taxonID	type	description	language	source
039B4C3C2E0CFF87FF42FBDDE7E3F8CB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad et al. (2021: 22). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E0CFF87FF42FBDDE7E3F8CB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: North-western Atlantic: northern Gulf of Mexico northward; North Atlantic: Greenland, Iceland; Baltic Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Black Sea [now extinct]; north-eastern Atlantic: White Sea and northern Norway south to northern Morocco. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant. — Habitat: This species is anadromous. Adult fish migrate from the ocean or lake to spawning streams. Landlocked populations in lakes may migrate up to about 50 miles upstream for spawning. Anadromous populations with access to the ocean migrate up to a couple hundred miles. Females deposit numerous small eggs in nests made by males in the gravel, sand, and rubble of streams with a moderately strong current. Larvae burrow in sand and silt bottoms in quiet water downstream from spawning areas and filter-feed on plankton and detritus. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E0CFF87FF42FBDDE7E3F8CB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: Localized threats may exist, but on a range-wide scale no major threats are known. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FE8DE00CFB97.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Pellegrin (1911: 109) as Anguilla vulgaris; confirmed by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 46); Saad et al. (2006); Barakat et al. (2020). — Syrian material: MCZ, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FE8DE00CFB97.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterraean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Western Atlantic: larvae in Sargasso Sea and Gulf Stream; eastern Atlantic, Baltic Sea, North Sea, White Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea: European seas and adjacent watersheds, spawning and larval migration routes to and from the western Atlantic. Introduced in the Caspian Sea basin. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is catadromous and found in a range of habitats, from small streams to large rivers and lakes, and in estuaries, lagoons, and coastal waters. It also occupies open ocean areas during migrations, but it is rarely observed in this habitat. Under natural conditions, it only occurs in bodies of water that are connected to the sea; it is stocked elsewhere. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FE8DE00CFB97.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, FIT, HAB, EUT, CON, COM, TOU. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FA61E278F85B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2018: 48). Previously Cobitis taenia was reported from the Orontes River by Beckman (1962: 69) and (Saad et al., 2006; 2009) most likely, these records refer to C. anabelae. — Syrian material: BMNH, ZFMK ICH, FSJF, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FA61E278F85B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor: lower reaches of the Orontes River drainage. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives in streams and lakes with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FA61E278F85B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FF74E1EDFCF7.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria by Coad (2010: 202) as Cobitis taenia (non Linnaeus, 1758) (see Freyhof et al. 2018: 16). — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FF74E1EDFCF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River. We sampled from Turkish part of the border in Karkamýþ Dam Lake. — Distribution in River Basin: 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Upper Euphrates River basin in Turkey, Iran and Syria. — 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species lives in streams and lakes with sand or fine gravel bottoms. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FF74E1EDFCF7.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: This species seems to have a very large population in Atatürk reservoir and its tributaries, and maybe reservoirs in Syria, where no threats are obvious. Elsewhere it is locally found in lowland streams and small rivers where pollution and water abstraction are a threat. The loss of stream populations is suspected to be balanced by reservoir populations. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FC84E11FFAB7.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp & Moubayed (1992: 391); subsequently reported Saad et al. (2009). — Syrian material: SMF, BMNH, MIZT.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FC84E11FFAB7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: upper Orontes River system (Syria and Turkey); Litani River drainage (Lebanon). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives in mainly streams with clear water and bottom with silty, sand or fine gravel bottom and few submerged vegetation. In moderate current. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FC84E11FFAB7.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, EUT. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF8AFF42F9F1E28CFF1B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad et al (2009). — Syria material: FSJF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF8AFF42F9F1E28CFF1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Jordan: Nahr al-Bared springs, Orontes River Basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Hulwh Lake, Jordan River basin, Israel, Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River. — Habitat: his is a lacustrine species which inhabits lake shores. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF8AFF42F9F1E28CFF1B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, EUT. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FEE0E1A1FC4F.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1847) as Cobitis argyrogramma); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 72 as Nemachilus argyrogramma). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FEE0E1A1FC4F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik River basin, Euphrates River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats with moderately fast-flowing waters, from small hill streams to the shores of large rivers. Also in stagnant water bodies of reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FEE0E1A1FC4F.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, CLI. — High sensitivity to human activities. — No keystone species. — Decline status: Significant decline, locally extinct. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FC4CE11FF9C7.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. This species has not yet been recorded from Syria; however, we observed that it is distributed along the border river between Turkey and Syria. — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FC4CE11FF9C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates River and Tigris River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species occurs in streams with moderate flow. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FC4CE11FF9C7.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, EUT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8BFF42F9D4E292FED3.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 74) as Nemachilus frenata. — Syrian material: BMNH, NRM.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8BFF42F9D4E292FED3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River system. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin and Lesser Zab drainage (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species lives moderately fast flowing to almost standing waters of springs, streams and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8BFF42F9D4E292FED3.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FEA8E11FFCF7.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp & Schneider (1991 a: 24); subsequently reported by Saad et al. (2009). — Syrian material: SMF, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FEA8E11FFCF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: sia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Syria and Turkey). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives in moderately fast-flowing streams and rivers with a mud or gravel substrate and low pollution levels. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FEA8E11FFCF7.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FC84E796F957.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1088) as Cobitis insignis; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 76) as Nemachilus insignis. — Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, NMW, SMF, FSJF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FC84E796F957.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Lake Al-ʿUtaybah drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Turkey, Syria, Israel and Jordan. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species lives in moderately fast-flowing streams and rivers with a mud or gravel substrate and low pollution levels. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FC84E796F957.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NT (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, CLI, EUT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FC84E796F957.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Oxynoemacheilus insignis had been first recorded in 1962 by Beckman, after Lake Al-Otaiba had dried up; however, the species was not found in recent surveys of Syrian inland waters. This species is probably extinct in Syria. For this reason, this situation should be revealed by detailed field studies.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8CFF42F924E292FEAB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Freyhof et al. (2017). — Syrian materials: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8CFF42F924E292FEAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: upper Tigris River basin (Turkey, Iraq, and Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: Moderately fast flowing to almost standing waters of clean springs, streams and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8CFF42F924E292FEAB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FE70E1EDFC6B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp & Schneider (1991 a: 28); subsequently reported by Saad et al. (2009). — Syrian material: CMN, SMF, FSJF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FE70E1EDFC6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Syria and Turkey). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives in moderately fast-flowing to almost standing waters of springs, reservoirs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FE70E1EDFC6B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, CLI, EUT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FC30E617F9E3.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1087, 1089) as Cobitis panthera and C. leopardus; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 77) as Nemachilus panther and by Saad et al. (2009). — Syrian material: BMNH, FMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NRM, USNM, MSL, FSJF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FC30E617F9E3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Lake Al-ʿUtaybah drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Israel, Jordan, Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species lives in the standing and slowly flowing waters of springs and streams with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FC30E617F9E3.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023). — Threats: HAB, CON, CLI, ABS, EUT. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FC30E617F9E3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Krupp & Schnider (1989) this species is a synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8DFF42F9B8E11FFF37.