There are two bilateral fissures that run inwards towards the center of the pronotum at an anterior-posterior angle. The humeral and apical angles are distinct or not. The cruciform elevation is located directly anterior to the hind margin of the mesonotum. The anterior lateral sides of the mesonotum may show vestigial stridulatory grooves. The posterior edge of the metanotum is visible. Wings: Both fore and hind wings are hyaline, and the basal membranes are variable in color but typically orange. The fore wing length is 2.5–3 times the width, with 8 apical cells. The trapezoidal-shaped radial cell reaches the costal node halfway along length of costa, and the ratio of apical cell to ulnar cell length is approximately 1:1. The hind wing has 6 apical cells with a typical branched CuA vein (Fig. 2A). The wing venation is usually dark, with species-specific exceptions. Legs: Metacoxa with a meracanthus with a distinct triangular shape, typically as long or longer than the coxa. Metatibiae with spines, all other tibiae without spines. Abdomen: Timbals completely exposed. Timbal membrane with 3–11 long ribs spaced with short ribs (e.g. Fig. 2C). In females there is no vertical gap between tergite VII and tergite VIII and epipleurite VII is usually longer in length compared to epipleurite VI (Fig. 2D–E).</p><p>Male Genitalia: Sternite VII in males is variably shaped, covering the base of sternite VIII (=valve). Sternite VIII extends parallel to the length of the body, partially housing the uncus and aedeagus. The uncus has its dorsal and lateral margins variably shaped from parallel to with a bulge. From the dorsal aspect the tip of the uncus is bulbous or not, excavated or not: a species-specific feature. The uncus never has a hooked tip (as in Figs. 1C–D, 3B) though in the lateral aspect there may be a slight point in some species.</p><p>Female Genitalia: Sternite VII is variably excavated on its posterior margin, forming a primary notch with a secondary notch in the center of the primary (Fig. 2D). Both excavations are seldom rounded in their entirety, often forming distinct angles between the primary and secondary notch. The secondary notch may be rounded or distinctly V-shaped (if clear). The sides of sternite VII form rounded apical prongs that vary in shape. Both traits are often species-specific.</p><p>Diagnosis: The visible posterior margin of the metanotum and the trapezoidal-shaped radial cell that reaches the costal node halfway along length of the costa identify the genus to  Okanagana,  Tibicinoides,  Chlorocanta gen. nov., or  Hewlettia gen. nov. . Males may be identified to genus by the uncovered timbals with more than two long ribs (e.g. Fig. 2C) and an uncus without a distinct ventroapical hook (Fig. 2B).</p><p>Most female  Okanagana can be diagnosed by the absence of a vertical gap between tergite VII and tergite VIII, which gives females a streamlined appearance in the lateral aspect (Fig. 2E) rather than the hump-backed look of female  Tibicinoides (Fig. 3E). There are some exceptions to this, which can be the result of rough handling during collecting. The diagnosis can be confirmed by looking at the relative lengths of epipleurite VI and VII and the excavation of sternite VII. In  Okanagana females epipleurite VII is distinctly longer than VI when in  Tibicinoides they are subequal in length (Fig. 2D). Sternite VII is variably excavated on its posterior margin, forming a primary notch with a secondary notch in the center of the primary (Fig. 2D). In  Okanagana the primary and secondary notches are seldom completely rounded and often form a distinct angle:  Tibicinoides females have both the primary and secondary notches rounded and never have distinct angles between the two. In  Okanagana the notch may also be V-shaped, which is never seen in  Tibicinoides . As with  Tibicinoides, the best way to identify females is by gestalt, which becomes easier with increasing familiarity.</p><p>This paper describes two additional genera:  Chlorocanta gen. nov. and  Hewlettia gen. nov. Male  Chlorocanta gen. nov. can be separated from  Okanagana by the presence of an uncus without a hook (Fig. 8B) but only two long timbal ribs on the timbal membrane (Fig. 8E). Females of this genus can be diagnosed by their green color (yellowish when faded); a feature unshared by other  Okanagana except  O. aurantiaca, which possesses a black longitudinal dorsal stripe on the abdomen. Male and female  Hewlettia gen. nov. can be distinguished entirely by the green and black patterning across the body and the presence of 5 rather than 6 apical cells on the hind wing (Fig. 9A).