identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039B4C3C2E0CFF87FF42FBDDE7E3F8CB.text	039B4C3C2E0CFF87FF42FBDDE7E3F8CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758 [N]—Sea lamprey; Jalki</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758: 230 [Basel, Switzerland (original “in Mari Europaeo”, European seas; lectotype selected by Kottelat (1997: 29) as the specimen illustrated by Gesner (1604: 590) (specimen not preserved) which results in fixing the type locality].—Syrian synonyms: None.— Revisions: None.—Illustration: Kottelat &amp; Freyhof (2007: 44, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad et al. (2021: 22).—Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 6- Coastal.—General distribution: North-western Atlantic: northern Gulf of Mexico northward; North Atlantic: Greenland, Iceland; Baltic Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Black Sea [now extinct]; north-eastern Atlantic: White Sea and northern Norway south to northern Morocco.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant.— Habitat: This species is anadromous. Adult fish migrate from the ocean or lake to spawning streams. Landlocked populations in lakes may migrate up to about 50 miles upstream for spawning. Anadromous populations with access to the ocean migrate up to a couple hundred miles. Females deposit numerous small eggs in nests made by males in the gravel, sand, and rubble of streams with a moderately strong current. Larvae burrow in sand and silt bottoms in quiet water downstream from spawning areas and filter-feed on plankton and detritus. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: Localized threats may exist, but on a range-wide scale no major threats are known.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.— Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E0CFF87FF42FBDDE7E3F8CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FE8DE00CFB97.text	039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FE8DE00CFB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) [N]—European eel; Hanklis</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Muraena anguilla Linnaeus, 1758: 245 [Europe, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, northeastern Atlantic (original: “in Europa; maxima in lacu Cornachio Ferrariensi”); localities include Sweden; England; Belgium; Germany; Poland; France; Ferrara and Rome, Italy; Lesbos Island, Greece; Syria; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Anguilla vulgaris Shaw, 1803.—Revisions: Ege (1939: 90).— Illustration: Kottelat &amp; Freyhof (2007: 62, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Pellegrin (1911: 109) as Anguilla vulgaris; confirmed by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 46); Saad et al. (2006); Barakat et al. (2020).—Syrian material: MCZ, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterraean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Western Atlantic: larvae in Sargasso Sea and Gulf Stream; eastern Atlantic, Baltic Sea, North Sea, White Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea: European seas and adjacent watersheds, spawning and larval migration routes to and from the western Atlantic. Introduced in the Caspian Sea basin.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species is catadromous and found in a range of habitats, from small streams to large rivers and lakes, and in estuaries, lagoons, and coastal waters. It also occupies open ocean areas during migrations, but it is rarely observed in this habitat. Under natural conditions, it only occurs in bodies of water that are connected to the sea; it is stocked elsewhere. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, FIT, HAB, EUT, CON, COM, TOU.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FE8DE00CFB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FA61E278F85B.text	039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FA61E278F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cobitis anabelae Freyhof, Baycelebi & Geiger 2018	<div><p>Cobitis anabelae Freyhof, Bayçelebi &amp; Geiger, 2018 [N]—Spined loach; Tinia</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis anabelae Freyhof, Bayçelebi &amp; Geiger, 2018: 48, figs. 36-38 [Karasu River about 4 km south of Kýrýkhan, Hatay province, Turkey; holotype: ZFMK ICH-98633].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2018: figs. 36-38).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2018: 48). Previously Cobitis taenia was reported from the Orontes River by Beckman (1962: 69) and (Saad et al., 2006; 2009) most likely, these records refer to C. anabelae.—Syrian material: BMNH, ZFMK ICH, FSJF, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor: lower reaches of the Orontes River drainage.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species lives in streams and lakes with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats:Unknown.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E03FF88FF42FA61E278F85B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FF74E1EDFCF7.text	039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FF74E1EDFCF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyupoglu 1988	<div><p>Cobitis elazigensis Coad &amp; Sarieyy ̡poglu, 1988 [N]—Tigris spined loach; Tinia</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis elazigensis Coad &amp; Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988: 426, figs. 1-2 [creek at Cip, drainage of Murat Nehri, tributary of Euphrates River, Elazig Province, Turkey, 38°42’N, 39°05’E; holotype: NMC 85-0679A].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2018: 16).—Illustration: Coad &amp; Sarieyyüpoglu (1988: figs. 1-2).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria by Coad (2010: 202) as Cobitis taenia (non Linnaeus, 1758) (see Freyhof et al. 2018: 16).—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River. We sampled from Turkish part of the border in Karkamýþ Dam Lake.—Distribution in River Basin: 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Upper Euphrates River basin in Turkey, Iran and Syria.—441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species lives in streams and lakes with sand or fine gravel bottoms. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: This species seems to have a very large population in Atatürk reservoir and its tributaries, and maybe reservoirs in Syria, where no threats are obvious. Elsewhere it is locally found in lowland streams and small rivers where pollution and water abstraction are a threat. The loss of stream populations is suspected to be balanced by reservoir populations.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.— Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FF74E1EDFCF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FC84E11FFAB7.text	039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FC84E11FFAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed 1992	<div><p>Cobitis levantina Krupp &amp; Moubayed, 1992 [N]—Orontes spined loach; Tinia</p> <p>Taxonomy. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.616665/lat 34.666668)">Original</a> description: Cobitis levantina Krupp &amp; Moubayed, 1992: 391 [outflow of Buhairat Hims near Qattina, 34°40’N, 36°37’E, Syria; holotype: SMF 24371].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2018: 23). ―Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2018: 24, fig. 16).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp &amp; Moubayed (1992: 391); subsequently reported Saad et al. (2009).—Syrian material: SMF, BMNH, MIZT.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes, 6- Coastal.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: upper Orontes River system (Syria and Turkey); Litani River drainage (Lebanon).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species lives in mainly streams with clear water and bottom with silty, sand or fine gravel bottom and few submerged vegetation. In moderate current. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, EUT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E02FF89FF42FC84E11FFAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E02FF8AFF42F9F1E28CFF1B.text	039B4C3C2E02FF8AFF42F9F1E28CFF1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sparus galilaeus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Nun galilaeus (G̡nther, 1864) [N]—Galilean loach; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis galilaea Günther, 1864: 493 [Lake Tiberias [Galilée], Israel; holotype (unique): BMNH 1863.11.3.8].—Syrian synonyms: Cobitis galilaea Günther, 1864; Nemacheilus galilaeus (Günther, 1864); Oxynoemacheilus galilaeus (Günther, 1864); Nun galilaea (Günther, 1864).—Revisions: Banarescu et al. (1982: 23); Prokofiev (2009, 2010, 2017: 252).—Illustration: Prokofiev (2017: 254, fig. 68); Freyhof et al. (2012: 304, fig. 1, Syria); Freyhof et al. (2020: 231 as Oxynoemacheilus galilaeus).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad et al (2009).—Syria material: FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Jordan: Nahr al-Bared springs, Orontes River Basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Hulwh Lake, Jordan River basin, Israel, Syria.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River.—Habitat: his is a lacustrine species which inhabits lake shores. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, EUT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E02FF8AFF42F9F1E28CFF1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FEE0E1A1FC4F.text	039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FEE0E1A1FC4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel 1847)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel, 1847) [N]—Two spot loach; Lahhas alsakhr</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis argyrogramma Heckel, 1847: 239, pl. 18, fig. 3 [Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 48541 (8), 59913 (4)].—Syrian synonyms: Barbatula argyrogrammus (Heckel, 1847); Nemachilus argyrogramma (Heckel, 1847).—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2012).—Illustration: Heckel (1847: 239, pl. 18, fig. 3).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1847) as Cobitis argyrogramma); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 72 as Nemachilus argyrogramma).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik River basin, Euphrates River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats with moderately fast-flowing waters, from small hill streams to the shores of large rivers. Also in stagnant water bodies of reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, CLI.— High sensitivity to human activities.—No keystone species.—Decline status: Significant decline, locally extinct.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FEE0E1A1FC4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FC4CE11FF9C7.text	039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FC4CE11FF9C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Banarescu & Nalbant 1964)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964) [N]—Euphratecus loach; Lahhas alsakhr</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Nemacheilus insignis euphraticus Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964: 175, pl. 7 (figs. 11-12) [Euphrates (Firat Nehri) Basin, Malatya, eastern Anatolia, Turkey; holotype: ZMH 1889].—Syrian synonyms: Barbatula euphratica (Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964); Oxynoemacheilus freyhofi Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi &amp; Hosseinpour, 2016.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2012).—Illustration: Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant (1964: pl. 7, figs. 11-12).</p> <p>Status in Syria. This species has not yet been recorded from Syria; however, we observed that it is distributed along the border river between Turkey and Syria.—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates River and Tigris River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species occurs in streams with moderate flow. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, EUT.— Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E01FF8AFF42FC4CE11FF9C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E01FF8BFF42F9D4E292FED3.text	039B4C3C2E01FF8BFF42F9D4E292FED3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Banded Tigris loach; Lahhas alsakhr</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis frenata Heckel, 1843a: 1086 (96) [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 48552 (5), NRM 15477 (1); illustrated by Heckel (1843b: pl. 12, fig. 1)].—Syrian synonyms: None.— Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2012); Sayyadzadeh &amp; Esmaeili (2020).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b; pl. 12, fig. 1); Freyhof et al. (2017: 558, fig. 7); Sayyadzadeh &amp; Esmaeili (2020: fig. 11).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 74) as Nemachilus frenata.—Syrian material: BMNH, NRM.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River system.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin and Lesser Zab drainage (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species lives moderately fast flowing to almost standing waters of springs, streams and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E01FF8BFF42F9D4E292FED3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FEA8E11FFCF7.text	039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FEA8E11FFCF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus hamwii (Krupp & Schneider 1991)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus hamwii (Krupp &amp; Schneider, 1991) [N]—Orontes sportive loach; Lahhas alsakhr</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Nemacheilus hamwii Krupp &amp; Schneider, 1991: 24, Figs. 1-5 [Nahr Afrin in Afrin, Syria, 36°31‘N, 36°52‘E; holotype: SMF 17398].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2012).—Illustration: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991a: 24, figs. 1-5); Freyhof &amp; Geiger (2021: 580, fig. 10).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991a: 24); subsequently reported by Saad et al. (2009).—Syrian material: SMF, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: sia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Syria and Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species lives in moderately fast-flowing streams and rivers with a mud or gravel substrate and low pollution levels. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FEA8E11FFCF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FC84E796F957.text	039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FC84E796F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843) [N] — Syrian loach; Lahhas alsakhr</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis insignis Heckel, 1843a: 1087 (97) [Damascus, Syria; syntypes: NMW (4, not found), SMF 166 (2, poor condition)].—Syrian synonyms: Nemacheilus insignis (Heckel, 1843); Noemacheilus angorae jordanicus Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant 1966; Noemacheilus angorae tortonesei Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant 1966; Orthrias dori Goren &amp; Bănărescu, 1982; Nemacheilus dori Goren &amp; Bănărescu, 1982; Orthrias israeliticus Goren &amp; Nalbant 1982; Oxynoemacheilus pantheroides (Goren &amp; Nalbant 1982); Orthrias pantheroides Goren &amp; Nalbant 1982.—Revisions: Prokofiev (2009:880) with subspecies.— Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 12, fig. 3).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1088) as Cobitis insignis; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 76) as Nemachilus insignis.—Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, NMW, SMF, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Lake Al-ʿUtaybah drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 3- Desert, 4-Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Turkey, Syria, Israel and Jordan.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species lives in moderately fast-flowing streams and rivers with a mud or gravel substrate and low pollution levels. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NT (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, CLI, EUT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.— Moderate priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. Oxynoemacheilus insignis had been first recorded in 1962 by Beckman, after Lake Al-Otaiba had dried up; however, the species was not found in recent surveys of Syrian inland waters. This species is probably extinct in Syria. For this reason, this situation should be revealed by detailed field studies.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E00FF8BFF42FC84E796F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E00FF8CFF42F924E292FEAB.text	039B4C3C2E00FF8CFF42F924E292FEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof, Kaya & Turan 2017	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof, Kaya &amp; Turan, 2017 [N] — Loach; Lahhas alsakhr</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof, Kaya &amp; Turan, 2017: 552, Figs. 1-4 [Stream Kesan about 1 km south of Güntepe, Bitlis province, Turkey, 38°21’24’’N, 42°37’39’’E; holotype: FFR 01566. Paratypes: FFR, FSJF].— Syrian synonyms: None. — Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2017: figs. 1-4).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Freyhof et al. (2017).— Syrian materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River basin.— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.6275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.356667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.6275/lat 38.356667)">Distribution in River Basin</a>: 1- Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2- Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.— General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.6275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.356667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.6275/lat 38.356667)">upper Tigris River</a> basin (Turkey, Iraq, and Syria).— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.6275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.356667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.6275/lat 38.356667)">Distribution in Ecoregion</a>: 441- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.6275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.356667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.6275/lat 38.356667)">Lower Tigris</a> &amp; Euphrates, 442- Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: Moderately fast flowing to almost standing waters of clean springs, streams and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E00FF8CFF42F924E292FEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FE70E1EDFC6B.text	039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FE70E1EDFC6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus namiri (Krupp & Schneider 1991)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus namiri (Krupp &amp; Schneider, 1991) [N] — Levantine loach; Lahhas alsakhr</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Nemacheilus namiri Krupp &amp; Schneider, 1991: 28, figs. 7-13 [Orontes at Jisr ash-Shughur, Syria, 35°48‘N, 36°19‘E; holotype: SMF 17387].—Syrian synonyms: Schistura namiri (Krupp &amp; Schneider, 1991a).—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2012).—Illustration: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991a: 28, figs. 7-13) as Nemacheilus namiri, Freyhof et al. (2012: 304, fig. 3, Syria).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991a: 28); subsequently reported by Saad et al. (2009).—Syrian material: CMN, SMF, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Syria and Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species lives in moderately fast-flowing to almost standing waters of springs, reservoirs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, CLI, EUT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.— Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FE70E1EDFC6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FC30E617F9E3.text	039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FC30E617F9E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus panthera (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus panthera (Heckel, 1843) [N] — Damascus loach; Lahhas alsakhr</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis panthera Heckel, 1843a: 1087 [97] [Damascus, Syria; holotype: syntypes: NMW 48565 (3), NRM 15478 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: Cobitis leopardus Heckel, 1843; Orthrias panthera (Heckel, 1843); Nemacheilus panthera (Heckel, 1843); Barbatula panthera (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: Prokofiev (2009: 880).—Illustration: Goren (1974: pl. 2 a-b); Freyhof et al. (2012: 304, fig. 2, Syria).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1087, 1089) as Cobitis panthera and C. leopardus; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 77) as Nemachilus panther and by Saad et al. (2009).—Syrian material: BMNH, FMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NRM, USNM, MSL, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Lake Al-ʿUtaybah drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 3- Desert, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Israel, Jordan, Syria.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species lives in the standing and slowly flowing waters of springs and streams with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023).—Threats: HAB, CON, CLI, ABS, EUT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. According to Krupp &amp; Schnider (1989) this species is a synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E07FF8CFF42FC30E617F9E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E07FF8DFF42F9B8E11FFF37.text	039B4C3C2E07FF8DFF42F9B8E11FFF37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus shehabi Freyhof & Geiger 2021	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus shehabi Freyhof &amp; Geiger, 2021 [E]—Shehab’s loach; Lahhas alsakhr</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Oxynoemacheilus shehabi Freyhof &amp; Geiger, 2021: 573, figs. 2-6 [Orontes at Al Qusayr, Syria, 34.5086N, 36.5389E; holotype: ZFMK ICH-124181].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof &amp; Geiger (2021: 573, figs. 2-6).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Freyhof &amp; Geiger (2021: 573).—Syrian material: ZFMK ICH.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River system.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Western Asia: upper Orontes basin (Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.— Habitat: This species lives in the standing and slowly flowing waters of springs and streams with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, EUT.— Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E07FF8DFF42F9B8E11FFF37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FB2DE11FF92F.text	039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FB2DE11FF92F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra caudomaculata (Battalgil 1942)	<div><p>Garra caudomaculata (Battalgil, 1942) [N]—Antakya minnow; Lahhas alhajar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Hemigrammocapoeta caudomaculatus Battalgil, 1942: 296, fig. 7 [Amik Lake, Antakya, Hatay Province, southern Turkey; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Discognathus lamta (non-Hamilton, 1822); Crossocheilus caudomaculatus (Battalgil, 1942).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Battalgil (1942: fig. 7).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Pellegrin (1911: 108) as Discognathus lamta; confirmed by Saad et al. (2009) as Garra caudomaculata. —Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.—General distribution: Asia Minor: Amik Lake basin (southern Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.— Habitat: This species lives in slowly running rivers and streams, densely vegetated springs, and wetlands. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB, EUT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—No keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FB2DE11FF92F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FEC4E606FC6B.text	039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FEC4E606FC6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus tigris (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus tigris (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Halap loach; Lahhas alsakhr</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis tigris Heckel, 1843a: 1088 [98] [Kuiek River near Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 48441 (2), 49444-46 (2, 4, 2); SMF 405 (3)].—Syrian synonyms: Noemacheilus tigris (Heckel, 1843); Nemacheilus tigris (Heckel, 1843); Orthrias tigris (Heckel, 1843); Paracobitis tigris (Heckel, 1843); Barbatula tigris (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: Berg (1949:876) as synonym of Nemacheilus sargadensis Nikolskii 1900; Freyhof et al. (2019).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 12, fig. 4) as Cobitis tigris.</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Lortet (1883: 172) as Nemachilus tigris; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 77) as Nemachilus tigris.—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, NRM.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: upper Euphrates River basin (Syria and Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species lives in moderately fast-flowing to standing waters of streams with gravel or mud substrates. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. According to Krupp &amp; Schnider (1989) this species is a synonym of Oxynoemacheilus leontinae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E06FF8DFF42FEC4E606FC6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E06FF8EFF42F8EDE292FE63.text	039B4C3C2E06FF8EFF42F8EDE292FE63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof 2014	<div><p>Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger &amp; Freyhof, 2014 [N]— Jordan garra; Lahhas alhajar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger &amp; Freyhof, 2014: 227, figs. 2-5 [Lower part of Mujib River, 31°27.998’N, 35°34.417’E, Jordan; holotype: ZFMK 66328]—Syrian synonyms: None.— Revisions: None.—Illustration: Hamidan et al. (2014: figs. 2-5).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Hamidan et al. (2014: 227).—Syrian material: CMN, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Yarmuk River; Lake Muzarib.—Distribution in River Basin: 3- Desert, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Middle East: northern Dead Sea basin, Jordan and Syria.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species lives in slowly running rivers and streams, densely vegetated springs, and wetlands. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E06FF8EFF42F8EDE292FE63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FE39E6DFFBFB.text	039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FE39E6DFFBFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra nana (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Garra nana (Heckel, 1843) [N]— Damascus garra; Lahhas alhajar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Tylognathus nanus Heckel, 1843a: 1073 [83] [Damascus, Syria; syntypes: (3) not found at NMW].—Syrian synonyms: Hemigrammocapoeta nana (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: None.— Illustrations: Heckel (1843b: pl. 8, fig. 4) as Tylognathus nanus.</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1074) as Tylognathus nanus; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 142) as Tylognathus nanus.—Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, NMW.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Lake Al-ʿUtaybah drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 3- Desert, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Middle East: Syria, Jordan.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species is found in a variety of habitats, such as rivers, lakes, and small ponds. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NT (Freyhof, 2018a).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. The drainage of Lake Al-Utaybah, where the species was recorded for the first time, has almost nearly dried up and is heavily polluted. Most likely extinct in Syria. Needs to be reconfirmed by field specimens.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FE39E6DFFBFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FB81E278F99F.text	039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FB81E278F99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra orontesi Baycelebi, Kaya, Turan & Freyhof 2021	<div><p>Garra orontesi Bayçelebi, Kaya, Turan &amp; Freyhof, 2021 [N]—Orontes garra; Lahhas alhajar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Garra orontesi Bayçelebi, Kaya, Turan &amp; Freyhof, 2021: 171, figs. 1-5 [Stream Karasu below Tahtaköprü dam, Gaziantep Province, Turkey, 36.8520°N, 36.6861°E; holotype: FFR 4034].— Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Bayçelebi et al. (2021: figs. 1-5).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Bayçelebi et al. (2021:171).—Syrian material: FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor: Orontes River drainage, eastern Mediterranean Sea basin, Turkey and Syria (and possibly Lebanon).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species lives in slowly running rivers and streams, densely vegetated springs, and wetlands. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—No keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E05FF8EFF42FB81E278F99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E05FF8FFF42F99DE292FE3B.text	039B4C3C2E05FF8FFF42F99DE292FE3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra rufa (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Red garra; Lahhas alhajar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Discognathus rufus Heckel, 1843a: 1071 (81) [Aleppo, Syria; lectotype: NMW 53240 (108 mm SL); lectotype selected by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 368)].—Syrian synonyms: Discognathus obtusus Heckel, 1843; Discognathus crenulatus Heckel, 1847.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 8, fig. 2) as Discognathus rufus.</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1072, 1073) as Discognathus rufus and D. obtusus; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 126) as Garra rufus; Ali (2003); Saad et al. (2006); Barakat et al. (2020).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris river basins, Al Abrach, Kais and Orontes rivers.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5- Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Asia Minor: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. Usually absent from standing waters. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none is serious enough to seriously impact this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E05FF8FFF42F99DE292FE3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FAB1E0FEF88C.text	039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FAB1E0FEF88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carasobarbus canis (Valenciennes 1842)	<div><p>Carasobarbus canis (Valenciennes, 1842) [N]— Jordan himri; Samak bonni</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus canis Valenciennes in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1842: 186, pl. 468 [Jordan River, Palestine; lectotype: MNHN 0000-1413].—Syrian synonyms: Barbus beddomii Günther, 1868.— Revisions: Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013).—Illustration: Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 16, figs. 8,9).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931) as Barbus canis; confirmed by Beckman (1962: 98); Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989); Ali (2003); Taha (2005).—Syrian material: MSL</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Jordan River system.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 5- Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Turkey and Syria.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of streams, rivers and lakes including reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NT (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FAB1E0FEF88C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B.text	039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra variabilis (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Garra variabilis (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Variable garra; Lahhas alhajar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Discognathus variabilis Heckel, 1843a: 1069 [79] [Aleppo, Syria; Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 53238-40 (3, 8, ca. 10), 53260-69 (1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2), 53272 (4); SMF 403 (4); ZMB 3301 (3)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustrations: Heckel (1843b: pl. 8, fig. 1) as Discognathus variabilis.</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1070) as Discognathus variabilis; subsequently reported by Saad et al. (2009).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, SMF, SMNS, ZMUC, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 4-Orontes.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, and Iraq).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of standing and slowly flowing waters such as rivers, springs, marshes, and streams. It seems to be quite tolerant of pollution and also inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seems to be serious enough to really impact this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E04FF90FF42F88DE0FEFDAF.text	039B4C3C2E04FF90FF42F88DE0FEFDAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carasobarbus chantrei (Sauvage 1882)	<div><p>Carasobarbus chantrei (Sauvage, 1882) [N]—Orontes himri; Bonni</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Labeobarbus chantrei Sauvage, 1882: 165 [Antakya Lake (= Amik Ĝlü) (36°12’14”N, 36°09’26”E), Hatay Province, Turkey; lectotype: MNHN A-3866; lectotype selected by Krupp (1985b:19) and again later (same specimen) by Ekmekçi &amp; Bănărescu (1998:92)].—Syrian synonyms: Barbus chantrei (Sauvage, 1882); Barbus canis (non-Valenciennes, 1842); Tor canis (non Valenciennes, 1842).—Revisions: Ekmekçi &amp; Bănărescu (1998: 92); Borkenhagen et al. (2011: 328); Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 17).—Illustration: Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 19, figs. 10-11).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962:98) as Barbus chantrei; confirmed by Krupp (1985b: 18); Saad et al. (2009) as Barbus chantrei.—Syrian material: BMNH, CMN, MNHN, SMNS, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River system.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Turkey and Syria.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437- Orontes.—Habitat: This species inhabits lowland rivers, backwaters, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ponds, rarely in fast-flowing waters. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NT (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E04FF90FF42F88DE0FEFDAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FD6CE0FEFB27.text	039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FD6CE0FEFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carasobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges 1960)	<div><p>Carasobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960) [N]—Kosswig’s barb; Bonni</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyclocheilichthys kosswigi Ladiges, 1960: 135, fig. 7 [Batman suyu (Batman Çayi), Turkey; holotype: ZMH H 1148].—Syrian synonyms: Barbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960); Kosswigobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960).—Revisions: Borkenhagen et al. (2011: 328); Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 32).— Illustration: Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 33, figs. 21-22).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b) as Barbus kosswigi.—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris-Euphrates system.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris-Euphrates system (Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442- Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits lowland rivers, backwaters, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ponds, rarely in fast-flowing waters. It seems to inhabit summer-warm mountain river stretches with fast-flowing water and gravel bottoms. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FD6CE0FEFB27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FAF4E278F813.text	039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FAF4E278F813.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Mesopotamian himri; Bonni hamri</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Systomus luteus Heckel, 1843a: 1061 [71] [Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 54253:2; lectotype selected by Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013:37)].—Syrian synonyms: Barbus luteus (Heckel, 1843); Systomus albus Heckel, 1843.—Revisions: Ekmekçi &amp; Bănărescu (1998: 90); Borkenhagen et al. (2011: 328); Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 34).—Illustrations: Heckel (1843b: pl. 6, fig. 1); Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 38, figs. 23-24).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1063) as Systomus luteus and S. albus; subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 107); Borkenhagen et al. (2011: 328); Ali (2003) as Barbus luteus.—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik River; Tigris and Euphrates river basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates and adjacent basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats, from small lowland streams and springs to marshes, lakes, and reservoirs to large and brackish lowland rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: While there are many threats in the area, none is strong enough to threaten this ubiquitous species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1BFF90FF42FAF4E278F813	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FF3DE196FD3F.text	039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FF3DE196FD3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) [I]—Goldfish; Bonni</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus auratus Linnaeus, 1758: 322 [China; Japanese rivers; no types known].— Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Kottelat &amp; Freyhof (2007: 144, fig.); Guo (2021: 472, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Taha (2005), confirmed by Barakat et al. (2020).—Syrian material: FMNH, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: East Asia: China and Japan; introduced widely elsewhere; many cultivated goldfish varieties.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 441- Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches with stagnant or slow-flowing water. It occurs in eutrophic fresh and brackish waters, well-vegetated ponds, and canals. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FF3DE196FD3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FCFDE196FAC3.text	039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FCFDE196FAC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carassius gibelio (Bloch 1782)	<div><p>Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) [I]—Gibel carp; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.78639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.59/lat 49.78639)">Original</a> description: Cyprinus gibelio Bloch, 1782: 71, pl. 12 [Olsche River pond, Odra River system, near Czech Teschen, 49°47’11”N, 18°35’24”E, Czech Republic; neotype: ZMB 33979].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Jawad et al. (2012).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Barakat et al. (2020).—Syria materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Introduced to somewhere.—Distribution in River Basin: 6- Coastal.—General distribution: Eurasia: Eastern Europe, Russia to northeastern China; introduced elsewhere.— Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant.—Habitat: This species inhabits rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches with stagnant or slow-flowing water. It occurs in eutrophic fresh and brackish waters, well-vegetated ponds, and canals. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Unknown: Inadvertently introduced by transboundary waterways for no known reason or method.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FCFDE196FAC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FAD9E11FF8BF.text	039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FAD9E11FF8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyprinion kais Heckel 1843	<div><p>Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843 [N]—Kais kingfish/Small mouth lotak; Shalami</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843a: 1066 [76] [Aleppo, Syria and Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 52803 (148.1 mm)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Bănărescu &amp; Herzig-Straschil (1995: 416).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 7, fig. 2).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1067); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931) as Cyprinion cypris; Beckman (1962: 120).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, RMNH.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik, Tigris and Euphrates River basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized and large rivers and streams. Known to inhabit canals but seems to be absent from reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—No keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1AFF91FF42FAD9E11FF8BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1AFF92FF42F87DE278FD03.text	039B4C3C2E1AFF92FF42F87DE278FD03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyprinion macrostomus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Cyprinion macrostomus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Tigris kingfish/Large mouth lotak; Shalami abiad</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinion macrostomus Heckel, 1843a: 1065 [75] [Aleppo, Syria or Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 52805-1].—Syrian synonyms: Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel 1843; Cyprinion neglectus Heckel 1847.—Revisions: Bănărescu &amp; Herzig-Straschil (1995: 414).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 7, fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1066); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 120); Ali (2003).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, RMNH, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris River systems, Kahbur River.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441- Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized and large rivers and streams. Known to inhabit canals but seems to be absent from reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023) as C. macrostomum.—Threats: There are many threats in the area none strong enough to impact this species seriously.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—No keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1AFF92FF42F87DE278FD03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E19FF93FF42FA0CE0C0FF1B.text	039B4C3C2E19FF93FF42FA0CE0C0FF1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Shabout; Roumi</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus grypus Heckel, 1843a: 1048 [58] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 54160-61 (1, 2), 91023 (1); SMF 2613 (1, dry), ZMB 8788 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: Tor grypus (Heckel, 1843); Labeobarbus kotschyi Heckel, 1843.—Revisions: Borkenhagen (2014: 1179, 1189).— Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 3, fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931) as Barbus grypus; confirmed by Beckman (1962: 100); Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b: 73); Ali (2003); Saad et al. (2006) as Barbus grypus.—Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River.—Distribution in River Basin:1-Dajleh&amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river systems and rivers (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442- Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits big rivers as well as large reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, EUT, FIT, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E19FF93FF42FA0CE0C0FF1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E19FF92FF42FD19E196FA9B.text	039B4C3C2E19FF92FF42FD19E196FA9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 [I]—Common carp; Carp chaeh</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758: 320 [Europe; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.139 (1, skin)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 831).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 833, fig. 572).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 122); confirmed record from Syria based on MNHN material, collected in 1998, Barakat et al. (2020).—Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes, Tigris and Euphrates River basins and translocated somewhere.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Western Europe (native to Black Sea basin, possibly also Caspian and Aral seas basins), widely introduced worldwide, also many multicolor varieties.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits warm, deep, slow-flowing, and still waters, such as lowland rivers and large, well-vegetated lakes. Introduced in all types of water bodies. Spawns along shorelines or in backwaters. Successful survival of larvae is only possible in very warm water, among shallow submerged vegetation. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture/research; Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E19FF92FF42FD19E196FA9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FEE0E0C0FC6B.text	039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FEE0E0C0FC6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Barbus lacerta Heckel 1843	<div><p>Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843 [N]—Lizard barbell; Roumi</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843a: 1044 [54] [Kueik (Qwaik) River near Aleppo, Syria; lectotype: NMW 54227-1; lectotype selected by Bogutskaya in Banarescu &amp; Bogutskaya (2003: 251) but not at this time (Jan. 2004) acceptable according to the 1999 code].—Syrian synonyms: Barbus scincus Heckel, 1843; Barbus kosswigi Karaman 1971.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 695 see Khaefi et al. (2017a).— Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 2, fig. 1); Khaefi et al. (2017a: 102, figs. 6, 7).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843: 1045, 1049) as Barbus lacerta and B. scincus; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 103, 110) as B. lacerta and B. scincus.—Syrian material: MNHN, NMW, SMF, ZMB.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits mountain and piedmont zones in streams and small rivers with fast, clear, and well-oxygenated water and gravel substrate. It is usually common in small streams and absent from large rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FEE0E0C0FC6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FC31E046F957.text	039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FC31E046F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes 1842)	<div><p>Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842) [N]—Mesopotamian barb; Kallar abiad</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Gobio damascinus Valenciennes in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1842: 314, pl. 482 [Damascus, Syria; lectotype: MNHN 0000-4494; lectotype selected by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 365)].— Syrian synonyms: Scaphiodon fratercula Heckel, 1843; Scaphiodon socialis Heckel, 1843; Scaphiodon peregrinorum Heckel, 1843; Capoeta syriaca (Valenciennes, 1844); Capoeta kosswigi Karaman 1969.— Revisions: Alwan et al. (2016).—Illustration: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 366. fig. 17).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description of Gobio damascinus by Valenciennes (1842: 314); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 146) as Varicorhinus damascinus and Varicorhinus syriaca by Beckman (1962: 148).—Syrian material: MCZ, MNHN, SMNS, ZMUC, SMF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Lake Al-ʿUtaybah drainage; Euphrates River drainage.— Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Levant, Mesopotamia and south-eastern Anatolia (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Israel, and Jordan).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436- Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442- Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies, at least seasonally, with gravel or running water. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E18FF93FF42FC31E046F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E18FF94FF42F925E046FE47.text	039B4C3C2E18FF94FF42F925E046FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capoeta umbla (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Tigris scraper; Kallar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Scaphiodon umbla Heckel, 1843a: 1060 [70] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 55932-33 (1, 1), 79373-74 (1, 1, both dry); SMF 6777 (1, dry)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Esmaeili et al. (2016: 36).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 5, fig. 3); Zareian &amp; Esmaeili (2017: fig. 24, NMW 55933, and fig. 25 live specimen).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 149) as Varicorhinus umbla.—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria:?Euphrates and Tigris river basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Iran, Iraq, and Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies, at least seasonally, with gravel or running water. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E18FF94FF42F925E046FE47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FE54E292FBFB.text	039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FE54E292FBFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus barbulus Heckel 1847	<div><p>Luciobarbus barbulus Heckel, 1847 [N]—Barbel; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus barbulus Heckel, 1847: 2 56 [Kara Agatsch River (Qarah Aqaj River) near Geré (Jereh), Iran, 29°15’N, 51°58’E; Qweik River at Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 6596 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: (see Khaefi et al. 2017b: and Valiallahi (2020: 59).—Illustrations: Khaefi et al. (2017b: 837, 840, figs. 2, 3); Valiallahi (2020: 60, figs. 1-2).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1847: 256) as Barbus barbulus; subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 87); Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b: 73); Ali (2003) as Barbus barbulus.—Syrian material: MCZ, MNHN, SMNS, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik River system; Euphrates and Tigris river basins.— Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Qweik River system (Syria); Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran); Zoreh, Mond and Kol river basins (Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies, at least seasonally, with gravel or running water. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FE54E292FBFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FB80E2E4F9BB.text	039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FB80E2E4F9BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Pike barbel; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843: 1054 [64] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 54088 (2), 54091-92 (1, 1); SMF 454 (ex NMW) (1), 6785 (ex NMW) (1)].—Syrian synonyms: Barbus esocinus (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Heckel (1843: Pl. 4, fig. 2).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 100) as Barbus esocinus; confirmed by Ali (2003).— Syrian materials: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species occurs in large rivers and reservoirs; from which they migrate to inflowing rivers to spawn. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: FIT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1FFF94FF42FB80E2E4F9BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1FFF95FF42F940E638FE47.text	039B4C3C2E1FFF95FF42F940E638FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus kersin (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Luciobarbus kersin (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Kersin barbel; Kersin asfar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus kersin Heckel, 1843a: 1049 [59] [Syria; syntypes: NMW 54212-13 (1, 4), 54215 (1); SMF 610 (1), ZMB 3237 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Esmaeili (2021: 306, fig. 17.8).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1847: 212); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 87); Ali (2003); Taha (2005) as Barbus kersin.—Syrian material: NMW, SMF, ZMB, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates; Khabur and Tigris River basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits large to medium-sized rivers, but habitats are poorly known. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area but it is unknown how and if the species is affected.—Low sensitivity to human activities.— Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1FFF95FF42F940E638FE47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FE54E1EDFC23.text	039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FE54E1EDFC23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus longiceps (Valenciennes 1842)	<div><p>Luciobarbus longiceps (Valenciennes, 1842) [N]— Jordan barbel; Abou shadak</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus longiceps Valenciennes, 1842: 179, pl. 467 [Jordan River; syntypes: MNHN 0000-4309 (1, dry)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Levin et al. (2012: 544).—Illustration: Valenciennes (1842: pl. 467) as Barbus longiceps.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Barrois (1894: 308) as Barbus longiceps; confirmed by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 105); Hourani (2005); Saad et al. (2009) as Barbus longiceps.—Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Jordan River drainage and Orontes River drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Middle East: Jordan River (Israel, Jordan, Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species occurs in large to medium-sized warm streams and rivers with moderate currents. It also inhabits reservoirs and lakes. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.— Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FE54E1EDFC23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FBF8E11FF9E3.text	039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FBF8E11FF9E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus lorteti (Sauvage 1882)	<div><p>Luciobarbus lorteti (Sauvage, 1882) [N]—Barbel; Abou shadak</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus lorteti Sauvage, 1882: 165 [Orontes River at Antakya (= Antiochia), 36°12’N, 36°13’E, Turkey; lectotype: MNHN A-3935].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Krupp (1985c:64) as Barbus lorteti.—Illustration: Krupp (1985c: 65, fig. 1) as Barbus lorteti.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931) as Barbus lorteti; confirmed by Beckman (1962:105).— Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria:?Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor: Asi Nehri basin (Orontes) (Mediterranean tributary), Hatay Province (Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species spawns in lowland streams and rivers on sand-gravel bottoms, usually in strong currents. Semi-anadromous but rarely landlocked in reservoirs. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023).—Threats: Unknown.— Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1EFF95FF42FBF8E11FF9E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1EFF96FF42F9B8E11FFE63.text	039B4C3C2E1EFF96FF42F9B8E11FFE63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus pectoralis (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Luciobarbus pectoralis (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Heckel’s Orontes barbell; Abou shadak</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus pectoralis Heckel, 1843a: 1045 [55] [Orontes River, Syria; holotype:?NMW 54474].—Syrian synonyms: Barbus perniciosus Heckel, 1843; Barbus schejch (Heckel, 1843); Labeobarbus orontis Sauvage, 1882; Barbus orontis (Sauvage, 1882).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 2, fig. 2).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1047, 1048) as Barbus pectoralis and B. perniciosus; subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931) as Barbus orontis; Beckman (1962: 107-109) as B. pectoralis and B. orontis.—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River system.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Orontes River system in Turkey and Syria; Mediterranean watersheds of Turkey; Iraq.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of rivers and larger streams and also occurs in reservoirs, from which it migrates to inflowing streams and rivers for spawning. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, especially in Asi drainage where this species has lost major part of its range due to massive pollution and water abstraction. However, these threats are not strong enough all over the range to really affect this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1EFF96FF42F9B8E11FFE63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FE38E1D0FBDF.text	039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FE38E1D0FBDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus subquincunciatus (Gunther 1868)	<div><p>Luciobarbus subquincunciatus (G̡nther, 1868) [N]—Mesopotamian/Leopard barbell; Abou shadak</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus subquincunciatus Günther, 1868: 86 [Mesopotamia?; holotype: BMNH 1869.3.19.1469 (skin)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Levin et al. (2012: 544).—Illustration: None.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 112) as Barbus subquincunciatus; confirmed by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b: 73) as Barbus subquincunciatus and.—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates river system.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442- Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits large, free-flowing lowland rivers and migrates short distances to breed. Rarely recorded from lakes and reservoirs, which seem to represent largely unsuitable habitats. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—No keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.— High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FE38E1D0FBDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FBDCE07FF9BB.text	039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FBDCE07FF9BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Yellowfin barbel; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843a: 1053 [63] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 54786 (1), 54841 (10), 91215 (1, dry)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Levin et al. (2012: 544).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 4, fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 114) as Barbus xanthopterus.—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris rivers.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits large lowland rivers, lakes, and marshes. Also in reservoirs, from which it migrates to inflowing rivers to spawn. Spawns on gravel substrate in the shallows of large rivers in water depths of 30–150 cm. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: HAB, CON, ABS, EUT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1DFF96FF42FBDCE07FF9BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1DFF97FF42F940E00CFEAB.text	039B4C3C2E1DFF97FF42F940E00CFEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Gunther 1874)	<div><p>Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (G̡nther, 1874) [N]—Binni; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus sharpeyi Günther, 1874: 38 (3), pl. 9 [Tigris River near Baghdad, Iraq; syntypes:BMNH 1874.4.28.20(1),1874.4.28.27 (1),1875.1.14.16 (1)].—Syrian synonyms:None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Günther (1874: 38 (3), pl. 9) as Barbus sharpeyi.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 112) as Barbus sharpeyi; confirmed by Ali &amp; Saad (2002); Ali (2003).—Iraq materials: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River system, Al Kahbour.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River system (Iraq, Iran, and Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.— Habitat: This species occurs in large rivers, lakes, and marshes, mostly in standing waters and marshes with dense vegetation. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, COM, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1DFF97FF42F940E00CFEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FE71E087FBDF.text	039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FE71E087FBDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracapoeta barroisi (Lortet 1894)	<div><p>Paracapoeta barroisi (Lortet, 1894) [N]—Orontes scraper; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Capoeta barroisi Lortet in Barrois 1894: 308 [Lake Homs, at Schoummarieh Village, Orontes drainage, Hims District, Syria; Antioche (Antakya, Turkey); syntypes: FMUL uncat. (several, probably lost), MHNL uncat. (1)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Turan et al. (2008: 267).— Illustration: Turan et al. (2008: 267, fig. 5).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Barrois (1894: 308); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 143) as Varicorhinus barroisi.—Syrian material: BMNH, FMUL, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 4-Orontes.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: eastern Mediterranean watersheds, Tigris River and Gulf basins (Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits mostly lakes, reservoirs, and larger lowland rivers. Most likely, they migrate to rivers or streams to spawn. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023 as Capoeta barroisi).—Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.— Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FE71E087FBDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FBDDE62CF8CB.text	039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FBDDE62CF8CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracapoeta trutta (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Paracapoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Longspine scraper; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Scaphiodon trutta Heckel, 1843a: 1056 [66] [Aleppo, Syria; Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 55926 (1), 55928 (2), 55935-37 (2, 2, 1), 55939-42 (4, 1, 3, 1);?RMNH 3164 (1) Aleppo; SMF 923 (1), 2567 (1); ZMB 8789 (1, dry)].—Syrian synonyms: Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843).— Revisions: Turan et al. (2008: 267).—Illustrations: Heckel (1843b: pl. 4, fig. 3); Turan et al. (2008: 267, fig. 5).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1056); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 148) as Varicorhinus trutta.—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, RMNH, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris and Euphrates River basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats, at least seasonally connected to running waters in which the species spawns. Most abundant in lowland rivers, but also very common in reservoirs and marshes, and commonly found in streams in slow-current sections. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023 as Capoeta trutta).—Threats: While there are many threats in the area, none is so serious to threaten this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—No keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E1CFF97FF42FBDDE62CF8CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FF74E28CFD67.text	039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FF74E28CFD67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Barilius mesopotamicus Berg 1932	<div><p>Barilius mesopotamicus Berg, 1932 [N]—Mesopotamian minnow; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barilius mesopotamicus Berg, 1932: 333, fig. 1 [Gawi River, Tigris River basin, 33°20’N, 46°20’E, Iraq; holotype: ZIN 23955].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Bianco &amp; Bănărescu (1982: 76).—Illustration: Berg (1932: fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 116); confirmed by Coad &amp; Krupp (1983:49).—Syrian material: BMNH, SMF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris and Persis River basins (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits the upper water column close to the surface of small to large rivers with slow to moderate currents. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: CLI, CON, ABS, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FF74E28CFD67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FCA0E196FAB7.text	039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FCA0E196FAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes 1844)	<div><p>Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) [I] — Grass carp; Carp acheb</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus idella Valenciennes, 1844: 362 (China; no types known).—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 597).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 598, fig. 353).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Introduced by the Government of Syria (Jehan &amp; Egg, 1977); subsequently reported by Hussain (1981, 1988).—Syrian materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River and Assad Lake.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: East Asia: China and Russia; widely introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species conducts its spawning and overwintering in middle and lower stretches of large floodplain rivers (below 1,000 m altitude), within lakes, reservoirs, and backwaters during feeding season, preferring warm, clear water and high oxygen concentration. It is tolerant of a wide range of environmental variables. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture/research; Biocontrol: to prevent eutrophication, aquatic plants, and pest control.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FCA0E196FAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FA7DE196F834.text	039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FA7DE196F834.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes 1844)	<div><p>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) [I]—Silver carp; Carp feddi</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus molitrix Valenciennes in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1844: 360 [China; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 846).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 847, fig. 579).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Nellen &amp; Ruckes (1975).—Syrian materials: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: In the fish farms in the Al-Ghab region, the Orontes River basin, as well as in the fish farms of the estuary Al- Sin River on the Syrian coast, it was introduced in the beginning of the eighties from North Korea with the aim of culture and improving the productivity of the common carp fishponds (mixed breeding) and it is propagated artificially.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia: East Asia: Yangtze River basin, China, and Russia; widely introduced elsewhere.— Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species migrates upstream for spawning; eggs and larva float downstream to floodplain zones. In its natural range. An active species well known for its habit of leaping clear of the water when disturbed. Swims just beneath the water’s surface. Very sensitive to low temperatures (below 5°C) and oxygen deficits. It feeds on phytoplankton and zooplankton. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E13FF98FF42FA7DE196F834	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FED2E6CFFC60.text	039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FED2E6CFFC60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthobrama centisquama Heckel 1843	<div><p>Acanthobrama centisquama Heckel, 1843 [N]—Orontes bream; Besbasi</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Acanthobrama centisquama Heckel, 1843a: 1074 [84] [Damascus, Syria (in error, was Asi River and Amik Lake); holotype: NMW 55339].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Goren et al. (1973: 296); Coad (1984: 275).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 9, fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1074); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 82); Goren et al. (1973); Coad (1984: 275); Taha (2005).—Syrian material: MNHN, NMW, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Turkey and Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species is a lacustrine species restricted to shallow and marshy lakes. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB, EUT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was present in Al-Ghab Lake and Al-Amiq Lake (Orontes River basin), but due to the drying up of these two lakes since the beginning of the sixties of the last century, the presence of this species was not recorded in the Orontes River basin or anywhere else in Syria. Needs to be reconfirmed by field specimens.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FED2E6CFFC60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FC3EE775F9F9.text	039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FC3EE775F9F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthobrama lissneri Tortonese 1952	<div><p>Acanthobrama lissneri Tortonese, 1952 [N]— Jordan bream; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Acanthobrama lissneri Tortonese, 1952: 271 [Lake Tiberias [Galilée], Israel; holotype: MIZT 3868].—Syrian synonyms: Acanthobrama terraesanctae oligolepis Karaman, 1972.— Revisions: Goren et al. (1973: 302); Freyhof &amp; Özulug (2014: 8).—Illustration: Goren et al. (1973: 303, fig. 5).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Goren et al. (1973: 303); confirmed by Freyhof &amp; Özulug (2014: 8).—Syria material: BMNH, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin and Jordan basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Middle East: Israel.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species is inhabiting in lakes and rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NT (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remark. Freyhof &amp; Özulug (2014:9) list this species in the comparative matrials from Syria (FSJF 2723, 8, 43-70 mm SL; Syria: River Yarmuk in Wadi Jallayn, 32°44’21” N 35°58’56” E).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E12FF99FF42FC3EE775F9F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E12FF9AFF42F986E070FE3B.text	039B4C3C2E12FF9AFF42F986E070FE3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthobrama marmid Heckel 1843	<div><p>Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843 [N]—Mesopotamian bream; Besbasi</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843a: 1075 [85] [Kueik River at Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 55345-48 (2, 2, 2, 2), 79068 (2); RMNH 2537 (4) Aleppo, 2539 (2) Aleppo; SMF 543 (4) Aleppo].—Syrian synonyms: Acanthobrama arrhada Heckel, 1843; Acanthobrama cupida Heckel, 1843.— Revisions: Goren et al. (1973: 296).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 9, fig. 2); Freyhof &amp; Özulug (2014: 7, fig.7).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1076); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Goren et al. (1973); Saad et al. (2009).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, RMNH, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates, Tigris and Orontes river basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 4-Orontes.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates, Tigris and Orontes river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species is very ubiquitous, inhabiting all kinds of lowland water bodies with standing or slowly flowing waters, such as larger streams, rivers, springs, marshes, reservoirs, and lakes, as well as moderately polluted water bodies. Usually absent from fast-flowing and cold mountain streams. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats throughout the large distribution area of this species, but none is serious enough to impact major parts of the populations.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E12FF9AFF42F986E070FE3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FDC0E296FBDF.text	039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FDC0E296FBDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthobrama tricolor (Lortet 1883)	<div><p>Acanthobrama tricolor (Lortet, 1883) [E]— Damascus bream; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus tricolor Lortet, 1883: 166 [Lakes east of Damascus, Syria; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: see Freyhof &amp; Özulug (2014).—Illustration: None.</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description as Leuciscus tricolor by Lortet (1883: 166); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 138) as Rutilus tricolor.—Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Lake Al-ʿUtaybah drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 3- Desert.—General distribution: Syria.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species inhabits freshwater lakes, marshes, and slowly flowing parts of streams. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. This species disappeared (extinct) due to the desiccation of Lake Al-Otaiba, south of Damascus, where it was first described.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FDC0E296FBDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FBDCE28CF957.text	039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FBDCE28CF957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alburnus caeruleus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Black Spotted Bleak; Daffaf</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843a: 1084 (94) [Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 16688 (4), 55511-13 (2, 2, 2), 57161 (3);?RMNH 2656 (4); SMF 100 (4)].—Syrian synonyms: Alburnoides recepi Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi &amp; Doğan, 2014.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 11, fig. 3).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1085); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 87); Ali (2003); Taha (2005).—Syrian material: BMNH, NMW, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris, Euphrates and Qweik River drainages.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris, Euphrates and Qweik River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species is found in streams, rivers, and lakes with moderate to slow currents. Also inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area inhabited by this species, but none is so strong to considerably impact the global population of this fish.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E11FF9AFF42FBDCE28CF957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E11FF9BFF42F924E2BAFEAB.text	039B4C3C2E11FF9BFF42F924E2BAFEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alburnus magnificus Freyhof & Turan 2019	<div><p>Alburnus magnificus Freyhof &amp; Turan, 2019 [N]—Bleak; Daffaf</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnus magnificus Freyhof &amp; Turan, 2019: 374, figs. 2-4 [Stream Afrin about 5 km east of Kocabeyli, Kilis province, Turkey, 36.806°N 36.982°E; holotype: FFR 998].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof &amp; Turan (2019: figs. 2-4).</p> <p>Status in Syria. This species recorded from Syria by Freyhof &amp; Turan (2019: 375).—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Lower Orontes River drainage (Turkey and probably Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species inhabits all kinds of lowland water bodies with standing or slowly flowing waters, such as larger streams, rivers, springs, marshes, reservoirs, and lakes. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats:Unknown.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E11FF9BFF42F924E2BAFEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FE70E0C0FC4F.text	039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FE70E0C0FC4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alburnus orontis Sauvage 1882	<div><p>Alburnus orontis Sauvage, 1882 [N]—Orontes bleak; Daffaf</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnus orontis Sauvage, 1882: 168 [Hammah (Hamáh), Syria; syntypes: MNHN A-3907 (2)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof &amp; Turan (2019: 380).—Illustration: Freyhof &amp; Turan (2019: 379, fig. 6).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Sauvage (1882: 168); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 89); (Saad et al, 2006).—Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Syria and Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of rivers and even canals and reservoirs. Usually, most abundantly in large springs that bring clean, freshwater to the river. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB, EUT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FE70E0C0FC4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FC4CE0C0FAB7.text	039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FC4CE0C0FAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alburnus qalilus Krupp 1992	<div><p>Alburnus qalilus Krupp, 1992 [E]—Syrian spotted bleak; Daffaf</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnus qalilus Krupp, 1992a: 326 [Nahr al-Hawaiz, 35°22’N, 35°58’E, Mediterranean coastal drainage, Syria; holotype: SMF 24480].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof &amp; Turan (2019: 380).—Illustration: Freyhof &amp; Turan (2019: 378, fig. 5).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp (1992a).—Syrian material: SMF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Upper Orontes basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Mediterranean coastal drainages of Syria.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.— Habitat: This species inhabits small streams with dense shoreline vegetation and moderately fast flowing or standing water. It also occurs in reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB, EUT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E10FF9BFF42FC4CE0C0FAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E10FF9CFF42FA44E24AFE1F.text	039B4C3C2E10FF9CFF42FA44E24AFE1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843	<div><p>Alburnus sellal Heckel, 1843 [N]—Sellal bleak; Daffaf</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnus sellal Heckel, 1843a: 1082 [92] [Kueik (Qweik River), Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 55664-67 (1, 2, 4, 2); RMNH 2666 (2)].—Syrian synonyms: Chalcalburnus sellal (Heckel, 1843); Alburnus capito Heckel, 1843; Alburnus hebes Heckel, 1843; Alburnus microlepis Heckel, 1843; Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843; Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Heckel, 1843); Alburnus pallidus Heckel, 1843; Leuciscus maxillaris Valenciennes, 1844; Alburnus maxillaris (Valenciennes, 1844); Alburnus caudimacula Heckel, 1847; Alburnus iblis Heckel, 1847; Alburnus megacephalus Heckel, 1847; Alburnus schejtan Heckel, 1847; Alburnus mossulensis delineatus Battalgil, 1942; Alburnus zagrosensis Coad, 2009; Alburnus selcuklui Elp, Şen &amp; Özuluğ, 2015.—Revisions: Bogutskaya (1997: 167), Mohammadian-Kalat et al. (2017).