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Freyhof & Geiger (2021: 573). — Syrian material: ZFMK ICH.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8DFF42F9B8E11FFF37.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River system. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Western Asia: upper Orontes basin (Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives in the standing and slowly flowing waters of springs and streams with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8DFF42F9B8E11FFF37.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, EUT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FB2DE11FF92F.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Pellegrin (1911: 108) as Discognathus lamta; confirmed by Saad et al. (2009) as Garra caudomaculata. — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FB2DE11FF92F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor: Amik Lake basin (southern Turkey). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives in slowly running rivers and streams, densely vegetated springs, and wetlands. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FB2DE11FF92F.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB, EUT. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — No keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FEC4E606FC6B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Lortet (1883: 172) as Nemachilus tigris; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 77) as Nemachilus tigris. — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, NRM.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FEC4E606FC6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: upper Euphrates River basin (Syria and Turkey). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species lives in moderately fast-flowing to standing waters of streams with gravel or mud substrates. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FEC4E606FC6B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FEC4E606FC6B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Krupp & Schnider (1989) this species is a synonym of Oxynoemacheilus leontinae.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8EFF42F8EDE292FE63.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Hamidan et al. (2014: 227). — Syrian material: CMN, FSJF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8EFF42F8EDE292FE63.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Yarmuk River; Lake Muzarib. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle East: northern Dead Sea basin, Jordan and Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species lives in slowly running rivers and streams, densely vegetated springs, and wetlands. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8EFF42F8EDE292FE63.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FE39E6DFFBFB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1074) as Tylognathus nanus; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 142) as Tylognathus nanus. — Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, NMW.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FE39E6DFFBFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Lake Al-ʿUtaybah drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle East: Syria, Jordan. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species is found in a variety of habitats, such as rivers, lakes, and small ponds. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FE39E6DFFBFB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NT (Freyhof, 2018 a). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FE39E6DFFBFB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The drainage of Lake Al-Utaybah, where the species was recorded for the first time, has almost nearly dried up and is heavily polluted. Most likely extinct in Syria. Needs to be reconfirmed by field specimens.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FB81E278F99F.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Bayçelebi et al. (2021: 171). — Syrian material: FSJF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FB81E278F99F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor: Orontes River drainage, eastern Mediterranean Sea basin, Turkey and Syria (and possibly Lebanon). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives in slowly running rivers and streams, densely vegetated springs, and wetlands. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FB81E278F99F.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — No keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8FFF42F99DE292FE3B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1072, 1073) as Discognathus rufus and D. obtusus; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 126) as Garra rufus; Ali (2003); Saad et al. (2006); Barakat et al. (2020). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8FFF42F99DE292FE3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris river basins, Al Abrach, Kais and Orontes rivers. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Asia Minor: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. Usually absent from standing waters. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8FFF42F99DE292FE3B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none is serious enough to seriously impact this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FAB1E0FEF88C.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931) as Barbus canis; confirmed by Beckman (1962: 98); Krupp & Schneider (1989); Ali (2003); Taha (2005). — Syrian material: MSL	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FAB1E0FEF88C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Jordan River system. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Turkey and Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of streams, rivers and lakes including reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FAB1E0FEF88C.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NT (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1070) as Discognathus variabilis; subsequently reported by Saad et al. (2009). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, SMF, SMNS, ZMUC, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, and Iraq). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of standing and slowly flowing waters such as rivers, springs, marshes, and streams. It seems to be quite tolerant of pollution and also inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seems to be serious enough to really impact this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF90FF42F88DE0FEFDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 98) as Barbus chantrei; confirmed by Krupp (1985 b: 18); Saad et al. (2009) as Barbus chantrei. — Syrian material: BMNH, CMN, MNHN, SMNS, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF90FF42F88DE0FEFDAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River system. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Turkey and Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species inhabits lowland rivers, backwaters, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ponds, rarely in fast-flowing waters. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF90FF42F88DE0FEFDAF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NT (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FD6CE0FEFB27.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Krupp & Schneider (1991 b) as Barbus kosswigi. — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FD6CE0FEFB27.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris-Euphrates system. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris-Euphrates system (Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits lowland rivers, backwaters, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ponds, rarely in fast-flowing waters. It seems to inhabit summer-warm mountain river stretches with fast-flowing water and gravel bottoms. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FD6CE0FEFB27.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FAF4E278F813.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1063) as Systomus luteus and S. albus; subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 107); Borkenhagen et al. (2011: 328); Ali (2003) as Barbus luteus. — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FAF4E278F813.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik River; Tigris and Euphrates river basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates and adjacent basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats, from small lowland streams and springs to marshes, lakes, and reservoirs to large and brackish lowland rivers. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FAF4E278F813.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: While there are many threats in the area, none is strong enough to threaten this ubiquitous species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FF3DE196FD3F.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Taha (2005), confirmed by Barakat et al. (2020). — Syrian material: FMNH, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FF3DE196FD3F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: East Asia: China and Japan; introduced widely elsewhere; many cultivated goldfish varieties. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches with stagnant or slow-flowing water. It occurs in eutrophic fresh and brackish waters, well-vegetated ponds, and canals. Freshwater. Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FF3DE196FD3F.taxon	description	Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FCFDE196FAC3.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Barakat et al. (2020). — Syria materials: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FCFDE196FAC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Introduced to somewhere. — Distribution in River Basin: 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Eurasia: Eastern Europe, Russia to northeastern China; introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant. — Habitat: This species inhabits rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches with stagnant or slow-flowing water. It occurs in eutrophic fresh and brackish waters, well-vegetated ponds, and canals. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Locally commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FCFDE196FAC3.taxon	description	Reasons of introduction. Unknown: Inadvertently introduced by transboundary waterways for no known reason or method. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FAD9E11FF8BF.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1067); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931) as Cyprinion cypris; Beckman (1962: 120). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, RMNH.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FAD9E11FF8BF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik, Tigris and Euphrates River basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized and large rivers and streams. Known to inhabit canals but seems to be absent from reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FAD9E11FF8BF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — No keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF92FF42F87DE278FD03.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1066); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 120); Ali (2003). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, RMNH, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF92FF42F87DE278FD03.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris River systems, Kahbur River. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized and large rivers and streams. Known to inhabit canals but seems to be absent from reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF92FF42F87DE278FD03.