</p><p>*We include  hirsuta with  Okanagana based on examination of a male specimen in the UCDC collection, which lacks HU. The uncus morphology was omitted in the original species description, which was based on a single female specimen (Davis 1915).  T. catalina, which does possess a HU and for which a male type was available, was initially described as a subspecies of  hirsuta (Davis 1936), before being elevated to species level by Miller (1985).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487EB9871FF0403B63EB0FA3107D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cole, Jeffrey A.;Chatfield-Taylor, Will;Smeds, Elliott A.;Cooley, John R.;Gonzalez, Valorie A.;Wong, Caressa	Cole, Jeffrey A., Chatfield-Taylor, Will, Smeds, Elliott A., Cooley, John R., Gonzalez, Valorie A., Wong, Caressa (2023): Phylogeny of North America’s largest cicada radiation redefines Tibicinoides and Okanagana (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae). Zootaxa 5346 (5): 501-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1
038487EB9870FF0603B63A08FAE10308.text	038487EB9870FF0603B63A08FAE10308.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tibicinoides Distant 1914	<div><p>Tibicinoides Distant, 1914</p><p>Fig. 2 (A. dorsal habitus, B. male genitalia, right lateral view, C. timbal, D. female genitalia, ventral view, E. female genitalia, right lateral view)</p><p>Type species:  Tibicen cupreo-sparsa Uhler, 1889</p><p>Included species:  boweni (Chatfield-Taylor &amp; Cole, 2020) comb. n.,  catalina (Davis, 1936) comb. n.,  cupreosparsa (Uhler, 1889),  hesperia (Uhler, 1876) comb. n.,  mercedita (Davis, 1915),  minuta (Davis, 1915),  pallidula (Davis, 1917a) comb. n.,  pernix (Bliven, 1964) comb. n.,  rubrovenosa (Davis, 1915) comb. n.,  simulata (Davis, 1921) comb. n.,  striatipes (Haldeman, 1852) comb. n.,  uncinata (Van Duzee, 1915) comb. n.,  utahensis (Davis, 1919) comb. n.,  vanduzeei (Distant, 1914) comb. n.</p><p>Etymology: Unknown. Perhaps referencing gestalt similarity (g. -oides “likeness”) with  Tibicen, meaning “flute player,” a genus established early in cicada systematic history in which the type species was originally described, and in which several other early species were at one time or another classified. Perhaps also refers to similarity with the related European genus  Tibicina . Neuter.</p><p>Distribution:  Tibicinoides are found in western North America. Their range extends north to Washington state, south into southern Baja California, México, and east into Kansas following shortgrass and sage dominated prairie (Sanborn &amp; Phillips 2013).</p><p>Redescription: Body size is highly variable with both inter and intra-specific variation. Head: The width of the head and eyes is equal to subequal that of the apical pronotal margin. The clypeus is variably pronounced. The center of the vertex has a deeply sulcate epicranial suture. Thorax: The pronotal margins are subquadrate to apically constricted with a longitudinal sulcus of varying depth running down the center. Two bilateral fissures run inwards towards the center of the pronotum at an anterior-posterior angle. The humeral and apical angles of the pronotum are distinct or not. The cruciform elevation is located directly anterior to the hind margin of the mesonotum. The anterior lateral sides of the mesonotum show vestigial stridulatory grooves in both sexes. The metanotum is clearly visible. Most species have the head, pronotum, and mesonotum variably black, brown, and yellow, but with a distinct set of four markings arranged in a trapezoid directly anterior to the cruciform elevation. Wings: Both fore and hind wings are hyaline, and the basal membranes are variable in color but typically orange. The fore wing length is 2.4–2.9 times the width, with 8 apical cells. The trapezoidal-shaped radial cell reaches the costal node situated halfway along the length of the costa. The ratio of apical cell to ulnar cell length is subequal in most species but 2: 1 in the species of  Tibicinoides prior to its revision. The hind wing has 6 apical cells with a typical branched cubitus anterior (CuA) vein (Fig. 3A). The wing venation color is variable both within and among species with the