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 11, fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1083, 1084, 1086) as Alburnus sellal, A. microlepis, A. pallidus, and A. hebes; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 87) as also A. capito, A. mossulensis, and A. pallidus; Ali (2003).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, RMNH, SMNS, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik, Euphrates and Tigris river drainages.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates, Tigris, Zoreh, Persis, and Hormuz River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits lakes, reservoirs, and all kinds of streams and rivers from the cold Anatolian highlands down to the subtropical Shatt al Arab and Iranian Gulf rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area but this species is very resistant and can cope with most of them.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E10FF9CFF42FA44E24AFE1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FE1CE0A2FBDF.text	039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FE1CE0A2FBDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp 1985	<div><p>Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp, 1985 [N]—Orontes nase; Arous</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp, 1985: 27, fig. 1 [tributary of Karasu Çayi near Tahtak̂prü dam, Turkey, 36°52‘N, 36°40‘E; holotype: SMF 17127].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Bogutskaya (1997: 170); Robalo et al. (2007: 370).—Illustration: Krupp (1985d: fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp (1985d: 27); subsequently reported by Saad et al. (2009).—Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor, Middle East: Orontes River basin (Turkey and Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized streams and large rivers with a rocky or gravel substrate and swift to moderately fast currents. It actually inhabits a large reservoir; from which it is believed to migrate to inflowing streams to spawn. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, EUT, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.— Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FE1CE0A2FBDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FBDCE619F973.text	039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FBDCE619F973.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chondrostoma regium (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) [N]—King nase; Arous</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Chondochilus regius Heckel, 1843a: 1077 [87] [Orontes and Tigris rivers; syntypes: NMW 52532-35 (2, 2, 2, 1) Kueik (Qweik River) near Aleppo, 52536-38 (2, 1, 2) Tigris near Mosul].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Elvira (1987: 127); Küçük et al. (2023).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 9, fig. 3) as Chondochilus regius, Küçük et al. (2023: 9, fig. 6d).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1078) as Chondrochilus regius; subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 118); Ali (2003).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, NRM, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 4-Orontes.—General distribution: Asia Minor, Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 441- Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats, from medium-sized streams to large lowland rivers. Inhabits marshes and reservoirs, from which it migrates to rivers and streams to spawn. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area but none serious enough to threaten this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E17FF9CFF42FBDCE619F973	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E17FF9DFF42F909E161FE3B.text	039B4C3C2E17FF9DFF42F909E161FE3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leuciscus vorax (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Leuciscus vorax (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Mesopotamian asp; Brak</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Aspius vorax Heckel, 1843a: 21 (24), pl. 9 [Heri Rud River near Herat, Syria; syntypes: NMW 16527 (1, dry), 76776 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Lelek (1987: 150) as Aspius vorax; Perea et al. (2011: 15).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 10, fig. 3) as Aspius vorax.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931); as Aspius vorax; confirmed by Beckman (1962: 93); Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b: 73); Ali (2003); Saad et al. (2006) as Aspius vorax.—Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 4-Orontes.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits large rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Migrates from lakes and reservoirs into inflowing rivers or streams to spawn. Sensitive to pollution. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: EUT, FIT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E17FF9DFF42F909E161FE3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FDC0E033FBFB.text	039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FDC0E033FBFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophoxinus drusensis (Pellegrin 1933)	<div><p>Pseudophoxinus drusensis (Pellegrin, 1933) [N]—Drusian spring minnow; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Phoxinellus (Pararhodeus) drusensis Pellegrin, 1933: 368 [Al-Mazra‘a, 32°46‘N, 36°29‘E, Syria; lectotype: MNHN 1932-163; lectotype selected by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 375)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 375).—Illustration: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 376, fig. 23); Freyhof et al. (2020: 166).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Pellegrin (1933: 368); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 133) as Phoxinellus drusensis.—Syrian material: MNHN.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Al-Mazra’a, Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4- Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Middle East: Israel and Syria.— Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species lives in slow-flowing streams and among stones and vegetation in streams and stream pools. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, EUT, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FDC0E033FBFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FB80E041F9E3.text	039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FB80E041F9E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophoxinus hasani Krupp 1992	<div><p>Pseudophoxinus hasani Krupp, 1992 [E]—Marqîyah spring minnow; Bakhsoon</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Pseudophoxinus hasani Krupp, 1992a: 23, figs. 3-4 [Nahr Marqiya, 35°02’N, 35°54’E, Mediterranean coastal drainage, Syria; holotype: SMF 24564].—Syrian synonyms: None— Revisions: None.—Illustration: Krupp (1992a: figs. 3-4); Freyhof et al. (2020: 172).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Krupp (1992a: 23).—Syrian material: SMF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean coastal drainage.—Distribution in River Basin: 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Mediterranean coastal drainage, Syria.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436- Coastal Levant.—Habitat: This species occurs in springs and spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E16FF9DFF42FB80E041F9E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E16FF9EFF42F9B8E283FE3B.text	039B4C3C2E16FF9EFF42F9B8E283FE3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophoxinus kervillei (Pellegrin 1911)	<div><p>Pseudophoxinus kervillei (Pellegrin, 1911) [N]—Orontes minnow; Bakhsoon</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Pseudophoxinus kervillei Pellegrin, 1911: 109 [Orontes River near its outlet from Lake Homs (Lake Qattinah), Syria, elevation 490 metres, ca. 34°39’47.7”N 36°37’12.4”E; lectotype: MNHN 1910-0018 (36 mm SL, poor condition); lectotype selected by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 377)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 377).—Illustration: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 377, fig. 24).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Pellegrin (1911: 109) subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 133) as Phoxinellus kervillei, Saad et al. (2006, 2009).—Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Syria and Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species is found in springs, streams, and rivers, usually with clear waters and dense vegetation. It is also found in the littoral zone of Lake Kinneret. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats:Unknown.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. In the Orontes basin, both P. kervillei and P. libani are found. Based on the molecular data presented by Geiger et al. (2014), it is likely that P. kervillei and P. libani are synonyms. In fact, Bariche &amp; Freyhof (2016) considered P. kervillei to be synonymous with P. libani. Therefore, comparative studies should be used to clarify these situations.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E16FF9EFF42F9B8E283FE3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FDC0E041FB97.text	039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FDC0E041FB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophoxinus libani (Lortet 1883)	<div><p>Pseudophoxinus libani (Lortet, 1883) [N]—Levantine minnow; Bakhsoon</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Phoxinellus libani Lortet, 1883: 164, pl. 11, fig. 4) [Lake Yammouni (Yamuni or Lammouni or Yammouneh), elevation 1650 metres, Lebanon; syntypes: MCZ 25546 (28), MHNG 611.24 (10), SMF 804 (19), SMNS 3214 (several, not found), USNM 48012 (2)].—Syrian synonyms: None.— Revisions: Bariche &amp; Freyhof (2016: 204).—Illustration: Lortet (1883: 164, pl. 11, fig. 4) as Phoxinellus libani.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 135) as Phoxinellus libani and P. rutiloides; confirmed by Bariche &amp; Freyhof (2016: 205).—Syrian material: FSJF, MCZ, MNHN.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes and Litani River drainages.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes and Litani River drainages (Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, and Israel).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species is a riverine species. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FDC0E041FB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FB64E122F957.text	039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FB64E122F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophoxinus syriacus (Lortet 1883)	<div><p>Pseudophoxinus syriacus (Lortet, 1883) [E]—Barada spring minnow; Bakhsoon</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Rhodeus syriacus Lortet, 1883: 21 [24], pl. 9 [Lakes east of Damascus, Syria; syntypes:?MCZ 25539 (3), MHNG 611.22 (2), USNM 48029 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Lortet (1883: pl. 9) as Rhodeus syriacus.</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description as Rhodeus syriacus by Lortet (1883: 21); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 137) as Phoxinellus syriacus. —Syrian material: MCZ, MNHN, USNM.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Nahr al Barada valley.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 4- Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Nahr al Barada valley, Syria.— Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.— Habitat: This species inhabits springs and spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB.— High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.— High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E15FF9EFF42FB64E122F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E15FF9FFF42F924E041FE47.text	039B4C3C2E15FF9FFF42F924E041FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophoxinus zeregi (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Pseudophoxinus zeregi (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Levantine spring minnow; Bakhsoon</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Phoxinellus zeregi Heckel, 1843a: 1063 [73] [Aleppo, Syria and Turkey; syntypes: NMW 51068-69 (1, 3)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Goren (1972: 145) as Phoxinellus zeregi zeregi; Perea et al. (2010: 4).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 6, fig. 3) as Phoxinellus zeregi.</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1064); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 138) as Phoxinellus zeregi, Goren (1972: 142); Saad et al. (2009).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, SMNHTAU, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes and Quwayq river systems.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.—General distribution:Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes and Quwayq river systems (Syria and Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species is a riverine species. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E15FF9FFF42F924E041FE47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FE54E638FBDF.text	039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FE54E638FBDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squalius berak Heckel 1843	<div><p>Squalius berak Heckel, 1843 [N]—Mesopotamian chub; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius berak Heckel, 1843a: 1078 [88] [Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 48915 (6), SMF 469 [ex NMW] (3)].—Syrian synonyms: Squalius orientalis Heckel, 1847; Leuciscus cephalus orientalis Heckel, 1847.—Revisions: Doadrio &amp; Carmona (2006: 200).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 10, fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1079) as Squalius berak; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 130) as Leuciscus cephalus orientalis.—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, NMW, SMNS, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species lives in small to medium-sized streams, mostly in mountains and hilly areas. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN:LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none is serious enough to really impact this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.— Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FE54E638FBDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FBDCE24AF957.text	039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FBDCE24AF957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squalius lepidus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Mesopotamian pike chub; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843a: 21 [24], pl. 9 [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 49342 (spec. 1); lectotype selected by Bogutskaya (1994: 603)].—Syrian synonyms: Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: Sanjur et al. (2003: 22).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 10, fig. 2).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Pellegrin (1911: 108); confirmed by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 130) as Leuciscus lepidus and Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b: 73); Saad et al. (2009) as Leuciscus lepidus.— Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes, Quwayq, Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Asi Nehri (Orontes), Quwayq, Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).— Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species lives in large to medium-sized rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, non seem to be serious enough to strongly impact this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E14FF9FFF42FBDCE24AF957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E14FFA0FF42F924E056FEAB.text	039B4C3C2E14FFA0FF42F924E056FEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squalius spurius Heckel 1843	<div><p>Squalius spurius Heckel, 1843 [N]—Orontes dace; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius spurius Heckel, 1843a: 1081 [91] [Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 49572 (2)].—Syrian synonyms: Leuciscus spurius (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: Bogutskaya (1997: 174) as Leuciscus spurius.—Illustration: None.</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1081); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 130); Saad et al. (2006) as Leuciscus spurius.—Syrian material: NMW, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Qweik River basin (Turkey and Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species lives in large to medium-sized rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E14FFA0FF42F924E056FEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FD6DE6CAFB97.text	039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FD6DE6CAFB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mystus misrai Anuradha 1986	<div><p>Mystus misrai Anuradha, 1986 [N]—Zigzag catfish; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mystus misrai Anuradha, 1986: 292, Figs. 1-2 [Lake Antioche, Syria; holotype: MHNG 603.95].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu (2023).—Illustration: Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu (2023: 449).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Anuradha 1986 (1794); subsequently reported by Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu (2023).—Syrian material: SMF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4- Orontes.—General distribution: Orontes River basin (Turkey and Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437- Orontes.—Habitat: This species lives in large rivers and reservoirs. It feeds on invertebrates and small fish. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FD6DE6CAFB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FB65E161F8CB.text	039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FB65E161F8CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mystus pelusius (Solander 1794)	<div><p>Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) [N]—Zigzag catfish; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus pelusius Solander in Russell, 1794: 210, pl. 7, fig. 1 [Qweik River, Aleppo, Syria; syntype: BMNH 1955.6.25.1 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: Bagrus halepensis Valenciennes, 1840; Macrones colvillii Günther, 1874; Mystus colvillii (Günther, 1874); Mystus halepensis (Valenciennes, 1840); Macrones aleppensis (Valenciennes, 1840).—Revisions: Roberts (1994:243); Esmaeili et al. (2022b).—Illustration: Hamilton (1822: pl. 3, fig. 61) as Pimelodus tengara, Esmaeili et al. (2022b:338, fig. 10, syntype BMNH 1955.6.25.1).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Solander in Russell (1794: 210); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 46); Ali (2003); Taha (2005).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species lives in large rivers and reservoirs. It feeds on invertebrates and small fish. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2BFFA0FF42FB65E161F8CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FF74E292FD67.text	039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FF74E292FD67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyptothorax cous (Linnaeus 1766)	<div><p>Glyptothorax cous (Linnaeus, 1766) [N]—Catfish; Balouj</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus cous Linnaeus, 1766: 504 [Qweik River, at Aleppo, Syria; holotype: BMNH 1955.6.25.2].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2021: 465); Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022).—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2021: figs. 10-17); Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022: 22, fig. 9).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Linnaeus (1766: 504); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 178); Ali (2003); Taha (2005).—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Qweik River system, Tigris-Euphrates River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris-Euphrates River basin, Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species occurs in slow running and standing streams. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FF74E292FD67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FD34E161FB0B.text	039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FD34E161FB0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg 1931)	<div><p>Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg, 1931) [N]—Mesopotamian sucking catfish; Balouj</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Glyptosternum kurdistanicus Berg, 1931: 384 [Serdesht, at Little Zab (36°N), River Bané basin, Iran, elevation 1,500 metres; holotype: ZIN 20780].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2021: 472).—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2021: figs. 18-24).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b: 73).—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: All species of this genus in the Middle East inhabit fast running sections of streams and rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB.— Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—No keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FD34E161FB0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FB10E292F92F.text	039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FB10E292F92F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyptothorax steindachneri (Pietschmann 1913)	<div><p>Glyptothorax steindachneri (Pietschmann, 1913) [N]—Steindachner’s cat; Balouj</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Glyptosternum steindachneri Pietschmann, 1913: 93 [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: (2, NMW?)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2021: 479).—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2021: figs. 28-30).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Freyhof et al. (2021: 479).—Syrian material: BMNH, SMF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris and Euphrates River basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates River basins, Iraq, Syria and Turkey.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: All species of this genus in the Middle East inhabit fast running sections of streams and rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2AFFA1FF42FB10E292F92F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2AFFA2FF42F88DE64EFD4B.text	039B4C3C2E2AFFA2FF42F88DE64EFD4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Silurus glanis Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 [I]—Wels catfish; Sallour furati</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758: 304 [Orient, less frequently in European lakes; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.168 (1, skin), NRM 59 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949:904).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 904-905, figs. 656-657); Jawad et al. (2021 a).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 176); listed in FishBase by Bartley (2006); confirmed by Saad et al. (2006).—Syrian materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River and Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.—General distribution: North America; Eastern Europe to central Asia. Widely introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species inhabits large and medium-sized lowland rivers, backwaters, and well-vegetated lakes. Spawns in shallow, warm, and well vegetated riverine habitats without current. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. Due to its use in aquaculture, it has become widespread in Syria, especially in the Orontes basin, the Euphrates River, the Khabour River, and some coastal rivers (where catfish breeding farms are located near them, such as the Al-Sin River, Al Kabeer Al Shmali River, and the Al Kabeer Aljanoubi River).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2AFFA2FF42F88DE64EFD4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E29FFA3FF42FAB1E2E4FF37.text	039B4C3C2E29FFA3FF42FAB1E2E4FF37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822	<div><p>Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 [N]—North African catfish; Sallour aswad</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus (Heterobranchus) gariepinus Burchell, 1822: 425, fig.on p. 445 [Vaal River, at Smidtsdrift, above confluence with Riet River, Cape Province, South Africa (28°42’10”S, 24°04’29”E); neotype: SAIAB 520; neotype evidently selected by Bruton &amp; Teugels (1982) but first published in Skelton &amp; Teugels (1992) (see Seegers (1996: 206)].—Syrian synonyms: Clarias orontis Günther, 1864; Clarias lazera Valenciennes 1840.—Revisions: Teugels (1982: 442).—Illustration: Skelton &amp; Teugels (1992: figs. 1-2).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Sauvage (1882: 163) as Clarias orontis; confirmed by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 173) as Clarias lazera, Ali (2003); Al-Horani (2005); Saad et al. (2006).—Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris river basins, Orontes River and Yamuk River.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5- Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Widespread in Africa, Asia Minor and Middle East. Widely introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.— Habitat: This species is a benthopelagic (living and feeding near the bottom as well as in midwaters or near the surface), potamodromous (migratory), and freshwater fish species. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: This species is of major economic importance all over its range and it is even an important aquaculture species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E29FFA3FF42FAB1E2E4FF37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E29FFA2FF42FD50E008FB0B.text	039B4C3C2E29FFA2FF42FD50E008FB0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Silurus triostegus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Mesopotamian catfish; Sallour</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843a: 1090 [100] [Tigris River, near Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: (4) NMW, SMF 2623 (1, dry)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Kobayakawa (1989: 174).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 13, fig. 1); Esmaeili (2021: 309, fig. 17.12).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 176); confirmed by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b: 73); Ali (2003); Saad et al. (2009).—Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris and Euphrates River basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.— Habitat: This species inhabits large rivers, marshes, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area affection this species, but none seem to be strong enough to let the species decline so fast, that it qualifies for a threat category.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E29FFA2FF42FD50E008FB0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E28FFA3FF42FE6AE196FB80.text	039B4C3C2E28FFA3FF42FE6AE196FB80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch 1794)	<div><p>Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) [I]—Singee; Sallour</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus fossilis Bloch, 1794: 46, pl. 370, fig. 2 [Tranquebar (Tharangambadi), India; lectotype: ZMB 3074; lectotype selected by Paepke (1999: 87)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Diogo et al. (2003: 380); Ratmuangkhwang et al. (2014: 82).—Illustration: Bloch (1794: 46, pl. 370, fig. 2).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Ali et al. (2015: 1).—Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates River, Khbur River.—Distribution in River Basin: 1- Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: South Asia: Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and China Introduced in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.— Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits freshwater and, rarely, brackish waters as well. This is primarily a fish of ponds, ditches, creeks, swamps, and marshes, but it is sometimes found in muddy rivers. Its air-breathing apparatus enables it to exist in almost any kind of water quality. Generally, during the dry season, Heteropneustes fossilis lives in semi-liquid and semi-dry mud, and, even when the mud dries, they take their bodies to the bottom of fissures and crevices formed by the cracking mud. Fertilized eggs are adhesive, demersal, and spherical in form. In bodies of water, this species will move and feed in schools that are active through the day and night, and normally it occupies the lower quarter of the water column. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Unknown: Inadvertently introduced by transboundary waterways for no known reason or method.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E28FFA3FF42FE6AE196FB80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E28FFA4FF42FA94E24FFEAB.text	039B4C3C2E28FFA4FF42FA94E24FFEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792)	<div><p>Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) [I]—Rainbow trout; Truit kaous kasah</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo mykiss Walbaum, 1792: 59 [Kamchatka, Russia; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Salmo gairdnerii Richardson, 1836.—Revisions: Berg (1948: 267) as Salmo mykiss; Stearley &amp; Smith (1993: 21) as Oncorhynchus mykiss mykiss.—Illustration: Berg (1948: 268, fig. 155) as Salmo mykiss, Jawad et al. (2019).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad et al. (2006); confirmed by Saad et al. (2009).—Syrian materials: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Upper part of the Orontes River near the Syrian-Lebanese border (Rabla town), where breeding farms for this species are established within the Syrian borders by bringing fingerlings from breeding farms in Lebanon, the Hermel region on the Lebanese side of the border. It was introduced to Syria during the seventies of the last century, when imported eggs were hatched in the Zabadani area west of Damascus, where cold water was available, and then the fingerlings were transported to fattening farms on the Syrian coast near the Al-Sin spring. It is still cultivated in cold spring basins near Jabal Al-Sheikh, east of Quneitra (Syrian Golan), and in the area of Ribla (Orontes River) near the Syrian-Lebanese border (where cold water is available in the upper part of the Al-Asi (Orontes) River.—Distribution in River Basin: 4- Orontes.—General distribution: North Pacific and adjacent basins; widely introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species usually occurs in cold streams, rivers, and lakes, but is also found in various habitats. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture/research.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p> <p>Remarks. This species is mostly cultured cold-water fish. This species cannot reproduce in the environment on its own. Due to the escape of fish farm specimens, suitable habitats have been established in the vicinity of fish farms.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E28FFA4FF42FA94E24FFEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FA01E18EF838.text	039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FA01E18EF838.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gobius paganellus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758 [N]—Rock goby; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758: 263 [Mediterranean Sea; no types known].— Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Kovačić et al. (2022: 61).—Illustration: Kovačić et al. (2022: 61, figs.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad (2005).—Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 6- Coastal.—General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; southern North Sea; eastern Atlantic: Scotland south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands; Red Sea (Mediterranean Sea immigrant).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant.—Habitat: This species is benthic and predominantly marine; it occurs inshore and intertidal, under stones and in pools on sheltered rocky shores with dense weed cover. However, it occasionally enters freshwater. Brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: No major threats are known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FA01E18EF838	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FD3DE7DBFB00.text	039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FD3DE7DBFB00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syngnathus abaster Risso 1827	<div><p>Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827 [N]—Blackstripe pipefish; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827: 182 [probably Nice, France, northwest Mediterranean Sea; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Dawson in Whitehead et al. (1986: 635, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad (2005).—Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 6- Coastal.—General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay south to Portugal, including Azores.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats and is mostly associated with dense submerged vegetation but is also found on open mud bottom substrates. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are no major threats known to be impacting this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2FFFA4FF42FD3DE7DBFB00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FAD9E07DF858.text	039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FAD9E07DF858.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astatotilapia flaviijosephi (Lortet 1883)	<div><p>Astatotilapia flaviijosephi (Lortet, 1883) [N]—Redbelly tilapia; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Chromis flaviijosephi Lortet, 1883: 141, pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Aun Nudauwara, Syria, 32°50’N, 35°28’E; lectotype: MGHN 4056].—Syrian synonyms: Haplochromis flaviijosephi (Lortet, 1883).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Lortet (1883: p. 8, fig. 2) as Chromis flaviijosephi, Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 395, fig. 49).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Lortet (1883: 141); subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 54 as Haplochromis flavi-josephi).—Syrian material: MGHN.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Jordan River system.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Middle East: Jordan River system (Syria, Israel, Jordan).—Distribution in Ecoregion:438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat:This species lives in the shallow zones of lakes, springs, and streams, where it may be found among stones or vegetation. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023 as Haplochromis flaviijosephi).— Threats: ABS, CLI, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.— Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. The absence of this species in the Yarmouk River, which is a tributary of the Jordan River, indicates that it is extinct in Syria’s aquatic bodies (Hourani, 2005).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FAD9E07DF858	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FEC5E161FB97.text	039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FEC5E161FB97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mastacembelidae Swainson 1839	<div><p>Mastacembelidae Swainson, 1839 (freshwater spiny eels)</p> <p>Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks &amp; Solander in Russell, 1794) [N]—Mesopotamian spiny eel; Haiet alsamak/thoaban al maa</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Ophidium mastacembelus Banks &amp; Solander in Russell, 1794: 209, pl. 6 [locality unknown; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Rhynchobdella haleppensis Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801; Macrognathus caudatus McClelland, 1842; Macrognathus hamiltonii McClelland, 1843; Mastacembelus manipurensis Hora, 1921; Mastacembelus marmoratus Cuvier, 1832; Rhynchobdella polyacantha Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801; Mastacembelus ponticerianus Cuvier, 1832; Mastacembelus venosus Valenciennes, 1838.—Revisions: Gholamhosseini et al. (2022).—Illustration: Day (1876: pl. 73, fig. 3).</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in the original description of Rhynchobdella haleppensis by Bloch &amp; Schneider (1801: 480); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 154); Ali &amp; Saad (2002); Ali (2003).—Syrian material: ANSP, BMNH, MCZ, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris and Euphrates River drainages, Kahbur River.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River, Kor River, and Persian Gulf basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats, from reservoirs and large rivers to small mountain streams. Often very abundant in rapids and riffles. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: EUT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2EFFA5FF42FEC5E161FB97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FF74E161FCDB.text	039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FF74E161FCDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptodon zillii (Gervais 1848)	<div><p>Coptodon zillii (Gervais, 1848) [N]—Redbelly tilapia; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Acerina zillii Gervais, 1848: 203 [Artesian well, Tuggurth, Algeria; syntypes: MNHN (lost)].—Syrian synonyms: Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848).—Revisions: Dunz &amp; Schliewen (2013: 73).—Illustration: Goren (1974: fig. 33) as Tilapia zillii.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by El Bolock &amp; Koura (1961); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 60) as Tilapia zilli, Saad et al. (2006), and Barakat et al. (2020).—Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean coastal plain.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: North Africa: Morocco east to Egypt, south to Nigeria and Central African Republic; Middle East: Syria south to Israel and Jordan. Introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperatures (below 10–13 oC) limit its occurrence. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Israel: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FF74E161FCDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FCA0E196FA2B.text	039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FCA0E196FA2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner 1864)	<div><p>Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) [I]—Blue tilapia; Mesht azrak</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Chromis aureus Steindachner, 1864: 229, pl. 8, fig. 5 [locality unknown; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Tilapia aurea (Steindachner, 1864).—Revisions: Trewavas (1965: 265) as Tilapia aurea; Trewavas (1982: 12).—Illustration: Steindachner (1864: 229, pl. 8, fig. 5).</p> <p>Status in Syria. According to Coad (1996), this species recorded from Syria by F. Krupp (1988) reports capture of a specimen from the Khabour River in Syria, presumably an escape from a fish farm in the basin of this tributary of the Euphrates River. Subsequently recorded Ali (2003); Saad et al. (2006); Saad (2010).—Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Khabour River.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Middle East and Africa. Introduced widely elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperatures (below 10–13 oC) limit its occurrence. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2DFFA6FF42FCA0E196FA2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2DFFA7FF42F9F0E196FE8F.text	039B4C3C2E2DFFA7FF42F9F0E196FE8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) [I]—Nile tilapia; Mesht Nili</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Perca niloticus Linnaeus, 1758: 290 [Nile River; holotype:?NRM LP 10].—Syrian synonyms: Perca nilotica Linnaeus, 1758; Tilapia nilotica (Linnaeus, 1758); Chromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Ye in Pan et al. (1991: 416, fig. 248) as Tilapia nilotica, Teugels &amp; Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. (1992: 761, fig. 49.36).