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023) as C. macrostomum. — Threats: There are many threats in the area none strong enough to impact this species seriously. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — No keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E19FF93FF42FA0CE0C0FF1B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931) as Barbus grypus; confirmed by Beckman (1962: 100); Krupp & Schneider (1991 b: 73); Ali (2003); Saad et al. (2006) as Barbus grypus. — Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E19FF93FF42FA0CE0C0FF1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river systems and rivers (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits big rivers as well as large reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E19FF93FF42FA0CE0C0FF1B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, EUT, FIT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E19FF92FF42FD19E196FA9B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 122); confirmed record from Syria based on MNHN material, collected in 1998, Barakat et al. (2020). — Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E19FF92FF42FD19E196FA9B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes, Tigris and Euphrates River basins and translocated somewhere. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Western Europe (native to Black Sea basin, possibly also Caspian and Aral seas basins), widely introduced worldwide, also many multicolor varieties. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits warm, deep, slow-flowing, and still waters, such as lowland rivers and large, well-vegetated lakes. Introduced in all types of water bodies. Spawns along shorelines or in backwaters. Successful survival of larvae is only possible in very warm water, among shallow submerged vegetation. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E19FF92FF42FD19E196FA9B.taxon	conservation	Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture / research; Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FEE0E0C0FC6B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843: 1045, 1049) as Barbus lacerta and B. scincus; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 103, 110) as B. lacerta and B. scincus. — Syrian material: MNHN, NMW, SMF, ZMB.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FEE0E0C0FC6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits mountain and piedmont zones in streams and small rivers with fast, clear, and well-oxygenated water and gravel substrate. It is usually common in small streams and absent from large rivers. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FEE0E0C0FC6B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FC31E046F957.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description of Gobio damascinus by Valenciennes (1842: 314); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 146) as Varicorhinus damascinus and Varicorhinus syriaca by Beckman (1962: 148). — Syrian material: MCZ, MNHN, SMNS, ZMUC, SMF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FC31E046F957.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Lake Al-ʿUtaybah drainage; Euphrates River drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Levant, Mesopotamia and south-eastern Anatolia (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Israel, and Jordan). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies, at least seasonally, with gravel or running water. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FC31E046F957.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF94FF42F925E046FE47.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 149) as Varicorhinus umbla. — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF94FF42F925E046FE47.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria:? Euphrates and Tigris river basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Iran, Iraq, and Turkey). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies, at least seasonally, with gravel or running water. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF94FF42F925E046FE47.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FE54E292FBFB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1847: 256) as Barbus barbulus; subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 87); Krupp & Schneider (1991 b: 73); Ali (2003) as Barbus barbulus. — Syrian material: MCZ, MNHN, SMNS, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FE54E292FBFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik River system; Euphrates and Tigris river basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Qweik River system (Syria); Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran); Zoreh, Mond and Kol river basins (Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies, at least seasonally, with gravel or running water. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FE54E292FBFB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FB80E2E4F9BB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 100) as Barbus esocinus; confirmed by Ali (2003). — Syrian materials: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FB80E2E4F9BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species occurs in large rivers and reservoirs; from which they migrate to inflowing rivers to spawn. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FB80E2E4F9BB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: FIT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF95FF42F940E638FE47.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1847: 212); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 87); Ali (2003); Taha (2005) as Barbus kersin. — Syrian material: NMW, SMF, ZMB, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF95FF42F940E638FE47.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates; Khabur and Tigris River basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits large to medium-sized rivers, but habitats are poorly known. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF95FF42F940E638FE47.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area but it is unknown how and if the species is affected. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FE54E1EDFC23.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Barrois (1894: 308) as Barbus longiceps; confirmed by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 105); Hourani (2005); Saad et al. (2009) as Barbus longiceps. — Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FE54E1EDFC23.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Jordan River drainage and Orontes River drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle East: Jordan River (Israel, Jordan, Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species occurs in large to medium-sized warm streams and rivers with moderate currents. It also inhabits reservoirs and lakes. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FE54E1EDFC23.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FBF8E11FF9E3.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931) as Barbus lorteti; confirmed by Beckman (1962: 105). — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FBF8E11FF9E3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria:? Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor: Asi Nehri basin (Orontes) (Mediterranean tributary), Hatay Province (Turkey). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species spawns in lowland streams and rivers on sand-gravel bottoms, usually in strong currents. Semi-anadromous but rarely landlocked in reservoirs. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Locally commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FBF8E11FF9E3.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF96FF42F9B8E11FFE63.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1047, 1048) as Barbus pectoralis and B. perniciosus; subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931) as Barbus orontis; Beckman (1962: 107 - 109) as B. pectoralis and B. orontis. — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF96FF42F9B8E11FFE63.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River system. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Orontes River system in Turkey and Syria; Mediterranean watersheds of Turkey; Iraq. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of rivers and larger streams and also occurs in reservoirs, from which it migrates to inflowing streams and rivers for spawning. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF96FF42F9B8E11FFE63.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, especially in Asi drainage where this species has lost major part of its range due to massive pollution and water abstraction. However, these threats are not strong enough all over the range to really affect this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FE38E1D0FBDF.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 112) as Barbus subquincunciatus; confirmed by Krupp & Schneider (1991 b: 73) as Barbus subquincunciatus and. — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FE38E1D0FBDF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates river system. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits large, free-flowing lowland rivers and migrates short distances to breed. Rarely recorded from lakes and reservoirs, which seem to represent largely unsuitable habitats. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FE38E1D0FBDF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — No keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FBDCE07FF9BB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 114) as Barbus xanthopterus. — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FBDCE07FF9BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris rivers. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits large lowland rivers, lakes, and marshes. Also in reservoirs, from which it migrates to inflowing rivers to spawn. Spawns on gravel substrate in the shallows of large rivers in water depths of 30 – 150 cm. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FBDCE07FF9BB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: HAB, CON, ABS, EUT. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF97FF42F940E00CFEAB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 112) as Barbus sharpeyi; confirmed by Ali & Saad (2002); Ali (2003). — Iraq materials: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF97FF42F940E00CFEAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River system, Al Kahbour. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River system (Iraq, Iran, and Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species occurs in large rivers, lakes, and marshes, mostly in standing waters and marshes with dense vegetation. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF97FF42F940E00CFEAB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, COM, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FE71E087FBDF.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Barrois (1894: 308); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 143) as Varicorhinus barroisi. — Syrian material: BMNH, FMUL, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FE71E087FBDF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: eastern Mediterranean watersheds, Tigris River and Gulf basins (Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits mostly lakes, reservoirs, and larger lowland rivers. Most likely, they migrate to rivers or streams to spawn. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FE71E087FBDF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023 as Capoeta barroisi). — Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FBDDE62CF8CB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1056); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 148) as Varicorhinus trutta. — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, RMNH, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FBDDE62CF8CB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris and Euphrates River basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats, at least seasonally connected to running waters in which the species spawns. Most abundant in lowland rivers, but also very common in reservoirs and marshes, and commonly found in streams in slow-current sections. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FBDDE62CF8CB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023 as Capoeta trutta). — Threats: While there are many threats in the area, none is so serious to threaten this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — No keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FF74E28CFD67.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 116); confirmed by Coad & Krupp (1983: 49). — Syrian material: BMNH, SMF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FF74E28CFD67.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris and Persis River basins (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits the upper water column close to the surface of small to large rivers with slow to moderate currents. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FF74E28CFD67.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: CLI, CON, ABS, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FCA0E196FAB7.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Introduced by the Government of Syria (Jehan & Egg, 1977); subsequently reported by Hussain (1981, 1988). — Syrian materials: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FCA0E196FAB7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River and Assad Lake. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: East Asia: China and Russia; widely introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species conducts its spawning and overwintering in middle and lower stretches of large floodplain rivers (below 1,000 m altitude), within lakes, reservoirs, and backwaters during feeding season, preferring warm, clear water and high oxygen concentration. It is tolerant of a wide range of environmental variables. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FCA0E196FAB7.taxon	conservation	Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture / research; Biocontrol: to prevent eutrophication, aquatic plants, and pest control. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FA7DE196F834.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Nellen & Ruckes (1975). — Syrian materials: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FA7DE196F834.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: In the fish farms in the Al-Ghab region, the Orontes River basin, as well as in the fish farms of the estuary Al- Sin River on the Syrian coast, it was introduced in the beginning of the eighties from North Korea with the aim of culture and improving the productivity of the common carp fishponds (mixed breeding) and it is propagated artificially. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia: East Asia: Yangtze River basin, China, and Russia; widely introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species migrates upstream for spawning; eggs and larva float downstream to floodplain zones. In its natural range. An active species well known for its habit of leaping clear of the water when disturbed. Swims just beneath the water’s surface. Very sensitive to low temperatures (below 5 ° C) and oxygen deficits. It feeds on phytoplankton and zooplankton. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FA7DE196F834.taxon	conservation	Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FED2E6CFFC60.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1074); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 82); Goren et al. (1973); Coad (1984: 275); Taha (2005). — Syrian material: MNHN, NMW, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FED2E6CFFC60.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Turkey and Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is a lacustrine species restricted to shallow and marshy lakes. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FED2E6CFFC60.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB, EUT. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FED2E6CFFC60.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was present in Al-Ghab Lake and Al-Amiq Lake (Orontes River basin), but due to the drying up of these two lakes since the beginning of the sixties of the last century, the presence of this species was not recorded in the Orontes River basin or anywhere else in Syria. Needs to be reconfirmed by field specimens.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FC3EE775F9F9.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Goren et al. (1973: 303); confirmed by Freyhof & Özulug (2014: 8). — Syria material: BMNH, FSJF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FC3EE775F9F9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin and Jordan basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle East: Israel. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species is inhabiting in lakes and rivers. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FC3EE775F9F9.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NT (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FC3EE775F9F9.taxon	materials_examined	Remark. Freyhof & Özulug (2014: 9) list this species in the comparative matrials from Syria (FSJF 2723, 8, 43 - 70 mm SL; Syria: River Yarmuk in Wadi Jallayn, 32 ° 44 ’ 21 ” N 35 ° 58 ’ 56 ” E).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF9AFF42F986E070FE3B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1076); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Goren et al. (1973); Saad et al. (2009). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, RMNH, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF9AFF42F986E070FE3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates, Tigris and Orontes river basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates, Tigris and Orontes river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species is very ubiquitous, inhabiting all kinds of lowland water bodies with standing or slowly flowing waters, such as larger streams, rivers, springs, marshes, reservoirs, and lakes, as well as moderately polluted water bodies. Usually absent from fast-flowing and cold mountain streams. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF9AFF42F986E070FE3B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats throughout the large distribution area of this species, but none is serious enough to impact major parts of the populations. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FDC0E296FBDF.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description as Leuciscus tricolor by Lortet (1883: 166); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 138) as Rutilus tricolor. — Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FDC0E296FBDF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Lake Al-ʿUtaybah drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert. — General distribution: Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species inhabits freshwater lakes, marshes, and slowly flowing parts of streams. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FDC0E296FBDF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FDC0E296FBDF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species disappeared (extinct) due to the desiccation of Lake Al-Otaiba, south of Damascus, where it was first described.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FBDCE28CF957.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1085); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 87); Ali (2003); Taha (2005). — Syrian material: BMNH, NMW, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FBDCE28CF957.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris, Euphrates and Qweik River drainages. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris, Euphrates and Qweik River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species is found in streams, rivers, and lakes with moderate to slow currents. Also inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FBDCE28CF957.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area inhabited by this species, but none is so strong to considerably impact the global population of this fish. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9BFF42F924E2BAFEAB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. This species recorded from Syria by Freyhof & Turan (2019: 375). — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9BFF42F924E2BAFEAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Lower Orontes River drainage (Turkey and probably Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species inhabits all kinds of lowland water bodies with standing or slowly flowing waters, such as larger streams, rivers, springs, marshes, reservoirs, and lakes. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9BFF42F924E2BAFEAB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FE70E0C0FC4F.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Sauvage (1882: 168); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 89); (Saad et al, 2006). — Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FE70E0C0FC4F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Syria and Turkey). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of rivers and even canals and reservoirs. Usually, most abundantly in large springs that bring clean, freshwater to the river. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FE70E0C0FC4F.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB, EUT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FC4CE0C0FAB7.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp (1992 a). — Syrian material: SMF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FC4CE0C0FAB7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Upper Orontes basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Mediterranean coastal drainages of Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species inhabits small streams with dense shoreline vegetation and moderately fast flowing or standing water. It also occurs in reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FC4CE0C0FAB7.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB, EUT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9CFF42FA44E24AFE1F.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1083, 1084, 1086) as Alburnus sellal, A. microlepis, A. pallidus, and A. hebes; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 87) as also A. capito, A. mossulensis, and A. pallidus; Ali (2003). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, RMNH, SMNS, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9CFF42FA44E24AFE1F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik, Euphrates and Tigris river drainages. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates, Tigris, Zoreh, Persis, and Hormuz River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits lakes, reservoirs, and all kinds of streams and rivers from the cold Anatolian highlands down to the subtropical Shatt al Arab and Iranian Gulf rivers. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9CFF42FA44E24AFE1F.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area but this species is very resistant and can cope with most of them. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FE1CE0A2FBDF.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp (1985 d: 27); subsequently reported by Saad et al. (2009). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FE1CE0A2FBDF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor, Middle East: Orontes River basin (Turkey and Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized streams and large rivers with a rocky or gravel substrate and swift to moderately fast currents. It actually inhabits a large reservoir; from which it is believed to migrate to inflowing streams to spawn. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FE1CE0A2FBDF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, EUT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FBDCE619F973.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1078) as Chondrochilus regius; subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 118); Ali (2003). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, NRM, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FBDCE619F973.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor, Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats, from medium-sized streams to large lowland rivers. Inhabits marshes and reservoirs, from which it migrates to rivers and streams to spawn. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FBDCE619F973.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area but none serious enough to threaten this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9DFF42F909E161FE3B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931); as Aspius vorax; confirmed by Beckman (1962: 93); Krupp & Schneider (1991 b: 73); Ali (2003); Saad et al. (2006) as Aspius vorax. — Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9DFF42F909E161FE3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits large rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Migrates from lakes and reservoirs into inflowing rivers or streams to spawn. Sensitive to pollution. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9DFF42F909E161FE3B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: EUT, FIT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FDC0E033FBFB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Pellegrin (1933: 368); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 133) as Phoxinellus drusensis. — Syrian material: MNHN.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FDC0E033FBFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Al-Mazra’a, Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle East: Israel and Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species lives in slow-flowing streams and among stones and vegetation in streams and stream pools. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FDC0E033FBFB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, EUT, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FB80E041F9E3.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp (1992 a: 23). — Syrian material: SMF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FB80E041F9E3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean coastal drainage. — Distribution in River Basin: 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Mediterranean coastal drainage, Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant. — Habitat: This species occurs in springs and spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FB80E041F9E3.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9EFF42F9B8E283FE3B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Pellegrin (1911: 109) subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 133) as Phoxinellus kervillei, Saad et al. (2006, 2009). — Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9EFF42F9B8E283FE3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Syria and Turkey). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is found in springs, streams, and rivers, usually with clear waters and dense vegetation. It is also found in the littoral zone of Lake Kinneret. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9EFF42F9B8E283FE3B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9EFF42F9B8E283FE3B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the Orontes basin, both P. kervillei and P. libani are found. Based on the molecular data presented by Geiger et al. (2014), it is likely that P. kervillei and P. libani are synonyms. In fact, Bariche & Freyhof (2016) considered P. kervillei to be synonymous with P. libani. Therefore, comparative studies should be used to clarify these situations.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FDC0E041FB97.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 135) as Phoxinellus libani and P. rutiloides; confirmed by Bariche & Freyhof (2016: 205). — Syrian material: FSJF, MCZ, MNHN.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FDC0E041FB97.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes and Litani River drainages. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes and Litani River drainages (Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, and Israel). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is a riverine species. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FDC0E041FB97.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FB64E122F957.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description as Rhodeus syriacus by Lortet (1883: 21); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 137) as Phoxinellus syriacus. — Syrian material: MCZ, MNHN, USNM.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FB64E122F957.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Nahr al Barada valley. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Nahr al Barada valley, Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species inhabits springs and spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FB64E122F957.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9FFF42F924E041FE47.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1064); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 138) as Phoxinellus zeregi, Goren (1972: 142); Saad et al. (2009). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, SMNHTAU, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9FFF42F924E041FE47.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes and Quwayq river systems. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes and Quwayq river systems (Syria and Turkey). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is a riverine species. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9FFF42F924E041FE47.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FE54E638FBDF.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1079) as Squalius berak; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 130) as Leuciscus cephalus orientalis. — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, NMW, SMNS, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FE54E638FBDF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species lives in small to medium-sized streams, mostly in mountains and hilly areas. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FE54E638FBDF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none is serious enough to really impact this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FBDCE24AF957.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Pellegrin (1911: 108); confirmed by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 130) as Leuciscus lepidus and Krupp & Schneider (1991 b: 73); Saad et al. (2009) as Leuciscus lepidus. — Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FBDCE24AF957.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes, Quwayq, Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Asi Nehri (Orontes), Quwayq, Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species lives in large to medium-sized rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FBDCE24AF957.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, non seem to be serious enough to strongly impact this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FFA0FF42F924E056FEAB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1081); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 130); Saad et al. (2006) as Leuciscus spurius. — Syrian material: NMW, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FFA0FF42F924E056FEAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Qweik River basin (Turkey and Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives in large to medium-sized rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FFA0FF42F924E056FEAB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FD6DE6CAFB97.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Anuradha 1986 (1794); subsequently reported by Freyhof & Yoğurtçuoğlu (2023). — Syrian material: SMF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FD6DE6CAFB97.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Orontes River basin (Turkey and Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives in large rivers and reservoirs. It feeds on invertebrates and small fish. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FD6DE6CAFB97.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FB65E161F8CB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Solander in Russell (1794: 210); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 46); Ali (2003); Taha (2005). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FB65E161F8CB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species lives in large rivers and reservoirs. It feeds on invertebrates and small fish. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FB65E161F8CB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FF74E292FD67.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Linnaeus (1766: 504); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 178); Ali (2003); Taha (2005). — Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FF74E292FD67.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik River system, Tigris-Euphrates River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris-Euphrates River basin, Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species occurs in slow running and standing streams. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FF74E292FD67.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FD34E161FB0B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Krupp & Schneider (1991 b: 73). — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FD34E161FB0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: All species of this genus in the Middle East inhabit fast running sections of streams and rivers. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FD34E161FB0B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — No keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FB10E292F92F.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Freyhof et al. (2021: 479). — Syrian material: BMNH, SMF.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FB10E292F92F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris and Euphrates River basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates River basins, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: All species of this genus in the Middle East inhabit fast running sections of streams and rivers. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FB10E292F92F.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA2FF42F88DE64EFD4B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 176); listed in FishBase by Bartley (2006); confirmed by Saad et al. (2006). — Syrian materials: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA2FF42F88DE64EFD4B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River and Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: North America; Eastern Europe to central Asia. Widely introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species inhabits large and medium-sized lowland rivers, backwaters, and well-vegetated lakes. Spawns in shallow, warm, and well vegetated riverine habitats without current. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA2FF42F88DE64EFD4B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA2FF42F88DE64EFD4B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Due to its use in aquaculture, it has become widespread in Syria, especially in the Orontes basin, the Euphrates River, the Khabour River, and some coastal rivers (where catfish breeding farms are located near them, such as the Al-Sin River, Al Kabeer Al Shmali River, and the Al Kabeer Aljanoubi River).