base of the wings strongly infuscated or not. Legs: Metacoxa with a meracanthus with a distinct triangular shape, typically as long or longer than the coxa. All tibiae are often heavily setose but only the metatibiae have spines. Abdomen: In males the timbals are completely exposed with the timbal membrane having two long and two short ribs (Fig. 3C). The majority of female  Tibicinoides show a distinct vertical gap between tergite VII and tergite VIII, giving them a hump-backed appearance (Fig. 3E), and epipleurite VII is usually subequal in length to epipleurite VI. Tergite VII is angled slightly inward posteriorly, particularly towards the base, causing this appearance. The abdominal sternites can be heavily setose or not, with intra-specific variation in this regard.</p><p>Male Genitalia: Sternite VII in males is variably shaped, covering base of sternite VIII. Sternite VIII extends parallel to the length of the body, partially housing the uncus and aedeagus. The uncus is generally straight in the lateral aspect and curves at the tip, forming the characteristic hook of the genus (Fig. 3B). The aedeagus is variable but is often a species-specific shape and is attached to the ventral surface of the uncus.</p><p>Female Genitalia: Sternite VII is variably excavated on its posterior margin, forming a primary notch with a secondary notch in the center of the primary (Fig. 3D). Both excavations are rounded in their entirety, forming no distinct angles between the primary and secondary notch (if clear). The sides of sternite VII form rounded apical prongs that vary in shape. Both traits are often species-specific.</p><p>Diagnosis:  Tibicinoides and  Okanagana are North American cicadas with the hind margin of the metanotum not hidden by the mesonotum, combined with a trapezoidal-shaped radial cell that reaches the costal node situated halfway along length of costa. Diagnosing  Tibicinoides from other North American cicadas is simple with males but more difficult with females. Males can be differentiated by the combination of an uncus with a distinct hook (Fig. 3B) and exposed timbals with two long and two short timbal ribs (Fig 3C).</p><p>Diagnosing females from  Okanagana by morphology alone is difficult. Phenotypically they are not sexually dimorphic from males making field identification easier if both sexes are present. The hump-backed look of female  Tibicinoides (Fig. 3E) is seen only rarely in  Okanagana, which appear much more streamlined in the lateral aspect (Fig. 2E), and this is the most useful feature for in-field diagnosis. This appearance is caused by a distinct vertical gap between tergites VII and VIII with tergite VII being angled inward towards the base. The result is that epipleurite VII is subequal in length to epipleurite VI, and angles inward at a sharper angle relative to epipleurite VI.  Okanagana lack the inward constriction of tergite VII, causing epipleurite VII to be distinctly longer than epipleurite VI, without a clear difference in angle. Rough handling of the specimen can distort this feature. The primary and secondary notches of sternite VII are both completely rounded with no distinct angles, eliminating the majority of  Okanagana which often have distinct angles in the primary notch or have the primary or secondary notches V-shaped. However, the best way to identify female  Tibicinoides is by gestalt, and it becomes easier with more experience. Many species of  Tibicinoides also have at least a single distinct feature identifying them to the genus.</p><p>This paper describes two additional genera;  Chlorocanta gen. nov. and  Hewlettia gen. nov. Males of these two genera can be diagnosed from all  Tibicinoides by a lack of a hooked uncus (Figs. 8B, 9B). Female  Chlorocanta gen. nov. can be diagnosed from  Tibicinoides by their green color (yellow when faded) and the almost triangular primary notch with slight bulging to the lateral margins and distinct secondary notch (Fig. 8D), which lacks the consistent rounding of the notch seen in  Tibicinoides .  Hewlettia gen. nov. females are distinguishable entirely by the green and black patterning across the body and the presence of 5 rather than 6 apical cells on the hind wing (Fig. 9A).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487EB9870FF0603B63A08FAE10308	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cole, Jeffrey A.;Chatfield-Taylor, Will;Smeds, Elliott A.;Cooley, John R.;Gonzalez, Valorie A.;Wong, Caressa	Cole, Jeffrey A., Chatfield-Taylor, Will, Smeds, Elliott A., Cooley, John R., Gonzalez, Valorie A., Wong, Caressa (2023): Phylogeny of North America’s largest cicada radiation redefines Tibicinoides and Okanagana (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae). Zootaxa 5346 (5): 501-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1