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by El Bolock &amp; Koura (1961); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 58 as Tilapia nilotica).—Syrian materials: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Beteha area.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2- Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: North Africa and East Africa. Widely introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperatures (below 10–13 oC) limit its occurrence. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2DFFA7FF42F9F0E196FE8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FE8CE219FBFB.text	039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FE8CE219FBFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) [N]—Mango tilapia; Mesht abiad</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Sparus galilaeus Linnaeus, 1758: 282 [Lake Tiberias [Galilée], Israel; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Sparus galilaeus Linnaeus, 1758; Tilapia galilaea and attributed to Artedi.— Revisions: None.—Illustration: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 399, fig. 51).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by El Bolock &amp; Koura (1961); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 56) as Tilapia galilaea, Saad et al. (2006, 2009).—Syrian materials: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes, Al Kabir Al Shamali, and Al Yarmouk rivers, Beteha area.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.— General distribution: Middle East; introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This demersal species occurs in shallow inshore waters of lakes and prefers open water, but juveniles and breeding adults can be found offshore. In the Sudd lakes, it is often associated with beds of submerged vegetation. It occasionally forms schools and can be territorial. It also occurs in rivers. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. In Syria, S. galilaeus is both found naturally and translocated to various regions for aquaculture purposes.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FE8CE219FBFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FB80E161F973.text	039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FB80E161F973.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tristramella magdalenae (Lortet 1883)	<div><p>Tristramella magdalenae (Lortet, 1883) [E]— Damascus tristramella; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Chromis magdalenae Lortet, 1883: 146, pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Lakes Hula and Tiberias (Galilée), Israel; lakes east of Damascus (Syria); syntypes: BMNH 1898.12.5.1-2 (2) (Damascus, Syria), 1898.12.5.3-4 (2) (Damascus, Syria); MCZ 25533 (1) (Damascus, Syria); MHNG 611.21 (2); MNHN 1883- 1139 (1) (Israel); SMF 187 (1); SMNS 3187 (1, lost) (Bahret-el-Hidjane near Damascus, Syria); USNM 48023 (1) (Syria)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Trewavas (1942: 535).—Illustration: None.</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Lortet (1883: 141; subsequently reported by Beckman (1962: 65 as Tristramella simonis magdalenae) and Hurani (2005).—Syrian material: MGHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Jordan River system, Al Yarmouk and Nahr Alkabeer Alchemali rivers.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Middle East: swamps and pools in Damascus area (Syria).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 438- Jordan River, 440- Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species lives in the shallow zones of lakes, springs, and streams, where it may be found among stones or vegetation. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2CFFA7FF42FB80E161F973	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E2CFFA8FF42F908E2F9FDD7.text	039B4C3C2E2CFFA8FF42F908E2F9FDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tristramella sacra (Gunther 1865)	<div><p>Tristramella sacra (G̡nther, 1865) [N]—Long jaw tristramella; Mesht addadi</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Hemichromis sacra Günther, 1865: 493 [Lake Tiberias [Galilée], Israel; lectotype: BMNH 1864.8.20.1].—Syrian synonyms: Chromis paterfamilias Lortet, 1876.—Revisions: None.— Illustration: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 402, fig. 53).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 66); confirmed by Borkenhagen &amp; Freyhof (2009: 335).—Syria material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Yarmouk and Al-Kabir Al-Shamali rivers.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Lake Tiberias.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species was a lacustrine species. Reproduction occurred in spring (April-July): it was a paternal mouth brooder. The species fed on zooplankton and small fish. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: EX (IUCN 2023).—Threats: Unknown.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Extinct.—High priority for conservation action.</p> <p>Remarks. The IUCN category of T. sacra is extinct based on Goren’s (2014) assessment. Nonetheless, it was reported that this species is still found in Syria. This situation needs to be clarified by field studies and detailed molecular analyses.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E2CFFA8FF42F908E2F9FDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FA27E056F819.text	039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FA27E056F819.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherina boyeri Risso 1810	<div><p>Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 [N]—Big-scale sand smelt; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810: 338, pl. 10, fig. 38 [Dept. du Var, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea; lectotype: MNHN A-4342 (70.6 mm SL); lectotype selected by Kottelat &amp; Freyhof (2009: 83)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Risso (1810: 338, pl. 10, fig. 38).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad (2005).—Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean Sea watersheds and Orontes River basin.— Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Southern North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; eastern Atlantic:English Channel south to Mauritania, including Madeira and Canary Islands.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species lives in the lower parts of rivers, estuaries, coastal lakes, and the sea. Freshwater populations prefer still or slow-flowing waters. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FA27E056F819	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FDA4E041FB6F.text	039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FDA4E041FB6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tristramella simonis (Gunther 1864)	<div><p>Tristramella simonis (G̡nther, 1864) [N]—Short jaw tristramella; Mesht addadi</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Chromis simonis Günther, 1864: 492 [Lake Tiberias [Galilée], Israel; lectotype: BMNH 1864.8.20.10. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1864.8.20.11 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: Chromis simonis Günther, 1864.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 404, fig. 54); Borkenhagen &amp; Freyhof (2009: 335, fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 66) as Tristramella simonis simonis; confirmed by Hurani (2005); Borkenhagen &amp; Freyhof (2009); Barakat et al. (2020) and Dib et al. (2021).—Syrian materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Yarmouk and Al-Kabir Al-Shamali rivers.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Jordan River system, Israel, Lebonan, and Syria; introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: It lives in lakes, springs, and rivers. Spawns from March to August. It is a female mouth-brooder. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E23FFA8FF42FDA4E041FB6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E22FFA9FF42FE55E7D6FB08.text	039B4C3C2E22FFA9FF42FE55E7D6FB08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gambusia holbrooki Girard 1859	<div><p>Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 [I]—Eastern mosquitofish; Gambosia</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859: 390 [Palatka, eastern Florida, (Palatka, eastern Florida and Charleston, South Carolina), USA; lectotype: ANSP 6976; lectotype selected by Huber (2019: 64)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Rauchenberger (1989: 3).—Illustration: McEachran &amp; Fechhelm (1998: 924, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Khalil (1930) as Gambusia affinis; confirmed by Beckman (1962: 170); Krupp (1992b: 47); Ali (2003); Hurani (2005); Saad et al. (2006).—Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Widespread all basins of Syria (introduced since 1926).— Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: North America: Atlantic and Gulf Coast drainages, eastern USA; widely introduced elsewhere for mosquito control.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species often occurs in shallow, often stagnant ponds and the shallow edges of lakes and streams where predatory fishes are largely absent and temperatures are high. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Biocontrol: to prevent eutrophication, aquatic plants, and pest control.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p> <p>Remarks. It was introduced from the island of Corsica to Egypt in 1926 and then to Syria from Egypt in 1927, with the aim of combating mosquitoes in the jungle swamps and the Syrian Jazira region (Khalil, 1930). Previous records of Gambusia affinis in Syria refer to holbrooki. However, it should be determined whether there is a single species or whether both G. affinis and G. holbrooki are present in the country.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E22FFA9FF42FE55E7D6FB08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E22FFAAFF42FABDE28CFF37.text	039B4C3C2E22FFAAFF42FABDE28CFF37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphaniops dispar (Ruppell 1829)	<div><p>Aphaniops dispar (R̡ppell, 1829) [N] — Arabian toothcarp; Batrikh</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Lebias dispar Rüppell, 1829: 66, pl. 18 (figs. 1-2) [Red Sea; lectotype:SMF 821].— Syrian synonyms: Aphanius dispar (Rüppell, 1829); Cyprinodon lunatus Valenciennes, 1846; Cyprinodon zaccarinii Gianferrari, 1933; Cyprinodon darrorensis Gianferrari, 1933; Cyprinodon cilensis Gianferrari, 1930; Cyprinodon zaccarinii var. airebejensis Gianferrari, 1933.—Revisions: Teimori et al. (2018); Esmaeili et al. (2020: 5).—Illustration: Rüppell (1829: pl. 18, figs. 1-2) as Lebias dispar, Banister &amp; Clarke (1977: 144, fig. 30) as Aphanius dispar.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Ali (2003); confirmed by Saad et al. (2006).—Syria material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria:Alkhabur and Orontes rivers.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo, 3-Desert, 4-Orontes, 5-Barada &amp;Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Middle East: Shores of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, and easternmost Mediterranean Sea basin; Socotra (north-western Indian Ocean).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species is euryhyaline, inshore habitats with dense structures of vegetation or stones. Also common in coral reefs in the Red Sea and widely distributed in lower parts of rivers, streams and all kind of inland water bodies, especially if these have brackish waters. Very rarely reported in freshwater habitats. Spawns on plants, algae and rock fissures. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E22FFAAFF42FABDE28CFF37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FEC4E2E4FCF7.text	039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FEC4E2E4FCF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes 1821)	<div><p>Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821) [N] — Mediterranean banded killifish; Batrikh</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Lebias fasciata Valenciennes, 1821: 160, pl. 51, fig. 4 [Salt works of Cagliari, Sardinia; neotype: MNHN 2005-1975; neotype dessignated by Kottelat et al. (2007: 24)].—Syrian synonyms: Lebias fasciatus Valenciennes, 1821; Aphanius sophiae (non Heckel, 1847).—Revisions: Langeneck et al. (2021: 10).—Illustration: Humboldt &amp; Valenciennes (1821: 160, pl. 51, fig. 4).</p> <p>Status in Syria. New record from Syria, based on ANSP and BMNH material.—Syrian material: ANSP, BMNH, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean Sea watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Mediterranean Sea basin endemic. Introduced elsewhere.— Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species lives mainly in brackish and salty waters and enters lagoons. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: CLI, EUT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FEC4E2E4FCF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FC84E678FAB7.text	039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FC84E678FAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphanius mento (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Paraphanius mento (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Pearl-spotted killifish; Batrikh</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Lebias mento Heckel, 1843a: 1089 [99] [Mossul, northern Iraq (36°18’N, 43°18’E); possible syntypes: NMW 21699-704 (6), 59832 (21)].—Syrian synonyms: Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843).— Revisions: Esmaeili et al. (2020: 5).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 6, fig. 4).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 151) as Aphanius mento; confirmed by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b: 73) as Aphanius mento.—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin (southern Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442- Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of springs, streams, lakes, and rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area but none seems to be strong enough to threaten this species.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FC84E678FAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FA44E278F877.text	039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FA44E278F877.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphanius orontis (Aksiray 1948)	<div><p>Paraphanius orontis (Akşiray, 1948) [N]—Orontes killifish; Batrikh</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius cypris orontis Akşiray, 1948: 116, pl. 2, figs. 5-6; figs. 11-12 [Small ditches near Lake Amik near Antakya, Turkey (36°17’N, 36°20’E); no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Cyprinodon cypris (non Heckel, 1843); Lebias mento (non Heckel, 1843); Aphanius mento (non Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: Esmaeili et al. (2020: 12).—Illustration: Akşiray (1948: pl. 2, figs. 5-6; figs. 11-12) as Aphanius cypris orontis.</p> <p>Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria by Gaillard (1895: 6) as Cyprinodon cypris (non Heckel, 1843).—Syrian material: BMNH, MNHN.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Orontes River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia Minor: Orontes River basin.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of springs, streams, and wetlands. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats:Unknown.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E21FFAAFF42FA44E278F877	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FCD9E056FA58.text	039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FCD9E056FA58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chelon auratus (Risso 1810)	<div><p>Chelon auratus (Risso, 1810) [N]—Golden grey mullet; Bouri dehban</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil auratus Risso, 1810: 344 [Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Planiliza aurata (Risso, 1810); Liza aurata (Risso, 1810).—Revisions: Durand &amp; Borsa (2015: 268).—Illustration: Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1199, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 160) as Liza auratus; confirmed by Saad (2005).— Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria:Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin:4-Orontes, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; eastern Atlantic: Scotland south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde Islands (introduced elsewhere).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species is pelagic, near shore, sometimes in lagoons and estuaries, rarely in freshwaters. Among the Mugilidae recorded from freshwaters, this is the least tolerant of the freshwaters. It pawns at sea. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FCD9E056FA58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FA5FE056F83D.text	039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FA5FE056F83D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chelon labrosus (Risso 1827)	<div><p>Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1827) [N]—Thicklip grey mullet; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil labrosus Risso, 1827: 389 [Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Mugil chelo Cuvier, 1829.—Revisions: Durand &amp; Borsa (2015: 268).—Illustration: Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1198, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 164) as Liza labrosus; confirmed by Saad (2005).— Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 4- Orontes, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species is pelagic, near shores, sometimes in lagoons and estuaries. It spawns at sea in coastal surface water. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FA5FE056F83D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FF74E278FDAF.text	039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FF74E278FDAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphanius striptus (Goren 1974)	<div><p>Paraphanius striptus (Goren, 1974) [N]—Killifish; Batrikh</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius mento striptus Goren, 1974: 99 [Rosh Hanikra, springs near Amiqam, Israel; holotype: SMNHTAU 3280].—Syrian synonyms: Aphanius striptus Goren, 1974.—Revisions: Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu (2020: 437).—Illustration: Goren (1974: fig. 27) as Aphanus mento striptus.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu (2020: 437).—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: south-western Syria.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 5- Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: South Asia: Middle East: Israel and southwestern Syria.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of springs, streams, and wetlands. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats:Unknown.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E20FFABFF42FF74E278FDAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FF74E056FD3F.text	039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FF74E056FD3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chelon ramada (Risso 1827)	<div><p>Chelon ramada (Risso, 1827) [N]—Thinlip mullet; Bouri katan</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil ramada Risso, 1827: 390 [Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Liza ramado (Risso, 1810); Chelon ramado (Risso, 1827); Liza ramada (Risso, 1827).—Revisions: Durand &amp; Borsa (2015: 268).—Illustration: Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1200, fig.) as Liza ramada.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 163) as Liza capito; confirmed by Saad (2005).— Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 4- Orontes, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Western Baltic Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: southern Norway south to Senegal, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands. Introduced in Red Sea.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes.— Habitat: This species is pelagic, near shore, entering lagoons and the lower reaches of rivers, and is often found in polluted waters. It spawns offshore at sea. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FF74E056FD3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FCFCE056FAFF.text	039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FCFCE056FAFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chelon saliens (Risso 1810)	<div><p>Chelon saliens (Risso, 1810) [N]—Leaping mullet; Bouri sheli</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil saliens Risso, 1810: 345 [Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: Liza saliens (Risso, 1810).—Revisions: Durand &amp; Borsa (2015: 268).—Illustration: Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1201, fig.) as Liza saliens.</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 165) as Liza saliens; confirmed by Saad (2005).— Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 4- Orontes, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay (Spain) south to Western Sahara, including Madeira; introduced in Caspian Sea area.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species is pelagic, near shore, and sometimes in lagoons and estuaries. It spawns at sea. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FCFCE056FAFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FABCE18EF877.text	039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FABCE18EF877.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 [N]—Flathead mullet; Bouri aphtas</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758: 316 [European sea, Europe; syntypes: NRM 43 (1), 44 (2), 143 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Durand et al. (2012:692).—Illustration: Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1202, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 165); confirmed by Saad (2005).—Syrian material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 4- Orontes, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Nearly circumglobal in temperate and tropical seas and estuaries (including Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sea of Japan); introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species is a euryhaline, pelagic nearshore species that sometimes forages in lagoons, estuaries, and lower courses of rivers and can tolerate freshwater. It inhabits inshore marine waters, estuaries, lagoons, and rivers, where it can tolerate wide ranges of temperature and salinity. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E27FFACFF42FABCE18EF877	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FF74E056FD4B.text	039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FF74E056FD4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier 1829)	<div><p>Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829) [N]—Boxlip mullet; Bouri chelan</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil labeo Cuvier, 1829: 233 [Mediterranean Sea; lectotype: MNHN A-3606; lectotype selected by Blanc &amp; Hureau (1971:692)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Durand et al. (2012: 693).—Illustration: Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1203, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad (2005).—Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 4- Orontes, 6-Coastal.—General distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Portugal, northern Morocco, and Madeira; introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species is a benthopelagic, neritic species found inshore, at the mouths of rivers and sewage effluents, but not entering brackish or freshwater. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FF74E056FD4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FD50E28CFA9B.text	039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FD50E28CFA9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiliza abu (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Abu mullet; Bouri nahri</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil abu Heckel, 1843a: 1097 (107) [Tigris River, near Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 9224-30 (7), 67868 (2)].—Syrian synonyms: Chelon abu (Heckel, 1843); Liza abu (Heckel, 1843).— Revisions: Thomson (1997: 513) as Liza abu; Durand &amp; Borsa (2015: 268).—Illustration: Carpenter et al. (1997: 202, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 160) as Liza abu; confirmed by Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b: 73) as Liza abu.—Syrian material: MNHN, MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris River drainages.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp; Aleppo.—General distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and adjacent Euphrates and Tigris River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species is a freshwater mullet, found in streams, rivers, drains, channels, canals, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, including fish farms. It is found in schools. It is found in surface waters and the submerged vegetation of lakes and marshes, preferring a gentle flow of water, and it enters deeper waters in December and January, especially in cold winters. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: CLI, EUT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E26FFADFF42FD50E28CFA9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E26FFAEFF42F99CE28CFE47.text	039B4C3C2E26FFAEFF42F99CE28CFE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salariopsis burcuae Yogurtcuoglu, Kaya, Atalay, Ekmekci, & Freyhof 2023	<div><p>Salariopsis burcuae Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya, Atalay, Ekmekçi &amp; Freyhof, 2023 [N] — Freshwater blenny; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Salariopsis burcuae Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya, Atalay, Ekmekçi, &amp; Freyhof, 2023: 90, fig. 3-5 [Türkiye: Adana prov.: Körkün River at Hacýlý, 37.2947 35.1539; holotype: FFR 4260].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. (2023: fig. 3-5).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 52) as Blennius vulgaris; confirmed by Krupp (1987) as Blennius fluviatilis. Recorded from Syria in original description by Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. (2023).—Syrian materials: FFR.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 4- Orontes, 5-Barada &amp; Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Middle Asia: Mediterranean coastal watersheds from Antalya (Türkiye) to Israel.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant, 437- Orontes, 438- Jordan River.—Habitat: This species is mainly a riverine species that can also be found in lakes. It likes rubble and gravel substrates with moderate to high current velocities and stays in the deepest part. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E26FFAEFF42F99CE28CFE47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42F9E9E056F834.text	039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42F9E9E056F834.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) [N]—European seabass; Brak/Ghenbar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Perca labrax Linnaeus, 1758: 290 [Southern Europe, Mediterranean Sea; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.1 (1, skin)].—Syrian synonyms: Morone labrax (Linnaeus, 1758).—Revisions: None.— Illustration: Tortonese in Whitehead et al. (1986: 794, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Saad (2005).—Syrian material: MSL.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 6- Coastal.—General distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland south to Senegal, including Madeira; Red Sea: Gulf of Suez (Mediterranean Sea immigrant).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant.—Habitat: This species is pelagic, near shore, and sometimes in lagoons and estuaries. It spawns at sea. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42F9E9E056F834	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42FD51E161FAFF.text	039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42FD51E161FAFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 [N]—Three-spined stickleback; None</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758: 295 [Europe; syntypes: ZSL 29 (left halfskin), 30-31 (2, right half-skins)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Kottelat &amp; Freyhof (2007: 492, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 154) as Gasterosteus argyropomus, Krupp &amp; Coad (1985: 36); Krupp &amp; Schneider (1991b); Saad (2005).—Syrian material: CMN.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Mediterranean watersheds.—Distribution in River Basin: 6- Coastal.—General distribution: North Pacific; Atlantic; Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea and adjacent watersheds; Sea of Japan; widespread in northern Europe, northern Asia and North America.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 436-Coastal Levant.—Habitat: This species is typically found in quiet, weedy pools and backwaters. It is also found in the marginal vegetation of streams and over sand and mud bottom substrates. Marine populations are pelagic and usually found inshore along the coast, in estuaries, and in coastal lagoons. In some lakes, two morphologically and ecologically distinct forms may occur, differing in habitat and morphology (one littoral, the other mainly limnetic). Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: COM, EUT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E25FFAEFF42FD51E161FAFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FC14E6D1FBB3.text	039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FC14E6D1FBB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthobrama telavivensis Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973	<div><p>Acanthobrama telavivensis Goren, Fishelson &amp; Trewavas, 1973</p> <p>Remarks. This species is distributed in the Mediterranean coastal plain of Israel and is listed in FishBase based on Goren (1974) from Syria. However, Syria is not included in the natural distribution of the species. Probably, the record of this species from Syria is due to misidentification. The presence of the species needs clarification.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FC14E6D1FBB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FB49E072FAFF.text	039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FB49E072FAFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acipenser sturio Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758</p> <p>Remarks. This anadromous species is distributed in the Mediterranean and is listed in FishBase by Muus &amp; Dahlstr̂m (1978) as being from Syria. Recent studies, however, have not recorded this species in Syria (Saad, 2005). The existence of the species must be clarified.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FB49E072FAFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FA60E7FEFA2B.text	039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FA60E7FEFA2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Barbus rajanorum Heckel 1843	<div><p>Barbus rajanorum Heckel, 1843</p> <p>Remarks. This species was first reported by Beckman (1962: 110); however, it is not a nominal species, but a hybrid between Barbus pectoralis Heckel, 1843 and Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42FA60E7FEFA2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42F9F0E765F956.text	039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42F9F0E765F956.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Remarks. This species was identified as being from the Nile River, Egypt, and reported from Syria by Linnaeus (1764) and Russell (1794). However, Syria is not included in the natural distribution range of the species. Previous reports of C. anguillaris from Syria probably refer to C. gariepinus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42F9F0E765F956	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42F924E19AF883.text	039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42F924E19AF883.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758</p> <p>Remarks. This species was reported from the Orontes River by Beckman (1962: 69). However, Syria is not in the natural distribution of C. taenia, which is distributed in Europe. Probably, the newly identified species C. anabelae has been misidentified as C. taenia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E38FFB3FF42F924E19AF883	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E38FFB4FF42F898E018FF1B.text	039B4C3C2E38FFB4FF42F898E018FF1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Esmaeilius sophiae (Heckel 1847)	<div><p>Esmaeilius sophiae (Heckel, 1847)</p> <p>Remarks. Beckman (1962: 153) documented the occurrence of E. sophiae (as Aphanius sophiae) in the Orontes River; however, Syria is not within the species’ natural distribution. According to Gholami et al. (2014) and Esmaeili et al. (2020) this species is restricted to the Kor River basin of Iran. Possibly, this record pertains to P. orontis, a species found in the Orontes River drainage.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E38FFB4FF42F898E018FF1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FEE1E0BDFE63.text	039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FEE1E0BDFE63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758</p> <p>Remarks. A German scientist introduced fingerlings of this species to Lake Al-Assad (Euphrates River) in 1977. This entry was not the right choice for two reasons: first, it was carnivorous, and second, the local environment was unsuitable for acclimatisation of the species. Indeed, it failed to propagate and vanished from Lake Al-Assad, where juveniles of this species had previously been discovered.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FEE1E0BDFE63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FE38E035FD4B.text	039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FE38E035FD4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard 1853)	<div><p>Gambusia affinis (Baird &amp; Girard, 1853)</p> <p>Remarks: During the 1930s, Syria made considerable efforts to propagate Gambusia. Fish recognised as G. affinis in previous research; however, it became apparent that the species introduced to the Middle East was G. holbrooki (Çiçek et al., 2022). Similarly, this is believed to be the situation in Syria. Nonetheless, a comprehensive study should determine whether G. affinis is also extant in Syria.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FE38E035FD4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FD51E715FCDB.text	039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FD51E715FCDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra culiciphaga (Pellegrin 1927)	<div><p>Garra culiciphaga (Pellegrin, 1927)</p> <p>Remarks. This species is endemic to Turkey and is recorded as being from Syria in FishBase. Syria is not a part of the species’ natural distribution. The existence of the species must be clarified.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FD51E715FCDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FCA1E2C2FC23.text	039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FCA1E2C2FC23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra lamta (Hamilton 1822)	<div><p>Garra lamta (Hamilton, 1822)</p> <p>Remarks. This species was identified from Corukpur (Gorakhpur), Behar Province, and the Rapti River, Gorakhpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was reported by Beckman (1962: 126). However, it is likely that the specimen was misidentified because Syria is not part of the species’ natural distribution. The existence of the species must be clarified.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FCA1E2C2FC23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FBF9E2C2FB0B.text	039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FBF9E2C2FB0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mirogrex terraesanctae (Steinitz 1952)	<div><p>Mirogrex terraesanctae (Steinitz, 1952)</p> <p>Remarks. This species was identified from Lake Tiberias (Galilée), Israel. Beckman (1962: 86) reported it from Lake Tiberias as Acanthobrama terraesanctae, and FishBase lists it as being from Syria based on Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989). Syria is not a part of the species’ natural distribution range. The existence of the species must be clarified.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FBF9E2C2FB0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FB10E602FA9B.text	039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FB10E602FA9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner, 1897)</p> <p>Remarks. This species is endemic to Turkey and listed from Syria in FishBase based on Goren (1974); however, Syria is not included in the natural distribution of the species. This record is simply a misidentification.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FB10E602FA9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FA60E16DF9C7.text	039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FA60E16DF9C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin 1934)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin, 1934)</p> <p>This species known from the Kýzýlýrmak drainage in the Anatolian Black Sea basin, the upper Seyhan drainage in the Mediterranean Sea basin, the upper Euphrates and Tigris drainages in Iran, Turkey and potentially in Iraq and Syria (Freyhof et al., 2022).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42FA60E16DF9C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42F9D4E0D8F957.text	039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42F9D4E0D8F957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus leontinae (Lortet 1883)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus leontinae (Lortet, 1883)</p> <p>Remarks. This species was identified from Lake Tiberias and found also in Lebonan. It may also be distributed in Syria; however, the presence of the species needs clarification.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42F9D4E0D8F957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42F924E60CF883.text	039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42F924E60CF883.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Remarks. This species distributes in the Mediterranean and is listed in FishBase based on Muus &amp; Dahlstr̂m (1978) from Syria; however, this species has not been reported from Syria in recent studies (Saad, 2005). This species was probably misidentified as being from Syria. The presence of the species needs clarification.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3FFFB4FF42F924E60CF883	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3FFFB5FF42F898E194FF1B.text	039B4C3C2E3FFFB5FF42F898E194FF1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squalius cephalopsis Heckel 1843	<div><p>Squalius cephalopsis Heckel, 1843</p> <p>Remarks. This species was identified in Aleppo, Syria (syntypes: NMW 49438 (3), 49440 (2)). The species were synonymized by Coad (1991: 18) as Squalius cephalus and Leuciscus cephalus. However, Syria is not included in the natural distribution range of S. cephalus. It could be claimed that the current status of the species is ambiguous and therefore needs clarification.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3FFFB5FF42F898E194FF1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
039B4C3C2E3EFFB5FF42FEE0E2F4FE47.text	039B4C3C2E3EFFB5FF42FEE0E2F4FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Remarks. This species was reported by Coad (2010) in Syria. However, Syria is not within the species’ natural distribution. In some earlier studies, specimens belonging to the genus Squalius were incorrectly identified as Squalius cephalus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E3EFFB5FF42FEE0E2F4FE47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Saad, Adib;Çiçek, Erdoğan;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Fricke, Ronald;Sungur, Sevil;Eagderi, Soheil	Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil, Eagderi, Soheil (2023): Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5350 (1): 1-62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1