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E29FFA3FF42FAB1E2E4FF37.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Sauvage (1882: 163) as Clarias orontis; confirmed by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 173) as Clarias lazera, Ali (2003); Al-Horani (2005); Saad et al. (2006). — Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E29FFA3FF42FAB1E2E4FF37.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris river basins, Orontes River and Yamuk River. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Widespread in Africa, Asia Minor and Middle East. Widely introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species is a benthopelagic (living and feeding near the bottom as well as in midwaters or near the surface), potamodromous (migratory), and freshwater fish species. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E29FFA3FF42FAB1E2E4FF37.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: This species is of major economic importance all over its range and it is even an important aquaculture species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E29FFA2FF42FD50E008FB0B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 176); confirmed by Krupp & Schneider (1991 b: 73); Ali (2003); Saad et al. (2009). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E29FFA2FF42FD50E008FB0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris and Euphrates River basins. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits large rivers, marshes, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E29FFA2FF42FD50E008FB0B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area affection this species, but none seem to be strong enough to let the species decline so fast, that it qualifies for a threat category. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E28FFA3FF42FE6AE196FB80.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Ali et al. (2015: 1). — Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E28FFA3FF42FE6AE196FB80.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River, Khbur River. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: South Asia: Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and China Introduced in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits freshwater and, rarely, brackish waters as well. This is primarily a fish of ponds, ditches, creeks, swamps, and marshes, but it is sometimes found in muddy rivers. Its air-breathing apparatus enables it to exist in almost any kind of water quality. Generally, during the dry season, Heteropneustes fossilis lives in semi-liquid and semi-dry mud, and, even when the mud dries, they take their bodies to the bottom of fissures and crevices formed by the cracking mud. Fertilized eggs are adhesive, demersal, and spherical in form. In bodies of water, this species will move and feed in schools that are active through the day and night, and normally it occupies the lower quarter of the water column. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E28FFA3FF42FE6AE196FB80.taxon	conservation	Reasons of introduction. Unknown: Inadvertently introduced by transboundary waterways for no known reason or method. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E28FFA4FF42FA94E24FFEAB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad et al. (2006); confirmed by Saad et al. (2009). — Syrian materials: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E28FFA4FF42FA94E24FFEAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Upper part of the Orontes River near the Syrian-Lebanese border (Rabla town), where breeding farms for this species are established within the Syrian borders by bringing fingerlings from breeding farms in Lebanon, the Hermel region on the Lebanese side of the border. It was introduced to Syria during the seventies of the last century, when imported eggs were hatched in the Zabadani area west of Damascus, where cold water was available, and then the fingerlings were transported to fattening farms on the Syrian coast near the Al-Sin spring. It is still cultivated in cold spring basins near Jabal Al-Sheikh, east of Quneitra (Syrian Golan), and in the area of Ribla (Orontes River) near the Syrian-Lebanese border (where cold water is available in the upper part of the Al-Asi (Orontes) River. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: North Pacific and adjacent basins; widely introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species usually occurs in cold streams, rivers, and lakes, but is also found in various habitats. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E28FFA4FF42FA94E24FFEAB.taxon	conservation	Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture / research. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E28FFA4FF42FA94E24FFEAB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is mostly cultured cold-water fish. This species cannot reproduce in the environment on its own. Due to the escape of fish farm specimens, suitable habitats have been established in the vicinity of fish farms.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FA01E18EF838.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad (2005). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FA01E18EF838.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; southern North Sea; eastern Atlantic: Scotland south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands; Red Sea (Mediterranean Sea immigrant). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant. — Habitat: This species is benthic and predominantly marine; it occurs inshore and intertidal, under stones and in pools on sheltered rocky shores with dense weed cover. However, it occasionally enters freshwater. Brackish, marine. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FA01E18EF838.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: No major threats are known. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FD3DE7DBFB00.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad (2005). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FD3DE7DBFB00.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay south to Portugal, including Azores. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats and is mostly associated with dense submerged vegetation but is also found on open mud bottom substrates. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FD3DE7DBFB00.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are no major threats known to be impacting this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FAD9E07DF858.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Lortet (1883: 141); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 54 as Haplochromis flavi-josephi). — Syrian material: MGHN.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FAD9E07DF858.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Jordan River system. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle East: Jordan River system (Syria, Israel, Jordan). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species lives in the shallow zones of lakes, springs, and streams, where it may be found among stones or vegetation. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FAD9E07DF858.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023 as Haplochromis flaviijosephi). — Threats: ABS, CLI, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FAD9E07DF858.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The absence of this species in the Yarmouk River, which is a tributary of the Jordan River, indicates that it is extinct in Syria’s aquatic bodies (Hourani, 2005).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FEC5E161FB97.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in the original description of Rhynchobdella haleppensis by Bloch & Schneider (1801: 480); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 154); Ali & Saad (2002); Ali (2003). — Syrian material: ANSP, BMNH, MCZ, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FEC5E161FB97.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris and Euphrates River drainages, Kahbur River. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River, Kor River, and Persian Gulf basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats, from reservoirs and large rivers to small mountain streams. Often very abundant in rapids and riffles. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FEC5E161FB97.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: EUT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FF74E161FCDB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by El Bolock & Koura (1961); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 60) as Tilapia zilli, Saad et al. (2006), and Barakat et al. (2020). — Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FF74E161FCDB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean coastal plain. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: North Africa: Morocco east to Egypt, south to Nigeria and Central African Republic; Middle East: Syria south to Israel and Jordan. Introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperatures (below 10 – 13 oC) limit its occurrence. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FF74E161FCDB.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Israel: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FCA0E196FA2B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. According to Coad (1996), this species recorded from Syria by F. Krupp (1988) reports capture of a specimen from the Khabour River in Syria, presumably an escape from a fish farm in the basin of this tributary of the Euphrates River. Subsequently recorded Ali (2003); Saad et al. (2006); Saad (2010). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FCA0E196FA2B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Khabour River. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle East and Africa. Introduced widely elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperatures (below 10 – 13 oC) limit its occurrence. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FCA0E196FA2B.taxon	conservation	Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA7FF42F9F0E196FE8F.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by El Bolock & Koura (1961); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 58 as Tilapia nilotica). — Syrian materials: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA7FF42F9F0E196FE8F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Beteha area. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: North Africa and East Africa. Widely introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperatures (below 10 – 13 oC) limit its occurrence. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA7FF42F9F0E196FE8F.taxon	conservation	Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FE8CE219FBFB.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by El Bolock & Koura (1961); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 56) as Tilapia galilaea, Saad et al. (2006, 2009). — Syrian materials: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FE8CE219FBFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes, Al Kabir Al Shamali, and Al Yarmouk rivers, Beteha area. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle East; introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This demersal species occurs in shallow inshore waters of lakes and prefers open water, but juveniles and breeding adults can be found offshore. In the Sudd lakes, it is often associated with beds of submerged vegetation. It occasionally forms schools and can be territorial. It also occurs in rivers. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FE8CE219FBFB.taxon	conservation	Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture. Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FE8CE219FBFB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In Syria, S. galilaeus is both found naturally and translocated to various regions for aquaculture purposes.