038487EB9872FF1803B63FECFE3C0500.text	038487EB9872FF1803B63FECFE3C0500.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlorocanta Cole & Chatfield-Taylor & Smeds & Cooley & Gonzalez & Wong 2023	<div><p>Chlorocanta Chatfield-Taylor, 2023 gen. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8 (A. dorsal habitus, B. male genitalia, right lateral view, C. male genitalia, dorsal view, D. female genitalia, ventral view, E. timbal)</p><p>Type species:  Okanagana viridis Davis, 1918, here designated</p><p>Included species:  Chlorocanta viridis (Davis, 1918) comb. n.</p><p>Type Locality:   Holotype male is from O’Reilly, Bolivar County, MS, 10-VII-1917. The holotype is in the  American Museum of Natural History (AMNH)   and the allotype is located at the Mississippi  Entomological Museum, Mississippi State  University (Sanborn &amp; Heath 2017).</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek khlōrós, meaning “pale green”, in reference to the uniform green coloration of this genus, and Latin cantus, meaning “song” or “singing”. Feminine.</p><p>Distribution:  Chlorocanta viridis is found in the southeast United States. It is confined to deciduous forests and may be associated with elm ( Ulmus; Hill &amp; Marshall 2013). It is also known to come to lights unlike related New World  Tibicininae . Its range extends east to near the Mississippi / Alabama border, west to Houston, Texas, north into the southwest corner of Tennessee, and there are several records from southeast Oklahoma.</p><p>Description: A medium-sized cicada that is most notable for the bright green coloration on the entire body of both sexes. The type species  C. viridis was recently treated in detail (under  Okanagana viridis) by Hill and Marshall (2013) and this description of  Chlorocanta was aided in part by their paper.</p><p>Head: The width of the head across the eyes extends distinctly past apical pronotal margin. The clypeus is weakly produced and rounded, lacking a strong clypeal suture. The vertex has a depression along the midline but lacks a strong epicranial suture. Thorax: The lateral pronotal margins are subquadrate with the anterior margin convexly curved and the posterior margin sinuate. The apical angles of the pronotum are pointed and the humeral angles are rounded and not strongly pronounced. The center of the pronotum is broad, without a clear longitudinal sulcus. There are two bilateral fissures on each side of the pronotum that run inwards towards the center of the pronotum at an anterior-posterior angle. The cruciform elevation is located directly anterior to the hind margin of the mesonotum. The mesonotum is unmarked. The posterior edge of the metanotum is visible. Wings: Both fore and hind wings are hyaline with green venation. The fore wing length is 2.86–2.99 times the width, with 8 apical cells. The trapezoidal-shaped radial cell reaches the costal node halfway along length of costa, and the ratio of apical cell to ulnar cell length is approximately 1:1. The hind wing has 6 apical cells with a typical branched CuA vein (Fig. 8A). Legs: Metacoxa with a meracanthus with a distinct triangular shape, equal in length to the coxa. Metatibiae with spines, all other tibiae without spines. Abdomen: In males the timbals are completely exposed with the timbal membrane having two long and two short ribs (Fig. 8C; Hill &amp; Marshall 2013) The tergites are a uniform green and the sternites are a paler yellowish-green compared to the rest of the body.</p><p>Male Genitalia: Sternite VII is twice the length of epipleurite VII and flattened at the tip. Sternite VII covers the base of sternite VIII. Sternite VIII is short, triangular, and tapering towards the tip with little curvature. The uncus is not hooked at the tip. The dorsal margin of the uncus is longer than the ventral margin, which curves up to form a distinct point as in many  Okanagana .</p><p>Female Genitalia: Sternite VII has broad, almost triangular primary notch with slight bulging to the lateral margins and, contrary to Davis (1918), has a distinct secondary notch. The sides of sternite VII form rounded apical prongs.</p><p>Diagnosis:  Chlorocanta is a North American cicada with the hind margin of the metanotum not hidden by the mesonotum, combined with a trapezoidal-shaped radial cell that reaches the costal node situated halfway along length of costa, characters that  Chlorocanta shares with  Okanagana,  Tibicinoides, and  Hewlettia gen. nov. If collection data is available,  Chlorocanta is the only cicada with the above combination of characters within its range. If sufficiently preserved, the bright green coloration is enough to differentiate this genus from both  Okanagana and  Tibicinoides, however specimens of  Chlorocanta often fade to a paler yellow which may confuse this single diagnostic feature (Hill &amp; Marshall 2013). Male  Chlorocanta possess two long timbal ribs (Fig. 8E) as in  Tibicinoides but have an uncus without a hook (Fig. 8B), the combination of which separates male  Chlorocanta from other related genera. The uncus of  Okanagana is not hooked (Fig. 2B) and all species have more than two long timbal ribs (Fig. 2C) including  O. aurantiaca, the only other green  Okanagana in North America.  Tibicinoides have two long timbal ribs (Fig. 3C) but the uncus is always hooked (Fig. 3B).  Hewlettia gen. nov. are green but have 5 apical cells in the hind wing (Fig. 9A) as opposed to 6 apical cells in  Chlorocanta (Fig. 8A), features unique in both sexes of the genus  Hewlettia gen. nov.</p><p>While the large size (up to 25 mm; Davis 1918; Hill &amp; Marshall 2013), and green (or faded yellowish color) is enough to diagnose females with reliability, the shape of sternite VII (Fig. 8D) can ensure a diagnosis. The almost triangular primary notch with slight bulging to the lateral margins and distinct secondary notch lacks the consistent rounding of the notch seen in  Tibicinoides (Fig. 3D) and there are no purely green (or yellowish)  Okanagana of that size except for  O. aurantiaca, which may be immediately diagnosed by the presence of a long, black longitudinal stripe on the abdomen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487EB9872FF1803B63FECFE3C0500	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cole, Jeffrey A.;Chatfield-Taylor, Will;Smeds, Elliott A.;Cooley, John R.;Gonzalez, Valorie A.;Wong, Caressa	Cole, Jeffrey A., Chatfield-Taylor, Will, Smeds, Elliott A., Cooley, John R., Gonzalez, Valorie A., Wong, Caressa (2023): Phylogeny of North America’s largest cicada radiation redefines Tibicinoides and Okanagana (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae). Zootaxa 5346 (5): 501-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1
038487EB986CFF1A03B639BCFBBA00BC.text	038487EB986CFF1A03B639BCFBBA00BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hewlettia Cole & Chatfield-Taylor & Smeds & Cooley & Gonzalez & Wong 2023	<div><p>Hewlettia Smeds, 2023 gen. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9 (A. dorsal habitus, B. mesonotum detailing stridulatory grooves, left dorsolateral view, C. female genitalia, ventral view, D. male genitalia, right lateral view, E. male genitalia, dorsal view, F. male genitalia, ventral view)</p><p>Type species:  Okanagana nigriviridis Davis, 1921, here designated.</p><p>Included species:  Hewlettia nigriviridis (Davis, 1921) comb. n.</p><p>Type Locality:  Holotype male and allotype female from USA, California, San Bernardino County, Upland, 1-VII-1920. Types deposited at AMNH with a  single male paratype each deposited at  Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences and the United States National Museum (Sanborn &amp; Heath 2017).</p><p>Etymology: Named in honor of Esther Parnell Hewlett (1885–1975), an amateur entomologist and entrepreneur who made her living farming and selling Lepidoptera from Southern California.Between 1918 and 1922 she collected the type series of five cicada species ( Okanagana nigriviridis, rubrobasalis,  simulata,  Clidophleps wrighti, and  Platypedia laticapitata) near her home in Upland, California (Davis 1921, 1926). Feminine.</p><p>Distribution:  Hewlettia is restricted to chamise habitat in the Peninsular, Transverse, and Southern Coast Ranges of California, as far north as San Luis Obispo County and as far south as Ensenada Municipality in Baja California, México.