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FB80E161F973.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Lortet (1883: 141; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 65 as Tristramella simonis magdalenae) and Hurani (2005). — Syrian material: MGHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FB80E161F973.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Jordan River system, Al Yarmouk and Nahr Alkabeer Alchemali rivers. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle East: swamps and pools in Damascus area (Syria). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species lives in the shallow zones of lakes, springs, and streams, where it may be found among stones or vegetation. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FB80E161F973.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA8FF42F908E2F9FDD7.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 66); confirmed by Borkenhagen & Freyhof (2009: 335). — Syria material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA8FF42F908E2F9FDD7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Yarmouk and Al-Kabir Al-Shamali rivers. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Lake Tiberias. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species was a lacustrine species. Reproduction occurred in spring (April-July): it was a paternal mouth brooder. The species fed on zooplankton and small fish. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA8FF42F908E2F9FDD7.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: EX (IUCN 2023). — Threats: Unknown. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Extinct. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA8FF42F908E2F9FDD7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The IUCN category of T. sacra is extinct based on Goren’s (2014) assessment. Nonetheless, it was reported that this species is still found in Syria. This situation needs to be clarified by field studies and detailed molecular analyses.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FA27E056F819.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad (2005). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FA27E056F819.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean Sea watersheds and Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Southern North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; eastern Atlantic: English Channel south to Mauritania, including Madeira and Canary Islands. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives in the lower parts of rivers, estuaries, coastal lakes, and the sea. Freshwater populations prefer still or slow-flowing waters. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FA27E056F819.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: No major threats known. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FDA4E041FB6F.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 66) as Tristramella simonis simonis; confirmed by Hurani (2005); Borkenhagen & Freyhof (2009); Barakat et al. (2020) and Dib et al. (2021). — Syrian materials: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FDA4E041FB6F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Yarmouk and Al-Kabir Al-Shamali rivers. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Jordan River system, Israel, Lebonan, and Syria; introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: It lives in lakes, springs, and rivers. Spawns from March to August. It is a female mouth-brooder. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FDA4E041FB6F.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E22FFA9FF42FE55E7D6FB08.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Khalil (1930) as Gambusia affinis; confirmed by Beckman (1962: 170); Krupp (1992 b: 47); Ali (2003); Hurani (2005); Saad et al. (2006). — Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E22FFA9FF42FE55E7D6FB08.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Widespread all basins of Syria (introduced since 1926). — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: North America: Atlantic and Gulf Coast drainages, eastern USA; widely introduced elsewhere for mosquito control. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species often occurs in shallow, often stagnant ponds and the shallow edges of lakes and streams where predatory fishes are largely absent and temperatures are high. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E22FFA9FF42FE55E7D6FB08.taxon	conservation	Reasons of introduction. Biocontrol: to prevent eutrophication, aquatic plants, and pest control. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E22FFA9FF42FE55E7D6FB08.taxon	discussion	Remarks. It was introduced from the island of Corsica to Egypt in 1926 and then to Syria from Egypt in 1927, with the aim of combating mosquitoes in the jungle swamps and the Syrian Jazira region (Khalil, 1930). Previous records of Gambusia affinis in Syria refer to holbrooki. However, it should be determined whether there is a single species or whether both G. affinis and G. holbrooki are present in the country.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E22FFAAFF42FABDE28CFF37.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Ali (2003); confirmed by Saad et al. (2006). — Syria material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E22FFAAFF42FABDE28CFF37.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Alkhabur and Orontes rivers. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo, 3 - Desert, 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle East: Shores of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, and easternmost Mediterranean Sea basin; Socotra (north-western Indian Ocean). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior, 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species is euryhyaline, inshore habitats with dense structures of vegetation or stones. Also common in coral reefs in the Red Sea and widely distributed in lower parts of rivers, streams and all kind of inland water bodies, especially if these have brackish waters. Very rarely reported in freshwater habitats. Spawns on plants, algae and rock fissures. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E22FFAAFF42FABDE28CFF37.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FEC4E2E4FCF7.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. New record from Syria, based on ANSP and BMNH material. — Syrian material: ANSP, BMNH, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FEC4E2E4FCF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean Sea watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Mediterranean Sea basin endemic. Introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species lives mainly in brackish and salty waters and enters lagoons. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FEC4E2E4FCF7.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: CLI, EUT. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FC84E678FAB7.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 151) as Aphanius mento; confirmed by Krupp & Schneider (1991 b: 73) as Aphanius mento. — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FC84E678FAB7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin (southern Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of springs, streams, lakes, and rivers. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FC84E678FAB7.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area but none seems to be strong enough to threaten this species. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FA44E278F877.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria by Gaillard (1895: 6) as Cyprinodon cypris (non Heckel, 1843). — Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FA44E278F877.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes. — General distribution: Asia Minor: Orontes River basin. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of springs, streams, and wetlands. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FA44E278F877.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FCD9E056FA58.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 160) as Liza auratus; confirmed by Saad (2005). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FCD9E056FA58.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; eastern Atlantic: Scotland south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde Islands (introduced elsewhere). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is pelagic, near shore, sometimes in lagoons and estuaries, rarely in freshwaters. Among the Mugilidae recorded from freshwaters, this is the least tolerant of the freshwaters. It pawns at sea. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FCD9E056FA58.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: No major threats known. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FA5FE056F83D.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 164) as Liza labrosus; confirmed by Saad (2005). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FA5FE056F83D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is pelagic, near shores, sometimes in lagoons and estuaries. It spawns at sea in coastal surface water. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FA5FE056F83D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: No major threats known. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FF74E278FDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Freyhof & Yoğurtçuoğlu (2020: 437). — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FF74E278FDAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: south-western Syria. — Distribution in River Basin: 3 - Desert, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: South Asia: Middle East: Israel and southwestern Syria. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 438 - Jordan River, 440 - Arabian Interior. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of springs, streams, and wetlands. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FF74E278FDAF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FF74E056FD3F.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 163) as Liza capito; confirmed by Saad (2005). — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FF74E056FD3F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Western Baltic Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: southern Norway south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands. Introduced in Red Sea. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is pelagic, near shore, entering lagoons and the lower reaches of rivers, and is often found in polluted waters. It spawns offshore at sea. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FF74E056FD3F.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: No major threats known. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FCFCE056FAFF.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 165) as Liza saliens; confirmed by Saad (2005). — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FCFCE056FAFF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay (Spain) south to Western Sahara, including Madeira; introduced in Caspian Sea area. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is pelagic, near shore, and sometimes in lagoons and estuaries. It spawns at sea. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FCFCE056FAFF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: No major threats known. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FABCE18EF877.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 165); confirmed by Saad (2005). — Syrian material: None.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FABCE18EF877.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Nearly circumglobal in temperate and tropical seas and estuaries (including Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sea of Japan); introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is a euryhaline, pelagic nearshore species that sometimes forages in lagoons, estuaries, and lower courses of rivers and can tolerate freshwater. It inhabits inshore marine waters, estuaries, lagoons, and rivers, where it can tolerate wide ranges of temperature and salinity. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FABCE18EF877.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: No major threats known. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FF74E056FD4B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad (2005). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FF74E056FD4B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Portugal, northern Morocco, and Madeira; introduced elsewhere. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes. — Habitat: This species is a benthopelagic, neritic species found inshore, at the mouths of rivers and sewage effluents, but not entering brackish or freshwater. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FF74E056FD4B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: No major threats known. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FD50E28CFA9B.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 160) as Liza abu; confirmed by Krupp & Schneider (1991 b: 73) as Liza abu. — Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FD50E28CFA9B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris River drainages. — Distribution in River Basin: 1 - Dajleh & Khabour, 2 - Euphrates & Aleppo. — General distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and adjacent Euphrates and Tigris River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 441 - Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442 - Upper Tigris & Euphrates. — Habitat: This species is a freshwater mullet, found in streams, rivers, drains, channels, canals, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, including fish farms. It is found in schools. It is found in surface waters and the submerged vegetation of lakes and marshes, preferring a gentle flow of water, and it enters deeper waters in December and January, especially in cold winters. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FD50E28CFA9B.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: CLI, EUT. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFAEFF42F99CE28CFE47.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 52) as Blennius vulgaris; confirmed by Krupp (1987) as Blennius fluviatilis. Recorded from Syria in original description by Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. (2023). — Syrian materials: FFR.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFAEFF42F99CE28CFE47.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 4 - Orontes, 5 - Barada & Awaj, 6 - Coastal, 7 - Al-Yarmouk. — General distribution: Middle Asia: Mediterranean coastal watersheds from Antalya (Türkiye) to Israel. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant, 437 - Orontes, 438 - Jordan River. — Habitat: This species is mainly a riverine species that can also be found in lakes. It likes rubble and gravel substrates with moderate to high current velocities and stays in the deepest part. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFAEFF42F99CE28CFE47.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42F9E9E056F834.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad (2005). — Syrian material: MSL.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42F9E9E056F834.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland south to Senegal, including Madeira; Red Sea: Gulf of Suez (Mediterranean Sea immigrant). — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant. — Habitat: This species is pelagic, near shore, and sometimes in lagoons and estuaries. It spawns at sea. Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. Commercially important.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42F9E9E056F834.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: No major threats known. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42FD51E161FAFF.taxon	materials_examined	Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 154) as Gasterosteus argyropomus, Krupp & Coad (1985: 36); Krupp & Schneider (1991 b); Saad (2005). — Syrian material: CMN.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42FD51E161FAFF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds. — Distribution in River Basin: 6 - Coastal. — General distribution: North Pacific; Atlantic; Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea and adjacent watersheds; Sea of Japan; widespread in northern Europe, northern Asia and North America. — Distribution in Ecoregion: 436 - Coastal Levant. — Habitat: This species is typically found in quiet, weedy pools and backwaters. It is also found in the marginal vegetation of streams and over sand and mud bottom substrates. Marine populations are pelagic and usually found inshore along the coast, in estuaries, and in coastal lagoons. In some lakes, two morphologically and ecologically distinct forms may occur, differing in habitat and morphology (one littoral, the other mainly limnetic). Freshwater, brackish, marine. Economic importance. No commercial importance.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42FD51E161FAFF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: COM, EUT. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FC14E6D1FBB3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is distributed in the Mediterranean coastal plain of Israel and is listed in FishBase based on Goren (1974) from Syria. However, Syria is not included in the natural distribution of the species. Probably, the record of this species from Syria is due to misidentification. The presence of the species needs clarification.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FB49E072FAFF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This anadromous species is distributed in the Mediterranean and is listed in FishBase by Muus & Dahlstr ̂ m (1978) as being from Syria. Recent studies, however, have not recorded this species in Syria (Saad, 2005). The existence of the species must be clarified.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FA60E7FEFA2B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was first reported by Beckman (1962: 110); however, it is not a nominal species, but a hybrid between Barbus pectoralis Heckel, 1843 and Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42F9F0E765F956.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was identified as being from the Nile River, Egypt, and reported from Syria by Linnaeus (1764) and Russell (1794). However, Syria is not included in the natural distribution range of the species. Previous reports of C. anguillaris from Syria probably refer to C. gariepinus.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42F924E19AF883.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was reported from the Orontes River by Beckman (1962: 69). However, Syria is not in the natural distribution of C. taenia, which is distributed in Europe. Probably, the newly identified species C. anabelae has been misidentified as C. taenia.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB4FF42F898E018FF1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Beckman (1962: 153) documented the occurrence of E. sophiae (as Aphanius sophiae) in the Orontes River; however, Syria is not within the species’ natural distribution. According to Gholami et al. (2014) and Esmaeili et al. (2020) this species is restricted to the Kor River basin of Iran. Possibly, this record pertains to P. orontis, a species found in the Orontes River drainage.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FEE1E0BDFE63.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A German scientist introduced fingerlings of this species to Lake Al-Assad (Euphrates River) in 1977. This entry was not the right choice for two reasons: first, it was carnivorous, and second, the local environment was unsuitable for acclimatisation of the species. Indeed, it failed to propagate and vanished from Lake Al-Assad, where juveniles of this species had previously been discovered.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FE38E035FD4B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: During the 1930 s, Syria made considerable efforts to propagate Gambusia. Fish recognised as G. affinis in previous research; however, it became apparent that the species introduced to the Middle East was G. holbrooki (Çiçek et al., 2022). Similarly, this is believed to be the situation in Syria. Nonetheless, a comprehensive study should determine whether G. affinis is also extant in Syria.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FD51E715FCDB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is endemic to Turkey and is recorded as being from Syria in FishBase. Syria is not a part of the species’ natural distribution. The existence of the species must be clarified.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FCA1E2C2FC23.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was identified from Corukpur (Gorakhpur), Behar Province, and the Rapti River, Gorakhpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was reported by Beckman (1962: 126). However, it is likely that the specimen was misidentified because Syria is not part of the species’ natural distribution. The existence of the species must be clarified.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FBF9E2C2FB0B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was identified from Lake Tiberias (Galilée), Israel. Beckman (1962: 86) reported it from Lake Tiberias as Acanthobrama terraesanctae, and FishBase lists it as being from Syria based on Krupp & Schneider (1989). Syria is not a part of the species’ natural distribution range. The existence of the species must be clarified.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FB10E602FA9B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is endemic to Turkey and listed from Syria in FishBase based on Goren (1974); however, Syria is not included in the natural distribution of the species. This record is simply a misidentification.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FA60E16DF9C7.taxon	discussion	This species known from the Kýzýlýrmak drainage in the Anatolian Black Sea basin, the upper Seyhan drainage in the Mediterranean Sea basin, the upper Euphrates and Tigris drainages in Iran, Turkey and potentially in Iraq and Syria (Freyhof et al., 2022).	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42F9D4E0D8F957.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was identified from Lake Tiberias and found also in Lebonan. It may also be distributed in Syria; however, the presence of the species needs clarification.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42F924E60CF883.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species distributes in the Mediterranean and is listed in FishBase based on Muus & Dahlstr ̂ m (1978) from Syria; however, this species has not been reported from Syria in recent studies (Saad, 2005). This species was probably misidentified as being from Syria. The presence of the species needs clarification.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB5FF42F898E194FF1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was identified in Aleppo, Syria (syntypes: NMW 49438 (3), 49440 (2 )). The species were synonymized by Coad (1991: 18) as Squalius cephalus and Leuciscus cephalus. However, Syria is not included in the natural distribution range of S. cephalus. It could be claimed that the current status of the species is ambiguous and therefore needs clarification.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3EFFB5FF42FEE0E2F4FE47.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was reported by Coad (2010) in Syria. However, Syria is not within the species’ natural distribution. In some earlier studies, specimens belonging to the genus Squalius were incorrectly identified as Squalius cephalus.	en	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