</p><p>Description: A medium-sized cicada with narrow wings and a dramatic green and black color pattern. Head: The width of the head and eyes is equal or slightly wider than the apical pronotal margin, and wider than the mesonotum. The clypeus is strongly produced. The center of vertex has a deeply sulcate epicranial suture. Thorax: The pronotal margins are subquadrate and wider than the mesonotum, with a sharply excavated longitudinal sulcus running along the midline. There are two bilateral fissures that run inwards towards the center of the pronotum at an anterior-posterior angle. Both the humeral and apical angles of the pronotum are rounded. The cruciform elevation is located directly anterior to the hind margin of the mesonotum. The anterior lateral sides of the mesonotum show vestigial stridulatory grooves in both sexes. The posterior edge of the metanotum is clearly visible. Wings: Both fore and hind wings are hyaline with blue iridescence, and the basal membranes are greenish white. The fore wing length is approximately 3.1 times the width, with 8 apical cells. The trapezoidal radial cell reaches the costal node halfway along length of the costa. Ulnar cells and cubital cell approximately equal in length. The apical cells are two-thirds to subequal the length of the ulnar cells. The basal cell is opaque and greenish white in color. All fore wing venation except for the costal vein is bordered with black infuscation. The hind wings have 5 apical cells resulting from an unbranched CuA vein (Fig. 9A). The postero-basal joint of the forewing has a curved swelling which contacts the stridulatory files on the mesonotum when at rest, forming a scraper. Legs: Metacoxa with the meracanthus reduced and almost lacking a triangular point, shorter than the length of the coxa. All tibiae are setose but only the metatibiae have spines. Abdomen: In males the timbals are completely exposed, with the timbal membrane having 5 long and 5 short ribs. In females, the posterior margin of epipleurite VII with sharp posterior projection that nearly covers tergite VIII. The lateral areas of the abdominal sternites, epipleurites, and tergites are covered with fine silvery hairs.</p><p>Male genitalia: Sternite VIII extends parallel to the length of the body, partially housing the uncus and aedeagus. The sides of sternite VIII have pronounced lateral angles which taper posteriorly, such that the shape when viewed from below resembles the nib of a fountain pen (Fig. 9F). The uncus has a gentle downward curve in the lateral aspect, with the dorsal and ventral surfaces subparallel (Fig. 9D). In the dorsal aspect, the tip of uncus has a shallow medial notch (Fig. 9E). The aedeagus is long and whip-like, enclosed within a tubular groove in the ventral surface of the uncus.</p><p>Female genitalia: The posterior margin of sternite VII is divided by a sharp medial notch that swells out ventrally near its base. The sides of sternite VII form lobes that are broad and flattened posteriorly (Fig. 9C).</p><p>Diagnosis:  Hewlettia can be distinguished from all other North American cicada genera by the combination of uncovered timbals, an exposed metanotum, and an unbranched CuA vein in the hind wing resulting in 5 apical cells (Fig. 9A). The former two characters are shared with  Okanagana,  Tibicinoides, and  Chlorocanta gen. nov. In addition to the hind wing venation, the following features distinguish  Hewlettia from  Okanagana,  Tibicinoides, and  Chlorocanta: the green and black coloration; head including eyes wider than the mesonotum; blue iridescence of the wings; fore wings more than 3 times as long as they are broad; and a reduced meracanthus nearly lacking a conspicuous point. Males may further be distinguished by the pen nib shape of sternite VIII (Fig. 9F), and females by the flattened bilateral lobes on the posterior margin of sternite VII (Fig. 9C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487EB986CFF1A03B639BCFBBA00BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cole, Jeffrey A.;Chatfield-Taylor, Will;Smeds, Elliott A.;Cooley, John R.;Gonzalez, Valorie A.;Wong, Caressa	Cole, Jeffrey A., Chatfield-Taylor, Will, Smeds, Elliott A., Cooley, John R., Gonzalez, Valorie A., Wong, Caressa (2023): Phylogeny of North America’s largest cicada radiation redefines Tibicinoides and Okanagana (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae). Zootaxa 5346 (5): 501-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1
038487EB986EFF1D03B63F18FD2B03CB.text	038487EB986EFF1D03B63F18FD2B03CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Okanagana noveboracensis (Emmons 1854)	<div><p>Okanagana noveboracensis (Emmons, 1854)</p><p>Cicada noveboracensis — Emmons, 1854: 152.</p><p>Tibicen rimosa — Uhler, 1892: 160 (Incorrect synonymy).</p><p>Tibicen noveboracensis — Osborn, 1895: 202 (A revision in status).</p><p>Okanagana rimosa — Distant, 1906: 126 (An incorrect synonymy).</p><p>Tibicen rimosa noveboracensis — Patch, 1906: 222 (As a subspecies of an incorrect synonymy).</p><p>Okanagana novaeboracensis — [sic], Gibson, 1911: 119 (Revised status, incorrect spelling).</p><p>Okanagana noveboracensis — Van Duzee, 1915: 38 (Current combination).</p><p>Cicada canadensis Provancher, 1889: 213 . New junior subjective synonym. *</p><p>Neotype Locality: USA, New York, Erie County, Buffalo. Deposited at the  Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Sanborn 2009).</p><p>Rationale for synonymy:  O. noveboracensis is a color pattern variant (Fig. 10) that is not genetically differentiated (Figs. 4–5, 7), not geographically localized (Fig. 11), and not bioacoustically distinct (Table 3) from  O. canadensis . Phylogenetically,  O. noveboracensis nests within  O. canadensis with no detected genetic distance (COI uncorrected genetic distance 0.00%; Supp. Table 2; Fig. 5). Type  O. noveboracensis represent a localized population in northeastern North America that is peripatric (Fig. 11) to  O. canadensis (Sanborn &amp; Phillips 2013) that have the typical color pattern (Fig. 10A). At the opposite extreme of the range in southwestern USA, a pair of specimens obtained from R.L. Sanders north of the New Mexico border share the  O. noveboracensis color pattern (Fig. 11 inset below right) but are genetically  O. canadensis (JAC unpublished data). An  O. rimosa -like species was previously mentioned from the Rocky Mountains (Kondratieff et al. 2002) that may also refer to this form of  O. canadensis given the superficial similarities between  O. rimosa and  O. noveboracensis (Sanborn 2009) . Bioacoustically, there are no known instances of peripatric species of  Okanagana that share the same calling song (Chatfield-Taylor &amp; Cole 2019; unpublished data), yet the calls of  O. canadensis and  O. noveboracensis are almost identical in syllable rate and overlap in dominant frequency (Table 3). Based on the combined evidence we make  O. canadensis a new junior subjective synonym of  O. noveboracensis .</p><p>*We are preparing an application to the ICZN, with Joel Kits at the Canadian National Insect Collection, under article 23.9.3 of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature to reverse the precedence of  O. canadensis (Provancher, 1889) over  O. noveboracensis (Emmons, 1854), and recommend maintaining the prevailing combination of  O. canadensis until the Commission has ruled.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487EB986EFF1D03B63F18FD2B03CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cole, Jeffrey A.;Chatfield-Taylor, Will;Smeds, Elliott A.;Cooley, John R.;Gonzalez, Valorie A.;Wong, Caressa	Cole, Jeffrey A., Chatfield-Taylor, Will, Smeds, Elliott A., Cooley, John R., Gonzalez, Valorie A., Wong, Caressa (2023): Phylogeny of North America’s largest cicada radiation redefines Tibicinoides and Okanagana (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae). Zootaxa 5346 (5): 501-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1
038487EB9868FF1C03B63DADFAE703E9.text	038487EB9868FF1C03B63DADFAE703E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Okanagana occidentalis (Sanborn & Phillips 2013)	<div><p>Okanagana occidentalis (Walker in Lord, 1866)</p><p>Cicada occidentalis — Walker in Lord, 1866: 339.</p><p>Tibicen occidentalis — Woodworth, 1888: 68 (Incorrect synonymy).</p><p>Okanagana occidentalis — Van Duzee, 1915: 44 (Revised status).</p><p>Okanagana lurida — Davis, 1919: 192. New junior subjective synonym</p><p>Type locality: Canada, British Columbia, Chilliwack (Sanborn &amp; Webb 2001). Lectotype deposited in the British Museum of Natural History (Sanborn &amp; Heath 2017).</p><p>Rationale for synonymy:  O. lurida from British Columbia, Canada, resolved at the crown of a paraphyletic grade of multiple samples of  O. occidentalis (Figs. 4–7) separated by negligible genetic distance (COI uncorrected distance 0.00–1.45%; Supp. Table 2). We conclude that  O. lurida is an uncommon color pattern variant of  O. occidentalis (Fig. 12). Davis (1926, 1939) remarked upon the similarity between the two species in appearance and on the geographic distribution shared with  O. occidentalis (Sanborn &amp; Phillips 2013) . Examination of numerous specimens of  O. lurida in SEMK and CAS confirm that this color pattern variant occurs among specimens of  O. occidentalis from throughout the distribution. Field observations have found  O. lurida among large numbers of  O. occidentalis (JAC, pers. obs.).  O. lurida is therefore made a junior subjective synonym of  O. occidentalis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487EB9868FF1C03B63DADFAE703E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cole, Jeffrey A.;Chatfield-Taylor, Will;Smeds, Elliott A.;Cooley, John R.;Gonzalez, Valorie A.;Wong, Caressa	Cole, Jeffrey A., Chatfield-Taylor, Will, Smeds, Elliott A., Cooley, John R., Gonzalez, Valorie A., Wong, Caressa (2023): Phylogeny of North America’s largest cicada radiation redefines Tibicinoides and Okanagana (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae). Zootaxa 5346 (5): 501-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1
038487EB9868FF1E03B63B19FEBE0050.text	038487EB9868FF1E03B63B19FEBE0050.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Okanagana rubrobasalis (Davis 1926) Davis 1926	<div><p>Okanagana rubrobasalis Davis, 1926 stat. rev.</p><p>=  Okanagana tristis rubrobasalis Davis, 1926</p><p>Okanagana tristis rubrobasalis — Davis, 1926: 184.</p><p>Okanagana rubrobasalis — Katō, 1932: 175 (Revised status to species level).</p><p>Okanagana tristis rubrobasilis — [sic], Simons, 1954: 178 (Revised status to original combination and spelling error)</p><p>Okanagana rubrobasalis stat. rev. (Revised to species level as proposed by Katō, 1932).</p><p>Type Locality:   Holotype: male from  Nellie, San Diego Co., CA, 24 June 1918 ;   Allotype from  Upland, San Bernardino Co., CA 1 July 1920  . Holotype and allotype are deposited at  American Museum of Natural History (Sanborn &amp; Heath 2017).</p><p>Rationale for status revision: Two fresh specimens were sequenced, including one from near the allotype locality of  O. tristis rubrobasalis at Upland, San Bernardino Co., California (Davis 1926; Supp. Table 1). Our results found a sister relationship for  O. tristis tristis +  O. canescens (Figs. 5–7). Unlike  O. tristis, this species exhibits a rainfall-mediated protoperiodical phenology (Chatfield-Taylor &amp; Cole 2017) and has a southern distribution that is allopatric from  O. tristis tristis . There are also measurable, consistent differences in the dominant frequency of their call (unpublished data). The clear genetic separation from  O. tristis tristis (COI uncorrected distance 5.56–5.68%; Supp. Table 2), combined with differing ecology and an allopatric distribution support revising the status of  O. tristis rubrobasalis to the level of species as  O. rubrobasalis stat. rev. as first proposed by Katō (1932).</p><p>Description:  O. rubrobasalis was originally described as a subspecies of  O. tristis (Davis 1926) . Major separating features from  O. tristis included the blood-red wing membranes in  O. rubrobasalis (Fig. 13A, B) compared to pale orange in  O. tristis, a longer, red sternite VIII (Fig. 13C, D), broader wings, and the differing geographic distribution (Davis 1926). We here add that the front is strongly pronounced as in  O. cruentifera rather than like  O. tristis . The trapezoidal pattern of markings on the mesonotum are red and much less pronounced than the orange markings in typical  O. tristis . In new specimens (which Davis seldom had) the sternites are also blood red (Figs 13B, E) rather than orange, losing this strong color gradually over time. The tergites are lined with red along their distal margins (Fig. 13A).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487EB9868FF1E03B63B19FEBE0050	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cole, Jeffrey A.;Chatfield-Taylor, Will;Smeds, Elliott A.;Cooley, John R.;Gonzalez, Valorie A.;Wong, Caressa	Cole, Jeffrey A., Chatfield-Taylor, Will, Smeds, Elliott A., Cooley, John R., Gonzalez, Valorie A., Wong, Caressa (2023): Phylogeny of North America’s largest cicada radiation redefines Tibicinoides and Okanagana (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae). Zootaxa 5346 (5): 501-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1
